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https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/04%3A_Molecular_Orbital_Theory/4.07%3A_Periodic_Trends_in__Bonding | 4.7: Periodic Trends in π Bonding
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As we noted in Section 2.3, pπ-bonding almost always involves a second-row element.
We encounter π-bonding from the sideways overlap of p-orbitals in the MO diagrams of second-row diatomics (B 2 …O 2 ). It is important to remember that π-bonds are weaker ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/04%3A_Molecular_Orbital_Theory/4.08%3A_Three-center_Bonding | 4.8: Three-center Bonding
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Many (but not all) of the problems we will solve with MO theory derive from the MO diagram of the H
2
molecule (Fig.
2.1.5
), which is a case of two-center bonding. The rest we will solve by analogy to the H
3
+
ion, which introduces the concept of three-center b... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/04%3A_Molecular_Orbital_Theory/4.09%3A_Building_up_the_MOs_of_More_Complex_Molecules-_NH_P | 4.9: Building up the MOs of More Complex Molecules- NH₃, P₄
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MO diagram for NH 3
We can now attempt the MO diagram for NH 3 , building on the result we obtained with triangular H 3 + .
Notes on the MO diagram for ammonia:
- Viewed end-on, a p-orbital or an sp x hybrid orbital looks just li... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/04%3A_Molecular_Orbital_Theory/4.10%3A_Homology_of__and__orbitals_in_MO_diagrams | 4.10: Homology of σ and π orbitals in MO diagrams
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The ozone molecule (and related 18e molecules that contain three non-H atoms, such as NO 2 - and the allyl anion [CH 2 -CH-CH 2 ] - ) is an example of 3-center 4-electron π-bonding. Our MO treatment of ozone is entirely analogous to the 4-... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/04%3A_Molecular_Orbital_Theory/4.11%3A_Chains_and_Rings_of_-Conjugated_Systems | 4.11: Chains and Rings of π-Conjugated Systems
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Ethylene: The π system is analogous to σ-bonding in H 2
Viewed from the top or bottom, the ethylene π-orbitals look like the H 2 σ orbitals. Thus we can map solutions from chains and rings of H atoms onto chains and rings of π-orbitals (as we... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/04%3A_Molecular_Orbital_Theory/4.13%3A_Problems | 4.13: Problems
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1. The ionization energy of a hydrogen atom is 1312 kJ/mol and the bond dissociation energy of the H 2 + molecular ion is 256 kJ/mol. The overlap integral S for the H 2 + molecular ion is given by the expression S = (1 + R/a 0 + R 2 /3a 0 2 )exp(-R/a 0 ), where R is the bon... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/04%3A_Molecular_Orbital_Theory/4.14%3A_References | Skip to main content
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More precisely, in the case of a complex wavefunction φ, the probability is the product of φ and its complex conjugate φ*
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Hoffmann, R. (1963). "An Extended Hückel Theory. I. Hydrocarbons.".
J. Chem. Phys.
39
(6): 1397–1412. doi:
10.1063/1.1734456
. Bibcode:
1963JChPh..39.1397H
.
-
Cotton, F. A.... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/07%3A_Metals_and_Alloys-_Structure_Bonding_Electronic_and_Magnetic_Properties | 7: Metals and Alloys- Structure, Bonding, Electronic and Magnetic Properties
Learning Objectives
- Identify and assign unit cells, coordination numbers, asymmetric units, numbers of atoms contained within a unit cell, and the fraction of space filled in a given structure.
