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H: External power for Raspberry Pi USB device The Raspberry Pi's USB ports can only supply about 100ma of 5V current; this comes directly off the 5V input power to the board. The usual solution is to use a powered hub to support devices that need more of that, but I have an application where I have a single USB devi...
H: Using normal diodes to rectify high frequency waveforms Recently I was try to rectify the output of an “electronic transformer” using an ordinary rectifier diode 1N4007. The output of this device is bursts of frequency around 50kHz, with an envelope of 100Hz and RMS 15Volt measured by scope. Under these conditio...
H: Logic phase shift detection I have two logic signals that can be in two different configurations as shown in the image below. I would like to output a third signal that is HIGH for case A and LOW for case B. How can I accomplish this? AI: XOR both signals, the pulse train and the state one. Use this result as the ...
H: I know how to program, how do I learn how to wire things up? I'm computer science student, I know: some basic VHDL program in C or assembler basic electrical laws (ohm law, kirchhoff, ..) basic electronic parts (diode, tranistor, ..) What I don't know are those practical things like: where to put pull up resis...
H: Control RGB LED without microcontroller I have an RGB LED that I'd like to change from green to red when a circuit is completed. While I know this is very simple with tools like an Arduino, I'd love to not use a microcontroller. Would it be possible using basic components (which can certainly include transistors,...
H: Detecting length of button-press using a microcontroller I'm interested in creating a seek button panel (2 buttons - back and forward) that will connect with my Android's native music player, similar to the CD player in my car. I'd like for the buttons to have dual-operations: Seek backwards/forward in the duratio...
H: Best transistor to use for audio amplifier This term, we will be designing an audio amplifier. So far in our lecture, we are still at BJT and based from what I've heard, FETs will just be partly discussed unlike the thorough one on BJT. Anyway, I would like to have an idea this early so I can plan on what transisto...
H: How can I simulate contamination delay in VHDL? Propagation delay is simple to implement: Out <= '1' after 3ns; I tried to add contamination delay as such: Out <= '1' after 3ns; Out <= 'X' after 1ns; so that Out would become undefined and then switch properly. However, in simulation I only observe the final ass...
H: cross clock domain databus I asked a question some time ago about crossing clock domains Design practice crossing clock domains and async signals. One of the "rules" is to never synchronize multi-bit signal bit-by-bit, because of timing glitches between individual bits. I have now a design, where I need to cross a...
H: Empty Netlist Vivado Design Suite I am dealing with synthesis of verilog sources using Vivado Design Suite 2013.3 tool for the first time. The behavior of my design is correct as verified by the pre-synthesis simulation. My problem is that once I perform the synthesis, the resulting netlist is empty and this is co...
H: Solving two op amps I have the following circuit: I have to solve for VO. I know that the input voltage to the left op amp is -1 at both terminals and -2 for the right op amp. I also know that the input current to both is 0. However, I don't know where to start to find VO. Can someone point me in the right directi...
H: How a PC with an RS232 port read serial data coming from a device with an RS-485 output? We have a program in Windows OS which is capable of reading serial data from an RS232 port or USB ports. We have a device which is only using RS485 communication (2 wire-half duplex). Is there a way to use DB9 cable for readin...
H: What benefit is there in synchronizing my switching supply to the system clock Working on a power supply design, some of these integrated buck/boost all-in-one dc/dc switching supplies have selectable switching frequency and some can synchronize to an external clock. What benefit can be found from synchronizing my ...
H: Bidirectional 5 V to 3.3 V level shifter How do I interface 3.3 V Input/Output to 5 V Output/Input? I need it primarily for an Arduino Due but any general purpose bidirectional circuit (or IC) would work. Some people advised me to use the SN74AHC125 and CD4050 ICs, but I don't understand how they work or how to int...
H: 0-12V Adjustable Home Made DC Source not working I have a home made dc source that is made a few years ago. Solders at the back of the board are very bad so I can not track the connections very good. But it's circuit diagram is very similar to the following diagram. Solders of connections of pot was broken off. I...
