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Most scientific studies have found no link between uranium and birth defects, but some claim statistical correlations between soldiers exposed to DU, and those who were not, concerning reproductive abnormalities.
One study found epidemiological evidence for increased risk of birth defects in the offspring of persons ex... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pol II-transcribed genes contain a region in the immediate vicinity of the transcription start site (TSS) that binds and positions the preinitiation complex. This region is called the core promoter because of its essential role in transcription initiation. Different classes of sequence elements are found in the promote... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium hydroxide is industrially produced as a 50% solution by variations of the electrolytic chloralkali process. Chlorine gas is also produced in this process. Solid sodium hydroxide is obtained from this solution by the evaporation of water. Solid sodium hydroxide is most commonly sold as flakes, prills, and cast bl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The American History Museum of the Smithsonian has several spinthariscopes in its collections, and an article discussing them. However, none are currently on display. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Upon binding of LH to the external part of the membrane spanning receptor, a transduction of the signal takes place. This process results in the activation of a heterotrimeric G protein. Binding of LH to the receptor shifts its conformation. The activated receptor promotes the binding of GTP to the G protein and its su... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
RAPD markers are decamer (10 nucleotides long) DNA fragments from PCR amplification of random segments of genomic DNA with a single primer of arbitrary nucleotide sequence and which are able to differentiate between genetically distinct individuals, although not necessarily in a reproducible way.
It is used to analyze ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfide is an angular functional group, the C–S–C angle approaching 90° The C–S bonds are about 180 pm.
For the prototype, dimethylsulfide, the C-S-C angles is 99°, which is smaller than the C-O-C angle in ether (~110°). The C-S distance in dimethylsulfide is 1.81 Å.
Sulfides are characterized by their strong odors, w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An induction furnace consists of a nonconductive crucible holding the charge of metal to be melted, surrounded by a coil of copper wire. A powerful alternating current flows through the wire. The coil creates a rapidly reversing magnetic field that penetrates the metal. The magnetic field induces eddy currents, cir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Wetlands are frequently applied to solve the issue of eutrophication. Nitrate is transformed in wetlands to free nitrogen and discharged to the air. Phosphorus is adsorbed by wetland soils which are taken up by the plants. Therefore, wetlands could help to reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus to remit a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fallout comes in two varieties. The first is a small amount of carcinogenic material with a long half-life. The second, depending on the height of detonation, is a large quantity of radioactive dust and sand with a short half-life.
All nuclear explosions produce fission products, un-fissioned nuclear material, and weap... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The latter stages of the revolution was fuelled by the 1789 publication of Lavoisiers Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elements of Chemistry). Beginning with this publication and others to follow, Lavoisier synthesised the work of others and coined the term "oxygen". Antoine Lavoisier represented the chemical revolution... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Geometrical isomers of carboranes can exist on the basis of the various locations of carbon within the cage. Isomers necessitate the use of the numerical prefixes in a compounds name. The closo'-dicarbadecaborane can exist in three isomers: 1,2-, 1,7-, and 1,12-. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Heteroleptic complexes containing chloride are numerous. Most hydrated metal halides are members of this class. Hexamminecobalt(III) chloride and Cisplatin (cis-Pt(NH)Cl) are prominent examples of metal-ammine-chlorides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A typical pressure injection cell holds a micro-tube or a vial in its central chamber. A small magnetic stir bar can be used to keep the particles in suspension. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a homologous series is a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched, or differ by molecular formula of and molecular mass of 14u. This can be the length of a carbon chain, for example in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A reaction rate can have a negative partial order with respect to a substance. For example, the conversion of ozone (O) to oxygen follows the rate equation in an excess of oxygen. This corresponds to second order in ozone and order (−1) with respect to oxygen.
When a partial order is negative, the overall order is usu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The planets of the Solar System are divided into two groups: the four inner planets are the terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars), with relatively small sizes and rocky surfaces. The four outer planets are the giant planets, which are dominated by hydrogen and helium and have lower mean densities. These ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Testican is a type of proteoglycan. Testican-1 is a highly conserved, multidomain proteoglycan that is most prominently expressed in the thalamus, and is upregulated in activated astroglial cells of the cerebrum. Several functions of this gene product have now been demonstrated in vitro including membrane-type matrix m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The full 3D representation of crystallographic texture is given by the orientation distribution function (ODF) which can be achieved through evaluation of a set of pole figures or diffraction patterns. Subsequently, all pole figures can be derived from the ODF.
