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H: Charge Lithium-Ion batteries using a solar panel in parallel
I want to charge some Lithium-Ion batteries using a solar panel with this loading circuit found on ebay here. Apparently it works fine with just one Li-Ion battery, but I would like to extend the capacity for some more battery life. Can i just connect 2 o... |
H: Potentiometer as Voltage regulator 12V to 6 - 12V range
I am new to electrical engineering and I would like to build simple circuit with potentiometer as voltage regulator.
I have simple circuit, as you can see in attached picture below.
I have 12V/1000 mA DC source connected via potentiometer to LED strip (unfort... |
H: Latch IC for TFT application
This looks little odd to ask here, but I have stuck in situation where I have my hardware ready and unfortunately the footprint used is of some other part no. Due to time constraint, I cant rework with PCB development and I don't want to add floating connections anywhere in hardware.
To... |
H: Is there a "faster" photoelectric beam sensor?
We've been experimenting with some Velleman PEM10D sensors. (So, something like this.)
The main reason chose, was they have a 10m length (we need a good 6m or so).
I have found that, the response is a bit slow for our needs.
So for example: if you drop a basketball th... |
H: attenuated and biased output from op-amp
I've been struggling on build a noninverting amplifier with TL972IP (datasheet).
Here's what I've made:
Orange is for VCC+, Yellow is for VCC-, Green is for GND. Blue is for a signal input. Resistors are for feedback.
As it is hard to see, here's a diagram:
simulate this c... |
H: Is there a "scanning" beam sensor?
As I understand it, photo beam sensors (and perhaps other emission types) work like this...
it occurred to me, it would be great if there was a "scanning" such sensor...
So, it would rotate or swing, at many Hz, over perhaps 90 degrees. (It could rotate mechanically just like a... |
H: What does it mean if an AC motor has two voltage ratings?
On my AC motor nameplate, it says V230/400 (delta/star). I imagine this means that it is compatible with both voltages, but what allows it to do this? How will the performance change for each?
AI: (Assuming you are talking about an induction motor)
Such a mo... |
H: Power rail decoupling caps for analog circuitry
First off, the terminology I'm using could be complete rubbish - I'm still learning
I have a mixed signal board for measuring bio-signals. The 4 layer board will have a split ground plane, analog ground and main ground (for a microcontroller, SD card, extra sensors, e... |
H: What's the main differences between a TSSOP and a SOIC and when would you use one over the other?
I was recently looking at some SPI SRAM chips at Mouser and noticed that a particular IC came in both a SOIC-8 and TSSOP-8 package. The specs seem identical but the price is different (not by much, but different).
Vis... |
H: Does position error from accelerometer still build up quadratically when using Kalman filtering?
I want to implement an inertial navigation system that uses a basic IMU for indoor position tracking. From all the things I've read you need to assist the IMU with something like GPS or other means of position sensing s... |
H: Datasheet assistance request
I'm trying to incorporate a USB-PD controller into my design for a Dual Role Port (DRP). I'm currently building with a Cypress CCG2 24-pin QFN, and using their reference block from the datasheet found here.
Unfortunately, I can not figure out why they have a resistor where I have marked... |
H: What's a reasonable threshold for UVLO?
I see that the TPS61093 UVLO is triggered at 1.55V. However, this boost converter has a threshold of 2.6V. Is 1.55V a bit too low for lipo? If so, how come the TPS61093 is designed this way?
Thanks
AI: Yes, 1.55V is way too low for Li-Ion/LiPo. 2.6V is already on the very edg... |
H: Small signal models of MOS amplifiers
I understand that the equivalent circuits describe the behavior of amplifier for signals of low amplitude that allow us to assume that the circuit behaves linearly.
My questions are:
Why are all the DC voltage and current sources that aren't varying with time zeroed out? I do... |
H: Why are the semiconductor chips (DRAM) volatile
Let me clarify, we all know Dynamic RAM is volatile in nature (it just won't hold data when it's turned off).
I've been searching throughly about why instead of the 'what' about it, I just can't find a technical reason about why it won't hold permanent data.
I would l... |
H: Replacing battery by supercapacitor
I want to replace a battery, which has a load of LEDs and a temperature sensor, with a super capacitor.
