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apks/analyze_traffic.ps1

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+# =============================================================================
+#  Daily DoI traffic detection and behavioural analysis
+#  Requires: ripgrep (rg) in PATH, PowerShell 5.1+
+# =============================================================================
+
+#Requires -Version 5.1
+Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+# =============================================================================
+#  CONFIGURATION — edit these values before deploying
+# =============================================================================
+$Config = @{
+    # Folder containing your URL-log CSV files
+    LogFolder            = "$env:USERPROFILE\Downloads\URL_LOG"
+
+    # Where to save .txt reports (created automatically if absent)
+    ReportFolder         = "$env:USERPROFILE\Downloads\URL_LOG\Reports"
+
+    # NSFW wildcard blocklist
+    #BlocklistUrl         = "https://nsfw.oisd.nl/"
+    BlocklistUrl         = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hagezi/dns-blocklists/main/wildcard/nsfw-onlydomains.txt"
+    #BlocklistUrl         = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sjhgvr/oisd/refs/heads/main/oisd_nsfw.txt"
+    
+
+    # Re-download blocklist when cache is older than this many hours (0 = always)
+    BlocklistCacheHours  = 3
+
+    # Cached raw blocklist location
+    BlocklistCache       = "$env:TEMP\domains_doi_cache.txt"
+
+    # Compiled ripgrep pattern file (rebuilt when blocklist refreshes)
+    PatternFile          = "$env:TEMP\domains_doi_patterns.txt"
+
+    # Analyse only CSVs modified within this many days (0 = all files)
+    CSVMaxAgeDays        = 1
+
+    # CSV column indices (0-based). Adjust to match your log format.
+    ColTime              = 0
+    ColProtocol          = 1
+    ColSrcIP             = 2
+    ColSrcPort           = 3
+    ColDstIP             = 4
+    ColDstPort           = 5
+    ColURL               = 6
+    ColMAC               = 7
+    ColID                = 8
+
+    # Maximum rows to show in each ranked table
+    TopN                 = 15
+
+    # Minimum unique adult domains for "exploratory behaviour" flag
+    ExploratoryThreshold = 5
+
+    # Night-time window (inclusive hours, 24h clock)
+    NightStart           = 0
+    NightEnd             = 5
+
+    # Burst-behaviour threshold: hits from a single device in one hour
+    BurstThreshold       = 50
+}
+# =============================================================================
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Console helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+function Write-Header {
+    param([string]$Text, [string]$Char = "=", [int]$Width = 72)
+    $line = $Char * $Width
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host $line             -ForegroundColor Cyan
+    Write-Host "  $Text"        -ForegroundColor Cyan
+    Write-Host $line             -ForegroundColor Cyan
+}
+
+function Write-Section {
+    param([string]$Text)
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Host "  -- $Text --"                              -ForegroundColor Yellow
+    Write-Host ("  " + ("-" * ($Text.Length + 6)))         -ForegroundColor DarkYellow
+}
+
+function Write-Ok   { param([string]$m) Write-Host "  [OK]  $m" -ForegroundColor Green  }
+function Write-Warn { param([string]$m) Write-Host "  [!!]  $m" -ForegroundColor Yellow }
+function Write-Err  { param([string]$m) Write-Host "  [ERR] $m" -ForegroundColor Red    }
+function Write-Info { param([string]$m) Write-Host "  [>>]  $m" -ForegroundColor Gray   }
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Report buffer
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ReportLines = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
+function Add-ReportLine { param([string]$line = "") $ReportLines.Add($line) | Out-Null }
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  RFC-4180-aware CSV line parser (handles quoted fields with embedded commas)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+function Split-CsvLine {
+    param([string]$Line)
+    $fields  = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
+    $current = [System.Text.StringBuilder]::new()
+    $inQuote = $false
+
+    for ($i = 0; $i -lt $Line.Length; $i++) {
+        $ch = $Line[$i]
+        if ($inQuote) {
+            if ($ch -eq '"') {
+                # Peek ahead: escaped double-quote?