The ODF is defined as the volume fraction of grains with ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bacterial RNA polymerase, a leading enzyme involved in formation of a transcription bubble, uses DNA template to guide RNA synthesis. It is present in two main forms: as a core enzyme, when it is inactive, and as a holoenzyme, when it is activated. A sigma (σ) factor is a subunit that assists the process of transcr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAR1A gene. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry, a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature) of a compound is another compound whose molecule has the same number of atoms of each element, but with logically distinct bonds between them. The term metamer was formerly used for the same concept.
For example, butanol , methyl pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In certain cases, the plane stress model can be used in the analysis of gently curved surfaces. For example,
consider a thin-walled cylinder subjected to an axial compressive load uniformly distributed along its rim, and filled with a pressurized fluid. The internal pressure will generate a reactive hoop stress on the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A sol is a colloidal suspension made out of tiny solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. Sols are stable and exhibit the Tyndall effect, which is the scattering of light by the particles in the colloid. Examples include amongst others blood, pigmented ink, cell fluids, paint, antacids and mud.
Artificial sols c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Examples of the application of ICP-AES include the determination of metals in wine, arsenic in food, and trace elements bound to proteins. ICP-AES methods are used to test for metals contamination in drinking water and wastewater.
ICP-AES is widely used in minerals processing to provide the data on grades of various st... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As outlined above, an efficient pV cell requires a material with an optical phonon mode more energetic than the bandgap, which in turn is much more energetic than the thermal energy at the intended operating temperature . Furthermore, the pV cell requires a material wherein a hot optical phonon prefers to produce an el... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the processing of dairy milk, for example during cheese making, syneresis is the formation of the curd due to the sudden removal of the hydrophilic macropeptides, which causes an imbalance in intermolecular forces. Bonds between hydrophobic sites start to develop and are enforced by calcium bonds, which form as the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1980s and 1990s, silicon carbide was studied in several research programs for high-temperature gas turbines in Europe, Japan and the United States. The components were intended to replace nickel superalloy turbine blades or nozzle vanes. However, none of these projects resulted in a production quantity, mainly b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Kurt Martin Mislow (June 5, 1923 – October 5, 2017) was a German-born American organic chemist who specialized in stereochemistry.
Born in Berlin on June 5, 1923, Mislow had moved to London by 1938, after some time in Milan. With the help of his uncle Alfred Eisenstaedt, Mislows family left London for New York City in ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As early as 1938, G. N. Lewis pointed out that the relative strength of an acid or base depended upon the base or acid against which it was measured. No single rank order of acid or base strength can predict the energetics of the cross reaction. Consider the following pair of acid–base reactions:.
: 4F-CHOH + OEt −ΔH... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Immunomagnetic separation involves purified antigens biotinylated and bound to streptoavidin-coated paramagnetic particles. The raw sample is mixed with the beads, then a specific magnet is used to hold the target organisms against the vial wall and the non-bound material is poured off. This method can be used to recov... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) is a field-effect transistor used for measuring ion concentrations in solution; when the ion concentration (such as H, see pH scale) changes, the current through the transistor will change accordingly. Here, the solution is used as the gate electrode. A voltage between s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Signal peptides are extremely heterogeneous, many prokaryotic and eukaryotic ones are functionally interchangeable within or between species and all determine protein secretion efficiency. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Partition equilibrium is a special case of chemical equilibrium wherein one or more solutes are in equilibrium between two immiscible solvents. The most common chemical equilibrium systems involve reactants and products in the same phase - either all gases or all solutions. However, it is also possible to get equilibri... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Proteins and other molecules are constantly in competition with one another over binding sites on a surface. The Vroman Effect, developed by Leo Vroman, postulates that small and abundant molecules will be the first to coat a surface. However, over time, molecules with higher affinity for that particular surface will r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Hoffmann kiln is a series of batch process kilns. Hoffmann kilns are the most common kiln used in production of bricks and some other ceramic products. Patented by German Friedrich Hoffmann for brickmaking in 1858, it was later used for lime-burning, and was known as the Hoffmann continuous kiln. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gold mined from the Cordillera Mountain Range were brought down to the coast through the Aringay-Tonglo-Balatok gold trail, making commercial trade centers out of Aringay and the neighboring settlement of Agoo, whose coast at the time was shaped in such a way that it was a good harbor for foreign vessels coming into Li... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphonates feature tetrahedral phosphorus centers. They are structurally closely related to (and often prepared from) phosphorous acid.