- Relate molecular orbital theory to the deloca... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/07%3A_Metals_and_Alloys-_Structure_Bonding_Electronic_and_Magnetic_Properties/7.01%3A_Prelude_to_Metals_and_Alloys | 7.1: Prelude to Metals and Alloys
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In the chemistry of molecular compounds, we are accustomed to the idea that properties depend strongly on structure. For example we can rationalize the polarity of the water molecule based on its shape. We also know that tw... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/07%3A_Metals_and_Alloys-_Structure_Bonding_Electronic_and_Magnetic_Properties/7.02%3A_Unit_Cells_and_Crystal_Structures | 7.2: Unit Cells and Crystal Structures
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Crystals can be thought of as repeating patterns, much like wallpaper or bathroom tiles, but in three dimensions. The fundamental repeating unit of the crystal is called the unit cell . It is a three dimensional shape that can be repeated over and ov... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/07%3A_Metals_and_Alloys-_Structure_Bonding_Electronic_and_Magnetic_Properties/7.03%3A_Bravais_Lattices | 7.3: Bravais Lattices
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Crystal lattices can be classified by their translational and rotational symmetry . In three-dimensional crytals, these symmetry operations yield 14 distinct lattice types which are called Bravais lattices . In these lattice diagrams (shown below) the dots represent ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/07%3A_Metals_and_Alloys-_Structure_Bonding_Electronic_and_Magnetic_Properties/7.04%3A_Crystal_Structures_of_Metals | 7.4: Crystal Structures of Metals
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The Crystalline Nature of Metals
All metallic elements (except Cs, Ga, and Hg) are crystalline solids at room temperature. Like ionic solids, metals and alloys have a very strong tendency to crystallize, whether they are made by thermal processing or by o... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/07%3A_Metals_and_Alloys-_Structure_Bonding_Electronic_and_Magnetic_Properties/7.06%3A_Conduction_in_Metals | 7.6: Conduction in Metals
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In metals, the valence electrons are in molecular orbitals that extend over the entire crystal lattice. As we will learn in Chapter 7, metals are almost always crystalline and the individual crystal grains are typically micron size. This means that the spatial ex... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/07%3A_Metals_and_Alloys-_Structure_Bonding_Electronic_and_Magnetic_Properties/7.09%3A_Hard_and_Soft_Magnets | 7.9: Hard and Soft Magnets
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Whether a ferro- or ferrimagnetic material is a hard or a soft magnet depends on the strength of the magnetic field needed to align the magnetic domains. This property is characterized by H c , the coercivity. Hard magnets have a high coercivity (H c ), and thus... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/07%3A_Metals_and_Alloys-_Structure_Bonding_Electronic_and_Magnetic_Properties/7.11%3A_Problems | 7.11: Problems
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1. C-centered Bravais lattices exist in the monoclinic and orthorhombic systems but not in the tetragonal system. That is because the C-centered tetragonal lattice is equivalent to one of the other Bravais lattices. Which one is it? Show with a drawing how that lattice is r... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/08%3A_Metals_and_Alloys_-_Mechanical_Properties | 8: Metals and Alloys - Mechanical Properties
Learning Objectives
- Understand the structure of dislocations and grain boundaries and their role in controlling the mechanical properties of solids.
- Explain why the mechanical properties of bcc metals and alloys differ from those with close packed structures.
- Explain t... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/08%3A_Metals_and_Alloys_-_Mechanical_Properties/8.01%3A_Defects_in_Metallic_Crystals | 8.1: Defects in Metallic Crystals
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“Crystals are like people, it is the defects in them which tend to make them interesting!” - Colin Humphreys.
Metals, by virtue of their non-directional bonding, are more energetically tolerant of defects than are covalent ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/08%3A_Metals_and_Alloys_-_Mechanical_Properties/8.02%3A_Work_Hardening_Alloying_and_Annealing | 8.2: Work Hardening, Alloying, and Annealing
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One of the questions we would like to ask is, why are the yield stresses of normal (polycrystalline) metal samples so much lower (by a factor of 1000) than they are in perfect single crystals? The answer has to do with the motion of dislocation... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/08%3A_Metals_and_Alloys_-_Mechanical_Properties/8.03%3A_Malleability_of_Metals_and_Alloys | 8.3: Malleability of Metals and Alloys
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Metals with close-packed structures (HCP and FCC) such as copper, gold, silver, zinc, magnesium, etc. are in general more malleable than those with the BCC structure (tungsten, vanadium, chromium, etc.). Why? In the cl... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/08%3A_Metals_and_Alloys_-_Mechanical_Properties/8.04%3A_Iron_and_Steel | 8.4: Iron and Steel
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One other very important place where the difference between the hardness of a BCC and a close-packed metal is important is in steelmaking. Between room temperature and 912 o C, iron has the BCC structure, and is a tough, hard metal ("tough as nails"). Above 912 o C, pu... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/08%3A_Metals_and_Alloys_-_Mechanical_Properties/8.05%3A_Amorphous_Alloys | 8.5: Amorphous Alloys
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Alloys of metals with more complex stoichiometries can be made in amorphous form by slower cooling from the melt. These alloys have been prepared and studied since the 1960s, and since the 1990s amorphous alloys have been discovered th... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/08%3A_Metals_and_Alloys_-_Mechanical_Properties/8.06%3A_Discussion_Questions | Skip to main content
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Discuss the thermodynamics of work hardening and annealing in terms of the microscopic picture of defects in metallic crystals.
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In your pocket or purse, you may have a brass key, which is an alloy of Cu and Zn. How do the mechanical properties of this alloy depend on its structure, and why don'... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/08%3A_Metals_and_Alloys_-_Mechanical_Properties/8.07%3A_Problems | 8.7: Problems
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1. Show in a drawing how a planar dislocation moves through a solid under stress.