H: What is referred to as CMOS sensor rolling shutter width? I know what a rolling shutter is. But what is referred to as the "rolling shutter width"? Wikipedia: CMOS sensor: Active pixel sensor Rolling Shutter I don't think Focal Plane Shutter is related because I don't think a mechanical shutter is used. I am not 10...
H: How to get input voltage of 5 and 6 volts I have an interesting problem in building something with robotics. I am using a PIC16F877A micro-controller to control the robot. The motors of the robot require 6 volts and the PIC requires 5 volts. I was wondering if there was an easy way to get both of these required ...
H: Resistance of a semiconductor diode When we calculate the dynamic resistance \$r=(\frac{dv}{dI})\$, for any n-p junction, how is it different from the normal resistance \$R=\frac VI\$? Does the equation for the voltage drop (The fermi potential drop, and not the absolute Galvani potential) work if we use the dynami...
H: Component polarity markings Ok, I have my capacitor 4700 mikes should more than do the trick. I have my diode, soldering iron, jumpers and leads. Then I realized its been so long since I've installed solid state components I forgot how to do it. So 3 quick questions for clarification. The painted end of the diode ...
H: Question about analog and digital ground planes I am using a microcontroller with an integrated DAC. On my 4 layer PCB, I have connected the digital and the analog ground planes below the microcontroller. The microcontroller and the DAC are supplied by a 3.3V regulator. The DAC amplifier is supplied by a 5V regula...
H: How to calculate the Voltage on the scheme with inverted amplifier? Given input 1mA and resistances: 1kOmh and 100Ohm. Find the V[exit]. My try: V[on R1] = I[R1]*R1 = 1V As long as R2 "grounded" the I=0A and U=0V The difference in Voltage between "-" and "+" should be 0. How to solve it? AI: Given V- = V+ = 0V an...
H: Do high power through hole resistors need a heat sink I'm using the following resistor: click. To be precise, the MCKNP05SJ050KAA9 found here. From what I've been able to determine, my device is the MCKNP 500-S, measuring in with a length of 17.5 mm and diameter of 6.5 mm. Now, I'm wondering whether it is first of ...
H: Emulating 2.4 GHz transmission without ICs I'm looking for a way to emulate 2.4G transmission without using complex IC components like nrf51/24. I imagine a gramophone recording, but broadcasted on 2.4 GHz into space. No need to receive anything, just send into the wild. Is it technically possible to pre-record the...
H: CAN bus ESD protection For a CAN bus application, is it correct to connect an ESD protection IC to GND, or chasis of the device? AI: The point of ESD protection is to give high voltages an easier path to ground than through the sensitive components on the board. In general, the protection devices will thus be conne...
H: Reducing voltage for solid state relay I have a solid state relay which wants a 1.25-2.5V "activation" input, but my output from the micro controller is 5V. Is it possible to use a zener diode for this? Or do I need a buck converter? I don't know how small/big the resistance or current through the relay is, but if ...
H: Mathematical proof that RMS voltage times RMS current gives mean power I know this is true because I read it in a reputable source. I also understand intuitively that power is proportional to the square of voltage or current for a resistive load, and that the "S" in RMS is for "square". I am seeking a hard mathemat...
H: reason(s) to use a 10-bit ADC instead of a 12-bit ADC? I think this question almost answers itself, but I've learned that's not always the case. It appears from my somewhat brief googling and catalog-trawling that Microchip sells the 3008 and 3208 ADCs. Other than the resolution itself, are there any meaningful d...
H: How to place a 7805 voltage regulator on a breadboard? I have this breadboard and I have started experimenting with pic micros. In doing so I have needed a 5 volt power supply. I have seen several tutorials for wiring up 5 volt regulator circuits on a breadboard, however when I try to hook up the 7805 on the brea...
H: Using the offset NULL on an omp amp I'm trying to get my head around how the offset NULL works for an op amp. I think i'm getting somewhere with it. The op amp i'm using is the TL081 from this datasheet: http://www.futurlec.com/Datasheet/Linear/TL084CN.pdf I understand that the input offset is the voltage of the o...