How can I calculate the specifications of the super capacitor?
Thanks!
AI: You need four pieces of information
1) How much current do you need (in amps)?
2) How long do you wan... |
H: Most efficient two-way switch relay and/or schottky (or..)
Scenario: On my old military Land Rover I have a three-way pole switch which turns the pilot and tail lights on (top position), or also turns on the headlights (bottom position).
Top: Pilot and rear lights ON
Middle: All lights OFF (unconnected terminal)
B... |
H: Transistor saturation
I am trying to saturate a transistor , a BC547 A , but I am having a hard time figuring out something.What hFE should I use to compute the base and collector current to make it turn on fully?
Here is the datasheet
AI: Use an Hfe of 10 and you'll always saturate the transistor as long as the co... |
H: 2N3055 Power Supply
Could someone explain how this circuit works and how the output is maintained at 12V?
schemstic http://www.radanpro.com/Radan2400/Napajanje/7812+2N3055.jpg
There is very little information on how the circuit works online. I know the 12V output from the 7812 is used to bias the power transistor, ... |
H: I2C - addressing
In the i2c protocol, I would like to know how the slave & master address are assigned. Most of the internet doc talk about how the protocol work, but i wasn't able to find doc about i2c slave & master addressing.
For instance, I want to communicate between my tm4c129 LP and a SparkFun light sensor ... |
H: How Can i Protect my Oscilloscope from high voltages?
I made an oscilloscope with AT90USB series(activated ADC in micro and send data to my own program in PC via USB).I dont need more than 0-5v but you can never tell.I know I can mislead higher voltages with diodes but what if I want to reduce the every high voltag... |
H: Why doesn't the depletion zone cover the entire diode?
When you form a PN junction you're basically closing a circuit so why don't the free electrons in the N and the holes in the P diffuse completely as they would in any other circuit?
AI: Your first pictures show only the 'free moving' things: both parts are elec... |
H: Find charge per unit length of conductors
Sorry if off-topic but I have a question in electrostatics. I didn't get any usefull answer at physics forums. The problem states:
Three very long (theoretically infinite long) hollow cylindrical conductors, with radius a,b,c,(c>b>a) are in vacuum. Inner and central conduct... |
H: What does a capacitor “Series” signifies?
I am an electronics beginner trying to shop online for capacitors but so far I am failing miserably.
My biggest question right now has to do with capacitor series. Below is a list of a couple of capacitor series categories in case I am not being clear on what I am talking a... |
H: LT-Spice RL circuit simulation ill behaved current
I am trying to simulate a RL circuit in DC with LT-spice as follows:
NOTE that the inductance is 0.0229 H although in the picture you see 229
Now, according to my calculation, what I would expect is that, because of the inductor, the current needs some time, say 4... |
H: Why use an antistatic solvent dispenser bottle?
What reasons are there to have an antistatic solvent dispenser bottle (for cleaning your PCBs after soldering) as opposed to a solvent dispenser bottle that is not antistatic rated? I am specifically asking about the kind of bottles that have a stainless steel dispens... |
H: ATTiny 841 PWM at 450kHz
I have managed to output 500kHz PWM at 50% duty cycle on PA2 TOCC1 of ATTiny841.
DDRA = (1 << PA2);//PA2 pin as an output
TOCPMSA0 = (1 << TOCC1S0);//TOCC1 linkage
TOCPMCOE = (1 << TOCC1OE);//Enable PWM
TCCR1A = (1 << COM1A1) | (1 << WGM11);//Fast PWM 1110
TCCR1B = (1 << CS10) | (1 << WGM12... |
H: How do I design a through-hole pad in Altium Designer?
I want to define a custom component (TO92 temperature sensor) in Altium Designer with through-hole pads (0.7mm hole diameter, 1.27mm pitch). What is the right way to do this? I I created the schematics (all fine) and PCB library entries. I ran into the problem... |
H: Are radio stations with higher frequency able to transmit higher quality audio?
e.g. a radio station at 100 mhz on FM vs a 50 mhz radio station. Wouldn't the latter have a lower bandwidth therefore lower quality audio/bit rate? If this is true, this must also mean that 2.4ghz router has less bandwidth capacity than... |
H: How come 2 MOSFET chips are needed in protection circuits?
