Datasets:
Alignment-Lab-AI
/
StackStore

Dataset card Data Studio Files
xet
 Community
1
text
stringlengths
83
79.5k
H: Precise differences between DRAM and CMOS processes There are a couple of questions that mention the difference between standard CMOS processes and DRAM manufacture: Why do microcontrollers have so little RAM? How do they integrate logic into a DRAM process while manufacturing SDRAM? What differences are those exac...
H: STM32F4 Timer accuracy I'm working with an STM32F4 Discovery board and I've come across a bit of unusual behavior that I'm hoping someone can explain the cause of to me. My goal is to configure a timer to trigger an interrupt at 100 Hz (i.e. 10 ms period). It's important for my project to have this value be as clos...
H: Frequency bandwidth which transfers 95% of power of the signal If I know total power of the signal and spectrum of the signal with amplitudes in dbV, how do I compute bandwidth, which transfers 95% of the power? AI: You integrate the PSD (power spectral density) of the signal over various widths centered on the cen...
H: How VGA monitor detects video resolution? How VGA monitor detects video resolution. I'm asking this because with different VSYNC, HSYNC intervals it's possible to have different dot clock. AI: VGA monitors have a small serial EEPROM embedded into their circuit boards. The chip (known in the business as an "EDID" (e...
H: Why use STM32 HSE? Why do we use an external oscillator for STM32??? Why not just use the microchip oscillator? I am using STM32F2xx it clocks at 120Mhz But, an external oscillator of 12Mhz is latch into the microchip, why use the external clock? AI: They are more accurate over a wider temperature range, they have ...
H: using C libraries inside verilog I'm implementing a radio in Verilog. the time taken for bit reversal while computing the FFT is more. it is almost equal to a symbol time (OFDM system). Can I use a FFT library in C, which can be integrated to the code, to speed up my simulation? If so, can these codes be used for a...
H: MCU Performance: running with emulator vs running without emulator If I connect to my MCU with its SWD emulator/debugger, is there ANY difference in performance/behavior as compared to when I run the MCU without the emulator? EDIT: I am using a freescale KL25z Cortex M0+ with Arm GCC compiler on Eclipse. I am runn...
H: Usage of complex filters in communication In the last stage of a communication transmitter, at the front end a filter is used to eliminate unwanted signals from other frequencies. As far as I read in literature, are these filters "real" filters? Why can't we use a complex filter in communications? If the answer is ...
H: What is PWM Dead Band and when should I use it? I'm having trouble understanding this concept, here is what the documentation in my microcontroller says about it: dead bands are defined as the number of PWM clock ticks from the rising or falling edge of the generator’s OutA signal. Google gives me this diagram,...
H: Controlling speaker that has 4 interconnected pins I am fairly new to and interested in electronic engineering. I want to control a speaker I found in an Xbox 360 headset with my Arduino, but I dont know how. Other small speakers I own all have 2 pins, + and -. But this speaker has 4 pins which are all interconnect...
H: Direct cache vs. associative cache Trying to solve this problem where direct cache would outperform associative: Propose you have a cache with a line size of L 32-bit words, S number of sets, W ways, and addresses are made up of A bits. Assume that the cache is word addressed, i.e., the low two bits of the address ...
H: Opamp Noise due to Source Resistance I want to know total noise I am feeding into ADC and I have learnt about Opamp Noise and resistor noise thanks to this forum. Now I want to know the contribution of resistor in my overall noise due to 'current noise' of Opamp and for that I need to find equivalent source resista...
H: DS3231 Module Circuit Teardown I recently purchased a DS3231 RTC module to use in one of my prototypes. Now that it is complete I would like to integrate the RTC directly into my PCB instead of using a plug in module. To that effect I have been trying to figure out the circuit using continuity testing on the module...
H: How do I analyze this circuit with diodes? If diodes in this circuit are ideal diodes: I'm making assumptions to solve this circuit for I and Vo but I have some questions: 1. What is the voltage at the cathode of the upper diode if the other two diodes are off (i.e. open circuit) ? 2. If all diodes are on (i.e. sh...