H: Are there other uses for the value of RMS current besides heating computations? For most purposes I've personally encountered, RMS current and voltage have been useful only for computing heat losses in a resistor. Do RMS current or voltage have other applications besides computing heat loss? AI: RMS is nearly alway...
H: Magic smoke released from DIY PSU... but why? I'm starting to learn what I can about electronics, and recently decided to follow this (and similar) guides to building a bench power supply out of an ATX PSU: http://www.instructables.com/id/Convert-A-Computer-Power-supply-to-a-Bench-Top-Lab/step3/Presenting-The-Power...
H: What seven segment display do I have? I'm having a surprisingly hard time figuring out which seven segment display I have on a board I'm looking at. It is common anode, as there is one pin tied directly to Vcc. It's like this, except rotated 90 degrees (the pins are vertical, along the sides): Assuming pin 1 is in...
H: Reporting crashes/resets in Embedded Systems(8 bit) I'm using PIC controllers, and I have used watch dog timers to trigger a reset in case of the s/w gets stuck somewhere, and also to support in case of severe hardware crashes. I think that resetting the CPU is good, but reporting the crash should also be a very go...
H: Subtraction using adder circuit I need some really basic help here. Can I use a 4bit adder chip as a subtracter by using the 2's complement for the number to be subtracted? AI: In 2's complement, negation can be achieved by inverting a number and adding one (ie -A = ~A + 1). To subtract a number B from A, invert B,...
H: problems using atmega644pv jtag pins as gpio I've been trying to use port C pins on an atmega644pv as gpio, and have been running into some trouble. as far as i can discern, it seems like the middle four pins (PORTC 2,3,4,5) are stuck in a high impedance state (used a screwdriver to short them the outer four pins, ...
H: Preemptive Interrupts and "Context Switching" In RTOS, when a Higher Priority task becomes Ready to Run, it stops or preempts currently running (Lower Priority) task and start executing itself. Before switching tasks, RTOS saves required data related to lower priority task (Context Switching) Coming to my question...
H: Where have the 8 bit sound chips gone? I know it's 2014 and you can get an MP3 player and 40 bazillion terabytes on a microscopic chip. But I want to build a 6502 based retro computer and, in a perfect world, I would order up about 200 SID chips. Anyway, are there any mass produced audio chips these days that clos...
H: A question on how the transistor works Now I am not getting how the second equation is made. Because how can you measure VBC? Because then it will be like measuring the potential difference between two split wires... Something like this... So is that possible? AI: You can measure the voltage between any two point...
H: Changing I2C address I need to connect two Si114x light sensors to one I2C bus. I don't have them physically yet. Every sensor has the same I2C address, so connecting them with the default settings would mean a conflict. However, the datasheet (http://www.silabs.com/Support%20Documents/TechnicalDocs/Si114x.pdf) men...
H: Possible uses of a MELF resistor? I have been doing some net-surfing on Farnell's website and stumbled upon a section called MELF Surface Mount Resistors According to Wikipedia, this package family has a rather funnily sounding de-abbreviation Most End up Lying on the Floor, since they are extremely easy to lose...
H: How should I use rotary switches and resistor networks to uniquely relate each possible combination of switch settings to an analog voltage? I'm designing a switched-mode power supply. I need to give my users the ability to set a voltage setpoint, with a range of approximately 200-800V, and at least 4V of resolutio...
H: Creating a specific volt/current "test load" Working on a complex power supply, but to test its limits I would like to create a set of test loads of specific voltage/current. There are several devices for creating a set load, but they seem to start in the $300+ level. I've found a circuit for creating a "dynamic lo...
H: magnetics for ethernet PIC18f I need to add ethernet connectivity to a PIC18f66j60. The datasheets tells about magnetics. But I know only very little about that. Do you know any surface-mount magnetics suitable for this use ? I look for external magnetics. MagJacks are not an option. Thanks EDIT : I've found a lo...
