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Publish ThousandWorlds v2.0.0

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README.md CHANGED
@@ -33,10 +33,9 @@ configs:
33
 
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  <img src="imgs/MASCOT.png" align="right" width="220" style="margin-top: -1.25rem;" alt="ThousandWorlds mascot">
35
 
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- ThousandWorlds is a benchmark for emulating exoplanet climates: **1760
37
- simulations** across **5 GCMs**, **8 planet parameters**, and atmospheric
38
  variables on a 32 x 64 x 10 latitude-longitude-pressure grid. It includes three
39
- nested benchmark subsets, two evaluation protocols, and eight released baseline
40
  methods.
41
 
42
  [![Code](https://img.shields.io/badge/code-GitHub-181717.svg?logo=github)](https://github.com/edstevenson/ThousandWorlds)
@@ -47,9 +46,6 @@ are time-averaged climate fields on a 32 x 64 latitude-longitude grid:
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  three-dimensional variables are stored as pressure-level channels, and
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  two-dimensional variables are stored as single-level fields.
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- Want to look around before downloading anything? Try the [ThousandWorlds Explorer](https://thousandworldsexplorer.com)!
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- Built by [Hamza Ali Shahjahan](https://github.com/hamza-ali-shahjahan)!
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-
53
  ![ThousandWorlds dataset schematic](imgs/OVERVIEW.png)
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  ## Quickstart
@@ -96,17 +92,17 @@ realism:
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  | Subset | Simulations | Fields | Description |
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  | --- | ---: | ---: | --- |
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- | `single-complete` | 256 | 48 | Smaller subset; simulations from a single GCM, complete observations only. |
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- | `multi-complete` | 1659 | 48 | All 5 GCMs, still with no missing fields. |
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- | `multi-partial` | 1760 | 53 | Full dataset; all 5 GCMs, with missing fields represented as NaNs. |
102
 
103
  The subset split files contain:
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105
  | File | `single-complete` | `multi-complete` | `multi-partial` |
106
  | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
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- | `train.csv` | 206 | 1538 | 1626 |
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- | `test.csv` | 50 | 90 | 100 |
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- | `test_shared_planets_only.csv` | - | 58 | 60 |
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  | `held_out_aux.csv` | - | 31 | 34 |
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112
  `held_out_aux.csv` is excluded from train and test to prevent train-test leakage (it contains simulations from auxiliary GCMs that correspond to identical planets present in the test set).
@@ -121,9 +117,9 @@ includes `is_target_gcm`, `in_target_physical_domain`, `planet_id`, and
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122
  | Parameter | Range |
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  | --- | --- |
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- | Radius (Earth radii) | [0.7, 1.4] |
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- | Surface gravity (m s^-2) | [6.0, 16.0] |
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- | Rotation period (days) | [0.1, 1000.0] |
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  | Surface pressure (bar) | [0.5, 5] |
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  | CO2 volume fraction (%) | [0, 100] |
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  | CH4 volume fraction (%) | [0, 5] |
@@ -153,10 +149,9 @@ The gridded field archives are:
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  | File | Shape | Contents |
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  | --- | --- | --- |
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- | `dataset/fields/all-obs.npz` | `(1760, 53, 32, 64)` | Field archive covering all 5 GCMs with structured whole-field missingness. |
157
- | `dataset/fields/complete-obs-only.npz` | `(1659, 48, 32, 64)` | Complete-observation field archive. |
158
 
159
- **Spectral Coefficients:**
160
  The spectral coefficient archives mirror those field archives with T21
161
  spherical harmonic coefficients: `dataset/coefficients/*.npz` stores
162
  `coefficients` with 484 coefficients per field and a `field_mask` for missing
@@ -167,14 +162,13 @@ as false entries in the spectral `field_mask`.
167
 
168
  The package includes loaders and metrics for two benchmark protocols:
169
 
170
- - **Standard**: the main test protocol, ideal for ML model comparison.
171
  - **Shared-planets**: evaluate on planets shared across target and auxiliary
172
  GCMs; used to assess performance relative to inter-GCM error, i.e. how close
173
  a model gets to the epistemic uncertainty floor of the problem.
174
 
175
- Released baselines include train mean, kNN, PCA ridge, PCA-MLP, Coord-MLP,
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- Coord-DeepONet, PPCA-ICM, and GPLFR. Baseline artifacts include predictions,
177
- resolved configs, and metrics JSON files.
178
 
179
  ## Links
180
 
@@ -196,3 +190,10 @@ If you use ThousandWorlds, please cite the paper:
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  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2606.18338}
197
  }
198
  ```
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33
 
34
  <img src="imgs/MASCOT.png" align="right" width="220" style="margin-top: -1.25rem;" alt="ThousandWorlds mascot">
35
 
36
+ ThousandWorlds is a benchmark for emulating exoplanet climates: **1689 simulations** across **5 GCMs**, **8 planet parameters**, and atmospheric
 
37
  variables on a 32 x 64 x 10 latitude-longitude-pressure grid. It includes three
38
+ nested benchmark subsets, two evaluation protocols, and ten released baseline
39
  methods.
40
 
41
  [![Code](https://img.shields.io/badge/code-GitHub-181717.svg?logo=github)](https://github.com/edstevenson/ThousandWorlds)
 
46
  three-dimensional variables are stored as pressure-level channels, and
47
  two-dimensional variables are stored as single-level fields.
48
 
 
 
 
49
  ![ThousandWorlds dataset schematic](imgs/OVERVIEW.png)
50
 
51
  ## Quickstart
 
92
 
93
  | Subset | Simulations | Fields | Description |
94
  | --- | ---: | ---: | --- |
95
+ | `single-complete` | 277 | 48 | Smaller subset; simulations from a single GCM, complete observations only. |
96
+ | `multi-complete` | 1595 | 48 | All 5 GCMs, still with no missing fields. |
97
+ | `multi-partial` | 1689 | 53 | Full dataset; all 5 GCMs, with missing fields represented as NaNs. |
98
 
99
  The subset split files contain:
100
 
101
  | File | `single-complete` | `multi-complete` | `multi-partial` |
102
  | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
103
+ | `train.csv` | 203 | 1443 | 1527 |
104
+ | `test.csv` | 74 | 121 | 128 |
105
+ | `test_shared_planets_only.csv` | - | 62 | 64 |
106
  | `held_out_aux.csv` | - | 31 | 34 |
107
 
108
  `held_out_aux.csv` is excluded from train and test to prevent train-test leakage (it contains simulations from auxiliary GCMs that correspond to identical planets present in the test set).
 
117
 
118
  | Parameter | Range |
119
  | --- | --- |
120
+ | Radius (Earth radii) | [0.7, 1.75] |
121
+ | Surface gravity (m s^-2) | [6.0, 17.0] |
122
+ | Rotation period (days) | [1.0, 200.0] |
123
  | Surface pressure (bar) | [0.5, 5] |
124
  | CO2 volume fraction (%) | [0, 100] |
125
  | CH4 volume fraction (%) | [0, 5] |
 
149
 
150
  | File | Shape | Contents |
151
  | --- | --- | --- |
152
+ | `dataset/fields/all-obs.npz` | `(1689, 53, 32, 64)` | Field archive covering all 5 GCMs with structured whole-field missingness. |
153
+ | `dataset/fields/complete-obs-only.npz` | `(1595, 48, 32, 64)` | Complete-observation field archive. |
154
 
 
155
  The spectral coefficient archives mirror those field archives with T21
156
  spherical harmonic coefficients: `dataset/coefficients/*.npz` stores
157
  `coefficients` with 484 coefficients per field and a `field_mask` for missing
 
162
 
163
  The package includes loaders and metrics for two benchmark protocols:
164
 
165
+ - **Standard**: the main test protocol.
166
  - **Shared-planets**: evaluate on planets shared across target and auxiliary
167
  GCMs; used to assess performance relative to inter-GCM error, i.e. how close
168
  a model gets to the epistemic uncertainty floor of the problem.
169
 
170
+ Headline baselines are `train_mean`, `knn`, `pca_gbt`, `coord_mlp`, `coord_deeponet`, `pca_mlp`, `conv_decoder`, `sfno`, `ppca_icm`, and `gplfr`. PCA-Ridge (`pca_ridge`) is the nonlinearity ablation. The baseline archives include predictions,
171
+ the config each run used, and metrics JSON files.
 
172
 
173
  ## Links
174
 
 
190
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2606.18338}
191
  }
192
  ```
193
+
194
+ ## Versions
195
+
196
+ v2.0.0 replaces v1.0.0. It is a small update to the dataset to fix a couple
197
+ bugs in some simulations and add a few more; the full list is in the
198
+ [changelog](https://github.com/edstevenson/ThousandWorlds/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md).
199
+ v1.0.0 remains available for reproducing earlier work.
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@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@
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@@ -43,6 +42,7 @@
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@@ -55,250 +55,248 @@
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57
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58
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59
  "@id": "https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/8695",
60
- "name": "ThousandWorlds",
61
- "description": "Benchmark dataset and baseline result artifacts for exoplanet climate emulation. The release includes simulation input metadata, canonical train/test splits, gridded target fields, spectral coefficients, normalization statistics, baseline predictions, metrics, and per-variable score summaries.",
62
- "url": "https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/8695",
63
- "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/8695",
64
- "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
65
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66
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69
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72
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73
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74
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76
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77
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78
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79
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80
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81
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82
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83
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86
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88
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89
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90
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94
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96
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97
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98
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99
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101
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102
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103
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104
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105
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106
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107
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108
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109
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110
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111
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112
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113
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114
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115
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116
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117
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118
  "affiliation": {
119
  "@type": "sc:Organization",
120
  "name": "University of Cambridge"
121
  },
122
- "email": "mc2473@cam.ac.uk"
 