H: We have 2 variants of device which differ only by battery. Shall we pass FCC separate FCC certification for every of them? We developed a BT4LE device which is being shipped in two variants. They are the same except for battery variant. Is it possible for us to pass one FCC certification so that it is valid for bo...
H: Grid voltage swell and sag, what happens to harmonics? I know that when a load draws too much power the voltage of the grid at the fundamental frequency begins to sag. Though my understanding is that loads can't use the power generated by harmonics, so does that mean the grid voltage will only sag at the fundamenta...
H: Atmega32u4 not detected I have made a Arduino Leonardo clone and have been trying to burn a bootloader into it. I am still unable to connect to the Atmega32u4. It says "Unable to enter programming mode. "Unable to enter programming mode.Please verify device selection, interface settings, target power and connection...
H: Where does radiated power come from? I've had electromagnetism classes back in uni, but I'm having a hard time linking them with that matter: Take a car antenna -which I assume is simply a wire, coiled or not-, and apply a voltage across it. The way I see it the current will only be limited by the resistance of t...
H: EAGLE detecting error at Copper Trace intersecting Dimension Outline The ARDUINO_MEGA part from the Sparkfun Eagle Library is used in my board design. However when performing a DRU check, it seems that there is an error where the top copper traces (red) intersects with the outline (Layer 20, DIMENSION, white) of th...
H: Redoing the factory calibration of LCD panels? Is it possible to rewrite factory calibration of LCD panels? I am not talking about buying a Spyder 4 or X-Rite calibration device and generating a software lookup table at the OS, or graphics card levels but the actual internal calibration of the panel so I could say ...
H: Driving 48 LEDs with 1 Single Current Source I need to drive 48 UV LEDs for UV paint curing system. (LED: 3.5V, 20mA) I found a simple current source, modified it, set the current to 20mA. The voltage on 3 leds is 10.50V (3 x 3.5V, exactly what I need). When I add another 3 LEDs in parallel to existing 3 (having 6 ...
H: AVR SRAM limitation I'm just an enthusiast looking for some advice. I'd like to use a microcontroller to read frames from a camera and write those frames to a small LCD screen. The camera and screen are on the same SPI bus. I've been prototyping with an Arduino but I'd like to move to an AVR eventually. Problem is,...
H: Low voltage audio amplifier clips on 8 ohm loads Exposition time: One could call me a freshman in electronics and I just designed my first little audio amplifier for headphones. (Pocket design, I want to be able to drive 4 headphone pairs from a single source) Here's the schematic, so you guys know what I'm talking...
H: Slopes of band-pass op-amp I have the following double band-pass op-amp. The cut-off frequencies are 34 and 50kHz. How can I calculate the slope of the gains around the cut-off frequencies? I want to know at which frequency I have -3dB. AI: It looks like the upper (low pass) 3dB point for 1 of the cascaded filters...
H: How light strike works? I am new here and I don't know if I have chosen right stackexchange but anyway. I am making a little toy, just for educational purpose. I would like to understand how light strike works. It is a gun which lights some light, sensor somehow detects it and count the points. I am wondering beca...
H: Is it possible to limit IR led so sensor detects it only if you aim at it? I will have IR led and IR sensor as in TV. As you know, even if you don't point at the TV you are able to change channels. My question is, is it possible to limit it somehow (maybe by putting the LED into some hollow cylinder)? AI: I repair...
H: IC for 4 Kbytes of RAM Is there a Memory IC for 4Kbytes of RAM? I'm trying to make a schematic capture in Proteus and I need a Memory IC for 4Kbytes of RAM, I've searched throughout the library and I can't find one, tried searching for a 32Kbit one too.. It's for an assignment from my lecturer, and he specifically...
H: LM317, basic voltage regulator, why does it get hot when not connected? I have built this little voltage regulator circuit: circuit diagram I am a hobbyist, so these may well be screamingly obvious questions. I ask because I haven't found the answer to my first question. Why does the LM317 get hot even when curren...