Phosphonate salts are the result of deprotonation of phosphonic acids, which are diprotic acids:
:RPO(OH) + NaOH → HO + RPO(OH)(ONa) (monosodium phosphonate)
:RPO(OH)(ONa) + NaOH → H... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A cocurrent heat exchanger is an example of a cocurrent flow exchange mechanism. <br />
Two tubes have a liquid flowing in the same direction. One starts off hot at 60 °C, the second cold at 20 °C. A thermoconductive membrane or an open section allows heat transfer between the two flows.
The hot fluid heats the cold on... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Birch reduction is a possible method to reduce reduces aromatic compounds into cycloalkenes, specifically cyclohexadiene. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For a single, nonrelativistic particle of mass m, in zero magnetic field, the transition dipole moment between two energy eigenstates ψ and ψ can alternatively be written in terms of the momentum operator, using the relationship
This relationship can be proven starting from the commutation relation between position x a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By a wide margin, wet pipe sprinkler systems are installed more often than all other types of fire sprinkler systems. They also are the most reliable, because they are simple, with the only operating components being the automatic sprinklers and (commonly, but not always) the automatic alarm check valve. An automatic w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The organic ligands of the interfacial layer can influence the photoluminescence (PL) of a nanoparticle via various mechanisms, two of which are surface passivation and carrier trapping.
Surface passivation: At the surface of an uncovered nanoparticle (without an interfacial layer) dangling atoms are found. These bonds... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The design of a constructed wetland can greatly effect the surrounding environment. A wide range of skills and knowledge is needed in the construction and can easily be detrimental to the site if not done correctly. A long list of professions ranging from civil engineers to hydrologists to wildlife biologists to landsc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ISO 31-8 is the part of international standard ISO 31 that defines names and symbols for quantities and units related to physical chemistry and molecular physics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Throughout history, extraction and purification methods have evolved from standard chromatographic methods to the utilisation of affinity tags. However, the final extraction and purification process undertaken highly depends on the chosen expression system. Please refer to subunit expression and synthesis for more insi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Robert John Ferrier FRSNZ, FNZIC, (7 August 1932 – 11 July 2013) was an organic chemist who discovered two chemical reactions, the Ferrier rearrangement and the Ferrier carbocyclization. Originally from Edinburgh, he moved to Wellington, New Zealand, in 1970. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For laminar (smooth) flows, it is a consequence of Poiseuille's law (which stems from an exact classical solution for the fluid flow) that
where is the Reynolds number
and where is the viscosity of the fluid and
is known as the kinematic viscosity. In this expression for Reynolds number, the characteristic length i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1929, Rinkel proposed a different method to calculate while using the Rüchardt apparatus: he noted that it may be shown that the vertical distance L which the sphere falls before it begin to rise is: , so may be calculated from measured values of L, m, V, P and A.
