v2: revert value-altering substitutions from generation
Browse files12,120 rows (3.72%), 13,754 characters. A substitution is reverted only where the numeral still parses as a number and that number is different: a digit reading as a different digit (10,650), the currency marker reading as a digit (2,006), a decimal point vanishing or reading as a comma (1,026), a thousands separator reading as a decimal point (72). Row count, row order and every label are unchanged. Letter obfuscation is untouched. Adds a research-only LICENSE and the full change log under corrections/.
- LICENSE +43 -0
- README.md +163 -3
- corrections/v2_changes.csv +0 -0
- data/train-00000-of-00001.parquet +2 -2
LICENSE
ADDED
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BitAbuse / BitViper / BitCore — Research Use Only
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Copyright (c) 2025 Hanyong Lee, Chaelyn Lee, Yongjae Lee, Jaesung Lee
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These datasets accompany:
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Hanyong Lee, Chaelyn Lee, Yongjae Lee, and Jaesung Lee. 2025.
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BitAbuse: A Dataset of Visually Perturbed Texts for Defending Phishing Attacks.
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Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2025,
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pages 4367-4384. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-naacl.247
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TERMS
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1. Research use only. As stated in the paper's Limitations and Ethics Statement:
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"The datasets and models used in this paper are publicly available, but they
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should not be used for purposes other than research." No other use is
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permitted. In particular, no use may conduct, assist, or improve phishing,
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fraud, or other attacks.
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2. Attribution. Cite the paper above in any work that uses these datasets.
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3. No redistribution. Do not mirror or republish these datasets elsewhere. Link
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to the Hugging Face repositories instead, so that users receive the current
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revision rather than a stale copy. Quoting individual examples in a paper or
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report is not redistribution.
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4. Upstream data. The corpus derives from phishing reports collected from the
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Bitcoin Abuse Database (https://www.bitcoinabuse.com, accessed 2023-04-30),
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which was acquired by TRM Labs in October 2023 and folded into Chainabuse.
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Nothing here grants rights over that upstream material, and users are
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responsible for their own compliance with its terms.
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5. Content and identifiers. The texts are real phishing, sextortion and scam
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messages, and contain abusive and sexually coercive language. They also carry
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identifiers as they appeared in the original reports: bitcoin wallet
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addresses in payment demands, email addresses, URLs, and residual mail
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headers. Do not treat any of it as safe to reuse, and do not attempt to
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contact, identify, or authenticate against anyone or anything named in the
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data.
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6. No warranty. The datasets are provided "as is", without warranty of any kind,
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express or implied. The authors accept no liability for any claim, damage or
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other liability arising from their use.
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README.md
CHANGED
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---
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dataset_info:
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features:
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- name: id
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@@ -9,13 +12,170 @@ dataset_info:
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dtype: string
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_bytes:
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num_examples: 325580
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-
download_size:
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dataset_size:
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configs:
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- config_name: default
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: data/train-*
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---
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| 1 |
---
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+
license: other
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license_name: research-only
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license_link: LICENSE
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dataset_info:
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features:
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- name: id
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dtype: string
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splits:
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- name: train
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+
num_bytes: 72254030
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num_examples: 325580
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+
download_size: 45679005
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dataset_size: 72254030
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configs:
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- config_name: default
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: data/train-*
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size_categories:
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- 100K<n<1M
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---
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+
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# BitAbuse
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+
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Homoglyph-obfuscated abusive messages paired with their originals.
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`text` is the obfuscated form, `label` the original.
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BitAbuse is the union of two parts:
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[BitCore](https://huggingface.co/datasets/AutoML/bitcore), restored by hand, and
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[BitViper](https://huggingface.co/datasets/AutoML/bitviper), generated.
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```text
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bitabuse (325,580) = bitcore (26,591) + bitviper (298,989)
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```
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## Revisions
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| revision | rows | note |
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|---|---:|---|
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| `main` | 325,580 | original release, 2024-08-16 |
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| `v2` | 325,580 | value-altering substitutions reverted, 2026-08 |
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`main` is unchanged. Loading without a revision keeps the original behaviour.
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```python
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load_dataset("AutoML/bitabuse", revision="v2")
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```
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## What v2 changes
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Generation writes `text` from `label` by drawing, for each character, one of about
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twenty randomised look-alike targets. For most characters that is the point: the pair
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stays the same message, obfuscated. But a **numeral** can be drawn onto something that
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still parses as a numeral, and then the pair stops being an obfuscation and becomes two
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different claims.
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```text
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label same old bs as usual for the last 3.5 months.
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main sảme oⅠd ƅs aş usuaӀ for the lɵsț 3͒5 ӕoņths. <- reads as 35 months
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v2 sảme oⅠd ƅs aş usuaӀ for the lɵsț 3.5 ӕoņths.
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```
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The decimal point was drawn onto U+0352 COMBINING FERMATA, which attaches to the
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preceding character and disappears. Neither a reader nor a parser can notice.
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**The rule: revert a substitution when the numeral still parses as a number and that
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number is different. Nothing else.**
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| class | occurrences | example |
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|---|---:|---|
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| a digit reads as a different digit | 10,650 | `100%` → `109%` |
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| the currency marker reads as a digit | 2,006 | `740$` → `7409` |
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| a decimal point vanishes or reads as a comma | 1,026 | `3.5` → `3͒5`, `12.000` → `12،000` |
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| a thousands separator reads as a decimal point | 72 | `$9,524` → `$9․524` |
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**12,120 rows (3.72%), 13,754 characters.** Row count, row order and every `label` are
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unchanged, so indices into `main` remain valid.