123
  }
124
  ],
125
- "keywords": [
126
- "exoplanets",
127
- "climate emulation",
128
- "benchmark",
129
- "surrogate modeling",
130
- "probabilistic prediction"
131
- ],
132
- "datePublished": "2026-04-27",
133
- "conformsTo": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.1",
134
- "rai:dataLimitations": "ThousandWorlds is a benchmark built from numerical exoplanet climate simulations, not observed planets. It is restricted to the released target physical domain, GCM choices, variables, spatial grid, temporal sampling, and benchmark split definitions, and should not be used as direct evidence for habitability, mission planning, or validated climate prediction outside those regimes.",
135
- "rai:dataBiases": "The dataset reflects simulator, parameter-design, and preprocessing choices: ExoCAM and UM are target GCMs, auxiliary simulations are not uniformly represented across all benchmark subsets, and model behavior can depend on the released variable coverage and missing-field patterns.",
136
- "rai:personalSensitiveInformation": "The dataset contains synthetic/numerical climate simulation outputs and associated physical parameters only. It contains no human-subject data and no personal or sensitive information.",
137
- "rai:dataUseCases": "Validated use cases are benchmark development and evaluation for exoplanet climate emulation, surrogate modeling, missing-field handling, and probabilistic prediction over the released train/test protocols. The dataset is not validated for demographic fairness auditing, fine-tuning general-purpose AI systems, operational forecasting, or scientific claims beyond the documented simulation benchmark.",
138
- "rai:dataSocialImpact": "Potential benefits include reproducible comparison of climate-emulation methods and broader access to expensive simulation-derived benchmark data. Main risks are overinterpreting benchmark scores or synthetic simulation outputs as observational truth; mitigations include explicit split definitions, public baseline artifacts, documented limitations, and open release metadata.",
139
- "rai:hasSyntheticData": true,
140
  "distribution": [
141
  {
142
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
143
  "@id": "dataset-archive",
144
- "name": "dataset.tar.gz",
 
145
  "description": "Self-contained benchmark dataset archive. Extracts to dataset/ and includes metadata CSVs, split CSVs, gridded field NPZ archives, spectral coefficient NPZ archives, and normalization statistics.",
146
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/dataset.tar.gz",
147
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
148
- "sha256": "356c6cc14f6d23f6ffaef2155bfb668f6e365e07bb5b2f83736afa5343dae8b3"
 
149
  },
150
  {
151
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
152
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic",
153
- "name": "results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic.tar.gz",
 
154
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-partial-deterministic subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
155
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic.tar.gz",
156
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
157
- "sha256": "59f9979ed6c31fba1f43163485ba821e8cc486e1ca1893148528568b3a00b5ab"
 
158
  },
159
  {
160
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
161
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-complete-deterministic",
162
- "name": "results-baselines-multi-complete-deterministic.tar.gz",
 
163
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-complete-deterministic subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
164
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/results-baselines-multi-complete-deterministic.tar.gz",
165
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
166
- "sha256": "204c492fd2af1b921946b1a9de07e39e8581c4f18cb01490b123bebf74cbc789"
 
167
  },
168
  {
169
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
170
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-deterministic",
171
- "name": "results-baselines-single-complete-deterministic.tar.gz",
 
172
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the single-complete-deterministic subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
173
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/results-baselines-single-complete-deterministic.tar.gz",
174
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
175
- "sha256": "9725c008210b7c6bd5094a7707da0c305629fc36e9d533876ea85edde492ff9d"
 
176
  },
177
  {
178
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
179
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-gplfr",
180
- "name": "results-baselines-multi-partial-gplfr.tar.gz",
 
181
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-partial-gplfr subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
182
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/results-baselines-multi-partial-gplfr.tar.gz",
183
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
184
- "sha256": "add9bcd8ba3761200ac89d013e259ebafeeb221b71043d062609ab3708ae2613"
 
185
  },
186
  {
187
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
188
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-ppca_icm",
189
- "name": "results-baselines-multi-partial-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
 
190
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-partial-ppca_icm subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
191
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/results-baselines-multi-partial-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
192
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
193
- "sha256": "5d65fabd3662ce5da4aa0f3d1480285e633e6e1819e8c1a3e0f128b0017ae30a"
 
194
  },
195
  {
196
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
197
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-complete-gplfr",
198
- "name": "results-baselines-multi-complete-gplfr.tar.gz",
 
199
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-complete-gplfr subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
200
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/results-baselines-multi-complete-gplfr.tar.gz",
201
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
202
- "sha256": "099018b9bb4c98fbc479889bd3a977fa249e0602fa8d7cd57f7a3ac78d42d356"
 
203
  },
204
  {
205
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
206
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-complete-ppca_icm",
207
- "name": "results-baselines-multi-complete-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
 
208
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-complete-ppca_icm subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
209
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/results-baselines-multi-complete-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
210
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
211
- "sha256": "c3578059971aae6d3323b52dab27ad6f8133dcff7fefb8d79074a737200c21e3"
 
212
  },
213
  {
214
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
215
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-gplfr",
216
- "name": "results-baselines-single-complete-gplfr.tar.gz",
 
217
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the single-complete-gplfr subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
218
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/results-baselines-single-complete-gplfr.tar.gz",
219
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
220
- "sha256": "cf5a54f053836e0cd6758fa24c64d9d51ee1130c39831522dea12e8a59529a15"
 
221
  },
222
  {
223
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
224
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm",
225
- "name": "results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
 
226
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the single-complete-ppca_icm subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
227
- "contentUrl": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/es833/ThousandWorlds/resolve/v1.0.0/archives/results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
228
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
229
- "sha256": "380331557807129ce722cc0884ec2518b7b334733fefc88e5e5797a1361860b5"
 