Like those here, the protection boards have at least 2 MOSFET chip (AO8814). Does anyone know why so many (4 fets) are needed?
AI: If the switches are connected in parallel (as indicated in one of the comments, ie the two SOURCES are linked via the PCB) it ... |
H: Why do most of the non-volatile memories have logical 1 as the default state?
I have used non volatile memory, like EEPROM and FLASH memory, in embedded applications and I have always found that unused memory (EEPROM/FLASH) bit locations are always set to 1 by default. Why is this used instead of 0?
For example an ... |
H: Connector Selection Criteria
I have seen a friend place an RJ45 connector at the output of RS232Mux on a board he developed and then make another PCB with RJ45 connector and 3 RJ11 connectors so that muxed connection can be connected to respective devices.
I wonder what is the criteria for selection of a particular... |
H: Drop Voltage using Resistor: is it practical?
I should probably say that this a basic question, I don't know much about this stuff, please don't be too hard on me.
Ok so I kind of thought it would be fun if I could light up 12V halogen lamps using 220V power supply, so I did a few calculations:
The bulb is rated at... |
H: How to replace a SMD capacitor on a raspberry pi?
(Note: also posted first in raspberrypi stackexchange, but not a single answer yet)
While desoldering the GPIO, I accidentally broke the capacitor C13 of my raspberry pi model B (2011.12 Rev7).
It is the capacitor between RG3 and the GPIO pins.
Looking up the schema... |
H: Sign of current through a voltage source
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
I am a total newbie to circuits, so please forgive my naivety. My question is the following:
When I simulate the above circuit in LTspice, the current across the voltage source is shown to be negative (-.05). That ... |
H: tube amp power transformer
I am trying to build a 18w amplifier based on this schematic
however my power transformer doesn't have a center tap on the secondary winding
Is it possible to use this power transformer for this project?
I also tried it using a solid state rectifier (the one with 4 pins: - AC AC +) conne... |
H: Altium: PCB ground plane and routing
OK so I've been asking around and reading how to connect ground pins to ground. Some said create vias to the ground planes. But should I do that for every pin? Because sometimes when I create via to each component then route their connection on the ground plane, the net line do... |
H: calculate unknown source potential
In order to prepare for an exam in electro technics I have a specific task:
I have the following measurements of an unknown circuit:
\$(1)\quad U_{2(1)} = 4.28V \quad @ I_{(1)}=0.67A \$
\$(2)\quad U_{2(2)} = 1.38V \quad @ I_{(1)}=4.91A \$
Now I have to calculate the internal resis... |
H: Is there a reason for the shape surge arrests have?
Why do surge arrest typically looks like this ?
I found one of the reason is to prevent ingress of water by using slippery rubber material but it does not explain the reason for the shape of the surge arrest.
AI: It is to increase the length of the surface path ... |
H: LiPO reverse polarity protection with PFET & charger
I am trying to use a PFET to protect my circuit against reverse polarity like such:
Now I would like to add a LiPo charger to this circuit. Can I just add it after the PFET (@+Vbatprotected)? Will the charge current be able to flow "backwards" through the PFET?
... |
H: Transformer temperature rating
I'm building a power monitor (so I get notifications if the power is lost in one of the inputs). To monitor it safely, I used these 220/12 0.35VA transformers (http://www.hahn-trafo.com/english/pcb-transformers-bv20.php), I have them in a row one next to another. The transformers each... |
H: What happens if we give a command to LCD to print something without clearing the initial data it is displaying? Does it overwrite the previous data?
I've just started with embedded systems. Although, lcd should be cleared to print new values, but I read a code which was working even without clearing lcd.
EDIT: The ... |
H: Is it normal that a clock divider made with ring johnson counter has output Undefined if clk starts high?
I'm making a frequency divider and the easiest way is to use a johnon's counter with D flip flop. The point is that if I make the clk start high, the counter has undefined output, while if I make the clk start ... |
H: How to wire circuit DC Motor with LED
I'm trying to learn a bit more about forward voltage and Ohm's law but I'm not sure how to wire this circuit.