2. Why is a metal sample that has been annealed more malleable than one that has been work hardened? Explain which state of the metal has smaller crystal grains ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/08%3A_Metals_and_Alloys_-_Mechanical_Properties/8.08%3A_References | 8.8: References Last updated Save as PDF Page ID 344504 P. Caron and T. Khan (1999), Evolution of Ni-based superalloys for single crystal gas turbine blade applications, Aerospace Science and Technology, 3, 513–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1270-9638(99)00108-X Libermann H. and Graham C. (1976). "Production Of Amorph... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures | 9: Ionic and Covalent Solids - Structures
Learning Objectives
- Describe many crystal structures in terms of close-packed frameworks with systematic filling of octahedral and tetrahedral holes.
- Represent crystal structures by drawing them in sections.
- Rationalize, using chemical principles, why certain crystal stru... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures/9.01%3A_Prelude_to_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures | 9.1: Prelude to Ionic and Covalent Solids - Structures
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As we noted in our discussion of metal and alloy structures in Chapter 6, there is an intimate connection between the structures and the physical properties of materials. As we "graduate" from simple me... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures/9.02%3A_Close-packing_and_Interstitial_Sites | 9.2: Close-packing and Interstitial Sites
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Many common inorganic crystals have structures that are related to cubic close packed (face-centered cubic) or hexagonal close packed sphere packings. These packing lattices contain two types of sites or "holes" that the interstitial atoms fill, a... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures/9.03%3A_Structures_Related_to_NaCl_and_NiAs | 9.3: Structures Related to NaCl and NiAs
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There are a number of compounds that have structures similar to that of NaCl, but have a lower symmetry (usually imposed by the geometry of the anion) than NaCl itself. These compounds include:
- FeS 2 (pyrite, "fools gold"): S 2 2 - (disulfide) an... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures/9.04%3A_Tetrahedral_Structures | 9.4: Tetrahedral Structures
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In ccp and hcp lattices, there are two tetrahedral holes per packing atom. A stoichiometry of either M 2 X or MX 2 gives a structure that fills all tetrahedral sites, while an MX structure fills only half of the sites. An example of an MX 2 structure is fluorit... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures/9.05%3A_Layered_Structures_and_Intercalation_Reactions | 9.5: Layered Structures and Intercalation Reactions
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Layered structures are characterized by strong (and typically covalent) bonding between atoms in two dimensions and weaker bonding in the third. A broad range of compounds including metal halides, oxides, sulfides, selenides, borides, ni... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures/9.06%3A_Bonding_in_TiS_MoS_and_Pyrite_Structures | 9.6: Bonding in TiS₂, MoS₂, and Pyrite Structures
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Many layered dichalcogenides, such as TiS 2 and ZrS 2 , have the CdI 2 structure. In these compounds, as we have noted above, the metal ions are octahedrally coordinated by S. Interestingly, the structures of MoS 2 and WS 2 , while they ar... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures/9.08%3A_Discussion_Questions | Skip to main content
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Using the Liverpool 3D visualization website (
http://www.chemtube3d.com/solidstate/_table.htm
) determine the anion and cation coordination geometries in cadmium chloride and anatase. Describe the arrangement of octahedra (in terms of whether they share edges, faces, etc.) in these structures.
-... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures/9.09%3A_Problems | 9.9: Problems
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1. For each of the following close packed layer sequences, indicate the name of the structure (structure type), the coordination environment of the cations (represented by lower case letters), and the coordination environment of the anions (upper case letters). Give two addi... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/09%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Structures/9.10%3A_References | Skip to main content
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K. Mizushima, P.C. Jones, P.J. Wiseman, J.B. Goodenough (1980). "Li
x
CoO
2
(0<x<l): A New Cathode Material for Batteries of High Energy Density".
Materials Research Bulletin
15
: 783–789. doi:
10.1016/0025-5408(80)90012-4
.
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Yang Shao-Horn, Laurence Croguennec, Claude Delmas, E. Chris Nelson an... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics | 10: Ionic and Covalent Solids - Energetics
Learning Objectives
- Understand the geometric basis of radius ratio rules.
- Understand the chemical basis of structure maps and why they are better predictors of crystal structures than radius ratios.