H: Trouble simulating Colpitts in Multisim I've been trying to get a Colpitts oscillator to work with multisim, following this schematic, which I found in a book (I just copied it): Yet, it does not work, all I get is a 0 voltage signal from the oscilloscope. The same circuit, simulated in LTSpice, worked fine: So,...
H: Reversing car battery's polarities I had to charge my car battery two days ago. I used another car's battery to do so. I accidentally reversed polarities (+ with -) and vice verse. There were very strong sparks. I was trying to understand the reason behind it mathematically, but I couldn't find any reason behind t...
H: Why are there only four passive elements? I've read that there are four types of passive elements: resistances, capacitors, inductors and memristors. The memristor was predicted 30 years before it was produced. But why couldn't you invent other type of passive element? Is there a proof? The definition I'm using of ...
H: Voltage regulator middle pin not soldered to the board Today I noticed that my Arduino board only has two of the pins of the voltage regulator hooked up. I thought I understood how it worked, but I must be missing something. Why isn't the middle pin hooked up to anything? Was it always like this or did I break it?...
H: Wiring multi node devices with i2c I wanted to confirm that my approach is correct for wiring multiple devices together communicating over I2C when each node is utilizing DC\DC converters. Should I be including a ground connection over the I2C cable (#1) or would that cause a ground loop with the main 20 foot GND c...
H: Does all bluetooth modules support RFCOMM? I am about to order a Bluetooth module and I wonder if RFCOMM is such a basic feature that it is always (or close to always) supported in Bluetooth modules? Let's say for Bluetooth 2.0+. Previously this has never been a problem, and it have always been there, but this migh...
H: What is the maximum current a human body can bear? Which causes death of human when a certain amount of current passes through him? And what is the maximum current a human can bear? AI: 10mA through the heart can be enough to kill a person, regardless of voltage. Normally, your skin has very high resistance. But if...
H: Why is a Transistor called a Transistor? Okay now I know how a transistor works, but how can it transfer resistance? I am not getting it because all I know about Transistors is that "A Transistor is used to control the flow of current in a Secondary circuit using a Primary circuit." But how does it transfer resista...
H: How does electricity represent sound? I understand that AC electricity can travel through wires to represent sound. But, to be honest, I can't find a good explanation of it. Here are my questions: How exactly is this setup? Does voltage represent decibels or W/m2? Does the frequency of the current have a 1:1 ratio ...
H: How does a capacitive receiver work for a fox and hound set? I have been scouring the internet trying to find this answer, I've found hints and ideas, but nothing concrete, like an actual theory of operation. I'm making a fox and hound wire tracer for my final project in ECE 202. The signal generation isn't hard, I...
H: PIC:how can we get 1 ms interrupt using 16bit timer? I am using PIC24FJ256GB106 controller.I am setting configuration bit for internal frequency to FNOSC_FRCPLL. I have confusion to this configuration bits that Am i getting 8MHZ or 16MHZ or 32MHZ ? if I want timer(16bit) interrupt at every 1 ms then which frequency...
H: Difference between Voltage source and Current source? So what's the difference between a Voltage source and a Current source? Aren't they the same? Because after all they are related with the formula \$V = IR\$. So it means that If we produce a voltage, there should be a current and vice-versa. So really what's the...
H: How to write VHDL program to send command to PS2 device I'm using Quartus II 13.0sp1, DE1 Board for testing, and Cyclone II FPGA EP2C20F484C7N. I need to write program in VHDL that sends command to device. I have already created entity and architecture which I successfully used to receive keys from keyboard. Now I ...
H: Adder hardware logic simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab If this circuit is a part of a 4 bit full adder, where A1,B1 are adder inputs and C1 is carry in from previous bit, does C2 give the correct output for the carry out bit? According to my calculations C2 doesnot, although S1 generates t...
H: Use for trackless / bare stripboard? I've seen a few stripboards laying around that have no copper tracks. After looking online I can see that you can indeed buy these but I can't seem to find why or how to use them. How can you use it if there's no tracks to solder too? AI: It's often called perfboard (perforated ...