I have:
One 4.5 DC motor (Operating Volts: 1.5- 4.5V, Nominal Volts: 4.5V, Current (no load): 0.25A)
Three 5mm LEDs (IF Typical (mA)20, IF Max Continuous (mA)50, VF T... |
H: Apparent power meaning
As far as i have read v(rms) is a dc value and i(rms) is also a dc value and apparent power is multiplication of both of them.so,can apparent power be represented as dc power absorbed by an ac circuit.am i guessing right?
AI: When you are considering any AC circuit, Power depends upon the pha... |
H: See my prototype electronic board w/connectors. Is it acceptable as a commercial product by Western standards?
Does this prototype meet a commercial standard for acceptability--knowing that it is a prototype? In other words, will my Western (USA) customer be upset when he sees it, or will it go by unnoticed as ano... |
H: PIC32 does not have Memory Managment Unit, why would a high end microcontroller not have such a peripheral
MMU is needed to run Linux and perhaps for other tasks related to OS. However, the PIC32 does not have one of these. Why would someone make a high end microcontroller and not include a MMU?
It may make sense f... |
H: IC Thermal shutdown recovery time
Many RS485 transceiver chips have a thermal shutdown when the junction exceeds 150C. Typically they switch back on once the junction temperature drops 15 degrees.
How long does that typically take?
Since the power is dropping to near zero, and junction to case thermal resistance is... |
H: What are some good Electrical and Electronics blogs worth following?
This is a soft question. I am newly admitted to Electronic and Electrical engineering . Under this branch there are multiple domains from which I may work in one of them in the future.
For knowing where is my particular interest in one of such pa... |
H: Exact definition of overshoot
I am a computational biologist and am working on some aspects of control theory in biological systems. Since control theory concepts are not well known among biologists, I need a good standard reference for certain terms. I was thinking of citing a control theory textbook. Now I have a... |
H: Tube amp low voltage
I am building a 18W tube amplifier based on this layout. I found a schematic for a similar amp.
my problem is that there is low plate voltage on all of the tubes (by plate I mean pin 3): when I measure the pins without the tubes it's around 120V and with the tubes it drops to ~17V. there is cle... |
H: Resistor circuit problem
I am having trouble with a circuit:
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
I must calculate the voltage across R1.My answer is to first compute the current running across R1 and R4 , the two forming a series circuit:
6V/(1k+2k)ohms=0,002A
Then I calculate the voltage d... |
H: NVIC on ARM CPUs
Can we look at NVIC peripheral on ARM CPUs like some sort of thread? Main application is executing, and at the same time NVIC peripheral doing her own work? Or all of that is single thread application. Can someone explain if I am wrong, where and why?
AI: I came from an Java background into embedde... |
H: additional resistance required to produce a potential drop
A wire of length 100cm is connected to a cell of emf 2V and negligible internal resistance. The resistance of the wire is 3Ω. The additional resistance required to produce a potential drop of 1 millivolt/m?
The answer is 57 ohms.Could someone explain?
AI: I... |
H: Math of capacitor current/voltage when connecting capacitor to battery
I think I'm missing something fundamental in the math surrounding capacitors.
Suppose I have a 1 F capacitor that is not charged. The voltage across its terminals is 0 V.
Now suppose I connect a 1 V battery to it. The voltage across its termin... |
H: A question on precise resistor measurement for current loops
For a current outputting device I’m using a data acquisition board which can only measure voltages.
To translate the currents to voltages I use similar to the following shunt resistor:
http://docs-europe.electrocomponents.com/webdocs/13ec/0900766b813ecc53... |
H: USB to 3v converter to power a battery powered FM transmitter?
I have a SCOSCHE FM Transmitter which practically eats up 2xAAA batteries, I was thinking of using my TV's USB power for the transmitter. My search lead me to this 3 in 1 DC-DC USB 5V to 3.3V Step-Down Buck Module, now my questions are:
a). Will it be o... |
H: Fix a broken Power Supply using existing connector (Newbie)
I am hoping to attempt to fix my childrens ride on electric car as the power supply was left charging and has cracked / broken (see pics).
I am completely new to electronics, but was hoping to replace the power supply and get the car working again.
