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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Neuronal hyperactivity and hyperexcitability of the cerebral cortex and hippocampal region is an increasingly observed phenomenon in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ) . In later stages , oscillatory slowing and loss of functional connectivity are ubiquitous . Recent evidence suggests that neuronal dynamics have a ... | Alzheimer’s disease ( AD ) is a growing burden on society , without a cure in sight . Pathological high neuronal activity and excitability is an increasingly observed phenomenon in early stage AD . Its exact role in the disease process is unclear , but it may form an interesting therapeutic target . However , although ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infographics",
"cognitive",
"neurology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"membrane",
"potential",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"mathematics",
"algebra",
"network",
"analysis"... | 2017 | Altering neuronal excitability to preserve network connectivity in a computational model of Alzheimer's disease |
Merkel cell polyomavirus ( MCPyV ) is considered the etiological agent of Merkel cell carcinoma and persists asymptomatically in the majority of its healthy hosts . Largely due to the lack of appropriate model systems , the mechanisms of viral replication and MCPyV persistence remain poorly understood . Using a semi-pe... | MCPyV is a recently discovered human polyomavirus that is likely to cause the majority of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma ( MCC ) , a rare but highly aggressive skin cancer . While much research has been focused on understanding transforming functions of MCPyV gene products , owing to the lack of fully permissive replic... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | A Comprehensive Analysis of Replicating Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Genomes Delineates the Viral Transcription Program and Suggests a Role for mcv-miR-M1 in Episomal Persistence |
Urinary Schistosomiasis infection , a common cause of morbidity especially among children in less developed countries , is measured by the number of eggs per urine . Typically a large proportion of individuals are non-egg excretors , leading to a large number of zeros . Control strategies require better understanding o... | Schistosomiasis is one of the great causes of morbidity among school aged children in the tropical region and Sub Saharan Africa in particular . It's mainly transmitted through contact with water infested with intermediate host snail Cercariae . Currently , over 200 million people are estimated to be infected in SSA al... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"mathematics",
"epidemiology",
"statistics"
] | 2013 | Analysis of Schistosomiasis haematobium Infection Prevalence and Intensity in Chikhwawa, Malawi: An Application of a Two Part Model |
Theoretical models of disease dynamics on networks can aid our understanding of how infectious diseases spread through a population . Models that incorporate decision-making mechanisms can furthermore capture how behaviour-driven aspects of transmission such as vaccination choices and the use of non-pharmaceutical inte... | The spread of infectious diseases can be inhibited by both vaccines and non-pharmaceutical interventions ( NPIs ) such as hand-washing , respiratory etiquette , and social distancing . Theoretical models of disease spread have incorporated how individuals make decisions concerning these interventions in the face of dis... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Disease Interventions Can Interfere with One Another through Disease-Behaviour Interactions |
Candida albicans fungemia in cancer patients is thought to develop from initial gastrointestinal ( GI ) colonization with subsequent translocation into the bloodstream after administration of chemotherapy . It is unclear what components of the innate immune system are necessary for preventing C . albicans dissemination... | Candida albicans is a fungus that lives harmlessly in the gastrointestinal ( GI ) tracts of humans . In cancer patients and patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation , however , the anti-cancer drugs that are administered to these patients also cause the undesired effect of suppressing the human immune system . T... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungi",
"immunology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"homo",
"(human)"
] | 2008 | Mucosal Damage and Neutropenia Are Required for Candida albicans Dissemination |
Roberts syndrome ( RBS ) is a human disease characterized by defects in limb and craniofacial development and growth and mental retardation . RBS is caused by mutations in ESCO2 , a gene which encodes an acetyltransferase for the cohesin complex . While the essential role of the cohesin complex in chromosome segregatio... | Roberts syndrome is a human developmental disorder caused by mutations in the ESCO2 gene . This gene encodes an acetyltransferase that acetylates the cohesin ring complex to promote a locked configuration . The cohesin complex binds to many locations on chromosomes and mutations that affect its function result in chang... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Stimulation of mTORC1 with L-leucine Rescues Defects Associated with Roberts Syndrome |
Corticostriatal synapse plasticity of medium spiny neurons is regulated by glutamate input from the cortex and dopamine input from the substantia nigra . While cortical stimulation alone results in long-term depression ( LTD ) , the combination with dopamine switches LTD to long-term potentiation ( LTP ) , which is kno... | Recent brain imaging and neurophysiological studies suggest that the striatum , the start of the basal ganglia circuit , plays a major role in value-based decision making and behavioral disorders such as drug addiction . The plasticity of synaptic input from the cerebral cortex to output neurons of the striatum , which... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience",
"computational",
"biology/signaling",
"networks"
] | 2010 | A Kinetic Model of Dopamine- and Calcium-Dependent Striatal Synaptic Plasticity |
Leaf-cutter ants are one of the most important herbivorous insects in the Neotropics , harvesting vast quantities of fresh leaf material . The ants use leaves to cultivate a fungus that serves as the colony's primary food source . This obligate ant-fungus mutualism is one of the few occurrences of farming by non-humans... | Leaf-cutter ant workers forage for and cut leaves that they use to support the growth of a specialized fungus , which serves as the colony's primary food source . The ability of these ants to grow their own food likely facilitated their emergence as one of the most dominant herbivores in New World tropical ecosystems ,... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"genome",
"evolution",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"coevolution",
"genome",
"complexity",
"forms",
"of",
"evolution",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"animal",
"evolution",
"genomics",
"ev... | 2011 | The Genome Sequence of the Leaf-Cutter Ant Atta cephalotes Reveals Insights into Its Obligate Symbiotic Lifestyle |
Codon models of evolution have facilitated the interpretation of selective forces operating on genomes . These models , however , assume a single rate of non-synonymous substitution irrespective of the nature of amino acids being exchanged . Recent developments have shown that models which allow for amino acid pairs to... | Evolution in protein-coding DNA sequences can be modeled at three levels: nucleotides , amino acids or codons that encode the amino acids . Codon models incorporate nucleotide and amino acid information , and allow the estimation of the rate at which amino acids are replaced ( ) versus the rate at which they are preser... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"biology/bioinformatics"
] | 2010 | CodonTest: Modeling Amino Acid Substitution Preferences in Coding Sequences |
Heterochromatin silencing is pivotal for genome stability in eukaryotes . In Arabidopsis , a plant-specific mechanism called RNA–directed DNA methylation ( RdDM ) is involved in heterochromatin silencing . Histone deacetylase HDA6 has been identified as a component of such machineries; however , its endogenous targets ... | Eukaryotes are defended from potentially harmful DNA elements , such as transposons , by forming inactive genomic structure . Chromatin , which consists of DNA and histone proteins , is densely packed in the silent structure , and chromatin chemical modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications are kn... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"rna",
"interference",
"plant",
"biology",
"histone",
"modification",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"genomics",
"epigenetics",
"chromatin",
"transposons",
"gene",
"expression",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"dna",
"modification",
"mo... | 2011 | Arabidopsis HDA6 Regulates Locus-Directed
Heterochromatin Silencing in Cooperation with MET1 |
Rapid reinfestation of insecticide-treated dwellings hamper the sustained elimination of Triatoma infestans , the main vector of Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco region . We conducted a seven-year longitudinal study including community-wide spraying with pyrethroid insecticides combined with periodic vector surveillanc... | Efforts to prevent the transmission of the parasite that causes Chagas disease have been directed at eliminating its insect vector species from human dwellings via insecticide applications . The outcome of these interventions has usually been measured through vector-related metrics in prospective studies ranging up to ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"demography",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"anthropology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"rural",
"areas",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",
"vectors",
"housing",
"huma... | 2018 | Beating the odds: Sustained Chagas disease vector control in remote indigenous communities of the Argentine Chaco over a seven-year period |
Malaria-transmitting mosquitoes are continuously exposed to microbes , including their midgut microbiota . This naturally acquired microbial flora can modulate the mosquito's vectorial capacity by inhibiting the development of Plasmodium and other human pathogens through an unknown mechanism . We have undertaken a comp... | The Anopheles gambiae mosquito that transmits the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium has an intestinal bacterial flora , or microbiota , which comprises a variety of species . Elimination of this microbiota with antibiotic treatment will render the Anopheles mosquito more susceptible to Plasmodium infection . In this ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"... | 2009 | Implication of the Mosquito Midgut Microbiota in the Defense against Malaria Parasites |