In 1951, Koehler and later, in 1972 Flammersfeld i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hydrodynamic entrance region refers to the area of a pipe where fluid entering a pipe develops a velocity profile due to viscous forces propagating from the interior wall of a pipe. This region is characterized by a non-uniform flow. The fluid enters a pipe at a uniform velocity, then fluid particles in the layer i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Base-catalyzed transesterification reacts lipids (fats and oils) with alcohol (typically methanol or ethanol) to produce biodiesel and an impure coproduct, glycerol. If the feedstock oil is used or has a high acid content, acid-catalyzed esterification can be used to react fatty acids with alcohol to produce biodiesel.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ADAM17 is understood to be involved in the processing of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) at the surface of the cell, and from within the intracellular membranes of the trans-Golgi network. This process, which is also known as shedding, involves the cleavage and release of a soluble ectodomain from membrane-bound pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Electron transfer self-exchange rates can be also determined with the experimental value of line-width and chemical shift. Sharp peaks of diamagnetic compounds can be broadened during the electron transfer with its partner paramagnetic compound (one-electron oxidized species), since paramagnetic compounds exhibit broad... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
From the equivalent circuit it is evident that the current produced by the solar cell is equal to that produced by the current source, minus that which flows through the diode, minus that which flows through the shunt resistor:
where
*I, output current (ampere)
*I, photogenerated current (ampere)
*I, diode current (amp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As the name suggests, surge margin provides a measure of how close an operating point is to surge. Unfortunately, there are a number of different definitions of surge margin. A popular one in use is defined as follows:
where:
is the mass flow at the operating point, be it steady state or transient
is the mass flow at... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rigid unit modes (RUMs) represent a class of lattice vibrations or phonons that exist in network materials such as quartz, cristobalite or zirconium tungstate. Network materials can be described as three-dimensional networks of polyhedral groups of atoms such as SiO tetrahedra or TiO octahedra. A RUM is a lattice vibra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After some years in the planning and enabling phase, the [http://www.geotraces.org/science/science-plan GEOTRACES Science Plan] was published in 2006 and the GEOTRACES programme formally launched its seagoing effort in January 2010. This phase is expected to last a decade. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The 25 year record of ocean carbon measurements at Station ALOHA document that the partial pressure of (p) in the mixed layer is increasing at a rate slightly greater than the trend observed in the atmosphere. This has been accompanied by progressive decreases in seawater pH. Although the effect of anthropogenic is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
C NMR spectroscopy is much less sensitive (ca. by 4 orders of magnitude) to carbon than H NMR spectroscopy is to hydrogen, because of the lower abundance (1.1%) of C compared to H (>99%), and because of a lower(0.702 vs. 2.8) nuclear magnetic moment. Stated equivalently, the gyromagnetic ratio (6.728284 10 rad T s) is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The C-O bonds that comprise simple ethers are strong. They are unreactive toward all but the strongest bases. Although generally of low chemical reactivity, they are more reactive than alkanes.
Specialized ethers such as epoxides, ketals, and acetals are unrepresentative classes of ethers and are discussed in separate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In this formalism, a liquid crystal material is treated as a continuum; molecular details are entirely ignored. Rather, this theory considers perturbations to a presumed oriented sample. The distortions of the liquid crystal are commonly described by the Frank free energy density. One can identify three types of distor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
BASys (Bacterial Annotation System) is a freely available web server that can be used to perform automated, comprehensive annotation of bacterial genomes. With the advent of next generation DNA sequencing it is now possible to sequence the complete genome of a bacterium (typically ~4 million bases) within a single day.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first recorded observation of capillary action was by Leonardo da Vinci. A former student of Galileo, Niccolò Aggiunti, was said to have investigated capillary action. In 1660, capillary action was still a novelty to the Irish chemist Robert Boyle, when he reported that "some inquisitive French Men" had observed ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfur is present in the environment in solids, gases, and aqueous species. Sulfur-containing solids on Earth include the common minerals pyrite (FeS), galena (PbS), and gypsum (CaSO•2HO). Sulfur is also an important component of biological material, including in the essential amino acids cysteine and methionine, the B... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term dross derives from the Old English word dros, meaning the scum produced when smelting metals (extracting them from their ores). By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general. Dregs, and the geological term druse are also thought to be etymologically related. Popular non-metalworking uses of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As the ordinate scale spans the entire range of theoretically possible vales, from to one can see at a glance at an Eadie–Hofstee plot how well the experimental design fills the theoretical design space, and the plot makes it impossible to hide poor design. By contrast, the other well known straight-line plots make ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PyBOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxytripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) is a peptide coupling reagent used in solid phase peptide synthesis. It is used as a substitute for the BOP reagent - avoiding the formation of the carcinogenic waste product HMPA. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Chemical Engineer is a monthly chemical engineering technical and news magazine published by the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE). It has technical articles of interest to practitioners and educators, and also addresses current events in world of chemical engineering including research, international busi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