H: About a solar cell phone charger I recently made a solar charger. The output energy of solar cell is 2 Watts. The voltage is around 20 volts. I used 7805 IC voltage regulator so i could get around 5V. I used a female USB and connected it to solar panel adding leds to prevent the back flow of current . Now my ques...
H: Can an LC tank circuit alone produce oscillations? The circuit below is the Hartley oscillator circuit. I simulated it in Multisim to understand exactly how oscillations occur. While doing so I just separated the tank circuit (from transistor base and collector) then applied 12V DC voltage across it (across tank a...
H: Resistors in series or one after? I want to use a Voltage divider and i need to divide 5v to ~3.3 so I ordered 10K resistors on eBay, but the voltage divider needs a 20K and a 10K, can i use 2 10K's parralel as a 20K AI: Creating a 3.3 V voltage potential output from a 5 V voltage source using 10K resistors could b...
H: What frequency range is acceptable for a speaker in an audio amplifier I am building an audio amplifier using a lm386 amplifier with a 12 volt supply driven from a headphone jack. I am looking for a speaker that will work well in this setup. Currently I am using a small speaker and their is a lot of distortion in...
H: 110v 220v do it work? i bought hookah heater from amazon. this product link is http://www.amazon.com/Proctor-Silex-34101-Proctor-Silex-Burner/dp/B000690WNU/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1413662717&sr=8-2&keywords=hookah+heater this product work on 110 v. But in my country all products works 220 volt. if i practice to wor...
H: How could this GPIO-controlled LED status blinker be improved? I'm building a simple circuit to drive an LED status indicator in a project built around a RPi. The circuit takes its power from the same source as the RPi and is connected to one of the RPi GPIO pins. The aim is that the LED should start blinking when ...
H: Can an electron carry only one charge? Sorry if this has been asked before. Could also be a really basic question (new to electrical study). I am a bit confused about the relationship between electrons and charges. So what I understand is this: (1) One coulomb of charge has 6.24 x 10^18 electrons and (2) an electro...
H: Question on Logic circuit and Karnaugh Map I got this question from a university site and thought of attempting it to test my knowledge in Logic circuits, Boolean alg and Karnaugh graph. Problem is, I have been scratching my what logic circuit is coming out; I am not able to translate this into a known Boolean Alge...
H: Make three respective LEDs blink with an LM3914 in dot mode I'm trying to figure out how to make in the below schematic, LEDs D2, D3, and D4 blink respectively while the LM3914 is in dot mode when their on state occurs. Basically this would act like a warning indicating that you should recharge soon, and D1 would j...
H: How much current does a typical multimeter draw to measure resistance? Assuming it's running on a 9V battery like most multimeters are, and the setting is on MegaOhms. How much current will be drawn from the internal battery? AI: Technically, voltage cannot be drawn because its a potential energy between 2 points ...
H: Microcontroller circuit I am using a Stellaris EK-LM4F120XL for a project. The project includes an LCD module, servo motor, ultrasonic ranger and a numpad. The LCD, servo and ranger are rated at 5V operating voltage, and the Stellaris at approx. 3.3V. To have the project powered as a stand alone unit, I have a batt...
H: What effect does duty cycle have on solar maximum power point tracking (MPPT) (and other questions)? I am building a solar MPPT tracker. First of all: what I understood from MPPT is that MPPT units transfer the maximum power available from a solar panel at that time to the load. This can be done by changing the dut...
H: How many pulses are required to charge the capacitor to 20V? A series of current pulses of 10mA amplitude and 2ms duration are applied to an initially-uncharged, 5 uF capacitor. How many pulses are required to charge the capacitor to 20V? I thought of this formula: \$V(t) = 1/C \int\limits_0^{t}idt + v_0\$ \$V(t) =...
H: How do I know if a transformer will output A.C. Or DC? I recently bought a small transformer to transform 230V AC mains to 7.2V DC to power a small IC and relay. I wired it all up, but as far as I can tell, the output is AC rather than the DC I expected. Here is the data sheet for the transformer : http://www.mante...