In the case of an influenza pandemic , the current global influenza vaccine production capacity will be unable to meet the demand for billions of vaccine doses . The ongoing threat of an H5N1 pandemic therefore urges the development of highly immunogenic , dose-sparing vaccine formulations . In unprimed individuals , i... | The rise and spread of the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus has seriously increased the risk of a new influenza pandemic . However , the number of vaccine doses that can be produced with today's production capacity will fall short of the demand in times of a pandemic . Use of inactivated whole virus ( WIV )... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"microbiology/applied",
"microbiology",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"virology/vaccines",
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"microbiology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection"... | 2008 | Superior Immunogenicity of Inactivated Whole Virus H5N1 Influenza Vaccine is Primarily Controlled by Toll-like Receptor Signalling |
Mathematics is often used to model biological systems . In mammary gland development , mathematical modeling has been limited to acinar and branching morphogenesis and breast cancer , without reference to normal duct formation . We present a model of ductal elongation that exploits the geometrically-constrained shape o... | Our paper describes a mathematical model of mammary ductal elongation during pubertal development . We make several conclusions that will be of interest to scientists studying mammary gland biology , epithelial tube formation , and branching morphogenesis . First , our model indicates that a common measurement of devel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"mathematical",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"... | 2016 | A Geometrically-Constrained Mathematical Model of Mammary Gland Ductal Elongation Reveals Novel Cellular Dynamics within the Terminal End Bud |
Demographic , economic and behavioural factors are central features underpinning the successful management and biological control of dengue . This study aimed to examine these factors and their association with the seroprevalence of this disease . We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey of households in a 3 km ... | Demographic , economic and behavioural factors are important to successful control of dengue . This study aimed to examine these factors and their association with the prevalence rate of dengue in a community marked by IgG seropositivity of students attending schools there , as assessed in our previous study . Telephon... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"behavior",
"psychology",
"social",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Community Knowledge, Health Beliefs, Practices and Experiences Related to Dengue Fever and Its Association with IgG Seropositivity |
Constitutive overexpression of the MDR1 ( multidrug resistance ) gene , which encodes a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily , is a frequent cause of resistance to fluconazole and other toxic compounds in clinical Candida albicans strains , but the mechanism of MDR1 upregulation has not been resol... | The Candida albicans MDR1 ( multidrug resistance ) gene encodes a multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily that is constitutively overexpressed in many fluconazole-resistant strains . Although MDR1 overexpression is a major cause of resistance to this widely used antifungal agent and other metabolic i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"yeast",
"and",
"fungi",
"microbiology",
"eukaryotes",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"saccharomyces"
] | 2007 | The Transcription Factor Mrr1p Controls Expression of the MDR1 Efflux Pump and Mediates Multidrug Resistance in Candida albicans |
The dynamics and regulation of HIV-1 nuclear import and its intranuclear movements after import have not been studied . To elucidate these essential HIV-1 post-entry events , we labeled viral complexes with two fluorescently tagged virion-incorporated proteins ( APOBEC3F or integrase ) , and analyzed the HIV-1 dynamics... | Although nuclear import of HIV-1 is essential for viral replication , many aspects of this process are currently unknown . Here , we defined the dynamics of HIV-1 nuclear envelope ( NE ) docking , nuclear import and its relationship to viral core uncoating , and intranuclear movements . We observed that HIV-1 complexes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"nuclear",
"import",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"hela",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
... | 2017 | Dynamics and regulation of nuclear import and nuclear movements of HIV-1 complexes |
The extraction of hidden information from complex trajectories is a continuing problem in single-particle and single-molecule experiments . Particle trajectories are the result of multiple phenomena , and new methods for revealing changes in molecular processes are needed . We have developed a practical technique that ... | Many important biological processes begin when a target molecule binds to a cell surface receptor protein . This event leads to a series of biochemical reactions involving the receptor and signalling molecules , and ultimately a cellular response . Surface receptors are mobile on the cell surface and their mobility is ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mathematics/statistics",
"biophysics/experimental",
"biophysical",
"methods",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation",
"immunology/leukocyte",
"activation"
] | 2009 | A Hidden Markov Model for Single Particle Tracks Quantifies Dynamic Interactions between LFA-1 and the Actin Cytoskeleton |
Accumulating evidence indicates that paternal age correlates with disease risk in children . De novo gain-of-function mutations in the FGF-RAS-MAPK signaling pathway are known to cause a subset of genetic diseases associated with advanced paternal age , such as Apert syndrome , achondroplasia , Noonan syndrome , and Co... | Recent research has found that advanced paternal age is associated with increased risk in children to develop a subset of congenital anomalies , such as Apert syndrome , achondroplasia , Noonan syndrome , and Costello syndrome . The causative genetic errors ( mutations ) in these disorders have been identified to origi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"sv40",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"spermatogonia",
"surgical",
"and",
"invasive",
"medical",
"procedures",
"germ",
"cells",
"v... | 2019 | Functional robustness of adult spermatogonial stem cells after induction of hyperactive Hras |
A synergistic combination of two next-generation sequencing platforms with a detailed comparative BAC physical contig map provided a cost-effective assembly of the genome sequence of the domestic turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ) . Heterozygosity of the sequenced source genome allowed discovery of more than 600 , 000 high... | In contrast to the compact sequence of viruses and bacteria , determining the complete genome sequence of complex vertebrate genomes can be a daunting task . With the advent of “next-generation” sequencing platforms , it is now possible to rapidly sequence and assemble a vertebrate genome , especially for species for w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system",
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"evolutionary",
"biology/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genome",
"projects"... | 2010 | Multi-Platform Next-Generation Sequencing of the Domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Genome Assembly and Analysis |
Mutations in human Exostosin genes ( EXTs ) confer a disease called Hereditary Multiple Exostoses ( HME ) that affects 1 in 50 , 000 among the general population . Patients with HME have a short stature and develop osteochondromas during childhood . Here we show that two zebrafish mutants , dackel ( dak ) and pinscher ... | Hereditary Multiple Exostoses is a disease that causes the formation of benign bone tumours in children . Besides causing severe skeletal deformity , the bone tumours can compress nerves or other tissue resulting in chronic pain . Although the tumours can usually be surgically removed , they sometimes recur or are in p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/cell",
"differentiation",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2008 | Regulation of Zebrafish Skeletogenesis by ext2/dackel and papst1/pinscher |
Variation in cortical connectivity profiles is typically modeled as having a coarse spatial scale parcellated into interconnected brain areas . We created a high-dimensional common model of the human connectome to search for fine-scale structure that is shared across brains . Projecting individual connectivity data int... | Resting state fMRI has become a ubiquitous tool for measuring connectivity in normal and diseased brains . Current dominant models of connectivity are based on coarse-scale connectivity among brain regions , ignoring fine-scale structure within those regions . We developed a high-dimensional common model of the human c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"functional",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"nervous",
"system",
"brain",
"neuroscience",
"magnetic",
"resonance",
"imaging",
"mathematics",
"algebra",
"brain",
"mapping",
"neuroimaging",
"research"... | 2018 | A computational model of shared fine-scale structure in the human connectome |
Nonreplicating type I uracil auxotrophic mutants of Toxoplasma gondii possess a potent ability to activate therapeutic immunity to established solid tumors by reversing immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment . Here we engineered targeted deletions of parasite secreted effector proteins using a genetically tra... | Toxoplasma gondii extensively manipulates cellular signaling pathways and host immune responses through secreted effector proteins , yet the host rapidly establishes T cell immunity to control acute infection thereby permitting survival of the host as well as survival of the parasite in latent infection . Recently , va... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasite",
"groups",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"nucleobases",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"toxoplasma",
"gondii",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"immunology",
"... | 2016 | Secretion of Rhoptry and Dense Granule Effector Proteins by Nonreplicating Toxoplasma gondii Uracil Auxotrophs Controls the Development of Antitumor Immunity |
MicroRNAs regulate networks of genes to orchestrate cellular functions . MiR-125b , the vertebrate homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans microRNA lin-4 , has been implicated in the regulation of neural and hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis , analogous to how lin-4 regulates stem cells in C . elegans . Depending on ... | MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are tiny endogenous RNAs that can regulate the expression of hundreds of genes simultaneously , thus orchestrating changes in gene networks and mediating cellular functions in both plants and animals . Although the identification of individual targets of miRNAs is of major importance , to date few ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"rna",
"interference",
"gene",
"expression",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Conserved Regulation of p53 Network Dosage by MicroRNA–125b Occurs through Evolving miRNA–Target Gene Pairs |