H: Simple Circuit with a Op Amp We are supposed to find \$i_o\$. Looking at the 25-V voltage source and the \$5k\Omega\$ resistor, the current is \$i_x=\frac{25}{5\times10^{-3}}=5mA\$ because the voltage across both inputs of the op-amp are equal (ideal) and zero because the positive terminal is connected to the gro...
H: Transistor voltage rating? Lets say i have a mosfet where the drain->source voltage is 100 but the gate->source voltage is 5. Do i need a transistor rated for 100v or 5v since at that gate voltage only 5v would pass through? Also what happens to the other 95 volts in this scenario? Will they contribute to heating t...
H: Unexpected rectifier waveform I've built a simple half-wave rectifier using the following components. \$10\$k\$\Omega\$ resistor 1N914 diode 1 kHz sinusoidal source I'm measuring the voltage across the resistor with an oscilloscope. This is the wave I get with the source set to a magnitude of 1.5 V: \ Bust as s...
H: Why does this first-order RC filter with an op-amp display resonance? I built this circuit and simulated it in CircuitLab and was trying to make an active low pass filter. However, it shows a frequency response like a resonant low pass filter and I can't figure out why. Here's the schematic: And the frequency resp...
H: What are the dangers of a DIY fuse in a multimeter? For the past few years I have been running my Fluke 79III without a fuse in its F44.100A 1kV fuse holder. This has meant that I've been unable to use the 40mA circuit. When I blew the old fuse, I discovered that it had been previously 'repaired' with another fuse ...
H: Basic PIC circuit is not working I have just begun in the world of microcontrollers, and the first microcontroller. I chose to work with was the PIC from Microchip. The PIC I am using is the PIC16F877A. I am using MPLAB IDE and HI-TECH C. I am trying to make an extremely simple program that turns on an LED. This...
H: Permanently dimming an incandescent light bulb I have purchased a nice light bulb with long visible wires/resistors and plugged it in, on the ceiling. It burns too bright without a dimmer and does not look as intended (also the lifespan decreases). I would like to permanently dim it. However the light switch does n...
H: Low profile i2c level shifting solution I have a system that involves two boards and i2c communication between them. One of the boards uses 2.8V for i/o (including i2c) and the other 3.3. The 3.3V board is always the master and the 2.8V is always the slave. It will never be the case that the 2.8V part initiates ...
H: Can a composite video line doubler be made using simple hardware components? (composite -> progressive scan) I have a lot of old analog video equipment and my trusty Apple IIe Color Monitor is finally dying. Since CRT's aren't produced anymore, and because I just am interested in how it is done, I obtained a decent...
H: How to make a PowerSwitch Tail I have an arduino board, and I would to turn a different, completely isolated circuit, on and off. Actually, I will be running 230V to another device, and then control whether it is on or off, with the arduino. http://www.powerswitchtail.com/Pages/default.aspx I have been looking a bi...
H: Solving an Op-amp circuit The image of the circuit is shown below and it required to find \$V_0\$, My first attempt at solving this problem is by changing the current source into a voltage source with 1-V and 2k\$\Omega\$ resistance. The fact that the inverting and non-inverting terminals aren't grounded make this...
H: RS485 + Power over twisted pairs, still need isolation? I need to communicate with a piece of hardware on an elevator car. I have a few twisted copper pairs available, but it's not CAT5, so Ethernet is out. Instead I'd like to use RS485. I've been reading and ground level difference can really mess up 485, I'm als...
H: Is there any disadvantage to changing trace width in the middle of a trace? Say I have a trace running across a board. It's 50 mils the majority of its length, but in one short place it narrows to 25 mils to make it through a tight area. As best I can tell, this will be preferable to a 25 mil trace the same length,...
H: Highly linear amplifier for tiny voltages I have a tiny voltage which ranges between 0V to 0.05V (bandwidth of this signal is <100kHz) that I need to amplify to 0V to 3.3V. If I would like my final voltage to be distorted only upto 0.5%, what is the best circuit to accomplish this? P.S. Yes, I have considered using...