H: How can they manufacture a high fara capacitor (1F, 100F)? In the theory, the capacitance of a capacitor can be calculated by formulas C = epsilon x A / d. And if we use this formula to calculate the area of a 1F capacitor(with d = 1m), the result of A is a very large number and not really. But in reality, I see th...
H: Why does this circuit keep killing my 555 timers? I have a 555 timer set up in a standard monostable oscillator configuration. Nothing fancy, no modifications whatsoever. I'm driving it with about 12V. If I trigger the 555 with the ground directly, everything works as planned. However. if I connect the collector of...
H: Working of resonance phenomenon How does actually the resonance phenomenon help to receive AM signals in a receiver? AI: A resonant circuit will amplify frequencies at (and closely around) the resonant frequency. It will also subdue frequencies that are not close to the resonant frequency. This means it can be used...
H: How to measure DC Operating Point of a simple transistor circuit Could someone explain to me how to find the DC Operating point of this circuit? I need to find it by running a simulation and probing the circuit, not solving for it mathematically, and I'm not sure how to do that. I know it has to do with the inters...
H: How to wire Mean Well RT-65D power supply? I'm not very familiar with electronics. Especially I have never wired a 230 V power supply manually. There is a Mean Well RT-65D power supply. I have a rubber connector with open wires blue, brown and yellow-green. And I have a consumer which needs 24 V. My suggestion is (...
H: Why does ST recommend 100 nF decoupling capacitors for a 72 MHz MCU? (And not 10 nF.) I've been reading about decoupling capacitors, and I can't seem to understand why ST recommends 100 nF decoupling capacitors on a 72 MHz ARM microcontroller. Usually 100 nF decoupling capacitors are only effective up to about 20-4...
H: Capacitance - Voltage characteristic diagram in a Schottky diode I 've searched the web for that diagram with no satisfactory result. Does a schottky diode has capacitance or not because of very tiny depletion (almost none) zone ? AI: Schottky diodes have pretty constant reverse capacitance with reverse voltage cha...
H: Solid color display on VGA not working I'm trying to get VGA working on my Altera DE0 board using Verilog, but haven't had much luck. It has the same pins as a normal VGA interface except red, green, and blue are all 4 bits each. Here is the logic I've been trying to use to get a solid color to display: module soli...
H: Turn a transistor on when any one of nine LEDs is on using an LM3914 I'm wanting to turn a transistor on when any LED from LED2 through LED10 are on with an LM3914 in dot mode. Basically, I want the transistor to be normally off until at least LED2 begins to light (using dot mode). Edit: there is some confusion wit...
H: Measuring internal resistance of a battery while it's being charged I was startled to hear that there are devices out there that can measure the internal resistance of batteries, in circuit, while the batteries are being (trickle-)charged. For example, Hioki markets industrial IR meters for UPS batteries. The lowes...
H: Microcontroller self-shutdown with MAX682 I have read How to implement a soft power switch controllable by microcontroller? and am wondering if something similar would be possible with a MAX682. What I want, is a device that is turned on by pressing a single button, and that turns itself off. I'm using a PIC16F88, ...
H: Locking up a DC motor with constant supply a bad thing? I am working on a little pen plotter project and for one of my motors (which supports the pen) I have used a small DC motor obtained from an old DVD drive. I have noticed that if I supply a constant 5V to this motor, it "locks up" when the pen comes into conta...
H: High-side switch for 5V load I need to control a 5V 60mA load from an Arduino pin, but as the load has an output (tacho) that I will be reading from the Arduino, it seems I need to connect it as a high-side switch. What would be the best way to do it? I guess I need a P-MOSFET but would I need another NPN or N-MOS...
H: How to calculate cache size? A cache with a line size of L 32-bit words, S number of sets, W ways, and addresses are made up of A bits. Assume that the cache is word addressed, i.e., the low two bits of the address are always 0. If this is a direct-mapped cache of size 16 words, line size 4 words, what is the ...
H: If I connected N numbers of amplifiers each have X gain 'dB" and Y power "dBm", how to calculate total gain and power? sorry for bad description, I am a beginner. my question is just for knowledge and I did not test anything. If I connect for example 3 amplifier , each one has 60 dB gain and 15 dBm power. can we sa...