Although cutaneous ulcers ( CU ) in the tropics is frequently attributed to Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue , the causative agent of yaws , Haemophilus ducreyi has emerged as a major cause of CU in yaws-endemic regions of the South Pacific islands and Africa . H . ducreyi is generally susceptible to macrolides ,... | Cutaneous ulcers ( CU ) in children living in equatorial Africa and the South Pacific islands have long been attributed to yaws , which is caused by Treponema pallidum subsp . pertenue . However , PCR-based cross sectional surveys done in yaws-endemic regions show that Haemophilus ducreyi is the leading cause of CU in ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Haemophilus ducreyi Cutaneous Ulcer Strains Are Nearly Identical to Class I Genital Ulcer Strains |
Systematic , genome-wide loss-of-function experiments can be used to identify host factors that directly or indirectly facilitate or inhibit the replication of a virus in a host cell . We present an approach that combines an integer linear program and a diffusion kernel method to infer the pathways through which those ... | Nearly every step of the viral life cycle requires the action or use of host machinery . Genome-wide suppression experiments have been used to identify individual host genes whose products are involved in viral replication . The hit sets identified by such experiments are typically fairly large and difficult to compreh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"mathematical",
"computing",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"virology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"co... | 2014 | Inferring Host Gene Subnetworks Involved in Viral Replication |
Traveling waves in the developing brain are a prominent source of highly correlated spiking activity that may instruct the refinement of neural circuits . A candidate mechanism for mediating such refinement is spike-timing dependent plasticity ( STDP ) , which translates correlated activity patterns into changes in syn... | In several areas of the developing brain , waves of electrical activity trace out distinct patterns across the nervous tissue . These waves are intricately involved in developmental processes that set up the structural connections of the adult brain , but it is unclear what role the wave patterns play . Here , we exami... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Refinement and Pattern Formation in Neural Circuits by the Interaction of Traveling Waves with Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity |
Here we report on the identification and functional characterization of the ADAMTS-like homolog lonely heart ( loh ) in Drosophila melanogaster . Loh displays all hallmarks of ADAMTSL proteins including several thrombospondin type 1 repeats ( TSR1 ) , and acts in concert with the collagen Pericardin ( Prc ) . Loss of e... | Cellular adhesion and tissue integrity in multicellular organisms strongly depend on the molecular network of the extracellular matrix ( ECM ) . The number , topology and function of ECM molecules are highly diverse in different species , or even in single matrices in one organism . In our study we focus on the protein... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"animal",
"genetics",
"model",
"organisms",
"zoology",
"cell",
"adhesion",
"adhesion",
"molecules",
"heart",
"development",
"molecular",
"development",
"extracellular",
"matrix",
"genetics",
"bi... | 2013 | The Conserved ADAMTS-like Protein Lonely heart Mediates Matrix Formation and Cardiac Tissue Integrity |
Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease of the skin that is caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans . We recently established an experimental pig ( Sus scrofa ) infection model for Buruli ulcer to investigate host-pathogen interactions , the efficacy of candidate vaccines and of new treatment options . Her... | Buruli ulcer is a necrotizing ulcerative disease of the skin and underlying tissue caused by infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans . Because patients often present late to health facilities , early stages of Buruli ulcer are only insufficiently described by histopathology . To study early host-pathogen interactions , w... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"dermatology",
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pig",
"models",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"skin"... | 2016 | Local Cellular Immune Responses and Pathogenesis of Buruli Ulcer Lesions in the Experimental Mycobacterium Ulcerans Pig Infection Model |
Over the last three decades , the epidemiological profile of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) has changed with epidemics occurring in large urban centers of Brazil , an increase in HIV/AIDS co-infection , and a significant increase in mortality . The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with... | Visceral Leishmaniasis ( VL ) is considered a neglected disease by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) . Over the last two decades , the epidemiological profile of VL has changed with epidemics occurring in large urban centers of Brazil with increased HIV/AIDS co-infection and mortality . Understanding the factors th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Risk Factors for Death from Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area of Brazil |
The evolution of higher virulence during disease emergence has been predicted by theoretical models , but empirical studies of short-term virulence evolution following pathogen emergence remain rare . Here we examine patterns of short-term virulence evolution using archived isolates of the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisep... | A long-standing paradox in the study of infectious diseases is why pathogens evolve to cause harm to the very hosts they depend on to survive and reproduce . Research over several decades suggests that this harm , or virulence , is an inevitable by-product of the pathogen replication needed to maximize the chance that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"biology"
] | 2013 | Parallel Patterns of Increased Virulence in a Recently Emerged Wildlife Pathogen |
MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) are small RNAs that regulate diverse biological processes including multiple aspects of the host-pathogen interface . Consequently , miRNAs are commonly encoded by viruses that undergo long-term persistent infection . Papillomaviruses ( PVs ) are capable of undergoing persistent infection , but as ... | Papillomaviruses ( PVs ) are causative agents of cancer . Currently , there is an incomplete understanding as to why only some infections lead to cancer . Developing a better comparative evolutionary understanding of PV gene products and their regulation is key to comprehending the life cycle of these pathogens . An em... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cdna",
"libraries",
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"gene",
"regulation",
"microbiology",
"genomic",
"library",
"construction",
"micrornas",
"viral",
"genome",
"genome",
"analysis",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"dna",
"libraries",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"d... | 2018 | Identification of virus-encoded microRNAs in divergent Papillomaviruses |
Contacts of leprosy patients are at increased risk of developing leprosy and need to be targeted for early diagnosis . Seropositivity to the phenolic glycolipid I ( PGL-I ) antigen of Mycobacterium leprae has been used to identify contacts who have an increased risk of developing leprosy . In the present study , we stu... | Although leprosy has become a neglected disease , it is an important cause of disability , and 250 , 000 new cases are still diagnosed worldwide every year . The current study was carried out in Brazil , where almost 40 , 000 new cases of leprosy are diagnosed every year . The study targeted contacts of leprosy patient... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine"
] | 2012 | Impact of PGL-I Seropositivity on the Protective Effect of BCG Vaccination among Leprosy Contacts: A Cohort Study |
The bacterial flagellar motor is a highly efficient rotary machine used by many bacteria to propel themselves . It has recently been shown that at low speeds its rotation proceeds in steps . Here we propose a simple physical model , based on the storage of energy in protein springs , that accounts for this stepping beh... | Many species of bacteria swim to find food or to avoid toxins . Swimming motility depends on helical flagella that act as propellers . Each flagellum is driven by a rotary molecular engine–the bacterial flagellar motor–which draws its energy from an ion flux entering the cell . Despite much progress , the detailed mech... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biophysics/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines",
"biotechnology/bioengineering",
"biophysics/theory",
"and",
"simulation"
] | 2009 | Steps in the Bacterial Flagellar Motor |
Glycosylation is the most abundant post-translational polypeptide chain modification in nature . Although carbohydrate modification of protein antigens from many microbial pathogens constitutes important components of B cell epitopes , the role in T cell immunity is not completely understood . Here , using ELISPOT and ... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) is the most devastating bacterial pathogen of all time that kills approximately 1 . 4 million people each year . Mtb modifies several of its proteins with sugar residues that influence many biological events . However , the significance of such sugar decorations and resulting carbohyd... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | O-mannosylation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Adhesin Apa Is Crucial for T Cell Antigenicity during Infection but Is Expendable for Protection |
Dengue virus is one of the most important arboviral pathogens and the causative agent of dengue fever , dengue hemorrhagic fever , and dengue shock syndrome . It is transmitted between humans by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus , and at least 2 . 5 billion people are at daily risk of infection . During... | Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes . During their lifecycle , mosquitoes are exposed to a variety of microbes , and many of them inhabit the mosquito midgut , thereby sharing the same environment with ingested pathogens . The mosquito midgut is the site of multiple reciprocal interactions between the mosqu... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunity",
"vector",
"biology",
"immunology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2012 | Reciprocal Tripartite Interactions between the Aedes aegypti Midgut Microbiota, Innate Immune System and Dengue Virus Influences Vector Competence |
Age-related decline in the integrity of mitochondria is an important contributor to the human ageing process . In a number of ageing stem cell populations , this decline in mitochondrial function is due to clonal expansion of individual mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) point mutations within single cells . However the dynam... | Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) mutations have been shown to accumulate with age in a number of human stem cell populations and cause mitochondrial dysfunction within individual cells resulting in a cellular energy deficit . The dynamics by which mtDNA mutations occur and accumulate within individual cells ( known as clona... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"mitochondrial",