+                if (($i + 1) -lt $Line.Length -and $Line[$i + 1] -eq '"') {
+                    [void]$current.Append('"')
+                    $i++
+                } else {
+                    $inQuote = $false
+                }
+            } else {
+                [void]$current.Append($ch)
+            }
+        } else {
+            if      ($ch -eq '"') { $inQuote = $true }
+            elseif  ($ch -eq ',') { $fields.Add($current.ToString()); [void]$current.Clear() }
+            else                  { [void]$current.Append($ch) }
+        }
+    }
+    $fields.Add($current.ToString())   # last field
+    return ,$fields.ToArray()          # unary comma forces array return
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Extract the registrable domain (eTLD+1)
+#  e.g. "http://www.example.co.uk/path" → "example.co.uk"
+#  Falls back gracefully for IPs and bare hostnames.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+function Get-RegisteredDomain {
+    param([string]$Url)
+    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Url)) { return "(empty)" }
+    # Strip scheme, path, port, query, fragment
+    $hostname = $Url.Trim() `
+        -replace '^https?://', '' `
+        -replace '[/:?#].*$',  '' `
+        -replace '^\s+|\s+$',  ''
+    if ($hostname -eq '') { return $Url.Trim() }
+    $parts = $hostname -split '\.'
+    if ($parts.Count -ge 2) {
+        return (($parts[-2] + '.' + $parts[-1]).ToLower())
+    }
+    return $hostname.ToLower()
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Multi-format datetime parser — returns $null on failure
+#  (handles logs with varying timestamp formats)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+function Parse-Time {
+    param([string]$Raw)
+    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($Raw)) { return $null }
+    $dt = $null
+    $formats = @(
+        "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss",
+        "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss",
+        "MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss",
+        "dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm:ss",
+        "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff",
+        "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fff"
+    )
+    foreach ($fmt in $formats) {
+        $parsed = [datetime]::new(1, 1, 1)
+        if ([datetime]::TryParseExact(
+                $Raw.Trim(),
+                [string]$fmt,
+                [System.Globalization.CultureInfo]::InvariantCulture,
+                [System.Globalization.DateTimeStyles]::None,
+                [ref]$parsed)) {
+            return $parsed
+        }
+    }
+    # Last-resort general parse
+    if ([datetime]::TryParse($Raw.Trim(), [ref]$dt)) { return $dt }
+    return $null
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Banner
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$RunTime  = Get-Date
+$RunStamp = $RunTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")
+
+Write-Header "Domains of Interest (DoI) TRAFFIC ANALYSER  |  $RunStamp"
+Write-Info "Log folder    : $($Config.LogFolder)"
+Write-Info "Report folder : $($Config.ReportFolder)"
+Write-Info "PowerShell    : $($PSVersionTable.PSVersion)"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 1 — Ensure report folder exists
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+if (-not (Test-Path $Config.ReportFolder -PathType Container)) {
+    try {
+        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $Config.ReportFolder -Force | Out-Null
+        Write-Ok "Created report folder: $($Config.ReportFolder)"
+    } catch {
+        Write-Err "Cannot create report folder: $($_.Exception.Message)"
+        exit 1
+    }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 2 — Validate log folder
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+if (-not (Test-Path $Config.LogFolder -PathType Container)) {
+    Write-Err "Log folder not found: $($Config.LogFolder)"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 3 — Verify ripgrep is available (fail fast before any heavy work)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Write-Section "Dependency Check"
+
+if (-not (Get-Command rg -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
+    Write-Err "'rg' (ripgrep) not found in PATH."