H: ADC analog pin connection That is my circuit: Input: 400V DC U2_1: LTC1285 (ADC) http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1575635.pdf U2_2: IL261 (digital isolator) http://www.nve.com/Downloads/il260-1.pdf The circuit behavior is: 1: resistive partitor with high precision resistor to decrease the input voltage. 2: zener ...
H: Power switch with slow control signal I am trying to switch on and off a circuit that draws about 0.8 amp at 12 V. The obvious choice is to set a MOSFET. The problem is that the control signal (the one that goes on the gate of the MOSFET) is changing very slowly (1 volt per hour). So when this slow signal reaches M...
H: How to ensure serial transmission and reception of required data without any garbage values in the 8051? I'm trying to continuously transmit the character 'L' from the microcontroller 8051 to the PC at a baud rate of 9600. The frequency of the 8051 is 16 MHz, and I accordingly loaded the BRL register with "0XFC" fo...
H: How can I program Mega2560 with Atmel Studio 6.2 I have got the SainSmart Mega2560. The problem is now: how can I program it with Atmel Studio 6.2? I can find no way to upload code, because the controller is not in listed and with ISP I can not do it, because STK600 is needed which I don't have! Is there another wa...
H: Small Signal BJT Model I want to know why there is a minus sign in the output voltage. AI: From the model viewpoint, the voltage-controlled current source is pointing in the direction that an increase in input voltage leads to a decrease in output voltage. From a practical point of view, more voltage on the base m...
H: Circuit to keep two LEDs on when buttons are released I am trying for the first time to build something on my own. I am pretty n00b when it comes to electronic so, please, bear with me. I'm trying to build a "simple" schematic that goes like this: there are two buttons (SW1 and SW2) normally open, and 2 LEDs (D2 an...
H: What are buffer and latches in microprocessor? I would like a description that clarifies the concepts of what buffers and latches are and the difference between them. I'm asking for buffers and latches in respect to the 8086 microprocessor. AI: A buffer allows a signal to drive more inputs than it would by itself, ...
H: LED driver circuit help needed Please help me figure out which inductor to use from this datasheet. Sorry - it's in Chinese as this is an Asian sourced IC and not sold in the US. (Use google translate if necessary - but, the meaning is clear enough from the digrams and tables. ) The formula for the inductor, given ...
H: What makes DSSS a more robust transmission technique compared to FHSS? In many textbooks it is stated that DSSS is more robust than FHSS. Especially in terms of interference and delay spread? What is the exact reason. Lets say we multiply a given bit 1 with a larger bit sequence. How does this make the communicatio...
H: Resistors in series current question According to Wikipedia, the current of resistors in series will be Vin/R1+R2. Now I could be over thinking this but is that the current that you'll get out or is that just used for determining the power of resistors or both? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_divider AI: You ...
H: What are these pulses? To continue of this question... I figured out the main problem and now I have an odd problem. at first, let me to put the codes. "Main.c": /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "stm32f0xx_hal.h" /* Private variables ------------------------...
H: Has anyone programmed ATmega8A using USBasp? I have failed to program ATmega8A using USBasp. I am sure that the wiring is ok. I have programmed an ATtiny13A several times with the same USBasp. However, no luck with the ATmega8A. This is the error avrdude shows- avrdude.exe: error: programm enable: target doesn't an...
H: 9V battery and resistor are connected in series - the voltage across the resistor is < 9V. Why? I am taking my first steps into learning about electronics as a hobbyist and I am struggling to understand something about resistance. I have read about Ohm's law and it seems fairly straightforward so I set up a simple...
H: Headphone cable as antenna How can headphone cables act as Antennas for built-in radios in smartphones ? Is it possible because of different frequency channels or what is the theory/mathematics behind this? On a side note, what would be a hardware implementation for this application? AI: If you think about it, any ...