"genetics",
"mitochondrial",
"dna",
"forms",
"of",
"dna",
"genetics",
"mitochondria",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"bioenergetics",
"dna",
"energy-producing",
"organelles"
] | 2014 | Clonal Expansion of Early to Mid-Life Mitochondrial DNA Point Mutations Drives Mitochondrial Dysfunction during Human Ageing |
Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is an emerging mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula , affecting humans and livestock . For spread of infectious diseases , including RVF , knowledge , attitude and practices play an important role , and the understanding of the influence of behavior is cru... | The Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) outbreak of 2006/2007 affected many regions in Kenya in varied degrees . The number of reported human cases and affected livestock herds varied between regions , but the reason for this variation has not been studied . We have investigated knowledge , attitude and practices differences bet... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"behavioral",
"and",
"social",
"aspects",
"of",
"health",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"diet",
"animal",
"products",
"rift",
"valley",
"fever",
"nutrition",
"meat",
"neglected",
"tropical",
... | 2017 | Ethnic groups’ knowledge, attitude and practices and Rift Valley fever exposure in Isiolo County of Kenya |
Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between the incidence of lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) and the incidence of allergies and autoimmunity . However , the interrelationship between LF and type-2 diabetes is not known and hence , a cross sectional study to assess the baseline prevalence and the corre... | Childhood helminth infections can reduce the risk and severity of allergies and autoimmune diseases , by means of immunomodulation , and a decrease in helminth infections could potentially account for the increased prevalence of these diseases in the western world ( hygiene hypothesis ) . We hypothesized that the same ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"immunology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"immunology/immunomodulation",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology/typ... | 2010 | Decreased Prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis among Diabetic Subjects Associated with a Diminished Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response (CURES 83) |
Hantaviruses are important emerging human pathogens and are the causative agents of serious diseases in humans with high mortality rates . Like other members in the Bunyaviridae family their M segment encodes two glycoproteins , GN and GC , which are responsible for the early events of infection . Hantaviruses deliver ... | Hantaviruses ( family: Bunyaviridae ) encompass pathogens responsible to serious human diseases and economic burden worldwide . Following endocytosis , these enveloped RNA viruses are directed to an endosomal compartment where a sequence of pH-dependent conformational changes of the viral envelope glycoproteins mediate... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"viruses",
"membrane",
"fusion",
"hantavirus",
"rna"... | 2016 | Crystal Structure of Glycoprotein C from a Hantavirus in the Post-fusion Conformation |
Schistosomiasis affects over 200 million people and there are concerns whether the current chemotherapeutic control strategy ( periodic mass drug administration with praziquantel ( PZQ ) —the only licenced anti-schistosome compound ) is sustainable , necessitating the development of new drugs . We investigated the anti... | Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease which affects over 200 million people and there is only one licensed drug , praziquantel , currently available for treatment . In a search for new drugs to control schistosomiasis , we tested the anti-schistosome efficacy of a series of ruthenium compounds and found that ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"schistosoma",
"invertebrates",
"schistosoma",
"mansoni",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"enzymology",
"carbohydrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"animals",
"animal",
... | 2017 | Polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes exert anti-schistosome activity and inhibit parasite acetylcholinesterases |
One to two percent of all children are born with a developmental disorder requiring pediatric hospital admissions . For many such syndromes , the molecular pathogenesis remains poorly characterized . Parallel developmental disorders in other species could provide complementary models for human rare diseases by uncoveri... | Rare developmental disorders make a major contribution to pediatric hospital admissions and mortality . There is a growing interest in the development of therapeutics for these conditions , but that requires understanding of the genetic cause and pathology . Research can be facilitated by physiologically relevant model... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"dentin",
"vertebrates",
"pets",
"and",
"companion",
"animals",
"dogs",
"animals",
"mammals",
"incisors",
"genome",
"analysis",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"zoology",
"ve... | 2016 | Molecular Characterization of Three Canine Models of Human Rare Bone Diseases: Caffey, van den Ende-Gupta, and Raine Syndromes |
Bats are reservoirs for a wide range of zoonotic agents including lyssa- , henipah- , SARS-like corona- , Marburg- , Ebola- , and astroviruses . In an effort to survey for the presence of other infectious agents , known and unknown , we screened sera from 16 Pteropus giganteus bats from Faridpur , Bangladesh , using hi... | Bats are important reservoirs for emerging zoonotic viruses with significant impact on human health including lyssaviruses , filoviruses , henipaviruses and coronaviruses . Opportunities for transmission to humans are particularly prominent in countries like Bangladesh , where people live in close association with bats... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"ecology/evolutionary",
"ecology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"computational",
"biology/sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"anal... | 2010 | Identification of GBV-D, a Novel GB-like Flavivirus from Old World Frugivorous Bats (Pteropus giganteus) in Bangladesh |
Prion diseases are characterised by the accumulation of PrPSc , an abnormally folded isoform of the cellular prion protein ( PrPC ) , in affected tissues . Following peripheral exposure high levels of prion-specific PrPSc accumulate first upon follicular dendritic cells ( FDC ) in lymphoid tissues before spreading to t... | Prion diseases are infectious neurological disorders and are considered to be caused by an abnormally folded infectious protein termed PrPSc . Soon after infection prions accumulate first upon follicular dendritic cells ( FDC ) in lymphoid tissues before spreading to the brain where they cause damage to nerve cells . C... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"veterinary",
"prion",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"of",
"the",
"nervous",
"system",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"immune",
"cells",
"immunology",
"biology",
"veterinary",
"science",
"prion",
"diseases"
] | 2011 | Follicular Dendritic Cell-Specific Prion Protein (PrPc) Expression Alone Is Sufficient to Sustain Prion Infection in the Spleen |
A number of studies on visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) vector control have been conducted during the past decade , sometimes came to very different conclusion . The present study on a large sample investigated different options which are partially unexplored including: ( 1 ) indoor residual spraying ( IRS ) with alpha cy... | Integrated vector management ( IVM ) is of the important elements in the Regional Visceral Leishmaniasis ( VL ) elimination strategy . VL supposed to be eliminated from the Region ( Bangladesh , India and Nepal ) by 2015 which is extended up to 2017 . There are several factors are responsible for not achieving the elim... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"kala-azar",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"india",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",
"vectors",
"zoology",
"bangla... | 2017 | Control of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand fly in Bangladesh: A cluster randomized controlled trial |
The mouse polyoma virus induces a broad array of solid tumors in mice of many inbred strains . In most strains tumors grow rapidly but fail to metastasize . An exception has been found in the Czech-II/Ei mouse in which bone tumors metastasize regularly to the lung . These tumors resemble human osteosarcoma in their pro... | The oncogenic mouse polyoma virus and its mutants have previously been used to investigate viral determinants of tumor induction using a standard inbred mouse strain as a common host . Here we use wild type virus to investigate the role of the host genetic background , focusing on two host strains that differ with resp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology/sarcomas",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics",
"infectious",
"diseases/viral",
"infections",
"virology/viruses",
"and",
"cancer"
] | 2010 | Polyoma Virus-Induced Osteosarcomas in Inbred Strains of Mice: Host Determinants of Metastasis |
HIV persists in a small pool of latently infected cells despite antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) . Identifying cellular markers expressed at the surface of these cells may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the size of the HIV reservoir . We hypothesized that CD4+ T cells expressing immune checkpoint molecule... | The persistence of HIV in a small pool of long-lived latently infected resting CD4+ T cells is a major barrier to viral eradication . Identifying cellular markers that are preferentially expressed at the surface of latently infected cells may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to cure HIV infection . We identified PD... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"hiv",
"infections",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"antiviral",
"therapy",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cloning",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
... | 2016 | CD4+ T Cells Expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 Contribute to HIV Persistence during ART |
Burkina Faso is endemic with soil-transmitted helminth infections . Over a decade of preventive chemotherapy has been implemented through annual lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) mass drug administration ( MDA ) for population aged five years and over , biennial treatment of school age children with albendazole together with... | Burkina Faso is a West African country endemic with soil-transmitted helminth infections ( STH ) . Mass treatment with albendazole has been implemented for over a decade in the country through annual mass drug administration ( MDA ) for lymphatic filariasis for population aged five years and over , biennial treatment o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"education",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"sociology",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"social",