The p... |
H: Different time constants for charging and discharging of a circuit with a constant current source and a capacitor
Consider a circuit that only has a constant current source and a capacitor. The voltage across a capacitor is proportional to the integral of the current I, times time. Since the current is constant it ... |
H: Why is an op-amp necessary for photo detecting circuit generally?
I am trying to build a photodetecting circuit with a photodiode Hamamatsu Si PIN photodiode S6036
As I don't have much knowledge about circuit, I think a reverse voltage supply and a resistor are enough to build the circuit:
But, when I googled for ... |
H: Is It Safe To Turn On a Dropped Laptop
My mother threw my Macbook out the windows and it landed on a flower pot. It has stayed intact however I'm reluctant to turn it on at risk of the hard drive getting damaged.
Is it safe to power it up, or should I have it sent for inspection first?
AI: If there is valuable pers... |
H: Malfunctioning H-Bridge
A PCB that I designed just came in (schematic pictured below). After soldering the components in, some things are happening that I don't understand. Most importantly, one part of the circuitry, an H-Bridge is used, however, at JP2 pin one has a voltage of .8v rather then 12v that the circuit... |
H: Any clever way to provide 3.3V with good current output from a 9V battery?
I'm sorry for any English mistakes as I'm not used with using it when talking about technical stuff.
I have been using some ESP8266 WiFi modules with Arduino Mega for a project. They work with 3.3V Vcc but require some good amount of current... |
H: Is there a shared lead AND Gate IC?
Hi I'm an electronics hobbyist still learning some basics of digital logic.
I'm looking into building an arduino shield, but I want the arduino pinouts I'm using to be accessible when the shield is not enabled(by a single control pin). I know I could just wire up one lead of each... |
H: Wavelength in real life
How to understand term wavelength of radio wave in real life. What this column 'Wavelength range' means to us in real life?
I theoretically understand what it is (distance between two successive peaks in signal), but cannot imagine what is it in real life.
AI: Sorry, but It is not clear wh... |
H: PCIe, diagnosing and improving an eye diagram
I have implemented a design that uses PCIe. It is somewhat different in that the PCIe interface is used as a chip-to-chip communication lane on a single PCB (e.g. no PCIe connector).
The root complex device is a Freescale i.MX6 which is PCIe Gen 2 compliant and the dev... |
H: Signal of qubits
In the basics of digital electronics , I learned that 0 means there is no electronic signal and 1 means the electronic signal is present. All the electronic circuits works on the same mechanism i.e. 1 & 0.
But while surfing on internet, I found DWave Quantom computer, it uses qbit, i.e. it will be ... |
H: What is the "thing" that produce radio waves
From the best of my knowledge, radio signals are generated through some "oscillating" device and are propagated through an antenna.
The signal transmits throughout vacuum and experience some attenuation in dense media.
The receiver which is another antenna has a filter... |
H: Wiring multiple peltier units
First of all this question relates to powering Peltier units and not the physical relationship.
I have two Peltier units and a 320w 12v supply similar to this the units are TEC12715. They are physically arranged in next to one another(parallel) and I have wired them in series; they are... |
H: How do car trackers communicate?
So i was thinking, How do car trackers or long distance (over 100kms) remote control communicate to their central commands,? Do they use the cell phone network? what could one require to set up such a network?
AI: Most tend to use cell phone networks and while there are a few differ... |
H: Is it safe to pass 240AC power through the ACS712 current sensor?
I'm trying to build a little Arduino circuit to automatically turn on a dust collector when my saw is on and drawing power.
My plan is to use an ACS712 current sensor (30 amps) to detect and transmit current changes to an Arduino and let the Arduino ... |
H: Help with understanding strange capacitor configuration arrangement
I am on a chapter of my electronics beginner’s book where the author talks about the PICAXE microcontroller. One of the first things the author mentions in this chapter is to make sure that the PICAXE microcontroller power source capacitor configur... |
H: Balancing current with resistors when driving parallel strings of series LEDs with constant current
I'm designing a light source that will employ a grid of LED emitters powered by constant current drivers. The LEDs will be laid out in a parallel/series combination, in rows of 8 emitters in series, with 3 rows in pa... |
H: Increase minimum PWM duty cycle for high resolution PWM
I'm working on a project involving driving LEDs at a 20kHz PWM frequency with 1024 bit resolution. I've calculated that the minimum pulse time, (1/frequency)/resolution, would result in a minimum pulse time of ~50ns, which means I need rise and fall times of <... |
H: Single wire (no ground wire) long distance low frequency communication
In a cave we are currently exploring, there is a temporary siphon that sometimes blocks our way.