230
  },
231
  {
232
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
233
  "@id": "inputs-csv",
234
- "name": "dataset/inputs.csv",
235
- "description": "Simulation input parameters and metadata inside dataset.tar.gz.",
236
- "contentUrl": "dataset/inputs.csv",
237
  "containedIn": {
238
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
239
  },
240
- "encodingFormat": "text/csv"
 
 
 
241
  },
242
  {
243
- "@type": "cr:FileSet",
244
  "@id": "split-csv-files",
245
- "name": "dataset/subsets/*/*.csv",
246
- "description": "Train, test, shared-planets test, and held-out auxiliary split membership CSVs inside dataset.tar.gz.",
247
  "containedIn": {
248
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
249
  },
 
250
  "encodingFormat": "text/csv",
251
- "includes": "dataset/subsets/*/*.csv"
 
252
  },
253
  {
254
- "@type": "cr:FileSet",
255
  "@id": "field-archives",
256
- "name": "dataset/fields/*.npz",
257
- "description": "Gridded target field NPZ archives inside dataset.tar.gz.",
258
  "containedIn": {
259
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
260
  },
 
261
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-numpy",
262
- "includes": "dataset/fields/*.npz"
 
263
  },
264
  {
265
- "@type": "cr:FileSet",
266
  "@id": "coefficient-archives",
267
- "name": "dataset/coefficients/*.npz",
268
- "description": "Spectral coefficient NPZ archives inside dataset.tar.gz.",
269
  "containedIn": {
270
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
271
  },
 
272
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-numpy",
273
- "includes": "dataset/coefficients/*.npz"
 
274
  },
275
  {
276
- "@type": "cr:FileSet",
277
  "@id": "normalization-assets",
278
- "name": "dataset/norm_stats/**/*",
279
- "description": "Subset-specific normalization statistics and spectral transform metadata inside dataset.tar.gz.",
280
  "containedIn": {
281
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
282
  },
 
283
  "encodingFormat": "application/octet-stream",
284
- "includes": "dataset/norm_stats/**/*"
 
285
  },
286
  {
287
- "@type": "cr:FileObject",
288
  "@id": "scores-csv",
289
- "name": "results/scores.csv",
290
- "description": "Flat per-variable baseline score table included in the deterministic baseline archives and tracked in the source repository.",
291
- "contentUrl": "results/scores.csv",
292
  "containedIn": {
293
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-deterministic"
294
  },
295
- "encodingFormat": "text/csv"
 
 
 
296
  },
297
  {
298
- "@type": "cr:FileSet",
299
  "@id": "baseline-predictions",
300
- "name": "results/models/<subset>/<method>/predictions.npz",
301
- "description": "Baseline prediction NPZ files inside the baseline result archives.",
302
  "containedIn": [
303
  {
304
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic"
@@ -328,14 +326,14 @@
328
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm"
329
  }
330
  ],
 
331
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-numpy",
332
- "includes": "results/models/<subset>/<method>/predictions.npz"
 
333
  },
334
  {
335
- "@type": "cr:FileSet",
336
  "@id": "baseline-metadata",
337
- "name": "results/models/**/*.json",
338
- "description": "Resolved baseline configs, metrics JSON files, and calibration metadata inside the baseline result archives.",
339
  "containedIn": [
340
  {
341
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic"
@@ -365,28 +363,40 @@
365
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm"
366
  }
367
  ],
 
368
  "encodingFormat": "application/json",
369
- "includes": "results/models/**/*.json"
 
370
  }
371
  ],
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
372
  "recordSet": [
373
  {
374
- "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
375
  "@id": "inputs",
376
- "name": "inputs",
377
  "description": "One row per simulation, containing physical input parameters, GCM labels, split-relevant metadata, and provenance labels.",
378
- "key": [
379
- {
380
- "@id": "inputs/simulation_id"
381
- }
382
- ],
383
  "field": [
384
  {
385
- "@type": "cr:Field",
386
  "@id": "inputs/simulation_id",
387
- "name": "simulation_id",
388
  "dataType": "sc:Integer",
389
  "description": "Integer simulation identifier used to index field archives, coefficient archives, split CSVs, and predictions.",
 
390
  "source": {
391
  "extract": {
392
  "column": "simulation_id"
@@ -397,11 +407,11 @@
397
  }
398
  },
399
  {
400
- "@type": "cr:Field",
401
  "@id": "inputs/radius",
402
- "name": "radius",
403
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
404
  "description": "Planet radius in meters.",
 
405
  "source": {
406
  "extract": {
407
  "column": "radius"
@@ -412,11 +422,11 @@
412
  }
413
  },
414
  {
415
- "@type": "cr:Field",
416
  "@id": "inputs/gravity",
417
- "name": "gravity",
418
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
419
  "description": "Surface gravity in meters per second squared.",
 
420
  "source": {
421
  "extract": {
422
  "column": "gravity"
@@ -427,11 +437,11 @@
427
  }
428
  },
429
  {
430
- "@type": "cr:Field",
431
  "@id": "inputs/rotation_period",
432
- "name": "rotation_period",
433
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
434
  "description": "Planet rotation period in Earth days.",
 
435
  "source": {
436
  "extract": {
437
  "column": "rotation_period"
@@ -442,11 +452,11 @@
442
  }
443
  },
444
  {
445
- "@type": "cr:Field",
446
  "@id": "inputs/surface_pressure",
447
- "name": "surface_pressure",
448
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
449
  "description": "Surface pressure in pascals.",
 
450
  "source": {
451
  "extract": {
452
  "column": "surface_pressure"
@@ -457,11 +467,11 @@
457
  }
458
  },
459
  {
460
- "@type": "cr:Field",
461
  "@id": "inputs/co2",
462
- "name": "co2",
463
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
464
  "description": "Atmospheric CO2 setting used by the simulation.",
 
465
  "source": {
466
  "extract": {
467
  "column": "co2"
@@ -472,11 +482,11 @@
472
  }
473
  },
474
  {
475
- "@type": "cr:Field",
476
  "@id": "inputs/ch4",
477
- "name": "ch4",
478
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
479
  "description": "Atmospheric CH4 setting used by the simulation.",
 
480
  "source": {
481
  "extract": {
482
  "column": "ch4"
@@ -487,11 +497,11 @@
487
  }
488
  },
489
  {
490
- "@type": "cr:Field",
491
  "@id": "inputs/stellar_flux",
492
- "name": "stellar_flux",
493
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
494
  "description": "Incident stellar flux in watts per square meter.",
 
495
  "source": {
496
  "extract": {
497
  "column": "stellar_flux"
@@ -502,11 +512,11 @@
502
  }
503
  },
504
  {
505
- "@type": "cr:Field",
506
  "@id": "inputs/stellar_temperature",
507
- "name": "stellar_temperature",
508
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
509
  "description": "Stellar effective temperature in kelvin.",
 
510
  "source": {
511
  "extract": {
512
  "column": "stellar_temperature"
@@ -517,11 +527,11 @@
517
  }
518
  },
519
  {
520
- "@type": "cr:Field",
521
  "@id": "inputs/gcm_label",
522
- "name": "gcm_label",
523
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
524
  "description": "General circulation model label for the simulation.",
 
525
  "source": {
526
  "extract": {
527
  "column": "gcm_label"
@@ -532,11 +542,11 @@
532
  }
533
  },
534
  {
535
- "@type": "cr:Field",
536
  "@id": "inputs/is_target_gcm",
537
- "name": "is_target_gcm",
538
  "dataType": "sc:Boolean",
539
  "description": "Whether the simulation is from a target GCM used in the main benchmark protocols.",
 