+    Write-Info "Install options:"
+    Write-Info "  winget : winget install BurntSushi.ripgrep.MSVC"
+    Write-Info "  choco  : choco install ripgrep"
+    Write-Info "  scoop  : scoop install ripgrep"
+    Write-Info "  manual : https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/releases"
+    exit 1
+}
+$rgVersion = (& rg --version 2>&1 | Select-Object -First 1)
+Write-Ok "ripgrep found — $rgVersion"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 4 — Download / cache blocklist
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Write-Section "Blocklist"
+
+$needDownload = $true
+if (Test-Path $Config.BlocklistCache) {
+    $cacheAge = (Get-Date) - (Get-Item $Config.BlocklistCache).LastWriteTime
+    if ($Config.BlocklistCacheHours -gt 0 -and $cacheAge.TotalHours -lt $Config.BlocklistCacheHours) {
+        Write-Ok "Using cached blocklist (age: $([math]::Round($cacheAge.TotalHours,1)) hrs) <== $($Config.BlocklistCache)"
+        $needDownload = $false
+    } else {
+        Write-Info "Cache expired ($([math]::Round($cacheAge.TotalHours,1)) hrs) — re-downloading"
+    }
+}
+
+if ($needDownload) {
+    Write-Info "Downloading blocklist from [$($Config.BlocklistUrl)] ..."
+    $downloaded = $false
+    $maxRetries = 3
+    for ($attempt = 1; $attempt -le $maxRetries; $attempt++) {
+        try {
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $Config.BlocklistUrl `
+                              -OutFile $Config.BlocklistCache `
+                              -UseBasicParsing `
+                              -TimeoutSec 45 `
+                              -ErrorAction Stop
+            $downloaded = $true
+            Write-Ok "Blocklist downloaded successfully (attempt $attempt)"
+            break
+        } catch {
+            Write-Warn "Attempt $attempt/$maxRetries failed: $($_.Exception.Message)"
+            if ($attempt -lt $maxRetries) { Start-Sleep -Seconds (3 * $attempt) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (-not $downloaded) {
+        if (Test-Path $Config.BlocklistCache) {
+            Write-Warn "Download failed — falling back to stale cache"
+        } else {
+            Write-Err "No blocklist available (download failed, no cache). Aborting."
+            exit 1
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+# Validate cache is non-empty
+if ((Get-Item $Config.BlocklistCache).Length -eq 0) {
+    Write-Err "Blocklist cache file is empty (corrupt download?). Delete '$($Config.BlocklistCache)' and retry."
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Parse blocklist metadata comments
+$rawLines     = Get-Content $Config.BlocklistCache -Encoding UTF8
+$metaVersion  = (($rawLines | Where-Object { $_ -match '^#\s*Version:'           }) | Select-Object -First 1) -replace '^#\s*Version:\s*',           ''
+$metaModified = (($rawLines | Where-Object { $_ -match '^#\s*Last modified:'     }) | Select-Object -First 1) -replace '^#\s*Last modified:\s*',     ''
+$metaCount    = (($rawLines | Where-Object { $_ -match '^#\s*Number of entries:' }) | Select-Object -First 1) -replace '^#\s*Number of entries:\s*', ''
+
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($metaVersion))  { $metaVersion  = "unknown" }
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($metaModified)) { $metaModified = "unknown" }
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($metaCount))    { $metaCount    = "unknown" }
+
+Write-Info "Blocklist version : $metaVersion"
+Write-Info "Last modified     : $metaModified"
+Write-Info "Domain count      : $metaCount"
+
+# Build ripgrep pattern file
+# FIX: use a placeholder string instead of PS variable interpolation inside the
+#      regex template — avoids '$' being swallowed by the PS string expander.
+Write-Info "Building regex pattern file..."
+$domains = $rawLines |
+    Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '^\s*#' -and $_ -notmatch '^\s*$' } |
+    ForEach-Object { $_.Trim() } |
+    Where-Object { $_ -ne '' }
+
+if ($domains.Count -eq 0) {
+    Write-Err "Blocklist parsed 0 domains — file may be corrupt. Delete '$($Config.BlocklistCache)' and retry."
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Pattern matches the domain (with optional sub-domain) inside a URL field,
+# terminated by /, :, ?, #, or end-of-field.