- Use the Born-Mayer and Kapustinskii equations to calculate lattice energ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.01%3A_Ionic_Radii_and_Radius_Ratios | 10.1: Ionic Radii and Radius Ratios
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Atoms in crystals are held together by electrostatic forces, van der Waals interactions, and covalent bonding. It follows that arrangements of atoms that can maximize the strength of these attractive interactions should be most favorable and lead to the... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.02%3A_Structure_Maps | 10.2: Structure Maps
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Structure maps, which plot structures against properties such electronegativity, are more consistent than radius ratio rules in correctly predicting coordination numbers and crystal structures. One of the early examples of this approach... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.03%3A_Energetics_of_Crystalline_Solids-_The_Ionic_Model | 10.3: Energetics of Crystalline Solids- The Ionic Model
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Many ionic compounds have simple structures. Because the forces holding the atoms together are primarily electrostatic, we can calculate the cohesive energy of the crystal lattice with good accuracy. Interesting questions to ask abou... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.04%3A_Born-Haber_Cycles_for_NaCl_and_Silver_Halides | 10.4: Born-Haber Cycles for NaCl and Silver Halides
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Now that we have an equation for the lattice energy of an ionic crystal, we can ask the question of how accurate it is. Remember, we made several approximations in arriving at this formula. We assumed that the lattice was completely ioni... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.05%3A_Kapustinskii_Equation | 10.5: Kapustinskii Equation
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From the discussion above, it is clear that the lattice energy, E L , of an ionic crystal can be calculated with reasonable accuracy if the structure is known. But how can we calculate E L for a new or hypothetical compound of unknown structure? Recall that the... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.06%3A_Discovery_of_Noble_Gas_Compounds | 10.6: Discovery of Noble Gas Compounds
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In 1962 at the University of British Columbia, Neil Bartlett was working with the powerful oxidizer PtF 6 and, because of an accidental leak in his vacuum line, noticed the compound’s reaction with O 2 to generate a solid with formula "PtF 6 O 2 ." T... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
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Lattice energies, in addition to guiding the discovery of unknown compounds, are useful in explaining the absence (i.e., the thermodynamic instability) of non-existent compounds . [8] For example, CuF and AuF are unknown compounds, wher... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.08%3A_Alkalides_and_Electrides | 10.8: Alkalides and Electrides
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Another interesting consequence of lattice energies involves the formation of certain salts containing Na - and e - anions. These compounds are known as alkalides and electrides , respectively. [9] Most of these compounds have been discovered by Prof. James ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.09%3A_Resonance_Energy_of_Metals | 10.9: Resonance Energy of Metals
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The solution to the problem above must consider the quantum mechanical nature of the electron. The valence electrons in Na metal are in orbitals that are delocalized over the entire crystal. However in the Na + e - "salt" form, the electrons are localized ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.10%3A_Prelude_to_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics | 10.10: Prelude to Ionic and Covalent Solids - Energetics
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In Chapter 8, we learned all about crystal structures of ionic compounds . A good question to ask is, what makes a compound choose a particular structure? In addressing this question, we will learn ab... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.11%3A_The_Strange_Case_of_the_Alkali_Oxides | 10.11: The Strange Case of the Alkali Oxides
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The alkali oxides, made by reacting alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) with oxygen, show an unusual trend. When lithium reacts with oxygen we obtain the binary oxide Li 2 O, as expected from combining an element in group I with one in group VI. ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.12%3A_Lattice_Energies_and_Solubility | 10.12: Lattice Energies and Solubility
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Lattice energies can also help predict compound solubilities. Let's consider a Born-Haber cycle for dissolving a salt in water. We can imagine this as the sum of two processes: (1) the vaporization of the salt to produce gaseous ions, characterized b... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.14%3A_Problems | 10.14: Problems
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1. Use lattice energies to explain why MgSO 4 decomposes to magnesium oxide and SO 3 at a much lower temperature than does BaSO 4 .
2. Solid MgO might be formulated as Mg + O - or Mg 2 + O 2- . Use the thermochemical data below (some of which are irrelevant) and Kapustinsk... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/10%3A_Ionic_and_Covalent_Solids_-_Energetics/10.15%3A_References | Skip to main content
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Pauling, L. (1929). "The principles determining the structure of complex ionic crystals".
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
51
(4): 1010–1026. doi:
10.1021/ja01379a006
.
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K.-I. Kobayashi, T. Kimura, H. Sawada, K. Terakura, and Y. Tokura, Room-temperature magnetoresistance in an oxide material with an ordered do... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/11%3A_Electronic_Properties_of_Materials_-_Superconductors_and_Semiconductors | 11: Electronic Properties of Materials - Superconductors and Semiconductors
Learning Objectives
- Explain the physical basis of the Hubbard and Mott models of metal-insulator transitions.