540
  "source": {
541
  "extract": {
542
  "column": "is_target_gcm"
@@ -547,11 +557,11 @@
547
  }
548
  },
549
  {
550
- "@type": "cr:Field",
551
  "@id": "inputs/in_target_physical_domain",
552
- "name": "in_target_physical_domain",
553
  "dataType": "sc:Boolean",
554
  "description": "Whether the simulation lies inside the benchmark target physical domain.",
 
555
  "source": {
556
  "extract": {
557
  "column": "in_target_physical_domain"
@@ -562,11 +572,11 @@
562
  }
563
  },
564
  {
565
- "@type": "cr:Field",
566
  "@id": "inputs/planet_id",
567
- "name": "planet_id",
568
  "dataType": "sc:Integer",
569
  "description": "Planet identifier used to group cross-GCM simulations of the same planet.",
 
570
  "source": {
571
  "extract": {
572
  "column": "planet_id"
@@ -577,11 +587,11 @@
577
  }
578
  },
579
  {
580
- "@type": "cr:Field",
581
  "@id": "inputs/source",
582
- "name": "source",
583
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
584
  "description": "Simulation provenance label.",
 
585
  "source": {
586
  "extract": {
587
  "column": "source"
@@ -591,69 +601,55 @@
591
  }
592
  }
593
  }
594
- ]
595
- },
596
- {
597
- "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
598
- "@id": "subsets",
599
- "name": "subsets",
600
- "description": "Canonical ThousandWorlds benchmark subsets.",
601
- "dataType": "sc:Enumeration",
602
- "key": {
603
- "@id": "subsets/name"
604
- },
605
- "field": [
606
- {
607
- "@type": "cr:Field",
608
- "@id": "subsets/name",
609
- "name": "name",
610
- "dataType": "sc:Text"
611
- },
612
  {
613
- "@type": "cr:Field",
614
- "@id": "subsets/description",
615
- "name": "description",
616
- "dataType": "sc:Text"
617
  }
618
  ],
 
 
 
 
 
619
  "data": [
620
  {
621
- "subsets/name": "multi-partial",
622
- "subsets/description": "Broadest multi-GCM subset; allows structured whole-field missingness."
623
  },
624
  {
625
- "subsets/name": "multi-complete",
626
- "subsets/description": "Multi-GCM subset restricted to fields observed for every included simulation."
627
  },
628
  {
629
- "subsets/name": "single-complete",
630
- "subsets/description": "Single-GCM subset restricted to complete observations."
631
  }
632
- ]
633
- },
634
- {
635
- "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
636
- "@id": "partitions",
637
- "name": "partitions",
638
- "description": "Canonical train/test partition names and their machine-readable ML partition semantics.",
639
- "dataType": "cr:Split",
640
- "key": {
641
- "@id": "partitions/name"
642
- },
643
  "field": [
644
  {
 
645
  "@type": "cr:Field",
646
- "@id": "partitions/name",
647
- "name": "name",
648
- "dataType": "sc:Text"
649
  },
650
  {
 
651
  "@type": "cr:Field",
652
- "@id": "partitions/url",
653
- "name": "url",
654
- "dataType": "sc:Text"
655
  }
656
  ],
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
657
  "data": [
658
  {
659
  "partitions/name": "train",
@@ -671,127 +667,129 @@
671
  "partitions/name": "held_out_aux",
672
  "partitions/url": "cr:TestSplit"
673
  }
674
- ]
675
- },
676
- {
677
- "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
678
- "@id": "split_files",
679
- "name": "split_files",
680
- "description": "Canonical split membership CSV files. Each file contains one simulation_id column.",
681
- "dataType": "sc:Enumeration",
682
- "key": [
683
- {
684
- "@id": "split_files/subset"
685
- },
686
- {
687
- "@id": "split_files/partition"
688
- }
689
  ],
 
 
690
  "field": [
691
  {
 
692
  "@type": "cr:Field",
693
- "@id": "split_files/subset",
694
- "name": "subset",
695
- "dataType": "sc:Text",
696
- "description": "Benchmark subset."
697
- },
698
- {
699
- "@type": "cr:Field",
700
- "@id": "split_files/partition",
701
- "name": "partition",
702
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
703
- "description": "Split file stem."
704
  },
705
  {
 
706
  "@type": "cr:Field",
707
- "@id": "split_files/path",
708
- "name": "path",
709
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
710
- "description": "Path within dataset.tar.gz."
711
  }
712
  ],
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
713
  "data": [
714
  {
715
- "split_files/subset": "multi-partial",
716
  "split_files/partition": "train",
717
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-partial/train.csv"
 
718
  },
719
  {
720
- "split_files/subset": "multi-partial",
721
  "split_files/partition": "test",
722
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-partial/test.csv"
 
723
  },
724
  {
725
- "split_files/subset": "multi-partial",
726
  "split_files/partition": "test_shared_planets_only",
727
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-partial/test_shared_planets_only.csv"
 
728
  },
729
  {
730
- "split_files/subset": "multi-partial",
731
  "split_files/partition": "held_out_aux",
732
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-partial/held_out_aux.csv"
 
733
  },
734
  {
735
- "split_files/subset": "multi-complete",
736
  "split_files/partition": "train",
737
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-complete/train.csv"
 
738
  },
739
  {
740
- "split_files/subset": "multi-complete",
741
  "split_files/partition": "test",
742
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-complete/test.csv"
 
743
  },
744
  {
745
- "split_files/subset": "multi-complete",
746
  "split_files/partition": "test_shared_planets_only",
747
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-complete/test_shared_planets_only.csv"
 
748
  },
749
  {
750
- "split_files/subset": "multi-complete",
751
  "split_files/partition": "held_out_aux",
752
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-complete/held_out_aux.csv"
 
753
  },
754
  {
755
- "split_files/subset": "single-complete",
756
  "split_files/partition": "train",
757
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/single-complete/train.csv"
 
758
  },
759
  {
760
- "split_files/subset": "single-complete",
761
  "split_files/partition": "test",
762
- "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/single-complete/test.csv"
 
763
  }
764
- ]
765
- },
766
- {
767
- "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
768
- "@id": "baseline_scores",
769
- "name": "baseline_scores",
770
- "description": "Flat per-variable baseline score table. One row corresponds to one subset, protocol, method, metric, and output variable.",
771
- "key": [
772
  {
773
- "@id": "baseline_scores/subset"
 
 
 
 
774
  },
775
  {
776
- "@id": "baseline_scores/protocol"
 
 
 
 
777
  },
778
  {
779
- "@id": "baseline_scores/method"
780
- },
 
 
 
 
 
 
781
  {
782
- "@id": "baseline_scores/metric"
783
  },
784
  {
785
- "@id": "baseline_scores/variable"
786
  }
787
  ],
 
 
 
 
 
 
788
  "field": [
789
  {
790
- "@type": "cr:Field",
791
  "@id": "baseline_scores/subset",
792
- "name": "subset",
793
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
794
  "description": "Benchmark subset.",
 
795
  "source": {
796
  "extract": {
797
  "column": "subset"
@@ -802,11 +800,11 @@
802
  }
803
  },
804
  {
805
- "@type": "cr:Field",
806
  "@id": "baseline_scores/protocol",
807
- "name": "protocol",
808
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
809
  "description": "Evaluation protocol.",
 
810
  "source": {
811
  "extract": {
812
  "column": "protocol"
@@ -817,11 +815,11 @@
817
  }
818
  },
819
  {
820
- "@type": "cr:Field",
821
  "@id": "baseline_scores/method",
822
- "name": "method",
823
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
824
  "description": "Baseline method name.",
 
825
  "source": {
826
  "extract": {
827
  "column": "method"
@@ -832,11 +830,11 @@
832
  }
833
  },
834
  {
835
- "@type": "cr:Field",
836
  "@id": "baseline_scores/metric",
837
- "name": "metric",
838
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
839
  "description": "Metric name, such as rmse, energy_score, relative_rmse, or relative_energy_score.",
 