+$patternTemplate = 'https?://(?:[^/,\s]+\.)?DOMAIN_PLACEHOLDER(?:[/:?#,]|$)'
+$domains | ForEach-Object {
+    $escaped = [regex]::Escape($_)
+    $patternTemplate -replace 'DOMAIN_PLACEHOLDER', $escaped
+} | Set-Content $Config.PatternFile -Encoding UTF8
+
+Write-Ok "Pattern file built ($($domains.Count) patterns → $($Config.PatternFile))"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 5 — Find CSV files
+#  FIX: resolve the Reports subfolder path and exclude it so we never scan
+#       previously saved reports (prevents double-counting on re-runs).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Write-Section "CSV Files"
+
+$resolvedReportFolder = $null
+try {
+    $resolvedReportFolder = (Resolve-Path $Config.ReportFolder -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)?.Path
+} catch { }
+
+$csvFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path $Config.LogFolder -Filter '*.csv' -File |
+    Where-Object {
+        ($null -eq $resolvedReportFolder -or
+         -not $_.FullName.StartsWith($resolvedReportFolder,
+             [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)) -and
+        ($Config.CSVMaxAgeDays -eq 0 -or
+         ((Get-Date) - $_.LastWriteTime).TotalDays -le $Config.CSVMaxAgeDays)
+    } |
+    Sort-Object LastWriteTime
+
+if ($csvFiles.Count -eq 0) {
+    Write-Warn "No CSV files found in '$($Config.LogFolder)' within the last $($Config.CSVMaxAgeDays) day(s)."
+    Write-Info "Tip: set CSVMaxAgeDays = 0 in `$Config to scan all files regardless of age."
+    exit 0
+}
+
+$totalSizeMB = [math]::Round(($csvFiles | Measure-Object -Property Length -Sum).Sum / 1MB, 2)
+Write-Ok "$($csvFiles.Count) CSV file(s) found  ($totalSizeMB MB total)"
+foreach ($f in $csvFiles) {
+    Write-Info "  $($f.Name)  [$([math]::Round($f.Length/1MB,2)) MB]  modified $($f.LastWriteTime.ToString('yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm'))"
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 6 — Run ripgrep (batched to stay under compiled-regex size limit)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Write-Section "Scanning"
+
+$allPatterns  = Get-Content $Config.PatternFile -Encoding UTF8
+$batchSize    = 5000
+$batches      = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string[]]]::new()
+
+for ($i = 0; $i -lt $allPatterns.Count; $i += $batchSize) {
+    $batches.Add($allPatterns[$i .. [math]::Min($i + $batchSize - 1, $allPatterns.Count - 1)])
+}
+
+Write-Info "Running ripgrep in $($batches.Count) batch(es) of up to $batchSize patterns each..."
+$sw          = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
+$matchLines  = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]::new()
+$batchNum    = 0
+
+foreach ($batch in $batches) {
+    $batchNum++
+    $tmpPattern = Join-Path $env:TEMP "domains_batch_$batchNum.txt"
+    $batch | Set-Content $tmpPattern -Encoding UTF8
+
+    $rgArgs = @(
+        '--file',          $tmpPattern,
+        '--no-filename',
+        '--no-line-number',
+        '--no-heading',
+        '--ignore-case'
+    ) + ($csvFiles | ForEach-Object { $_.FullName })
+
+    $savedEAP = $ErrorActionPreference
+    $ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"
+    $rawMatches = & rg @rgArgs 2>&1
+    $rgExitCode = $LASTEXITCODE
+    $ErrorActionPreference = $savedEAP
+
+    if ($rgExitCode -gt 1) {
+        $rgErrors = @($rawMatches | Where-Object { $_ -match '^rg:' })
+        Write-Err "ripgrep batch $batchNum returned error code $rgExitCode"
+        foreach ($e in $rgErrors) { Write-Err "  $e" }
+        exit 1
+    }
+
+    $batchMatches = @(
+        $rawMatches |
+        Where-Object { $_ -is [string] -and $_ -notmatch '^rg:' -and $_.Trim() -ne '' }
+    )
+    #$matchLines.AddRange($batchMatches)
+    if ($null -ne $batchMatches -and $batchMatches.Count -gt 0) {
+        $matchLines.AddRange([string[]]@($batchMatches))
+    } 
+    Write-Info "  Batch $batchNum/$($batches.Count) — $($batchMatches.Count) hit(s)"
+
+    Remove-Item $tmpPattern -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+    
+}
+# Deduplicate across batches (a line matching 2+ patterns would appear twice)
+Write-Info "Sorting & DeDupilicating ..."