- Understand why good superconductors derive from bad metals.
- Know the structures and the periodic trends in band gaps and colors ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/11%3A_Electronic_Properties_of_Materials_-_Superconductors_and_Semiconductors/11.01%3A_Prelude_to_Electronic_Properties_of_Materials_-_Superconductors_and_Semiconductors | 11.1: Prelude to Electronic Properties of Materials - Superconductors and Semiconductors
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In Chapter 6 we developed an energy band picture for metals, starting from atomic orbitals and building up the molecular orbitals of the solid metallic crystal. This treatment gave us a useful picture... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/11%3A_Electronic_Properties_of_Materials_-_Superconductors_and_Semiconductors/11.04%3A_Periodic_Trends-_Metals_Semiconductors_and_Insulators | 11.4: Periodic Trends- Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators
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As we consider periodic trends in the electronic properties of materials, it is important to review some of the key bonding trends we have learned in earlier chapters:
We also know that most of t... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/11%3A_Electronic_Properties_of_Materials_-_Superconductors_and_Semiconductors/11.06%3A_Semiconductor_p-n_Junctions | 11.6: Semiconductor p-n Junctions
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Semiconductor p-n junctions are important in many kinds of electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, light-emitting diodes, and photovoltaic cells. To understand the operation of these devices, we first need to look at what happens to electrons a... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/11%3A_Electronic_Properties_of_Materials_-_Superconductors_and_Semiconductors/11.08%3A_Amorphous_Semiconductors | 11.8: Amorphous Semiconductors
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Amorphous semiconductors are disordered or glassy forms of crystalline semiconductor materials. Like non-conducting glasses, they are network structures with primarily covalent bonding. Crystalline silicon, which has the diamond structure, is an ordered arra... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/11%3A_Electronic_Properties_of_Materials_-_Superconductors_and_Semiconductors/11.10%3A_Problems | 11.10: Problems
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1. The structure of a high temperature superconductor containing barium, europium, copper, and oxygen is shown below. What are the coordination environments of Cu in this compound? This structure is actually closely related to perovskite, ABO 3 . Explain the relationship b... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/11%3A_Electronic_Properties_of_Materials_-_Superconductors_and_Semiconductors/11.11%3A_References | Skip to main content
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Hubbard, J. (1963). "Electron Correlations in Narrow Energy Bands".
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
276
(1365): 238–257. doi:10.1098/rspa.1963.0204. Bibcode:
1963RSPSA.276..238H
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T. Mizokawa, Metal-insulator transitions: orbital control, Nature Physics 9, 612–613 (2013), doi: doi:10... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/15%3A_Acid-Base_Chemistry | 15: Acid-Base Chemistry
Learning Objectives
- Understand the Brønsted and Lewis definitions of acids and bases.
- Identify conjugate acids and bases, and rules for strong & weak acids/bases, in both Brønsted and Lewis acid-base systems.
- Use Pauling’s rules to predict the pK a s of oxoacids.
- Understand the periodic ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/15%3A_Acid-Base_Chemistry/15.03%3A_Hard_and_Soft_Acids_and_Bases | 15.3: Hard and Soft Acids and Bases
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Lewis acids and bases can be classified by designating them as hard or soft.
Hard Acids/Bases:
"Hard" acids and bases have a high charge (positive for acids, negative for bases) to ionic radius ratio along with higher oxidation states. Hard acids are no... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/15%3A_Acid-Base_Chemistry/15.04%3A_The_Electrostatic-Covalent_(ECW)_Model_for_Acid-Base_Reactions | 15.4: The Electrostatic-Covalent (ECW) Model for Acid-Base Reactions
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The classification of Lewis acids and bases as hard and soft is a useful qualitative approach to rationalize their behavior. The ECW Model is a more quantitative model that describes and predicts the strength of Lewis ac... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/15%3A_Acid-Base_Chemistry/15.05%3A_Frustrated_Lewis_Pairs | 15.5: Frustrated Lewis Pairs
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A frustrated Lewis pair ( FLP ) is a compound or mixture that contains a Lewis acid and a Lewis base which, because of steric hindrance, cannot combine to form a classical adduct. [8] Many kinds of FLPs have been devised, and th... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/15%3A_Acid-Base_Chemistry/15.06%3A_Discussion_Questions | Skip to main content
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Discuss periodic trends in the Lewis acidity of metal ions.
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Explain what we mean by hard and soft acids and bases, using specific examples.
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Explain why hard and soft should not be equated with electrostatic and covalent.