I was thinking about monitoring it (pressure sensor or other level sensor at the siphon, transmitter via mobile phone outside the cave.)
The problem... |
H: Reading of ammeter
In my university, we are using these ammeters to measure current:
What do the top series of numbers show (0-0.6/1.2), and what do the bottom series of numbers show (0-3/6)?
AI: Whichever setting you turn the knob to, the maximum reading is that many amps. If you set the knob to 0.6 then read th... |
H: Transistor H-Bridge Help
I have designed this H-Bridge Circuit using two NPN transistors and two PNP transistors.
My plan is to use an Arduino to control the base current in all of the transistors.
My supply voltage is 12V, and that is where the problem arises.
With 12V at the emitter of a PNP transistor, the 3.3V ... |
H: Can I combine <= and = in a always @ clock block?
I want to implement this approximate(*) absolute difference design in a clock block and I want to calculate it within one single clock cycle:
(*): Approximate because it's correct at an error of 1 (for instance, |61 - 63| = 1).
I could do:
tmp <= ina - inb;
... |
H: DC Block/high pass filter
I'm looking to design a DC blocking capacitor for an eternal antenna, to ensure no DC voltage can pass to the antenna.
Is this the correct way to simulate it, with the probe between the capacitor and resistor?
Thanks
https://www.falstad.com/circuit/circuitjs.html?ctz=CQAgjOB0CcCsDMYBMsCmB... |
H: How to implement digital filter that will attenuate the voltage over certain ranges in my voltage-temperature plot
I have a temperature sensing circuit that has a "somehow linear" output voltage over the range 20-80 °C.
I plan to use an 8-bit ADC to have a digital representation of the voltages. However, the ADC s... |
H: Connecting PET films electrodes to PCB
I have a plastic PET film that has been sputtered with silver (electrode)
I'm trying to connect the electrode to the PCB (there are pads in the PCB).
What is the best way to achieve high conductivity without pushing the film electrodes (the thickness of silver is 50nm). I've t... |
H: How to solder a single wire into multiple cups in a D-SUB connector?
The question title says it all: I need one wire in the cable to connect to 3 cups in a D-SUB connector.
How do I best do this?
Do I solder the cups together with a blob of solder?
Do I bridge the cups with additional wires?
Do I split the cable wi... |
H: How to design PI controllers for two cascaded control loops?
Let's say I have following cascaded control loops:
inner current control loop with bandwidth \$\omega_{bw_{1}}\$ (PI controller \$R_{i_{s_{d}}}\$)
outer flux control loop with bandwidth \$\omega_{bw_{2}} = 0.1\cdot\omega_{bw_{1}}\$ (PI controller \$R_{\p... |
H: Voltage gain of a differential amplifier with tail resistor
Suppose the following differential amplifier:
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
To calculate the differential gain, I take advantage of node P being an AC ground and I draw the half circuit small signal model:
simulate this circu... |
H: Circuit to reset a 4017 decade counter to 1
I have a need for a circuit with cascading outputs such as a 4017 chip. I want every output to be able to reset the circuit using a jumper. I was thinking to make a pcb with solder jumpers so one gets to choose which of the outputs resets the circuit by soldering one of t... |
H: Using an oscilloscope to measure the gain of an op-amp circuit (with capacitors)
I have an upcoming laboratory exam where we have to construct an op-amp circuit (from our experiments the circuits were always varied and probably will be a bit more difficult on our exam.)
We are always asked to measure the circuit's ... |
H: Identification of a circuit element
Here is the image:
What does the triangle with a bubble on one of its sides represent?
AI: Try this for size: -
Image from here. Here's a truth table and picture: -
Image from here. |
H: What is happening when a signal is acquired at exactly Nyquist frequency?