840
  "source": {
841
  "extract": {
842
  "column": "metric"
@@ -847,11 +845,11 @@
847
  }
848
  },
849
  {
850
- "@type": "cr:Field",
851
  "@id": "baseline_scores/variable",
852
- "name": "variable",
853
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
854
  "description": "Output variable name after field-level metrics are aggregated to variables.",
 
855
  "source": {
856
  "extract": {
857
  "column": "variable"
@@ -862,11 +860,11 @@
862
  }
863
  },
864
  {
865
- "@type": "cr:Field",
866
  "@id": "baseline_scores/value",
867
- "name": "value",
868
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
869
  "description": "Metric value.",
 
870
  "source": {
871
  "extract": {
872
  "column": "value"
@@ -877,11 +875,11 @@
877
  }
878
  },
879
  {
880
- "@type": "cr:Field",
881
  "@id": "baseline_scores/metrics_path",
882
- "name": "metrics_path",
883
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
884
  "description": "Path to the metrics JSON file within the extracted results tree.",
 
885
  "source": {
886
  "extract": {
887
  "column": "metrics_path"
@@ -892,11 +890,11 @@
892
  }
893
  },
894
  {
895
- "@type": "cr:Field",
896
  "@id": "baseline_scores/predictions_path",
897
- "name": "predictions_path",
898
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
899
  "description": "Path to the prediction NPZ file within the extracted results tree.",
 
900
  "source": {
901
  "extract": {
902
  "column": "predictions_path"
@@ -907,11 +905,11 @@
907
  }
908
  },
909
  {
910
- "@type": "cr:Field",
911
  "@id": "baseline_scores/config_path",
912
- "name": "config_path",
913
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
914
  "description": "Path to the resolved baseline config JSON file within the extracted results tree.",
 
915
  "source": {
916
  "extract": {
917
  "column": "config_path"
@@ -921,9 +919,28 @@
921
  }
922
  }
923
  }
924
- ]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
925
  }
926
  ],
927
- "version": "1.0",
928
- "citeAs": "Stevenson, E. T., Mak, M. T., Wolf, E., Sergeev, D. E., Hammond, T., Mayne, N. J., and Cranmer, M. ThousandWorlds: Benchmark dataset for exoplanet climate emulation. Hugging Face. https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/8695"
 
929
  }
 
8
  "conformsTo": "dct:conformsTo",
9
  "containedIn": "cr:containedIn",
10
  "cr": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/",
 
11
  "data": {
12
  "@id": "cr:data",
13
  "@type": "@json"
 
27
  },
28
  "extract": "cr:extract",
29
  "field": "cr:field",
 
30
  "fileObject": "cr:fileObject",
31
+ "fileProperty": "cr:fileProperty",
32
  "fileSet": "cr:fileSet",
33
  "format": "cr:format",
34
  "includes": "cr:includes",
 
42
  },
43
  "parentField": "cr:parentField",
44
  "path": "cr:path",
45
+ "rai": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/RAI/",
46
  "recordSet": "cr:recordSet",
47
  "references": "cr:references",
48
  "regex": "cr:regex",
 
55
  "subField": "cr:subField",
56
  "transform": "cr:transform"
57
  },
 
58
  "@id": "https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/8695",
59
+ "@type": "sc:Dataset",
60
+ "auxiliaryMethods": [
61
+ "pca_ridge"
62
+ ],
63
+ "baselineMethods": [
64
+ "train_mean",
65
+ "knn",
66
+ "pca_gbt",
67
+ "coord_mlp",
68
+ "coord_deeponet",
69
+ "pca_mlp",
70
+ "conv_decoder",
71
+ "sfno",
72
+ "ppca_icm",
73
+ "gplfr"
74
+ ],
75
+ "citeAs": "Stevenson, E. T., Mak, M. T., Wolf, E., Sergeev, D. E., Hammond, T., Mayne, N. J., and Cranmer, M. ThousandWorlds: Benchmark dataset for exoplanet climate emulation. Hugging Face. https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/8695",
76
+ "conformsTo": "http://mlcommons.org/croissant/1.1",
77
  "creator": [
78
  {
79
  "@type": "sc:Person",
 
80
  "affiliation": {
81
  "@type": "sc:Organization",
82
  "name": "University of Cambridge"
83
  },
84
+ "email": "es833@cam.ac.uk",
85
+ "name": "Edward T. Stevenson"
86
  },
87
  {
88
  "@type": "sc:Person",
 
89
  "affiliation": {
90
  "@type": "sc:Organization",
91
  "name": "University of Oxford"
92
+ },
93
+ "name": "Mei Ting Mak"
94
  },
95
  {
96
  "@type": "sc:Person",
 
97
  "affiliation": {
98
  "@type": "sc:Organization",
99
  "name": "University of Colorado Boulder"
100
+ },
101
+ "name": "Eric Wolf"
102
  },
103
  {
104
  "@type": "sc:Person",
 
105
  "affiliation": {
106
  "@type": "sc:Organization",
107
  "name": "University of Bristol"
108
+ },
109
+ "name": "Denis E. Sergeev"
110
  },
111
  {
112
  "@type": "sc:Person",
 
113
  "affiliation": {
114
  "@type": "sc:Organization",
115
  "name": "Purdue University"
116
+ },
117
+ "name": "Tobi Hammond"
118
  },
119
  {
120
  "@type": "sc:Person",
 
121
  "affiliation": {
122
  "@type": "sc:Organization",
123
  "name": "University of Exeter"
124
+ },
125
+ "name": "N. J. Mayne"
126
  },
127
  {
128
  "@type": "sc:Person",
 
129
  "affiliation": {
130
  "@type": "sc:Organization",
131
  "name": "University of Cambridge"
132
  },
133
+ "email": "mc2473@cam.ac.uk",
134
+ "name": "Miles Cranmer"
135
  }
136
  ],
137
+ "dataset_vintage": "tw-v2-aug20",
138
+ "datePublished": "2026-09-03",
139
+ "description": "Benchmark dataset and baseline result artifacts for exoplanet climate emulation. The release includes simulation input metadata, canonical train/test splits, gridded target fields, spectral coefficients, normalization statistics, baseline predictions, metrics, and per-variable score summaries.",
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
140
  "distribution": [
141
  {
 
142
  "@id": "dataset-archive",
143
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
144
+ "contentUrl": "archives/dataset.tar.gz",
145
  "description": "Self-contained benchmark dataset archive. Extracts to dataset/ and includes metadata CSVs, split CSVs, gridded field NPZ archives, spectral coefficient NPZ archives, and normalization statistics.",
 
146
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
147
+ "name": "dataset.tar.gz",
148
+ "sha256": "cddf50485fc32136f7742faf37b15c763a1340c21ff00b5689257064e77c252f"
149
  },
150
  {
 
151
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic",
152
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
153
+ "contentUrl": "archives/results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic.tar.gz",
154
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-partial-deterministic subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
 
155
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
156
+ "name": "results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic.tar.gz",
157
+ "sha256": "8b0da903b525f809f1902cd72bbdb6e7c944608d7e90565dc0e216f781fecc35"
158
  },
159
  {
 
160
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-complete-deterministic",
161
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
162
+ "contentUrl": "archives/results-baselines-multi-complete-deterministic.tar.gz",
163
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-complete-deterministic subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
 
164
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
165
+ "name": "results-baselines-multi-complete-deterministic.tar.gz",
166
+ "sha256": "afa264f767531eb1059fd2bc3f84886e9c57f6f2e4b9cb02cc006554043fd730"
167
  },
168
  {
 
169
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-deterministic",
170
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
171
+ "contentUrl": "archives/results-baselines-single-complete-deterministic.tar.gz",
172
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the single-complete-deterministic subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
 