+$matchLines = [System.Collections.Generic.List[string]]($matchLines | Select-Object -Unique)
+
+$sw.Stop()
+Write-Info "Scan completed in $($sw.Elapsed.TotalSeconds.ToString('F1')) seconds"
+Write-Ok   "Scan complete — $($matchLines.Count) matching log line(s) found"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 7 — Parse matches into structured objects
+#  FIX: use RFC-4180-aware Split-CsvLine (handles quoted fields with commas)
+#       and Parse-Time (handles multiple timestamp formats).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Write-Section "Parsing"
+
+$skipped = 0
+$records = [System.Collections.Generic.List[PSCustomObject]]::new()
+
+foreach ($line in $matchLines) {
+    $parts   = Split-CsvLine -Line $line
+    $minCols = ([math]::Max($Config.ColURL, $Config.ColMAC)) + 1
+
+    if ($parts.Count -lt $minCols) {
+        $skipped++
+        continue
+    }
+
+    $rawTime = $parts[$Config.ColTime].Trim()
+    $rawUrl  = $parts[$Config.ColURL].Trim()
+    $rawMAC  = $parts[$Config.ColMAC].Trim()
+
+    # Normalise missing MAC so grouping still works
+    if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($rawMAC)) { $rawMAC = "(no-mac)" }
+
+    # Use multi-format parser for robust timestamp handling
+    $parsedDt   = Parse-Time $rawTime
+    $parsedHour = if ($null -ne $parsedDt) { $parsedDt.Hour } else { -1 }
+
+    $records.Add([PSCustomObject]@{
+        Time     = $rawTime
+        DateTime = $parsedDt
+        Hour     = $parsedHour
+        Protocol = $parts[$Config.ColProtocol].Trim()
+        SrcIP    = $parts[$Config.ColSrcIP].Trim()
+        SrcPort  = $parts[$Config.ColSrcPort].Trim()
+        DstIP    = $parts[$Config.ColDstIP].Trim()
+        DstPort  = $parts[$Config.ColDstPort].Trim()
+        URL      = $rawUrl
+        MAC      = $rawMAC
+        ID       = if ($parts.Count -gt $Config.ColID) { $parts[$Config.ColID].Trim() } else { '' }
+        Domain   = Get-RegisteredDomain -Url $rawUrl
+    })
+}
+
+if ($skipped -gt 0) {
+    Write-Warn "$skipped line(s) skipped (too few columns / malformed)"
+}
+
+if ($records.Count -eq 0) {
+    Write-Warn "All matched lines failed to parse — check your column index settings in `$Config."