OCOs measurements are designed to be accurate enough to show for the first time the geographic distribution of carbon dioxide sources and sinks on a regional scale. The data is planned to improve the understanding of the global carbon cycle, the natural processes and human activities that influence the abundance and di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thomas and George Cranege (also spelled Cranage), who worked in the ironworking industry in England in the 1760s, are notable for introducing a new method of producing wrought iron from pig iron. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In gas dynamics, Chaplygin's equation, named after Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin (1902), is a partial differential equation useful in the study of transonic flow. It is
Here, is the speed of sound, determined by the equation of state of the fluid and conservation of energy. For polytropic gases, we have , where is the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1999 Robinson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand. In 2010 he was awarded a Marsden Medal by the New Zealand Association of Scientists, in recognition of his lifetime contribution to science. He was also a Fellow of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, and the Society of Perfumers and Flavour... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To successfully sink a caisson, it's imperative that the flow velocity within the closing gap is minimized; thus, the operation is conducted during slack water. Given the extremely brief period during which the current is genuinely still, the sinking process must commence while the tidal flow remains at a manageable lo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rif is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (more specifically a GTPase), and is a member of the Rho family of GTPases. It is primarily active in the brain and plays a physiological role in the formation of neuronal dendritic spine. This process is regulated by FARP1, a type of activator for RhoA GTPases. Alternativel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Diagnostic biomarkers give intervention-independent information on identifying or aid in identifying if there is a presence or absence of the disease or a disease subcategory/subphenotype status. An example is the traumatic brain injury (TBI) blood-based biomarker test consisted of measuring the levels of neuronal Ubiq... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Constructed wetland systems can be surface flow systems with only free-floating macrophytes, floating-leaved macrophytes, or submerged macrophytes; however, typical free water surface systems are usually constructed with emergent macrophytes. Subsurface flow-constructed wetlands with a vertical or a horizontal flow reg... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iron can be stored in ferritin as ferric iron due to the ferroxidase activity of the ferritin heavy chain. Dysfunctional ferritin may accumulate as hemosiderin, which can be problematic in cases of iron overload. The ferritin storage iron pool is much larger than the labile iron pool, ranging in concentration from 0.7 ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phage display is a laboratory technique for the study of protein–protein, protein–peptide, and protein–DNA interactions that uses bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to connect proteins with the genetic information that encodes them. In this technique, a gene encoding a protein of interest is inserted into a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Asian Conference on Electrochemical Power Sources (ACEPS) is a series of scientific conferences focusing on electrochemical power sources that is held in East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia at different locations each time. It was initiated by Professor Zempachi Ogumi in Japan in 2006, and has subsequently bee... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, Bickley jet is a steady two-dimensional laminar plane jet with large jet Reynolds number emerging into the fluid at rest, named after W. G. Bickley, who gave the analytical solution in 1937, to the problem derived by Schlichting in 1933 and the corresponding problem in axisymmetric coordinates is cal... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CaL is usually designed using a dual fluidised bed system to ensure sufficient contact between the gas streams and the sorbent. The calciner and carbonator are fluidised beds with associated process equipment for separating the gases and solids attached (such as cyclones). Calcination is an endothermic process and as s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are the main examples of polynucleotides. They arise by condensation of nucleotides. Their backbones form by the condensation of a hydroxy group on a ribose with the phosphate group on another ribose. This linkage is called a phosphodiester bond. The condensation i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is an enzyme that combines bicarbonate and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form the four-carbon acid, oxaloacetate. It is an important enzyme in C4 photosynthesis and anaplerotic pathways. It is also responsible for the position-specific enrichment of oxaloacetate, due to the equilib... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fibroblast-populated Skin Substitutes are scaffolds which contain fibroblasts that are able to proliferate and produce extracellular matrix and growth factors within 2 to 3 weeks. This creates a matrix similar to that of a dermis.