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According to HSAB theory Cu and Zn are classified as intermediate acids... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/15%3A_Acid-Base_Chemistry/15.07%3A_Problems | 15.7: Problems
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1. Classify each of the substances below as an acid or base, and as strong or weak or as a spectator in the solvent listed. For each case, write out the dissociation reaction.
(a) H
3
AsO
4
in water
(b) HCl in glacial acetic acid
(c) CH 3 COOH in liquid ammonia
(d) H 2 O in... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/15%3A_Acid-Base_Chemistry/15.08%3A_References | Skip to main content
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Hall NF, Conant JB (1927). "A Study of Superacid Solutions".
Journal of the American Chemical Society
49
(12): 3062–70. doi:
10.1021/ja01411a010
.
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George A. Olah, Schlosberg RH (1968). "Chemistry in Super Acids. I. Hydrogen Exchange and Polycondensation of Methane and Alkanes in FSO
3
H–SbF
5
(... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/16%3A_Redox_Stability_and_Redox_Reactions | 16: Redox Stability and Redox Reactions
Learning Objectives
- Balance complex oxidation-reduction reactions by the ion-electron method.
- Understand periodic trends in the activity series and electrochemical series.
- Use the Nernst equation to determine half-cell and cell potentials.
- Derive the stability field of wa... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/16%3A_Redox_Stability_and_Redox_Reactions/16.01%3A_Prelude_to_Redox_Stability_and_Redox_Reactions | 16.1: Prelude to Redox Stability and Redox Reactions
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In redox reactions, one element or compound is reduced (gains electrons) and another is oxidized (loses electrons). In terms of everyday life, redox reactions occur all of the time around us. For example, the metabolism of sugars to CO ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/16%3A_Redox_Stability_and_Redox_Reactions/16.02%3A_Balancing_Redox_Reactions | 16.2: Balancing Redox Reactions
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In studying redox chemistry, it is important to begin by learning to balance electrochemical reactions. Simple redox reactions (for example, H 2 + I 2 → 2 HI) can be balanced by inspection, but for more complex reactions it is helpful to have a foolproof, s... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/16%3A_Redox_Stability_and_Redox_Reactions/16.03%3A_Electrochemical_Potentials | 16.3: Electrochemical Potentials
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In electrochemical cells, or in redox reactions that happen in solution, the thermodynamic driving force can be measured as the cell potential . Chemical reactions are spontaneous in the direction of -ΔG, which is also the direction in which the cell poten... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/16%3A_Redox_Stability_and_Redox_Reactions/16.04%3A_Latimer_and_Frost_Diagrams | 16.4: Latimer and Frost Diagrams
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In addition to Pourbaix diagrams, there are two other kinds of redox stability diagrams known as Latimer and Frost diagrams. Each of these diagrams contains similar information, but one representation may be more useful in a given situation than the others... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/16%3A_Redox_Stability_and_Redox_Reactions/16.05%3A_Redox_Reactions_with_Coupled_Equilibria | 16.5: Redox Reactions with Coupled Equilibria
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Redox Reactions with Coupled Equilibria
Coupled equilibria (solubility, complexation, acid-base, and other reactions) change the value of E°, effectively by changing the concentrations of free metal ions. We can use the Nernst equation to calc... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/16%3A_Redox_Stability_and_Redox_Reactions/16.06%3A_Pourbaix_Diagrams | 16.6: Pourbaix Diagrams
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Pourbaix Diagrams
plot electrochemical stability for different redox states of an element as a function of pH.
[3]
As noted above, these diagrams are essentially phase diagrams that map the conditions of potential and pH (most typically in aqueous solutions) where ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_San_Bernardino/CHEM_4300%3A_Inorganic_Chemistry_(Mink)/16%3A_Redox_Stability_and_Redox_Reactions/16.08%3A_Problems | 16.8: Problems
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1. Balance the following redox reactions, adding H 2 O and H + (or OH - ) as needed. Predict for each one whether the reaction would become more or less spontaneous at higher pH.
(a) \(\ce{MnO4^{-}_{(aq)} + N2O_{(g)} = Mn^{2+}_{(aq)} + NO3^{-}_{(aq)}}\) (in acid)
(b) \(\ce{... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Education_and_Professional_Development/Learning_in_the_Digital_Age_(Asino_et_al.)/01%3A_Chapters | 1: Chapters Last updated Save as PDF Page ID 158548 Tutaleni Asino at al. Oklahoma State University 1.1: Board games and learning- Why care in the digital age? 1.2: Effective Instruction in Blended Learning Environments 1.3: Podcasting as a Mode of Motivation in Online and Blended Learning 1.4: Virtual Proctoring and A... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Education_and_Professional_Development/Learning_in_the_Digital_Age_(Asino_et_al.)/01%3A_Chapters/1.08%3A_Playful_Approaches_to_Learning | 1.8: Playful Approaches to Learning
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- Kathy Essmiller
- Oklahoma State University
Learning Objectives
Upon reading this chapter, students should be able to do the following:
- Provide a scholarly definition of play.