H: OP amp output not changing ( schematics ) This is a image of most of part of my circuit (555 timer IC is cut from right side)... using the pot (RV1) , I change the non inverting input voltages of the op amps. when non inverting exceeds inverting voltages of the op amps (which is different for different op amps) is...
H: What is the advantage of a switching over a linear power supply? I want to build my own switching power supply. I already know how to make a 10 Ampere Linear supply, and I'm wondering if I should bother. What do I have to learn to do a switching supply? What makes a switching supply better if they both end up givi...
H: 9v battery to parallel 3v LEDs - burnout I'm having an issue in a simple (n00b) LED circuite - ended up burning out a couple of LEDs due to some mistake I'm making, but can't figure out what the error is. I've got a 9v battery, trying to drive two blue LEDs (3.4-3.8v rated, 20mA) in parallel. I calculated necessary...
H: How does a Line Driver actually works? So I've searched for days for information about the 74HC244 line driver. As always, the Datasheet provides raw and not very good information about the actual component :) (I mean, it gives us the temperatures, but not how the actual component works...) Any way, there is very l...
H: sampling rate, data rate and bandwidth I'm new to digital communication. How are the terms data rate and sampling rate related to the term "bandwidth" . Am I missing something here?.Can someone explain me in detail? thanks in advance, phani tej AI: Data rate is the speed at which bytes (or chunks of data) are sent ...
H: How to design a 500 khz sine wave generator? I need to design a 500 khz sine wave generator. Could anyone help? AI: If that is the only frequency you want you could probably design one from scratch. But Analog Devices offers a wide range of DDS generator chips which you can program in serial and will produce any fr...
H: parameter that limits data rate in communication In communication, the maximum data rate that can be achieved is given by Shannon as C=B*log2(1+SNR) bits/sec. Supposing that I've a very high SNR and an infinite bandwidth, then can data be transmitted at infinite rate? If no, then what are the conditions that limi...
H: Clock generation on my PCB I have not a big background in electronics. I am designing a PCB including a MCU (EFM32) and some ICs. I have seen in lots of circuits that they generally add an external Crystal Clock on the board and I wondered why not to use the internal MCU clock to clock the circuit ? I know this que...
H: What is the best way to interface ST7066 lcd controller with Atmel SAM4E I am trying to interface ST7066 LCD controller with Atmel SAM4E MCU, but is quite confused about the best way(Least no. of pins used) to interface them together. Should I use GPIOs or Should I go for Static memory controller. Do it needs any c...
H: Calculation of base current resistor resistance for a transistor operating in switch mode? I have a 9V DC motor and I want to control its speed with an Arduino board with help of a power transistor TIP120. In one of the web-tutorials the writer explains how to calculate the resistor resistance. Here is the link to ...
H: Just I want to understand gain, power, link budget I am a beginner, I am confused about calculating the nessecary gain and power and sensitvity to overcome path loss at certain distances. the first thing what does gain mean ? I am not talkink about identification , but how to use this term ? let say we hav...
H: which devices on network use CSMA/CD CSMA/CD 's definition based on wikipedia is : Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is a media access control method used most notably in local area networking using early Ethernet technology. It uses a carrier sensing scheme in which a transmitting d...
H: Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier can be built with electrolytic capacitor or not i know that capacitor is usually work with ac supply as in dc acts as a open circuit after charging , so can electrolyte capacitor be used in Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier , or it will explode due to sine wave source supply ? ...
H: 555 timer: how to set values to take an hour I'm new (and novice) in electronics. I came to seek your knowledge to see if someone can help me with a very basic circuit. It is a 555 chip, which should light a LED (for about 1/2 second) every hour. I managed to make the circuit diagram with a well known software. My ...
H: Is it possible to amplify near zero signals? Is there an amplifier has an ability to amplify any signal down to -500 dBm? If there is not, can it be possible? If it is not possible, what is the weakest ever signal that can be amplified? AI: Opamps these days are darn good. You can amplify the thermal (Johnson) noi...