Commercially available types are for example:
* Dermagraft
* Apligraf
* Orcel
* Polyact... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Jameson Cell reportedly has the following advantages:
* relatively low energy use – the only energy that is required to operate the Cell is to pump the slurry through the slurry lens. This means that it requires significantly less electricity than conventional mechanical or column flotation cells. In addition, the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jonas Asevicius-Acus-Acukas (July 29, 1885 in Jieznas – July 11, 1976 in Kaunas) was a Lithuanian army officer and chemist. From 1909 to 1918, he served in the Imperial Russian Army at Kaunas Fortress. He fought in the First World War and the Russian Civil War. In 1921 he returned to Lithuania and was mobilized into th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The nutritional value of sea salt and table salt are about the same as they are both primarily sodium chloride. Table salt is more processed than sea salt to eliminate minerals and usually contains an additive such as silicon dioxide to prevent clumping.
Iodine, an element essential for human health, is present only in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A symmetry of a Euclidean graph is an isometry of the underlying Euclidean space whose restriction to the graph is an automorphism; the symmetry group of the Euclidean graph is the group of its symmetries. A Euclidean graph in three-dimensional Euclidean space is periodic if there exist three linearly independent trans... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
EDC couples primary amines, and other nucleophiles, to carboxylic acids by creating an activated ester leaving group. First, the carbonyl of the acid attacks the carbodiimide of EDC, and there is a subsequent proton transfer. The primary amine then attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid which forms a tetrahedral inter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Of special interest are ion-abundant liquid media (such as ionic liquids, molten salts, liquid electrolytes, etc.), which represent “liquid ions” with excellent tunable properties for different applications. The systems are famous for their ability to solvent-solute self-organization phenomena and are often employed in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most simply, the greater the steric hindrance the more difficult it is for reactions to take place, and the radical form is favored by default. For example, compare the hydrogen-abstracted form of N-hydroxypiperidine to the molecule TEMPO. TEMPO, or (2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl, is too sterically hindered by... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In prokaryotes, the 5’ NAD+ modification is established by bacterial RNAP during transcription initiation and has been shown to display functions analogous to those of the eukaryotic 5’ cap. In-vitro transcribed NAD-modified RNA was shown to be more resistant to RNase E, the main enzyme in the decay pathway of E. coli.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ethnoarchaeology has been widely used in conjunction with experimental archaeology using the techniques of modern peoples as analogues to the processes of the past. The attempted use of ethnology in archaeology tries to counteract the cultural distance of the researcher from process by changing the context of experimen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Emollients, anti-pruritics, antifungals, antiseptics, scabicides, pediculicides, tar products, vitamin A derivatives, vitamin D analogues, keratolytics, abrasives, systemic antibiotics, topical antibiotics, hormones, desloughing agents, exudate absorbents, fibrinolytics, proteolytics, sunscreens, antiperspirants, corti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fusion–fission designs essentially replace the lithium blanket with a blanket of fission fuel, either natural uranium ore or even nuclear waste. The fusion neutrons have more than enough energy to cause fission in the U, as well as many of the other elements in the fuel, including some of the transuranic waste elements... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cross-sectional area of the flow is calculated from a depth measurement and the average velocity of the flow is measured directly (Doppler and propeller methods are common). Velocity times the cross-sectional area yields a flow rate which can be integrated into volumetric flow. There are two types of area velocity ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Water temperature
* Specific conductance or electrical conductance (EC) or conductivity
* Total suspended solids (TSS)
* Transparency or turbidity
* Water clarity
* Total dissolved solids (TDS)
* Odour of water
* Color of water (such as Forel-Ule scale or Pt/Co scale)
* Taste of water | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The composition of gases present in the soils pores, referred to commonly as the soil atmosphere or atmosphere of the soil, is similar to that of the Earths atmosphere. Unlike the atmosphere, moreover, soil gas composition is less stagnant due to the various chemical and biological processes taking place in the soil. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Virtual screening is a very useful application when it comes to identifying hit molecules as a beginning for medicinal chemistry. As the virtual screening approach begins to become a more vital and substantial technique within the medicinal chemistry industry the approach has had an expeditious increase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In molecular biology and genetics, a blot is a method of transferring large biomolecules (proteins, DNA or RNA) onto a carrier, such as a membrane composed of nitrocellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride or nylon. In many instances, this is done after a gel electrophoresis, transferring the molecules from the gel onto the b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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