- Distinguish between key elements of play and work.
- Discuss how playfu... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Education_and_Professional_Development/Learning_in_the_Digital_Age_(Asino_et_al.)/01%3A_Chapters/1.12%3A_The_Digital_Divide_and_the_lack_Financial_Literacy_among_First_Generation | 1.12: The Digital Divide and the lack Financial Literacy among First Generation
Imagine walking into a bank and seeing no bank tellers around to take deposit money. A few years ago, that is what happened to me. I walked into a private bank to deposit money into my mom’s account with no bank tellers’ insight. I later re... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Education_and_Professional_Development/Learning_in_the_Digital_Age_(Asino_et_al.)/02%3A_Resources/2.01%3A_Resources | Below are a few readings that can inform our thinking on learning in the digital age. Inclusion below does not mean an endorsement or agreeing with the views of the authors. Rather it is simply to show the different debates and arguments around the topic.
Additional Readings
What do we need/want to know about digital l... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/01%3A_An_Introduction_to_the_Human_Body | Skip to main content
1: An Introduction to the Human Body
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1.1: Introduction to the Human Body
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An understanding of human anatomy and physiology is crucial for those who work in the health care field. Knowledge of these subjects can also be beneficial outside of a health care care... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/01%3A_An_Introduction_to_the_Human_Body/1.01%3A_Introduction_to_the_Human_Body | 1.1: Introduction to the Human Body
Chapter Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
- Distinguish between anatomy and physiology, and identify several branches of each
- Describe the structure of the body, from simplest to most complex, in terms of the six levels of organization
- Identify... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/01%3A_An_Introduction_to_the_Human_Body/1.02%3A_Overview_of_Anatomy_and_Physiology | 1.2: Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
By the end of the section, you will be able to:
- Compare and contrast anatomy and physiology, including their specializations and methods of study
- Discuss the fundamental relationship between anatomy and physiology
Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body’s structures... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/01%3A_An_Introduction_to_the_Human_Body/1.04%3A_Functions_of_Human_Life | 1.4: Functions of Human Life
By the end of the section, you will be able to:
- Explain the importance of organization to the function of the human organism
- Distinguish between metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism
- Provide at least two examples of human responsiveness and human movement
- Compare and contrast growth... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/02%3A_Cellular_Level_of_Organization | Skip to main content
2: Cellular Level of Organization
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2.1: Introduction to the Cellular Level of Organization
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The human body consists of trillions of cells, all derived from a single fertilized egg cell. Through the process of mitosis and differentiation, this single cell becom... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/02%3A_Cellular_Level_of_Organization/2.01%3A__Introduction_to_the_Cellular_Level_of_Organization | 2.1: Introduction to the Cellular Level of Organization
Chapter Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
- Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane, including its regulation of materials into and out of the cell
- Describe the functions of the various cytoplasmic organelles
... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/02%3A_Cellular_Level_of_Organization/2.04%3A_The_Nucleus | 2.4: The Nucleus
By the end of the section, you will be able to:
- Describe the structure and features of the nuclear membrane
- List the contents of the nucleus
- Explain the organization of the DNA molecule within the nucleus
The nucleus is the largest and most prominent of a cell’s organelles (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/03%3A_Tissue_Level_of_Organization | Skip to main content
3: Tissue Level of Organization
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3.1: Introduction to the Tissue Level of Organization
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The body contains at least 200 distinct cell types. These cells contain essentially the same internal structures yet they vary enormously in shape and function. The differe... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/03%3A_Tissue_Level_of_Organization/3.01%3A__Introduction_to_the_Tissue_Level_of_Organization | 3.1: Introduction to the Tissue Level of Organization
Chapter Objectives:
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
- Identify the main tissue types and discuss their roles in the human body
- Identify the four types of tissue membranes and the characteristics of each that make them functional
- Explain the fun... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/03%3A_Tissue_Level_of_Organization/3.05%3A_Muscle_Tissue | 3.5: Muscle Tissue
By the end of the section, you will be able to:
- Identify the three types of muscle tissue
- Compare and contrast the functions of each muscle tissue type
- Explain how muscle tissue can enable motion
Muscle tissue is characterized by properties that allow movement. Muscle cells are excitable; they ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/03%3A_Tissue_Level_of_Organization/3.06%3A_Nervous_Tissue | 3.6: Nervous Tissue
By the end of the section, you will be able to:
- Identify the classes of cells that make up nervous tissue
- Discuss how nervous tissue mediates perception and response
Nervous tissue is characterized as being excitable and capable of sending and receiving electrochemical signals that provide the b... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/04%3A_Integumentary_System | Skip to main content