"sciences",
"clinical",
"oncology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"oncology",
"age",
"groups",
"clinical",
"me... | 2016 | Successful Control of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in School Age Children in Burkina Faso and an Example of Community-Based Assessment via Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission Assessment Survey |
Although extensive data exist on avian influenza in wild birds in North America , limited information is available from elsewhere , including Europe . Here , molecular diagnostic tools were employed for high-throughput surveillance of migratory birds , as an alternative to classical labor-intensive methods of virus iso... | Significant gaps in our knowledge of the ecology of avian influenza in wild migratory birds have become apparent during recent outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza , in particular in relation to the risk of virus spread by wild birds . An eight-year surveillance study , which included more than 36 , 000 ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"viruses",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"birds",
"ecology",
"virology",
"microbiology",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Spatial, Temporal, and Species Variation in Prevalence of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Migratory Birds |
Bacteria from the genus Bartonella are emerging blood-borne bacteria , capable of causing long-lasting infection in marine and terrestrial mammals , including humans . Bartonella are generally well adapted to their main host , causing persistent infection without clinical manifestation . However , these organisms may c... | Bacteria from the genus Bartonella are capable of causing long-lasting infection . Despite the fact that these bacteria may cause several diseases such as cat scratch disease , trench fever , and infection of cardiac valves , which can be fatal , they may also cause asymptomatic infection in humans . Several blood-suck... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"ixodes",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"health",
"care",
"fleas",
"ticks",
"bacter... | 2016 | Risk Factors for Bartonella species Infection in Blood Donors from Southeast Brazil |
Foamy viruses ( FV ) belong to the genus Spumavirus , which forms a distinct lineage in the Retroviridae family . Although the infection in natural hosts and zoonotic transmission to humans is asymptomatic , FVs can replicate well in human cells making it an attractive gene therapy vector candidate . Here we present cr... | Foamy viruses ( FVs ) , which belong to the retroviral genus Spumavirus , are endemic to non-human primates and can be transmitted to humans . They are considered as potential vectors for gene therapy due to their broad cell tropism and their apparent apathogenicity in natural hosts and humans . In order to gain more i... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"microbiology",
"viral",
"structure",
"electron",
"cryo-microscopy",
"membrane",
"fusion",
"microscopy",
"glycoproteins",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"viral",
"packaging",
"viral",
"replication",
"virions",
"cel... | 2016 | Cryo-electron Microscopy Structure of the Native Prototype Foamy Virus Glycoprotein and Virus Architecture |
We describe a statistical framework for QTL mapping using bulk segregant analysis ( BSA ) based on high throughput , short-read sequencing . Our proposed approach is based on a smoothed version of the standard statistic , and takes into account variation in allele frequency estimates due to sampling of segregants to fo... | Quantitative or complex phenotypes are traits that are under the control of multiple genes and environmental factors . Identifying the parts of the genome that contribute to variation in complex traits ( Quantitative Trait Loci or QTLs ) , and ultimately the genes and alleles that are mechanistically responsible for tr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genomics",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"genetics",
"statistical",
"methods",
"population",
"genetics",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | The Statistics of Bulk Segregant Analysis Using Next Generation Sequencing |
We have performed the first extensive profiling of Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) miRNAs on in vivo derived normal and neoplastic infected tissues . We describe a unique pattern of viral miRNA expression by normal infected cells in vivo expressing restricted viral latency programs ( germinal center: Latency II and memory B... | miRNAs are small ( ∼22 bp ) RNAs . They play central roles in many cellular processes . Epstein-Barr virus ( EBV ) is an important human pathogen that establishes persistent infection in nearly all humans and is associated with several common forms of cancer . To achieve persistent infection , the virus infects B cells... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"viral",
"persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"virology",
"viruses",
"and",
"cancer",
"oncology",
"agents",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"epstein-barr",
"virus",
"infectious",
"mononucleosis"
] | 2011 | A Novel Persistence Associated EBV miRNA Expression Profile Is Disrupted in Neoplasia |
The innate immune system , acting as the first line of host defense , senses and adapts to foreign challenges through complex intracellular and intercellular signaling networks . Endotoxin tolerance and priming elicited by macrophages are classic examples of the complex adaptation of innate immune cells . Upon repetiti... | Inflammation is a fundamental response of animals to pathogen invasion . Among the first responders are macrophage cells , which identify and respond to multiple challenges . Their responses must be carefully regulated to kill invading pathogens without causing too much damage to host cells . Excessive activity of macr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cytokines",
"statistical",
"mechanics",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"algorithms",
"mathematics",
"inflammation",
"theoretical",
"biology",
"biology",
"nonlinear",
"dynamics",
"immune",
"response",
"immune",
"system",
"physics",
"systems",
"biology",
"co... | 2012 | Network Topologies and Dynamics Leading to Endotoxin Tolerance and Priming in Innate Immune Cells |
Sleep is a fundamental biological process conserved across the animal kingdom . The study of how sleep regulatory networks are conserved is needed to better understand sleep across evolution . We present a detailed description of a sleep state in adult zebrafish characterized by reversible periods of immobility , incre... | Sleep disorders are common and poorly understood . Further , how and why the brain generates sleep is the object of intense speculations . In this study , we demonstrate that a bony fish used for genetic studies sleeps and that a molecule , hypocretin , involved in causing narcolepsy , is conserved . In humans , narcol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"neurological",
"disorders",
"neuroscience",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Characterization of Sleep in Zebrafish and Insomnia in Hypocretin Receptor Mutants |
In 2000 , we investigated the Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) outbreak on the Arabian Peninsula—the first outside Africa—and the risk of nosocomial transmission . In a cross-sectional design , during the peak of the epidemic at its epicenter , we found four ( 0 . 6% ) of 703 healthcare workers ( HCWs ) IgM seropositive but a... | Rift Valley fever ( RVF ) is a zoonosis that is primarily transmitted to humans via infected mosquito bites . Although most acute RVF infection results in a nonspecific febrile illness , 1% of cases develop hemorrhage and 50% of these may result in death . Person-to-person transmission has not been described , but high... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | The Risk of Nosocomial Transmission of Rift Valley Fever |
Memory formation is a highly complex and dynamic process . It consists of different phases , which depend on various neuronal and molecular mechanisms . In adult Drosophila it was shown that memory formation after aversive Pavlovian conditioning includes—besides other forms—a labile short-term component that consolidat... | Learning and memory helps organisms to predict and adapt to events in their environment . Gained experience leaves traces of memory in the nervous system . Yet , memory formation in vertebrates and invertebrates is a highly complex and dynamic process that consists of different phases , which depend on various neuronal... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurochemistry",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"anesthesiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"animals",
"organic",
"compounds",
"hormones",
"animal",
"models",
"develo... | 2016 | Genetic Dissection of Aversive Associative Olfactory Learning and Memory in Drosophila Larvae |
Mitochondrial protein import is essential for Trypanosoma brucei across its life cycle and mediated by membrane-embedded heterooligomeric protein complexes , which mainly consist of trypanosomatid-specific subunits . However , trypanosomes contain orthologues of small Tim chaperones that escort hydrophobic proteins acr... | Trypanosoma brucei and its relatives are prominent pathogens causing human and animal diseases , which mainly affect developing countries . The single mitochondrion of trypanosomes is essential across its entire life cycle . Most organellar proteins are imported by hetero-oligomeric protein complexes in the two mitocho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"rna",
"interference",
"polyacrylamide",
"gel",
"electrophoresis",
"blue",
"native",
"polyacrylamide",
"gel",
"electrophoresis",
"membrane",
"proteins",
"fungi",
"immunoprecipitation",
"chaperone",
"proteins",
"mitochondria",
"epigenetics",
"bioenergetics",
"co-immunoprecipitat... | 2017 | A trypanosomal orthologue of an intermembrane space chaperone has a non-canonical function in biogenesis of the single mitochondrial inner membrane protein translocase |
Microbial pathogenesis studies traditionally encompass dissection of virulence properties such as the bacterium's ability to elaborate toxins , adhere to and invade host cells , cause tissue damage , or otherwise disrupt normal host immune and cellular functions . In contrast , bacterial metabolism during infection has... | Bacteria that cause infections often have genes known as virulence factors that are required for bacteria to cause disease . Studying virulence factors such as toxins , adhesins , and secretion and iron-acquisition systems is a fundamental part of understanding infectious disease mechanisms . In contrast , little is kn... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/urological",
"infections",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/microbial",
"physiology",
"and",
"metabolism",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis"