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Every affected row is in the BitViper part. BitCore, whose pairs did not go through
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generation, carries none of them. The same correction is published as
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[`AutoML/bitviper`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/AutoML/bitviper) revision `v2`;
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BitCore is unaffected and has no v2.
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## What v2 does not change
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The test is whether the numeral still parses, not which codepoint was drawn.
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```text
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0 → u kept does not parse as a number; visibly corrupt
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0 → ս kept likewise, and identical in kind to 0 → u
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0 → 9 reverted parses, and the value changed
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2 → ߄ reverted NKO DIGIT FOUR parses as four
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0 → ߀ kept NKO DIGIT ZERO parses as zero, the same value
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5,000 → 5‚000 kept a low-9 quote still reads as a comma; the same number
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1,350 → 1350 kept a separator that vanishes costs no value
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hello, world → hello. world kept not inside a numeral at all
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```
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**Letter substitutions are never reverted.** They are the obfuscation the dataset exists
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to study.
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```text
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thinking → fhļnking visited → vjsited know → ķhow
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```
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`main` carries 5,000,593 substitutions, of which 4,759,927 replace a letter. All of them
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stay, along with punctuation obfuscation outside numerals.
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## What v2 still does not catch
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The correction is deliberately narrow, and these remain in `v2`:
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- **Currency swaps. 700 characters** where `$` was drawn onto `฿`, `₮` or `₵`. The number
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survives and the currency changes. A reader sees a different symbol rather than a
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different number, so these are treated as obfuscation.
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- **Numerals broken beyond reading.** Where a digit was drawn onto a letter or a symbol,
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the amount is unreadable rather than wrong, and v2 leaves it. `$500` → `ȿ5ȣ0` stays.
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- **Wallet and bitcoin addresses**, which are obfuscated throughout in both revisions.
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Do not treat any address in `text` as valid in either revision.
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If your task needs a guaranteed-clean numeral, use `label`.
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## Known effect
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**27 rows now have `text == label`.** Every substitution in those rows was a
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value-altering one, so reverting them leaves the row uncorrupted. No row in `main` had
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`text == label`. They are kept rather than dropped so that row indices stay aligned
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with `main`. Filter them out if your task requires every row to be obfuscated.
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```python
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ds = ds.filter(lambda r: r["text"] != r["label"])
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```
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## License and citation
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+
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Research use only. See `LICENSE`, and the paper's Ethics Statement: "The datasets
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and models used in this paper are publicly available, but they should not be used
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| 143 |
+
for purposes other than research."
|
| 144 |
+
|
| 145 |
+
The corpus derives from phishing reports collected from the Bitcoin Abuse Database.
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| 146 |
+
Nothing here grants rights over that upstream material.
|
| 147 |
+
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**Content warning.** These are real phishing, sextortion and scam messages. They
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contain abusive and sexually coercive language, and carry identifiers from the
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| 150 |
+
original reports — wallet addresses, email addresses, URLs and residual mail
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| 151 |
+
headers. Do not attempt to contact, identify, or authenticate against anything
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| 152 |
+
named in the data.
|
| 153 |
+
|
| 154 |
+
Redistribution is not permitted; link here rather than mirroring. Quoting
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| 155 |
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individual examples in a paper is not redistribution.
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+
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+
```bibtex
|
| 158 |
+
@inproceedings{lee-etal-2025-bitabuse,
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title = "{B}it{A}buse: A Dataset of Visually Perturbed Texts for Defending Phishing Attacks",
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| 160 |
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author = "Lee, Hanyong and Lee, Chaelyn and Lee, Yongjae and Lee, Jaesung",
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| 161 |
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editor = "Chiruzzo, Luis and Ritter, Alan and Wang, Lu",
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| 162 |
+
booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2025",
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+
month = apr,
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| 164 |
+
year = "2025",
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+
address = "Albuquerque, New Mexico",
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+
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
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| 167 |
+
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-naacl.247/",
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+
doi = "10.18653/v1/2025.findings-naacl.247",
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+
pages = "4367--4384",
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| 170 |
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ISBN = "979-8-89176-195-7",
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}
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```
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## Reproducing
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| 175 |
+
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`corrections/v2_changes.csv` lists every reverted character with its row id and position.
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The correction is deterministic and derives entirely from `main`: for each position
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| 178 |
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where `label` holds a digit, `$`, or a separator between two digits, the drawn character
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| 179 |
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is classified as reading like a numeral, a decimal point, a comma, nothing at all
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| 180 |
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(combining marks and format characters), or visible damage; the position is reverted only
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| 181 |
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when the numeral still parses and its value differs.
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corrections/v2_changes.csv
ADDED
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The diff for this file is too large to render.
See raw diff
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|
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data/train-00000-of-00001.parquet
CHANGED
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@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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-
oid sha256:
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-
size
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| 1 |
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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+
oid sha256:eb50c9670fcf81a2a0c48f0820bde0ef9c6d61e110abb7d9241ac5ea7891c159
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+
size 45679005
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