H: Does an increase in load current change field winding current? I would like to know if the current in the field winding of a DC generator using a field winding in its stator increase as the load across the output of the generator itself increases. AI: Depends on the configuration of the field coils. A series field ...
H: Very long transmission-line design tips I'm designing a very long transmission line between a master node a some slaves far away connected by a bus where only 3 wires are used: - A DC power supply (24vdc) - B Digital comm - C Ground As there is only a communication wire, half-duplex is mandatory, so all slaves o...
H: There is no 'latch pin' on MC74HC164A shift register Unlike a 74HC595, this shift register (http://www.onsemi.com/pub_link/Collateral/MC74HC164A-D.PDF) doesn't have a latch pin. How then do I output the data stored in the registers (to something like an LED array)? Thanks. AI: The '595 has two sets of latches; one ...
H: Simple PORTA Control via PIC I am trying to setup a simple blinking LED on a PIC18F25K50. I can get RA0 to toggle using LATAbits.LA0 = ~LATAbits.LA0; However, if I try to use LATAbits.LA0 = ~PORTAbits.RA0; The LED stays on. According to the datasheet (among other sources), the PORT register reads the levels o...
H: Timing of delay for autocorrelation processing of a signal When processing a periodic signal to remove noise, by using autocorrelation, a time delay is required. Is there an algorithm that a circuit can "use" to figure out how large this delay needs to be? Does such a circuit - one that can figure out the required ...
H: Voltage not dropping in circuit This schematic shows the circuit that I'm trying to build. At the moment I'm not using V2, as I'm having a problem with V1. From my understanding the diode should drop the voltage by about 0.7V, and the resistor by 1.1V, reducing the Voltage from 2.6 to about 0.8V. The voltage is onl...
H: How can I use "favorite via" during routing with Altium? I've set up a few via favorites within Altium, butI can't seem to figure out how to cycle through the various presets. How can I cycle through favorite via presets during routing ? AI: The worst is spending so much time trying to figure it out, and then aski...
H: Breadboard with high frequency digital signals I'm trying to interface an ADC chip with my FPGA. The ADC is on a breakout board that fits nicely into my breadboard (.1" pin spacing). The clock input from my FPGA into the breakout board is 12.5 MHz. I also have another clock signal going into a pin that's 3 pins ...
H: AVR SPI2X has no effect I've got an ATMega88A configured to run on internal 8MHz clock: lfuse = 0xE2 hfuse = 0xDF efuse = 0x01 F_CPU defined as 8000000 This in confirmed in the 'real world' by blinking an LED with _delay_ms(1000). It's ~1sec, not 8 sec or 1/8 sec. I've attempted to set the SPI to run at Fosc/2 by ...
H: Replace Electret Microphone With Arduino Output I have the following circuit for a simple FM transmitter. I want to replace the electret microphone with a simple tone generated by an Arduino (or equivalent) that will be broadcast over FM radio. Qns: 1) Is this possible to do? 2) How would I go about doing this? (E...
H: What is an antenna amplifier ? How does it add gain? I don't know what exactly does antenna amplifier mean. Is it possible to increase the gain of a Tx antenna ? Where do I connect the antenna amplifier to it ? If, for example, the Tx has a power of 20 dBm , antenna has a gain of 10 dBi & antenna amplifier "repeat...
H: HDD Motor Spinning I'm trying to run a hdd motor using the following link. http://theamateurprogrammer.blogspot.hk/2014/02/revitalizing-old-hard-drive-motors.html Instead of using Audrino I'm using PIC16F73.I tried to recreate the code in MPLAB but I couldn't convert micros() function. Therefore I am trying to cre...
H: Subtracting from lipo cell voltage! I just got a 3s Lipo battery. Lipo battery has a 4 pin connector to plug it into charger or voltage checker. But I don't want to buy a lipo voltage checker, I want to make it. But I have a problem. Let's say a=GND b=1st cell c=2nd cell d=3rd cell so if I read voltage from b it's...