173
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
174
+ "name": "results-baselines-single-complete-deterministic.tar.gz",
175
+ "sha256": "bafa76b3d197b089deea36970f6410a4803380b50a4c78756fa0e8dbf4cf1a37"
176
  },
177
  {
 
178
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-gplfr",
179
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
180
+ "contentUrl": "archives/results-baselines-multi-partial-gplfr.tar.gz",
181
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-partial-gplfr subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
 
182
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
183
+ "name": "results-baselines-multi-partial-gplfr.tar.gz",
184
+ "sha256": "cf35137a6b42c69e9d3c30c150d6a30f032cdd0fb8fe448f9065e2f78a66bee5"
185
  },
186
  {
 
187
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-ppca_icm",
188
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
189
+ "contentUrl": "archives/results-baselines-multi-partial-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
190
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-partial-ppca_icm subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
 
191
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
192
+ "name": "results-baselines-multi-partial-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
193
+ "sha256": "da7c817c17e02c5bb147222ffd0ea1734828ae586f38da48a3aa26cdfaaa8393"
194
  },
195
  {
 
196
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-complete-gplfr",
197
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
198
+ "contentUrl": "archives/results-baselines-multi-complete-gplfr.tar.gz",
199
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-complete-gplfr subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
 
200
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
201
+ "name": "results-baselines-multi-complete-gplfr.tar.gz",
202
+ "sha256": "11fc79469e6d6213778f4a412739ea40147365cd7e588edd640b94b63c2100c0"
203
  },
204
  {
 
205
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-complete-ppca_icm",
206
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
207
+ "contentUrl": "archives/results-baselines-multi-complete-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
208
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the multi-complete-ppca_icm subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
 
209
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
210
+ "name": "results-baselines-multi-complete-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
211
+ "sha256": "86e09a430859f0d59efc21146bb4f384051a651505052cada1f598709b2dd290"
212
  },
213
  {
 
214
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-gplfr",
215
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
216
+ "contentUrl": "archives/results-baselines-single-complete-gplfr.tar.gz",
217
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the single-complete-gplfr subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
 
218
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
219
+ "name": "results-baselines-single-complete-gplfr.tar.gz",
220
+ "sha256": "0dc0a22b092687fa25567a45a9749afcdcd5954844c4be2eba70a31ca138c571"
221
  },
222
  {
 
223
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm",
224
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
225
+ "contentUrl": "archives/results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
226
  "description": "Baseline result shard for the single-complete-ppca_icm subset. Extracts to results/ and includes predictions, metrics JSON, paper tables, scores.csv, and results/README.md for this subset.",
 
227
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-tar",
228
+ "name": "results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm.tar.gz",
229
+ "sha256": "2d7f2c4e56d9770a9ff027bc60895c196bb40d8444545a4cf19406e583bf891a"
230
  },
231
  {
 
232
  "@id": "inputs-csv",
233
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
 
 
234
  "containedIn": {
235
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
236
  },
237
+ "contentUrl": "dataset/inputs.csv",
238
+ "description": "Simulation input parameters and metadata inside dataset.tar.gz.",
239
+ "encodingFormat": "text/csv",
240
+ "name": "dataset/inputs.csv"
241
  },
242
  {
 
243
  "@id": "split-csv-files",
244
+ "@type": "cr:FileSet",
 
245
  "containedIn": {
246
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
247
  },
248
+ "description": "Train, test, shared-planets test, and held-out auxiliary split membership CSVs inside dataset.tar.gz.",
249
  "encodingFormat": "text/csv",
250
+ "includes": "dataset/subsets/*/*.csv",
251
+ "name": "dataset/subsets/*/*.csv"
252
  },
253
  {
 
254
  "@id": "field-archives",
255
+ "@type": "cr:FileSet",
 
256
  "containedIn": {
257
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
258
  },
259
+ "description": "Gridded target field NPZ archives inside dataset.tar.gz.",
260
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-numpy",
261
+ "includes": "dataset/fields/*.npz",
262
+ "name": "dataset/fields/*.npz"
263
  },
264
  {
 
265
  "@id": "coefficient-archives",
266
+ "@type": "cr:FileSet",
 
267
  "containedIn": {
268
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
269
  },
270
+ "description": "Spectral coefficient NPZ archives inside dataset.tar.gz.",
271
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-numpy",
272
+ "includes": "dataset/coefficients/*.npz",
273
+ "name": "dataset/coefficients/*.npz"
274
  },
275
  {
 
276
  "@id": "normalization-assets",
277
+ "@type": "cr:FileSet",
 
278
  "containedIn": {
279
  "@id": "dataset-archive"
280
  },
281
+ "description": "Subset-specific normalization statistics and spectral transform metadata inside dataset.tar.gz.",
282
  "encodingFormat": "application/octet-stream",
283
+ "includes": "dataset/norm_stats/**/*",
284
+ "name": "dataset/norm_stats/**/*"
285
  },
286
  {
 
287
  "@id": "scores-csv",
288
+ "@type": "cr:FileObject",
 
 
289
  "containedIn": {
290
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-deterministic"
291
  },
292
+ "contentUrl": "results/scores.csv",
293
+ "description": "Flat per-variable baseline score table included in the deterministic baseline archives and tracked in the source repository.",
294
+ "encodingFormat": "text/csv",
295
+ "name": "results/scores.csv"
296
  },
297
  {
 
298
  "@id": "baseline-predictions",
299
+ "@type": "cr:FileSet",
 
300
  "containedIn": [
301
  {
302
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic"
 
326
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm"
327
  }
328
  ],
329
+ "description": "Baseline prediction NPZ files inside the baseline result archives.",
330
  "encodingFormat": "application/x-numpy",
331
+ "includes": "results/models/<subset>/<method>/predictions.npz",
332
+ "name": "results/models/<subset>/<method>/predictions.npz"
333
  },
334
  {
 
335
  "@id": "baseline-metadata",
336
+ "@type": "cr:FileSet",
 
337
  "containedIn": [
338
  {
339
  "@id": "results-baselines-multi-partial-deterministic"
 
363
  "@id": "results-baselines-single-complete-ppca_icm"
364
  }
365
  ],
366
+ "description": "Resolved baseline configs, metrics JSON files, and calibration metadata inside the baseline result archives.",
367
  "encodingFormat": "application/json",
368
+ "includes": "results/models/**/*.json",
369
+ "name": "results/models/**/*.json"
370
  }
371
  ],
372
+ "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/8695",
373
+ "keywords": [
374
+ "exoplanets",
375
+ "climate emulation",
376
+ "benchmark",
377
+ "surrogate modeling",
378
+ "probabilistic prediction"
379
+ ],
380
+ "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
381
+ "name": "ThousandWorlds",
382
+ "rai:dataBiases": "The dataset reflects simulator, parameter-design, and preprocessing choices: ExoCAM and UM are target GCMs, auxiliary simulations are not uniformly represented across all benchmark subsets, and model behavior can depend on the released variable coverage and missing-field patterns.",
383
+ "rai:dataLimitations": "ThousandWorlds is a benchmark built from numerical exoplanet climate simulations, not observed planets. It is restricted to the released target physical domain, GCM choices, variables, spatial grid, temporal sampling, and benchmark split definitions, and should not be used as direct evidence for habitability, mission planning, or validated climate prediction outside those regimes.",
384
+ "rai:dataSocialImpact": "Potential benefits include reproducible comparison of climate-emulation methods and broader access to expensive simulation-derived benchmark data. Main risks are overinterpreting benchmark scores or synthetic simulation outputs as observational truth; mitigations include explicit split definitions, public baseline artifacts, documented limitations, and open release metadata.",
385
+ "rai:dataUseCases": "Validated use cases are benchmark development and evaluation for exoplanet climate emulation, surrogate modeling, missing-field handling, and probabilistic prediction over the released train/test protocols. The dataset is not validated for demographic fairness auditing, fine-tuning general-purpose AI systems, operational forecasting, or scientific claims beyond the documented simulation benchmark.",
386
+ "rai:hasSyntheticData": true,
387
+ "rai:personalSensitiveInformation": "The dataset contains synthetic/numerical climate simulation outputs and associated physical parameters only. It contains no human-subject data and no personal or sensitive information.",
388
  "recordSet": [
389
  {
 