H: Where can I find a transistor similar to a 2n 3904? I have what I believe is a 2N 3904 638 transistor. It measures 50MΩ at around 70°F. How can I find a data sheet on this? How would I go about finding a similar / replacement thermistor? PS: I did try Google Searching for those numbers but didn't come up with any...
H: 12 V LED strips in series with a 24 V power supply? I am purchasing 50x - 1 meter / 12 V / 72 LED / Rigid SMD 5730 strips directly from China. I don't know the LED manufacturer, nor the resistor being used. (Yes, this is a gamble.) The strip is one that could be cut at every 3rd LED. So, it seems that every 3 LED...
H: Why do some power plugs have holes in them? I've just learned that electrical chargers with pins with holes in them are illegal in Australia. Here's what I'm talking about (ignore the one second from the left): What's the purpose of these holes? AI: Retention mechanism: Some sockets have a spring loaded ball like...
H: Battery Ampere-hour rating vs Battery Amps (not an experienced user) I have almost no experience whatsoever with the technicals of electronics so this is probably a very easy question for someone who does. Do you know if a battery with a 200Ah rating can put out 200A for one hour or are there limitations? According...
H: I stuck a 450 V 10 µF capacitor in a 110 AC wall outlet and it exploded... why? When I put it in the outlet it "popped" with some oily gray smoke. Honestly I thought that the voltage rating on the capacitor meant you could feed at least that much voltage through it, but clearly I'm missing something fundamental. I...
H: How to measure the resistance of digital potentiometer AD5241 in circuit when power on I have designed a transimpedance amplifier including a digital potentiometer AD5241. The circuit is showed below. I want to test the AD5241 to make sure it works as designed. simulate this circuit – Schematic created using Circu...
H: USB Interrupt and Isochronous transfer bandwidth concept I read in the USB spec and other USB materials on the web that interrupt transfer mechanisms (for devices like mice/keyboard) are guaranteed a 'bounded latency'. Whereas the isochronous transfers (media device - camera/speakers) are guaranteed USB bandwidth a...
H: Where to look for logic level of a circuit in the datasheet? Whenever I pick a chip for my project, I run through the same chore: finding out if its logic levels match what I work with. Is it 5V? 3.3V? 1.3V? Or one of these that sources whatever level I apply to VCC and reads anything from 0.6V to 36V and more just...
H: Differential ADC where input goes below ground rail? I've been reading up on differential ADCs but haven't quite wrapped my head around them. I'm a hobbyist with no real training, you see. I'm wondering, is it possible to use a differential ADC with +5/0 supply and an input signal where the negative input is below ...
H: How to make LED lamp (220V 50Hz input) circuit by using 1 watt LEDs? I think to make LED lamp circuit by using 1 watt LEDs (300mA and 3.6V). How to make circuit. But I can not use transformer.Because size and cost of transformer is high). Input single phase, 220V,50Hz AC supply. Please help me. AI: Here's a circuit...
H: Does a "Buck Step Down Voltage Regulator" provide constant output voltage regardless of input voltage? I've got a small solar cell panel rated at 20V on a good sunny day. I need to regulate this down to 13.8V to charge a lead battery. Can I use a "Buck Step Down Voltage Regulator" for this? I'm uncertain about whet...
H: Burning rectifier capacitor 220V input I have built the following circuit for 1 watt power LED lamp. The capacitor C4 (220uf 50v) was heating after a few seconds then it burnt. What is wrong with the circuit? I can remove C4 but reducing brightness. AI: Arshid - Your circuit will work as shown, but there are some p...
H: Draw a finite state machine for a welding machine I am trying to draw a fsm for a welding machine. So far I have the following table, which I think is right.. The system has three normal states: stopped, started, and welding. It will only transition from stopped to started when the power button is pressed, and from...
H: How to hook up a load cell to an Instrumentation amplifier correctly I am trying to get load cells connected to an instrumentation amplifier. The load-cells I have are extremely similar to the ones here https://www.sparkfun.com/products/10245. They have 3 wires coming out of them. A red, white as well as black one....