So I am doing some some simulations with 1V sinusoidal signals, and a 1 second acquisition at sampling frequency of 100 kHz.
Now I am slowly increasing the frequency of the sinusoidal signal. Trying 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 20 kHz, 40 kHz... Everything... |
H: Phase Constant of Transmission Lines when R, G, L and C values are unknown
A lossless transmission line of length 0.57 m is connected to a vector network analyser. When terminated in a short circuit the input impedance was measured to be: Zin (s/c) = j45 Ω. When terminated in an open circuit the input impedance wa... |
H: Virtual ground circuit capacitor's function?
What is the function of the capacitors in this virtual ground circuit?
I've read on the fly that C75 is to maintain a linear impedance for higher frequencies, but under which conditions I don't know.
And the purpose of C40? What is it for? On what depends its capacitanc... |
H: Is it safe to connect metal body capacitors with a metal heatsink?
I have multiple metal case capacitors that I need to cool. The thermal tape I use is conductive (carbon based). Also larger heatsink on the left might touch capacitors on the left side. The question is, is it safe to do so? I assume that yes, becaus... |
H: How can get my LM2776 simulation in KiCAD working
I'm a beginner to both KiCAD and PCB design. I'm using KiCAD 6.0 on a mac. I'm trying to learn simulation and although the simulation basics seem straightforward enough, I have trouble importing models.
The above is my sample circuit. Now, it may include obvious fl... |
H: What is the min and max input voltage range of a buck converter to maintain efficiency above 90%
I want to design a stepdown converter from 72V lithium ion battery to 12V, 5A. I am torn between using a flyback converter and a buck converter. Which topology will give me maximum efficiency at that power level?
AI: I ... |
H: Steer multiple LEDs with one microcontroller pin
I want to show a program state with LEDs. There are 22 steps, each step is represented by an LED.
only one LED is on at a time
the sequence is set (forward or backwards).
I have only one pin left on my MCU, maybe two.
Basically, I'd like to have the pin work as a '... |
H: Is there a way to simulate this in LTspice?
There is a clock (pulse generator) and a component or a model will increase its output 10 mV at each rising edge of the pulse generator. In other words the black waveform will generate the green one below:
How can this be done?
AI: How can this be done?
If you just want... |
H: Why does differential op-amp require mid-point biasing at its input to prevent clipping?
There's an AC signal, 1 V amplitude, which is the input to an op-amp, in differential mode:
However, the output gets clipped and the amplitude isn't unity for some reason, even though gain is set to be 1.
To "fix" this clippi... |
H: Understanding shutdown mode in STM32L47
I am using an STM32L476 for my application and want to use shutdown mode to conserve the battery life of the device.
I was going through the reference manual and found the following:
Shutdown mode: VCORE domain is powered off. All clocks in the VCORE domain are stopped, the ... |
H: Filters: what kind of capacitor?
Until recently, I (foolishly) believed that the capacitance of a given capacitor was the capacitance given by the datasheet +- the tolerance.
I recently learned about the DC derating of MLCC (multi-layer ceramic capacitors), which can be quite huge (I have seen some with 80% reducti... |
H: COM port not recognised by bootloader application PIC18F452
I want to program my PIC18F452 from long distances using a SIM808. by searching in the net I found out that I should follow this procedure:
I should write two different programs in the micro: a bootloader program and the main program.
The bootloader progra... |
H: Boolean function of digital comparator
The boolean equation or function for a binary digital comparator is (A3&~B3)|| (x3&A2&~B2)|| (x3&x2&A1&~B1)|| (x3&x2&x1&A0&~B0).
This equation is considered to be the correct digital comparator.
But according to me (A3&~B3)|| (A2&~B2)|| (A1&~B1)|| (A0&~B0) gives the same resul... |
H: RPM of 100% Efficient Motor?
This is considering an ideal scenraio where we have a 100% efficient motor at all RPMs.
If we start with $$\omega=\frac{P_{Mech}}{\tau}$$
Since the motor is provided with eletrical power, the mechanical power will be some multiple of this power. $$\omega=\frac{VI\eta}{\tau}$$ Now we let... |
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