H: Is there any difference between calling for less power and sending less power? This is an "everyday" layman question, not a technical question. I have an AC ceiling fan with three power settings (like some light-bulbs have three brightness settings). I also have a wall switch which is circular rather than on/off. S...
H: How does SMBus receive byte command protocol know what to send? Im programming an I2C device to act as a PMBus slave. Looking at the SMBus protocols (which PMBus is built on) the Receive Byte command has a format described as follows: +---+---------------+---+---+-----------+---+---+ | S | Slave Address | R | A | D...
H: STM32F example for opamp follower mode Does anyone have an STM32F example for opamp follower mode (ideally STM32F3 Discovery)? I can get the PGA working but cannot find out how to connect it in simple follower mode. AI: Got it (I am using OPAMP3): //OPAMP_NonInvertingInput_IO4 < IO4 (PA1 for OPAMP1, PA7 for OP...
H: Logic in displaying numbers in 7 segment 4 digit display what is the logic in displaying desired numbers in 7 segment 4 digit display. Ie, how to know the leg combinations to see the desired number in the display AI: Generally the segments are named a through g, starting with the top segment a, clockwise around to ...
H: Single point vs Ground plane, in audio OP AMP PCB layouts Recently I had posted a seemingly innocent question on another forum. I was trying to keep a small and relatively simple circuit down to a 2 layer board and was asking about the shielding merits of a copper pour tied to analog ground, as opposed to dedicatin...
H: high voltage safety I remember having seen microwave ovens without the earth connection. My first question is : Is it correct that if you touch the MOT transformer chassis, but leave the other terminal floating in air without touching anything, you won't get a shock? Since there is no path for the current to flow b...
H: How do I realize this problem with a digital circuit? I'm trying to design an indicating system for a vehicle if it crosses its speed limit. Of course I'd be using a potentiometer to realize the action of increasing speed. The input is given to the base of a transistor through a zener diode so that I can get a digi...
H: FPGA Test Equipment I mostly have desktop software development background. Trying to learn hardware design. Question: The question is mostly for developers (mostly individual contractors) who develop for any expensive equipments. So suppose I am developing some firmware in VHDL/verilog for some client. Do you alw...
H: How are timers adjusted in a micro-controller? In a 555 Timer the resistors and capacitors determine the frequency and the duration of the timer pulses. How is this actualized in case of a micro-controller timer? AI: Microcontrollers generally use crystals or internal oscillators to generate a reference clock. That...
H: Designing a simple pulse generator I read in many tutorials that the inner clock in a micro controller are less accurate (%10) than the external crystal clock. When I generate variable frequency pulses by using a micro controller does that mean I am suing the inner clock and the pulses are not accurate enough? Some...
H: Determining physical address for logical address I have a simple segmentation system with the following segment table: Starting Address Length (bytes) 660 248 1752 422 222 198 996 604 Determine the physical address for the following logical addresse...
H: Buffer Capacitors What does a buffer do? In the given circuit,it is said that capacitors C1 and C4 act as buffer .What is their role here?Can't we just replace them with pull-down resisrors? AI: For reference the TDA2822M datasheet can be found here. Those capacitors are connected to the power supply pin (pin #2). ...
H: Why do they crimp capacitor leads? Most manufacturers produces crimped and straight lead pairs of their capacitors which has exactly same capacitance and voltage rating. Why do they bother crimping the leads? What advantage does it make? In which cases a crimped lead capacitor should be preferred? AI: Ceramic capac...
H: DC - DC Amplifier for Piezo Buzzer I have a Raspberry Pi outputting a 3.3v DC square wave that I'd like to be able to amplify to just under 20v, the maximum the piezo can handle. Just to clarify, the piezo does not have an internal oscillator and the Pi is outputting at anything from 50Hz to 3kHz to make audible to...
H: How to measure amperate going through a 220V cable? Meta objective: I want to pull up a TV with a winch, when the TV is turned off. I can already move up and down the TV invoked by my controller (Arduino Nano). The physical push-sensor stops the winch automatically. Good so far. Objective of this questions: I don't...