] | 2009 | Fitness of Escherichia coli during Urinary Tract Infection Requires Gluconeogenesis and the TCA Cycle |
Fatty liver is a major health problem worldwide . People with hereditary deficiency of hormone-sensitive lipase ( HSL ) are reported to develop fatty liver . In this study , systemic and tissue-specific HSL-deficient mice were used as models to explore the underlying mechanism of this association . We found that system... | Fatty liver is a major complication of obesity and of type 2 diabetes mellitus . It carries a high risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer . In fatty liver , triglycerides accumulate to high levels in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes . Triglycerides are degraded by lipolysis , which has been most studied in fat cells where its ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"steatosis",
"anatomical",
"pathology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immunology",
"cytopathology",
"liver",
"diseases",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
"gastroenterology",
"... | 2017 | Adipose tissue deficiency of hormone-sensitive lipase causes fatty liver in mice |
Although much of the information regarding genes' expressions is encoded in the genome , deciphering such information has been very challenging . We reexamined Beer and Tavazoie's ( BT ) approach to predict mRNA expression patterns of 2 , 587 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the information in their respective pr... | Through binding to certain sequence-specific sites upstream of the target genes , a special class of proteins called transcription factors ( TFs ) control transcription activities , i . e . , expression amounts , of the downstream genes . The DNA sequence patterns bound by TFs are called motifs . It has been shown in a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"saccharomyces",
"cerevisiae",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Predicting Gene Expression from Sequence: A Reexamination |
Transportin-SR ( TRN-SR ) is a member of the importin-β super-family that functions as the nuclear import receptor for serine-arginine rich ( SR ) proteins , which play diverse roles in RNA metabolism . Here we report the identification and cloning of mos14 ( modifier of snc1-1 , 14 ) , a mutation that suppresses the i... | Plant immune receptors encoded by Resistance ( R ) genes play essential roles in defense against pathogens . Multiple R genes are alternatively spliced . How plants regulate the splicing of these R genes is unclear . In this study , we identified MOS14 as an important regulator of two R genes , SNC1 and RPS4 . Further ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"biology",
"plant",
"pathogens",
"plant",
"pathology",
"plant",
"genetics",
"biology",
"plant",
"physiology"
] | 2011 | Transportin-SR Is Required for Proper Splicing of Resistance Genes and Plant Immunity |
Nodular Oesophagostomum genus nematodes are a major public health concern in some African regions because they can be lethal to humans . Their relatively high prevalence in people has been described in Uganda recently . While non-human primates also harbor Oesophagostomum spp . , the epidemiology of this oesophagostomo... | Nodular worms frequently infect primates , pigs and ruminants . These intestinal nematodes induce inflammatory masses in the colon wall that cause severe abdominal pain , diarrhea , weight loss , and potential death . Through microscopic and molecular analyses , we studied the presence of nodular worms in three non-hum... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Nodular Worm Infections in Wild Non-human Primates and Humans Living in the Sebitoli Area (Kibale National Park, Uganda): Do High Spatial Proximity Favor Zoonotic Transmission? |
Traits such as clutch size vary markedly across species and environmental gradients but have usually been investigated from either a comparative or a geographic perspective , respectively . We analyzed the global variation in clutch size across 5 , 290 bird species , excluding brood parasites and pelagic species . We i... | Why do some bird species lay only one egg in their nest , and others ten ? The clutch size of birds is one of the best-studied life-history traits of animals . Nevertheless , research has so far focused either on a comparative approach , relating clutch size to other biological traits of the species , such as body weig... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"ecology"
] | 2008 | The Worldwide Variation in Avian Clutch Size across Species and Space |
Genome-wide association studies ( GWAS ) have identified 38 larger genetic regions affecting classical blood lipid levels without adjusting for important environmental influences . We modeled diet and physical activity in a GWAS in order to identify novel loci affecting total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , HDL cholest... | In this article we report a genome-wide association study on cholesterol levels in the human blood . We used a Swedish cohort to select genetic polymorphisms that showed the strongest association with cholesterol levels adjusted for diet and physical activity . We replicated several genetic loci in other European cohor... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"nutrition",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"determinants",
"of",
"health",
"g... | 2010 | Modeling of Environmental Effects in Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies SLC2A2 and HP as Novel Loci Influencing Serum Cholesterol Levels |
Apoptosis is essential to prevent oncogenic transformation by triggering self-destruction of harmful cells , including those unable to differentiate . However , the mechanisms linking impaired cell differentiation and apoptosis during development and disease are not well understood . Here we report that the Drosophila ... | Apoptosis is a highly conserved cellular function to remove excessive or unstable cells in diverse developmental processes and disease-responses . An important example is the elimination of cells unable to differentiate , which have the potential to generate tumors . Despite the significance of this process , the mecha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Antagonistic Regulation of Apoptosis and Differentiation by the Cut Transcription Factor Represents a Tumor-Suppressing Mechanism in Drosophila |
The Piwi pathway is deeply conserved amongst animals because one of its essential functions is to repress transposons . However , many Piwi-interacting RNAs ( piRNAs ) do not base-pair to transposons and remain mysterious in their targeting function . The sheer number of piRNA cluster ( piC ) loci in animal genomes and... | Animal genomes from flies to humans contain many hundreds of non-coding elements called Piwi-interacting RNAs ( piRNAs ) cluster loci ( piC loci ) . Some of these elements generate piRNAs that direct the silencing of transposable elements , which are pervasive genetic parasites . However , we lack an understanding of t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Conserved piRNA Expression from a Distinct Set of piRNA Cluster Loci in Eutherian Mammals |
Staphylococcus aureus causes acute and chronic infections resulting in significant morbidity . Urease , an enzyme that generates NH3 and CO2 from urea , is key to pH homeostasis in bacterial pathogens under acidic stress and nitrogen limitation . However , the function of urease in S . aureus niche colonization and nit... | Urease has been reported to be crucial to bacteria in environmental adaptation , virulence , and defense against host immunity . Although the function of urease in S . aureus is not clear , recent evidence suggests that urease is important for acid resistance in various niches . Our study deciphered a function of S . a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"urea",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ureases",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"carbohydrates",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"organic",
"compounds",
"glucose",
"basic"... | 2019 | Urease is an essential component of the acid response network of Staphylococcus aureus and is required for a persistent murine kidney infection |
The packaging and organization of genomic DNA into chromatin represents an additional regulatory layer of gene expression , with specific nucleosome positions that restrict the accessibility of regulatory DNA elements . The mechanisms that position nucleosomes in vivo are thought to depend on the biophysical properties... | Nucleosomes are not positioned randomly on DNA but on preferential sites with respect to the underlying DNA sequence . Histones belong to the most conserved eukaryotic proteins , as sequence dependent nucleosome positioning is an essential regulatory feature of nucleosomes , determining the accessibility of regulatory ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"parasite",
"groups",
"plasmodium",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"plasmodium",
"falciparum",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"parasitology",
"apicomplexa",
"protozoans",
"genome",
"analysis",
"sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"epigenetics",
"chromat... | 2016 | Plasmodium falciparum Nucleosomes Exhibit Reduced Stability and Lost Sequence Dependent Nucleosome Positioning |
During many chronic infections virus-specific CD8 T cells succumb to exhaustion as they lose their ability to respond to antigenic activation . Combinations of IL-12 , IL-18 , and IL-21 have been shown to induce the antigen-independent production of interferon ( IFN ) -γ by effector and memory CD8 T cells . In this stu... | Ongoing viral infections can corrupt the immune defense system . One way in which this occurs is by the induction of exhaustion in the host's anti-viral CD8 T cells , a key component of the immune response . Investigating the causes and consequences of T cell exhaustion will likely provide insights into potential strat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immune",
"cells",
"immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"adaptive",
"immunity",
"immune",
"defense",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"t",
"cells",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"immune",
"response",
"viral",
"persistence",
"and",... | 2011 | Exhausted CD8 T Cells Downregulate the IL-18 Receptor and Become Unresponsive to Inflammatory Cytokines and Bacterial Co-infections |
Muscle coordination studies repeatedly show low-dimensionality of muscle activations for a wide variety of motor tasks . The basis vectors of this low-dimensional subspace , termed muscle synergies , are hypothesized to reflect neurally-established functional muscle groupings that simplify body control . However , the ... | How the brain and spinal cord control the body is a fundamental question of critical scientific and clinical importance . The preferred experimental approach to answer this question has been to infer the neural control strategy by analyzing recordings of muscle activity and limb mechanics collected while animals and pe... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"physics",
"medicine",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"neurophysiology",