+    exit 1
+}
+
+$totalHits     = $records.Count
+$uniqueMACs    = ($records | Select-Object -ExpandProperty MAC    -Unique).Count
+$uniqueDomains = ($records | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Domain -Unique).Count
+$uniqueIPs     = ($records | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SrcIP  -Unique).Count
+
+Write-Ok "Parsed $totalHits records  |  $uniqueMACs device(s)  |  $uniqueIPs IP(s)  |  $uniqueDomains domain(s)"
+
+# Pre-compute grouped data reused across multiple report sections
+$deviceGroups = $records | Group-Object MAC    | Sort-Object Count -Descending | Select-Object -First $Config.TopN
+$domainGroups = $records | Group-Object Domain | Sort-Object Count -Descending | Select-Object -First $Config.TopN
+
+$hourData = $records | Where-Object { $_.Hour -ge 0 } | Group-Object Hour | Sort-Object { [int]$_.Name }
+$maxHits  = if ($hourData.Count -gt 0) { ($hourData | Measure-Object -Property Count -Maximum).Maximum } else { 1 }
+if ($null -eq $maxHits -or $maxHits -eq 0) { $maxHits = 1 }
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 8 — Build report
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Write-Section "Building Report"
+
+$sep     = "=" * 72
+$sep2    = "-" * 72
+$maxBar  = 40
+
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine "  DoI TRAFFIC ANALYSIS REPORT"
+Add-ReportLine "  Generated  : $RunStamp"
+Add-ReportLine "  Log Folder : $($Config.LogFolder)"
+Add-ReportLine "  Blocklist  : List v$metaVersion ($metaModified)"
+Add-ReportLine "  Scan time  : $($sw.Elapsed.TotalSeconds.ToString('F1'))s  |  Skipped lines: $skipped"
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# ── Summary ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Add-ReportLine "  SUMMARY"
+Add-ReportLine $sep2
+Add-ReportLine ("  Total matching log entries : {0,6}"  -f $totalHits)
+Add-ReportLine ("  Unique devices (MAC)       : {0,6}"  -f $uniqueMACs)
+Add-ReportLine ("  Unique source IPs          : {0,6}"  -f $uniqueIPs)
+Add-ReportLine ("  Unique adult domains hit   : {0,6}"  -f $uniqueDomains)
+Add-ReportLine ("  Files scanned              : {0,6}"  -f $csvFiles.Count)
+Add-ReportLine ("  Skipped / malformed rows   : {0,6}"  -f $skipped)
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# ── [A] Top Offending Devices ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine "  [A] TOP OFFENDING DEVICES  (top $($Config.TopN))"
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+foreach ($dg in $deviceGroups) {
+    $ips   = ($dg.Group | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SrcIP  -Unique | Sort-Object) -join ", "
+    $sites = @($dg.Group | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Domain -Unique | Sort-Object)
+    # Use DateTime-sorted order when available, fall back to raw string sort
+    $sortedByTime = @($dg.Group | Where-Object { $null -ne $_.DateTime } | Sort-Object DateTime)
+    if ($sortedByTime.Count -gt 0) {
+        $first = $sortedByTime[0].Time
+        $last  = $sortedByTime[-1].Time
+    } else {
+        $sortedRaw = @($dg.Group | Sort-Object Time)
+        $first = $sortedRaw[0].Time
+        $last  = $sortedRaw[-1].Time
+    }
+
+    Add-ReportLine ("  MAC    : {0}" -f $dg.Name)
+    Add-ReportLine ("  IP(s)  : {0}" -f $ips)
+    Add-ReportLine ("  Hits   : {0}" -f $dg.Count)
+    Add-ReportLine ("  Window : {0}  →  {1}" -f $first, $last)
+    Add-ReportLine ("  Sites ({0}):" -f $sites.Count)
+    foreach ($s in $sites) { Add-ReportLine ("      - {0}" -f $s) }
+    Add-ReportLine $sep2
+}
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# ── [B] Top Adult Domains ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine "  [B] TOP ADULT DOMAINS  (top $($Config.TopN))"
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine ""
+Add-ReportLine ("  {0,-45} {1,7}  {2}" -f "Domain", "Hits", "Devices (MAC)")
+Add-ReportLine ("  {0,-45} {1,7}  {2}" -f ("-" * 45), ("-" * 7), ("-" * 30))
+
+foreach ($dg in $domainGroups) {
+    $devs = ($dg.Group | Select-Object -ExpandProperty MAC -Unique | Sort-Object) -join ", "
+    if ($devs.Length -gt 60) { $devs = $devs.Substring(0, 57) + "..." }