390
  "@id": "inputs",
391
+ "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
392
  "description": "One row per simulation, containing physical input parameters, GCM labels, split-relevant metadata, and provenance labels.",
 
 
 
 
 
393
  "field": [
394
  {
 
395
  "@id": "inputs/simulation_id",
396
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
397
  "dataType": "sc:Integer",
398
  "description": "Integer simulation identifier used to index field archives, coefficient archives, split CSVs, and predictions.",
399
+ "name": "simulation_id",
400
  "source": {
401
  "extract": {
402
  "column": "simulation_id"
 
407
  }
408
  },
409
  {
 
410
  "@id": "inputs/radius",
411
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
412
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
413
  "description": "Planet radius in meters.",
414
+ "name": "radius",
415
  "source": {
416
  "extract": {
417
  "column": "radius"
 
422
  }
423
  },
424
  {
 
425
  "@id": "inputs/gravity",
426
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
427
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
428
  "description": "Surface gravity in meters per second squared.",
429
+ "name": "gravity",
430
  "source": {
431
  "extract": {
432
  "column": "gravity"
 
437
  }
438
  },
439
  {
 
440
  "@id": "inputs/rotation_period",
441
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
442
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
443
  "description": "Planet rotation period in Earth days.",
444
+ "name": "rotation_period",
445
  "source": {
446
  "extract": {
447
  "column": "rotation_period"
 
452
  }
453
  },
454
  {
 
455
  "@id": "inputs/surface_pressure",
456
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
457
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
458
  "description": "Surface pressure in pascals.",
459
+ "name": "surface_pressure",
460
  "source": {
461
  "extract": {
462
  "column": "surface_pressure"
 
467
  }
468
  },
469
  {
 
470
  "@id": "inputs/co2",
471
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
472
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
473
  "description": "Atmospheric CO2 setting used by the simulation.",
474
+ "name": "co2",
475
  "source": {
476
  "extract": {
477
  "column": "co2"
 
482
  }
483
  },
484
  {
 
485
  "@id": "inputs/ch4",
486
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
487
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
488
  "description": "Atmospheric CH4 setting used by the simulation.",
489
+ "name": "ch4",
490
  "source": {
491
  "extract": {
492
  "column": "ch4"
 
497
  }
498
  },
499
  {
 
500
  "@id": "inputs/stellar_flux",
501
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
502
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
503
  "description": "Incident stellar flux in watts per square meter.",
504
+ "name": "stellar_flux",
505
  "source": {
506
  "extract": {
507
  "column": "stellar_flux"
 
512
  }
513
  },
514
  {
 
515
  "@id": "inputs/stellar_temperature",
516
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
517
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
518
  "description": "Stellar effective temperature in kelvin.",
519
+ "name": "stellar_temperature",
520
  "source": {
521
  "extract": {
522
  "column": "stellar_temperature"
 
527
  }
528
  },
529
  {
 
530
  "@id": "inputs/gcm_label",
531
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
532
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
533
  "description": "General circulation model label for the simulation.",
534
+ "name": "gcm_label",
535
  "source": {
536
  "extract": {
537
  "column": "gcm_label"
 
542
  }
543
  },
544
  {
 
545
  "@id": "inputs/is_target_gcm",
546
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
547
  "dataType": "sc:Boolean",
548
  "description": "Whether the simulation is from a target GCM used in the main benchmark protocols.",
549
+ "name": "is_target_gcm",
550
  "source": {
551
  "extract": {
552
  "column": "is_target_gcm"
 
557
  }
558
  },
559
  {
 
560
  "@id": "inputs/in_target_physical_domain",
561
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
562
  "dataType": "sc:Boolean",
563
  "description": "Whether the simulation lies inside the benchmark target physical domain.",
564
+ "name": "in_target_physical_domain",
565
  "source": {
566
  "extract": {
567
  "column": "in_target_physical_domain"
 
572
  }
573
  },
574
  {
 
575
  "@id": "inputs/planet_id",
576
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
577
  "dataType": "sc:Integer",
578
  "description": "Planet identifier used to group cross-GCM simulations of the same planet.",
579
+ "name": "planet_id",
580
  "source": {
581
  "extract": {
582
  "column": "planet_id"
 
587
  }
588
  },
589
  {
 
590
  "@id": "inputs/source",
591
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
592
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
593
  "description": "Simulation provenance label.",
594
+ "name": "source",
595
  "source": {
596
  "extract": {
597
  "column": "source"
 
601
  }
602
  }
603
  }
604
+ ],
605
+ "key": [
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
606
  {
607
+ "@id": "inputs/simulation_id"
 
 
 
608
  }
609
  ],
610
+ "name": "inputs"
611
+ },
612
+ {
613
+ "@id": "subsets",
614
+ "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
615
  "data": [
616
  {
617
+ "subsets/description": "Broadest multi-GCM subset; allows structured whole-field missingness.",
618
+ "subsets/name": "multi-partial"
619
  },
620
  {
621
+ "subsets/description": "Multi-GCM subset restricted to fields observed for every included simulation.",
622
+ "subsets/name": "multi-complete"
623
  },
624
  {
625
+ "subsets/description": "Single-GCM subset restricted to complete observations.",
626
+ "subsets/name": "single-complete"
627
  }
628
+ ],
629
+ "dataType": "sc:Enumeration",
630
+ "description": "Canonical ThousandWorlds benchmark subsets.",
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
631
  "field": [
632
  {
633
+ "@id": "subsets/name",
634
  "@type": "cr:Field",
635
+ "dataType": "sc:Text",
636
+ "name": "name"
 
637
  },
638
  {
639
+ "@id": "subsets/description",
640
  "@type": "cr:Field",
641
+ "dataType": "sc:Text",
642
+ "name": "description"
 
643
  }
644
  ],
645
+ "key": {
646
+ "@id": "subsets/name"
647
+ },
648
+ "name": "subsets"
649
+ },
650
+ {
651
+ "@id": "partitions",
652
+ "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
653
  "data": [
654
  {
655
  "partitions/name": "train",
 
667
  "partitions/name": "held_out_aux",
668
  "partitions/url": "cr:TestSplit"
669
  }
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
670
  ],
671
+ "dataType": "cr:Split",
672
+ "description": "Canonical train/test partition names and their machine-readable ML partition semantics.",
673
  "field": [
674
  {
675
+ "@id": "partitions/name",
676
  "@type": "cr:Field",
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
677
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
678
+ "name": "name"
679
  },
680
  {
681
+ "@id": "partitions/url",
682
  "@type": "cr:Field",
 
 
683
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
684
+ "name": "url"
685
  }
686
  ],
687
+ "key": {
688
+ "@id": "partitions/name"
689
+ },
690
+ "name": "partitions"
691
+ },
692
+ {
693
+ "@id": "split_files",
694
+ "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
695
  "data": [
696
  {
 
697
  "split_files/partition": "train",
698
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-partial/train.csv",
699
+ "split_files/subset": "multi-partial"
700
  },
701
  {
 
702
  "split_files/partition": "test",
703
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-partial/test.csv",
704
+ "split_files/subset": "multi-partial"
705
  },
706
  {
 
707
  "split_files/partition": "test_shared_planets_only",
708
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-partial/test_shared_planets_only.csv",
709
+ "split_files/subset": "multi-partial"
710
  },
711
  {
 