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4.1: Introduction to the Integumentary System
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The integumentary system refers to the skin and its accessory structures, and it is responsible for much more than simply lending to your outward appearance. In the adult human body, the skin makes up about 16 percent of body weight and covers an ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/04%3A_Integumentary_System/4.01%3A_Introduction_to_the_Integumentary_System | 4.1: Introduction to the Integumentary System
Chapter Learning Objectives
After studying the chapter, you will be able to:
- Describe the integumentary system and the role it plays in homeostasis
- Describe the layers of the skin and the functions of each layer
- Describe the accessory structures of the skin and the fu... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/05%3A_Bone_Tissue_and_Skeletal_System | Skip to main content
5: Bone Tissue and Skeletal System
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5.1: Introduction to Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
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The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is composed of 270 bones at birth and decreases to 206 bones by adulthood after some bones have fused tog... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/05%3A_Bone_Tissue_and_Skeletal_System/5.01%3A_Introduction_to_Bone_Tissue_and_the_Skeletal_System | 5.1: Introduction to Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
Chapter Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
- List and describe the functions of bones
- Describe the classes of bones
- Discuss the process of bone formation and development
- Explain how bone repairs itself after a fracture
- D... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/05%3A_Bone_Tissue_and_Skeletal_System/5.02%3A_Functions_of_the_Skeletal_System | 5.2: Functions of the Skeletal System
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Define bone, cartilage, and the skeletal system
- List and describe the functions of the skeletal system
Bone , or osseous tissue , is a hardened connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton, the support structure of the... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/05%3A_Bone_Tissue_and_Skeletal_System/5.05%3A_Fractures_-_Bone_Repair | 5.5: Fractures - Bone Repair
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Differentiate among the different types of fractures
- Describe the steps involved in bone repair
A fracture is a broken bone. It will heal whether or not a physician resets it in its anatomical position. If the bone is not reset correctly,... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/05%3A_Bone_Tissue_and_Skeletal_System/5.07%3A_Bone_Classification | 5.7: Bone Classification
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Classify bones according to their shapes
- Describe the function of each category of bones
The 206 bones that compose the adult skeleton are divided into five categories based on their shapes (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Their shapes and their f... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/06%3A_Axial_Skeleton | Skip to main content
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6.1: Introduction to the Skeleton System
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The skeletal system forms the rigid internal framework of the body. It consists of the bones, cartilages, and ligaments. Bones support the weight of the body, allow for body movements, and protect internal organs. Each bone of the body serves a particu... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/06%3A_Axial_Skeleton/6.01%3A_Introduction_to_the_Skeleton_System | 6.1: Introduction to the Skeleton System
Chapter Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
- Describe the functions of the skeletal system and define its two major subdivisions
- Identify the bones and bony structures of the skull, the cranial suture lines, the cranial fossae, and the openin... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/06%3A_Axial_Skeleton/6.02%3A_Divisions_of_the_Skeletal_System | 6.2: Divisions of the Skeletal System
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
- Distinguish between the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
- Discuss the functions of the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
- Define the axial skeleton and its components
- Define the appendicular skeleton and its comp... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/07%3A_Appendicular_Skeleton | Skip to main content
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7.1: Introduction to the Appendicular Skeleton
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Because of our upright stance, different functional demands are placed upon the upper and lower limbs. Thus, the bones of the lower limbs are adapted for weight-bearing support and stability, as well as for body locomotion via walking or running.... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/07%3A_Appendicular_Skeleton/7.01%3A_Introduction_to_the_Appendicular_Skeleton | 7.1: Introduction to the Appendicular Skeleton
Chapter Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
- Discuss the bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and describe how these unite the limbs with the axial skeleton
- Describe the bones of the upper limb, including the bones of the arm, fore... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/08%3A_Joints | Skip to main content
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8.1: Introduction
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Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined to each other by conne... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/08%3A_Joints/8.01%3A_Introduction | 8.1: Introduction
Chapter Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
- Discuss both functional and structural classifications for body joints
- Describe the characteristic features for fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints and give examples of each
- Describe and identify the different ... | Metni etiketle ve Türkçe'ye çevir. | system_1 |
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