+    Add-ReportLine ("  {0,-45} {1,7}  {2}" -f $dg.Name, $dg.Count, $devs)
+}
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# ── [C] Activity Timeline ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine "  [C] ACTIVITY TIMELINE  (hits per hour)"
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+if ($hourData.Count -gt 0) {
+    foreach ($hg in $hourData) {
+        $barLen = [math]::Round(([int]$hg.Count / $maxHits) * $maxBar)
+        $bar    = "#" * $barLen
+        $label  = "{0:D2}:00" -f [int]$hg.Name
+        Add-ReportLine ("  {0}  {1,-42} {2,5} hits" -f $label, $bar, $hg.Count)
+    }
+} else {
+    Add-ReportLine "  (No parseable timestamps — timeline unavailable)"
+}
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# ── [D] Protocol Breakdown ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine "  [D] PROTOCOL BREAKDOWN"
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+$records | Group-Object Protocol | Sort-Object Count -Descending | ForEach-Object {
+    $pct = if ($totalHits -gt 0) { $_.Count / $totalHits * 100 } else { 0 }
+    Add-ReportLine ("  {0,-10} {1,6} hits  ({2:F1}%)" -f $_.Name, $_.Count, $pct)
+}
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# ── [E] Top Destination Ports ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine "  [E] TOP DESTINATION PORTS"
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine ""
+Add-ReportLine ("  {0,-8} {1,8}  {2}" -f "Port", "Hits", "% of total")
+Add-ReportLine ("  {0,-8} {1,8}" -f ("-" * 8), ("-" * 8))
+
+$records |
+    Where-Object { -not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_.DstPort) } |
+    Group-Object DstPort | Sort-Object Count -Descending | Select-Object -First 10 |
+    ForEach-Object {
+        $pct = if ($totalHits -gt 0) { $_.Count / $totalHits * 100 } else { 0 }
+        Add-ReportLine ("  {0,-8} {1,8}  ({2:F1}%)" -f $_.Name, $_.Count, $pct)
+    }
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# ── [F] Behavioural Patterns ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine "  [F] BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS"
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# Peak hour
+if ($hourData.Count -gt 0) {
+    $peakHour = $hourData | Sort-Object Count -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
+    Add-ReportLine ("  Peak activity hour     : {0:D2}:00  ({1} hits)" -f [int]$peakHour.Name, $peakHour.Count)
+} else {
+    Add-ReportLine "  Peak activity hour     : N/A (timestamps unparseable)"
+}
+
+# Night-time hits
+$nightHits = ($records |
+    Where-Object { $_.Hour -ge $Config.NightStart -and $_.Hour -le $Config.NightEnd } |
+    Measure-Object).Count
+$nightPct  = if ($totalHits -gt 0) { $nightHits / $totalHits * 100 } else { 0 }
+Add-ReportLine ("  Night hits ({0:D2}-{1:D2}h)      : {2}  ({3:F1}% of total)" -f `
+    $Config.NightStart, $Config.NightEnd, $nightHits, $nightPct)
+
+# Most active device
+if ($deviceGroups.Count -gt 0) {
+    $topDevice   = $deviceGroups | Select-Object -First 1
+    $topDevSites = ($topDevice.Group | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Domain -Unique).Count
+    Add-ReportLine ("  Most active device     : {0}  ({1} hits, {2} unique sites)" -f `
+        $topDevice.Name, $topDevice.Count, $topDevSites)
+}
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# Exploratory behaviour — devices hitting many unique domains
+Add-ReportLine ("  Devices with {0}+ unique adult domains (exploratory behaviour):" -f $Config.ExploratoryThreshold)
+$foundExploratory = $false
+$deviceGroups | ForEach-Object {
+    $uniq = @($_.Group | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Domain -Unique).Count
+    if ($uniq -ge $Config.ExploratoryThreshold) {
+        $foundExploratory = $true
+        $ip = ($_.Group | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SrcIP -Unique | Sort-Object) -join ", "
+        Add-ReportLine ("    {0}  ({1})  —  {2} unique domains,  {3} total hits" -f $_.Name, $ip, $uniq, $_.Count)
+    }
+}
+if (-not $foundExploratory) { Add-ReportLine "    None" }
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# Sustained sessions — device active across multiple hours