"electromyography",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"physiology",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"neuroscience",
"biomechanics"
] | 2012 | Challenges and New Approaches to Proving the Existence of Muscle Synergies of Neural Origin |
Mycobacterium leprae ( M . leprae ) lives and replicates within macrophages in a foamy , lipid-laden phagosome . The lipids provide essential nutrition for the mycobacteria , and M . leprae infection modulates expression of important host proteins related to lipid metabolism . Thus , M . leprae infection increases the ... | Leprosy , caused by Mycobacterium leprae ( M . leprae ) , is an ancient infectious disease that remains the leading infectious cause of disability . After infection , M . leprae lives inside host macrophages that contain a large amount of lipids , which is thought to be an essential microenvironment for M . leprae to s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"mycobacterium",
"drugs",
"and",
"devices",
"biology",
"metabolism",
"lipid",
"metabolism"
] | 2012 | Clofazimine Modulates the Expression of Lipid Metabolism Proteins in Mycobacterium leprae-Infected Macrophages |
Trade-offs between energy consumption and neuronal performance must shape the design and evolution of nervous systems , but we lack empirical data showing how neuronal energy costs vary according to performance . Using intracellular recordings from the intact retinas of four flies , Drosophila melanogaster , D . virili... | Many animals show striking reductions or enlargements of sense organs or brain regions according to their lifestyle and habitat . For example , cave dwelling or subterranean animals often have reduced eyes and brain regions involved in visual processing . These differences suggest that although there are benefits to po... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"biophysics",
"neuroscience"
] | 2007 | Fly Photoreceptors Demonstrate Energy-Information Trade-Offs in Neural Coding |
We present a data-driven mathematical model of a key initiating step in platelet activation , a central process in the prevention of bleeding following Injury . In vascular disease , this process is activated inappropriately and causes thrombosis , heart attacks and stroke . The collagen receptor GPVI is the primary tr... | Platelets are blood cells that , upon injury , trigger the blood to clot . Following blood vessel damage platelets encounter the extracellular matrix protein collagen to which they respond . They become activated , aggregating to form a major component of blood clots . The platelet collagen receptor GPVI stimulates pla... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Regulation of Early Steps of GPVI Signal Transduction by Phosphatases: A Systems Biology Approach |
In healthy adult mice , the β cell population is not maintained by stem cells but instead by the replication of differentiated β cells . It is not known , however , whether all β cells contribute equally to growth and maintenance , as it may be that some cells replicate while others do not . Understanding precisely whi... | The β cells of the pancreas are responsible for insulin production and their destruction results in type I diabetes . β cell maintenance , growth , and regenerative repair is thought to occur predominately , if not exclusively , through the replication of existing β cells , not via an adult stem cell . It was previousl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"physiology",
"in",
"vitro",
"diabetes",
"and",
"endocrinology",
"molecular",
"biology"
] | 2007 | All β Cells Contribute Equally to Islet Growth and Maintenance |
Evolutionary expansion of signaling pathway families often underlies the evolution of regulatory complexity . Expansion requires the acquisition of a novel homologous pathway and the diversification of pathway specificity . Acquisition can occur either vertically , by duplication , or through horizontal transfer , whil... | Many molecular pathways are found multiple times in a given organism , where they are often reutilized for different functions . Such expansion of a family of pathways requires two main evolutionary processes—acquisition of additional copies of the pathway's genes and divergence of interaction specificity to prevent cr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"bacillus",
"microbiology",
"prokaryotic",
"models",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"phylogenetic",
"analysis",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"... | 2016 | Transient Duplication-Dependent Divergence and Horizontal Transfer Underlie the Evolutionary Dynamics of Bacterial Cell–Cell Signaling |
Small RNAs are functional molecules that modulate mRNA transcripts and have been implicated in the aetiology of several common diseases . However , little is known about the extent of their variability within the human population . Here , we characterise the extent , causes , and effects of naturally occurring variatio... | Genetic information is transmitted to the cell only through RNA molecules . A special class of RNAs is comprised of the small ( up to 30 nucleotide ) ones , known to be potent regulators of various cellular processes . At the same time , they have not been as widely studied as messenger RNAs—we do not know how much var... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"population",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"molecular",
"biology",
"physics",
"rna",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"genetics",
"computational",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"human"... | 2012 | Extent, Causes, and Consequences of Small RNA Expression Variation in Human Adipose Tissue |
Quantifying the dynamics of intrahost HIV-1 sequence evolution is one means of uncovering information about the interaction between HIV-1 and the host immune system . In the chronic phase of infection , common dynamics of sequence divergence and diversity have been reported . We developed an HIV-1 sequence evolution mo... | Saturation of sequence divergence and a decline of diversity in later stages of infection have been commonly observed during HIV-1 infection , although the length of the time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) is highly variable among patients . To explain this common feature , we developed a simple sequenc... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"infectious",
"diseases/hiv",
"infection",
"and",
"aids"
] | 2008 | Dynamic Correlation between Intrahost HIV-1 Quasispecies Evolution and Disease Progression |
Dendritic cells ( DCs ) are phagocytes that are highly specialized for antigen presentation . Heterogeneous populations of macrophages and DCs form a phagocyte network inside the red pulp ( RP ) of the spleen , which is a major site for the control of blood-borne infections such as malaria . However , the dynamics of s... | Malaria is a significant health issue , particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world . The red pulp ( RP ) of the spleen is a major site for the control of blood-borne infections such as malaria . Macrophages and dendritic cells ( DCs ) form a complex phagocyte network inside the splenic RP . DCs a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | In Vivo Approaches Reveal a Key Role for DCs in CD4+ T Cell Activation and Parasite Clearance during the Acute Phase of Experimental Blood-Stage Malaria |
Organisms in the wild develop with varying food availability . During periods of nutritional scarcity , development may slow or arrest until conditions improve . The ability to modulate developmental programs in response to poor nutritional conditions requires a means of sensing the changing nutritional environment and... | Organisms in the wild often face long periods in which food is scarce . This may occur due to seasonal effects , loss of territory , or changes in predator-to-prey ratio . During periods of scarcity , organisms undergo adaptations to conserve resources and prolong survival . When nutrient deprivation occurs during deve... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"growth",
"control",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"animal",
"genetics",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"gene",
"function",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"organism",
"development",
"nutrition",
"molecula... | 2014 | Identification of Late Larval Stage Developmental Checkpoints in Caenorhabditis elegans Regulated by Insulin/IGF and Steroid Hormone Signaling Pathways |
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 regulates the folding of diverse signal transducers in all eukaryotes , profoundly affecting cellular circuitry . In fungi , Hsp90 influences development , drug resistance , and evolution . Hsp90 interacts with ∼10% of the proteome in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , while only t... | Hsp90 is an essential and conserved molecular chaperone in eukaryotes that assists with folding diverse proteins , especially regulators of cellular signaling . By activating signaling in response to environmental cues , Hsp90 has a profound impact on myriad aspects of biology . In fungi , Hsp90 influences development ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Mapping the Hsp90 Genetic Interaction Network in Candida albicans Reveals Environmental Contingency and Rewired Circuitry |
How genetic programs generate cell-intrinsic forces to shape embryos is actively studied , but less so how tissue-scale physical forces impact morphogenesis . Here we address the role of the latter during axis extension , using Drosophila germband extension ( GBE ) as a model . We found previously that cells elongate i... | Embryos change shape dramatically during development . The genetic programs that drive the active behavior of cells underlying these changes are well understood , but little is known about how movements of neighboring tissues influence the shaping of a given tissue . We address this question for the anteroposterior elo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Mechanical Coupling between Endoderm Invagination and Axis Extension in Drosophila |
Pneumonic plague is a fatal disease caused by Yersinia pestis that is associated with a delayed immune response in the lungs . Because neutrophils are the first immune cells recruited to sites of infection , we investigated the mechanisms responsible for their delayed homing to the lung . During the first 24 hr after p... | The pathogen Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of pneumonic plague , as well as a potential bioweapon . The nature of this disease involves an initial non-inflammatory phase where the influx of neutrophils to the lungs is suppressed , allowing bacterial propagation in this organ . Using the mouse model of pneumoni... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Circumventing Y. pestis Virulence by Early Recruitment of Neutrophils to the Lungs during Pneumonic Plague |
Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of infectious diarrhea in young children worldwide , and is a significant contributor to under-five mortality . Current treatment options are limited in young children . In this study , we describe the natural history of Cryptosporidium spp . infection in a birth cohort of children i... | Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of death in young children worldwide . Cryptosporidium species are responsible for a large proportion of global burden of diarrhea . This study describes the natural history of cryptosporidiosis in a birth cohort of impoverished Bangladeshi children . Children were enrolled at birth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"children",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"respiratory",