712
  "split_files/partition": "held_out_aux",
713
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-partial/held_out_aux.csv",
714
+ "split_files/subset": "multi-partial"
715
  },
716
  {
 
717
  "split_files/partition": "train",
718
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-complete/train.csv",
719
+ "split_files/subset": "multi-complete"
720
  },
721
  {
 
722
  "split_files/partition": "test",
723
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-complete/test.csv",
724
+ "split_files/subset": "multi-complete"
725
  },
726
  {
 
727
  "split_files/partition": "test_shared_planets_only",
728
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-complete/test_shared_planets_only.csv",
729
+ "split_files/subset": "multi-complete"
730
  },
731
  {
 
732
  "split_files/partition": "held_out_aux",
733
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/multi-complete/held_out_aux.csv",
734
+ "split_files/subset": "multi-complete"
735
  },
736
  {
 
737
  "split_files/partition": "train",
738
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/single-complete/train.csv",
739
+ "split_files/subset": "single-complete"
740
  },
741
  {
 
742
  "split_files/partition": "test",
743
+ "split_files/path": "dataset/subsets/single-complete/test.csv",
744
+ "split_files/subset": "single-complete"
745
  }
746
+ ],
747
+ "dataType": "sc:Enumeration",
748
+ "description": "Canonical split membership CSV files. Each file contains one simulation_id column.",
749
+ "field": [
 
 
 
 
750
  {
751
+ "@id": "split_files/subset",
752
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
753
+ "dataType": "sc:Text",
754
+ "description": "Benchmark subset.",
755
+ "name": "subset"
756
  },
757
  {
758
+ "@id": "split_files/partition",
759
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
760
+ "dataType": "sc:Text",
761
+ "description": "Split file stem.",
762
+ "name": "partition"
763
  },
764
  {
765
+ "@id": "split_files/path",
766
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
767
+ "dataType": "sc:Text",
768
+ "description": "Path within dataset.tar.gz.",
769
+ "name": "path"
770
+ }
771
+ ],
772
+ "key": [
773
  {
774
+ "@id": "split_files/subset"
775
  },
776
  {
777
+ "@id": "split_files/partition"
778
  }
779
  ],
780
+ "name": "split_files"
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "@id": "baseline_scores",
784
+ "@type": "cr:RecordSet",
785
+ "description": "Flat per-variable baseline score table. One row corresponds to one subset, protocol, method, metric, and output variable.",
786
  "field": [
787
  {
 
788
  "@id": "baseline_scores/subset",
789
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
790
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
791
  "description": "Benchmark subset.",
792
+ "name": "subset",
793
  "source": {
794
  "extract": {
795
  "column": "subset"
 
800
  }
801
  },
802
  {
 
803
  "@id": "baseline_scores/protocol",
804
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
805
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
806
  "description": "Evaluation protocol.",
807
+ "name": "protocol",
808
  "source": {
809
  "extract": {
810
  "column": "protocol"
 
815
  }
816
  },
817
  {
 
818
  "@id": "baseline_scores/method",
819
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
820
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
821
  "description": "Baseline method name.",
822
+ "name": "method",
823
  "source": {
824
  "extract": {
825
  "column": "method"
 
830
  }
831
  },
832
  {
 
833
  "@id": "baseline_scores/metric",
834
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
835
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
836
  "description": "Metric name, such as rmse, energy_score, relative_rmse, or relative_energy_score.",
837
+ "name": "metric",
838
  "source": {
839
  "extract": {
840
  "column": "metric"
 
845
  }
846
  },
847
  {
 
848
  "@id": "baseline_scores/variable",
849
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
850
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
851
  "description": "Output variable name after field-level metrics are aggregated to variables.",
852
+ "name": "variable",
853
  "source": {
854
  "extract": {
855
  "column": "variable"
 
860
  }
861
  },
862
  {
 
863
  "@id": "baseline_scores/value",
864
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
865
  "dataType": "sc:Float",
866
  "description": "Metric value.",
867
+ "name": "value",
868
  "source": {
869
  "extract": {
870
  "column": "value"
 
875
  }
876
  },
877
  {
 
878
  "@id": "baseline_scores/metrics_path",
879
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
880
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
881
  "description": "Path to the metrics JSON file within the extracted results tree.",
882
+ "name": "metrics_path",
883
  "source": {
884
  "extract": {
885
  "column": "metrics_path"
 
890
  }
891
  },
892
  {
 
893
  "@id": "baseline_scores/predictions_path",
894
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
895
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
896
  "description": "Path to the prediction NPZ file within the extracted results tree.",
897
+ "name": "predictions_path",
898
  "source": {
899
  "extract": {
900
  "column": "predictions_path"
 
905
  }
906
  },
907
  {
 
908
  "@id": "baseline_scores/config_path",
909
+ "@type": "cr:Field",
910
  "dataType": "sc:Text",
911
  "description": "Path to the resolved baseline config JSON file within the extracted results tree.",
912
+ "name": "config_path",
913
  "source": {
914
  "extract": {
915
  "column": "config_path"
 
919
  }
920
  }
921
  }
922
+ ],
923
+ "key": [
924
+ {
925
+ "@id": "baseline_scores/subset"
926
+ },
927
+ {
928
+ "@id": "baseline_scores/protocol"
929
+ },
930
+ {
931
+ "@id": "baseline_scores/method"
932
+ },
933
+ {
934
+ "@id": "baseline_scores/metric"
935
+ },
936
+ {
937
+ "@id": "baseline_scores/variable"
938
+ }
939
+ ],
940
+ "name": "baseline_scores"
941
  }
942
  ],
943
+ "release_status": "released",
944
+ "url": "https://doi.org/10.57967/hf/8695",
945
+ "version": "2.0.0"
946
  }
inputs.csv CHANGED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
version.json CHANGED
@@ -1,10 +1,92 @@
1
  {
2
- "name": "ThousandWorlds",
3
- "version": "1.0.0",
4
- "hf_repo": "es833/ThousandWorlds",
5
- "hf_revision": "v1.0.0",
6
  "archives": {
7
- "dataset": "archives/dataset.tar.gz",
8
- "baselines": "archives/results-baselines-*.tar.gz"
9
- }
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10
  }
 
1
  {
 
 
 
 
2
  "archives": {
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+ "dataset.tar.gz": {
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+ "bytes": 837602811,
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+ }
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+ },
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+ "auxiliary_methods": [
65
+ "pca_ridge"
66
+ ],
67
+ "dataset_vintage": "tw-v2-aug20",
68
+ "headline_methods": [
69
+ "train_mean",
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+ "knn",
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+ "pca_gbt",
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+ "coord_mlp",
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+ "coord_deeponet",
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+ "pca_mlp",
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+ "conv_decoder",
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+ "sfno",
77
+ "ppca_icm",
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+ "gplfr"
79
+ ],
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+ "hf_repo": "es833/ThousandWorlds",
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+ "hf_revision": "v2.0.0",
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+ "name": "ThousandWorlds",
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+ "release_status": "released",
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+ "source_files": {
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+ "README.md": "928bb3d9ad0c203474c69b37590a9dca722550ab4e0a094d823f76471f696676",
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+ "croissant.json": "de1b7760b3992ca8b829de36aeaeae8c6513055634883fa8af7c7284ed8bd74e",
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+ "imgs/MASCOT.png": "6060a16f7361686d29b7b7998544a4edbb41ee853ccc3eacf84964e7639c0ed8",
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+ "imgs/OVERVIEW.png": "223d32ead45379fe1a422a26aa805b28857b803d85643e021e1b67dec6f797ab",
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+ "inputs.csv": "31f355893974960f8d25a27d5a02bb1a70886387360a86b8880ea567eb11de95"
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+ },
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+ "version": "2.0.0"
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  }