+Add-ReportLine "  Devices with sessions spanning multiple hours:"
+$foundMultiHour = $false
+$deviceGroups | ForEach-Object {
+    $hours = @($_.Group |
+        Where-Object { $_.Hour -ge 0 } |
+        Select-Object -ExpandProperty Hour -Unique | Sort-Object)
+    if ($hours.Count -gt 1) {
+        $foundMultiHour = $true
+        $ip   = ($_.Group | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SrcIP -Unique | Sort-Object) -join ", "
+        $span = "{0:D2}:00 — {1:D2}:59" -f [int]$hours[0], [int]$hours[-1]
+        Add-ReportLine ("    {0}  ({1})  —  active {2}  ({3} distinct hours)" -f $_.Name, $ip, $span, $hours.Count)
+    }
+}
+if (-not $foundMultiHour) { Add-ReportLine "    None" }
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# Burst behaviour — devices with >BurstThreshold hits in a single hour
+Add-ReportLine ("  Devices with >{0} hits in a single hour (burst/automated behaviour):" -f $Config.BurstThreshold)
+$foundBurst = $false
+$deviceGroups | ForEach-Object {
+    $mac      = $_.Name
+    $burstHrs = $_.Group |
+        Where-Object { $_.Hour -ge 0 } |
+        Group-Object Hour |
+        Where-Object { $_.Count -gt $Config.BurstThreshold }
+    foreach ($bh in $burstHrs) {
+        $foundBurst = $true
+        $ip = ($_.Group | Select-Object -ExpandProperty SrcIP -Unique | Sort-Object) -join ", "
+        Add-ReportLine ("    {0}  ({1})  —  {2} hits at {3:D2}:00" -f $mac, $ip, $bh.Count, [int]$bh.Name)
+    }
+}
+if (-not $foundBurst) { Add-ReportLine "    None" }
+Add-ReportLine ""
+
+# ── Footer ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+Add-ReportLine ("  End of report  |  $RunStamp")
+Add-ReportLine $sep
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 9 — Print report to terminal with colour coding
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Write-Header "ANALYSIS REPORT"
+foreach ($line in $ReportLines) {
+    if     ($line -match '^\s*MAC\s*:')                { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor Cyan       }
+    elseif ($line -match '^\s*Hits\s*:')               { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor Red        }
+    elseif ($line -match '^\s*-\s+\S')                 { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor DarkRed    }
+    elseif ($line -match '^\s*\[')                     { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor Yellow     }
+    elseif ($line -match '^=+$')                       { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor DarkCyan   }
+    elseif ($line -match '^-+$')                       { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor DarkGray   }
+    elseif ($line -match '#')                          { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor DarkYellow }
+    elseif ($line -match 'RESULT:.*No DoI')           { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor Green      }
+    elseif ($line -match 'Peak|Night|Most active|burst') { Write-Host $line -ForegroundColor Magenta  }
+    else                                               { Write-Host $line                             }
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#  Step 10 — Save report to disk (with fallback to %TEMP% on failure)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$reportName = "DoI_Report_" + $RunTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd_HHmm") + ".txt"
+$reportPath = Join-Path $Config.ReportFolder $reportName
+
+try {
+    $ReportLines | Set-Content -Path $reportPath -Encoding UTF8 -ErrorAction Stop
+    Write-Host ""
+    Write-Ok "Report saved → $reportPath"
+} catch {
+    Write-Err "Failed to save report to '$reportPath': $($_.Exception.Message)"
+    $fallback = Join-Path $env:TEMP $reportName
+    try {
+        $ReportLines | Set-Content -Path $fallback -Encoding UTF8
+        Write-Warn "Saved to fallback location: $fallback"
+    } catch {
+        Write-Err "Fallback save also failed: $($_.Exception.Message)"
+    }
+}
+
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Info "Done.  Total runtime: $($sw.Elapsed.ToString('mm\:ss\.ff'))"
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Header "DONE"