"infections",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"cryptosporidium",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"pulmonology",
"pediatrics",
"diarrhea",
"age"... | 2016 | Natural History of Cryptosporidiosis in a Longitudinal Study of Slum-Dwelling Bangladeshi Children: Association with Severe Malnutrition |
Mutants lacking the ψ ( HolD ) subunit of the Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III holoenzyme ( Pol III HE ) have poor viability , but a residual growth allows the isolation of spontaneous suppressor mutations that restore ΔholD mutant viability . Here we describe the isolation and characterization of two suppressor mut... | Replication polymerases are responsible for genome duplication; they are ubiquitous and show high levels of functional and structural conservation across all species . The HolC-HolD ( χψ ) complex is a component of the replicative polymerase in the model bacteria Escherichia coli , and is crucial for normal growth . We... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"protein",
"interactions",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"cloning",
"mutation",
"polymerases",
"dna",
"replication",
"gene",
"types",
"dna",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"proteins",
"molecular",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"... | 2016 | Mutations Affecting Potassium Import Restore the Viability of the Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III holD Mutant |
Solitary cysticercus granuloma ( SCG ) is the commonest form of neurocysticercosis in the Indian subcontinent and in travelers . Several different treatment options exist for SCG . We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials ( RCTs ) to identify the best treatment option to prevent seizu... | Neurocysticercosis is an infection of the central nervous system by the larva of Taenia solium ( pork tapeworm ) . It is a leading cause of epilepsy in the world . The disease takes many different forms , each with different optimal treatment . In this study , we focused on the treatment of solitary cysticercus granulo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"granulomas",
"immunology",
"corticosteroid",
"therapy",
"database",
"searching",
"neuroscience",
"physiological",
"processes",
"mathematics"... | 2016 | Albendazole and Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Solitary Cysticercus Granuloma: A Network Meta-analysis |
The causative agent of gonorrhea , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , bears retractable filamentous appendages called type IV pili ( Tfp ) . Tfp are used by many pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria to carry out a number of vital functions , including DNA uptake , twitching motility ( crawling over surfaces ) , and attachment to... | Type IV pili are filamentous appendages borne by a large number of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria . They play crucial roles in basic microbial processes such as surface motility , virulence , and DNA exchange . Neisseria gonorrhoeae , the causative agent of gonorrhea , can extend and retract these long , thin th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"biophysics"
] | 2008 | Cooperative Retraction of Bundled Type IV Pili Enables Nanonewton Force Generation |
We report a computational approach that integrates structural bioinformatics , molecular modelling and systems biology to construct a drug-target network on a structural proteome-wide scale . The approach has been applied to the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tb ) , the causative agent of one of today's mos... | The worldwide increase in multi-drug resistant TB poses a great threat to human health and highlights the need to identify new anti-tubercular agents . We have developed a computational strategy to link the structural proteome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative agent of tuberculosis , to all structurally cha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"structure",
"analysis",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"biotechnology/small",
"molecule",
"chemistry"
] | 2010 | The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drugome and Its Polypharmacological Implications |
To fight infections , rare T cells must quickly home to appropriate lymph nodes ( LNs ) , and reliably localize the antigen ( Ag ) within them . The first challenge calls for rapid trafficking between LNs , whereas the second may require extensive search within each LN . Here we combine simulations and experimental dat... | Each of the immune system's T lymphocytes recognizes a highly specific molecular pattern , and only a very few T cells are capable of detecting any given infection . These rare cells are at first scattered throughout the body when a pathogen invades the host . To mount an immune response , they need to come together wi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"white",
"blood",
"cells",
"immune",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"animal",
"cells",
"t",
"cells",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"cellular",
"types",
"immunology",
"immune",
"response"
] | 2014 | Random Migration and Signal Integration Promote Rapid and Robust T Cell Recruitment |
UNC93B1 associates with Toll-Like Receptor ( TLR ) 3 , TLR7 and TLR9 , mediating their translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endolysosome , hence allowing proper activation by nucleic acid ligands . We found that the triple deficient ‘3d’ mice , which lack functional UNC93B1 , are hyper-susceptible to inf... | One third of the human population in the world is chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii . While the majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic , toxoplasmosis is a major cause of congenital disease , abortion , and a life-threatening opportunistic disease in immunocompromised individuals . Early activation... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | UNC93B1 Mediates Host Resistance to Infection with Toxoplasma gondii |
Early bacterial surface colonization is not a random process wherein cells arbitrarily attach to surfaces and grow; but rather , attachment events , movement and cellular interactions induce non-random spatial organization . We have only begun to understand how the apparent self-organization affects the fitness of the ... | A vast portion of bacterial life on Earth takes place on surfaces . In many of these surfaces cells collectively organize into biofilms that are known to provide them protection from various environmental stresses . Early bacterial colonization of surfaces , prior to the development of mature biofilm , is a critical st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"biofilms",
"cell",
"death",
"invertebrates",
"plant",
"anatomy",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"animals",
"plant",
"science",
"mathematics",
"population",
"biology",
"probability",
"density",
"leaves",
"biophysics",
"probability",
"theory",
"physic... | 2019 | Bacterial surface colonization, preferential attachment and fitness under periodic stress |
Small RNAs—including piRNAs , miRNAs , and endogenous siRNAs—bind Argonaute proteins to form RNA silencing complexes that target coding genes , transposons , and aberrant RNAs . To assess the requirements for endogenous siRNA formation and activity in Caenorhabditis elegans , we developed a GFP-based sensor for the end... | RNA interference ( RNAi ) is the process in which endogenous small RNA pathways are exploited by researchers to direct RNA silencing of particular genes . Plants and animals use endogenous RNA silencing pathways for protection against viruses and transposable elements and to regulate genes during development . The feat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | PIWI Associated siRNAs and piRNAs Specifically Require the Caenorhabditis elegans HEN1 Ortholog henn-1 |
Visceral Leishmaniasis in humans presents with fever , anemia , and splenomegaly and can be lethal if not treated . Nevertheless , the majority of Leishmania infantum-infected individuals does not manifest symptoms and remain so provided they are not immunosuppressed . In this work , the performance of different tests ... | Infections with Leishmania infantum occurring in humans can become clinically manifest as active visceral leishmaniasis [VL] , more frequently so in individuals with compromised immune systems and the disease can be fatal if left untreated . However , many individuals living in endemic areas who are infected through of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"body",
"fluids",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"geographical",
"locations",
"biomarkers",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases"... | 2019 | Evaluation of methods for detection of asymptomatic individuals infected with Leishmania infantum in the state of Piauí, Brazil |
Interferon ( IFN ) -induced transmembrane protein 3 ( IFITM3 ) is a cell-intrinsic factor that limits influenza virus infections . We previously showed that IFITM3 degradation is increased by its ubiquitination , though the ubiquitin ligase responsible for this modification remained elusive . Here , we demonstrate that... | IFITM3 is critical for limiting the severity of influenza virus infections in humans and mice . Optimal antiviral activity of IFITM3 is achieved when it is present at high levels within cells . Our results indicate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 decreases baseline IFITM3 levels by ubiquitinating IFITM3 and promotin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | E3 Ubiquitin Ligase NEDD4 Promotes Influenza Virus Infection by Decreasing Levels of the Antiviral Protein IFITM3 |
Accumulating evidence suggests that breast cancer metastatic progression is modified by germline polymorphism , although specific modifier genes have remained largely undefined . In the current study , we employ the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model and the AKXD panel of recombinant inbred mice to identify AT–rich inter... | A person's individual genetic background influences not only the likelihood of developing breast cancer , but also the likelihood of that cancer becoming metastatic . The identification of metastasis susceptibility genes using human samples is rendered impractical by the high degree of genetic diversity among people . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"systems",
"biology",
"animal",
"genetics",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"model",
"organisms",
"mouse",
"genetics",
"biology",
"gene",
"networks",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Allelic Variation and Differential Expression of the mSIN3A Histone Deacetylase Complex Gene Arid4b Promote Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis |
Integrated Information Theory ( IIT ) has become nowadays the most sensible general theory of consciousness . In addition to very important statements , it opens the door for an abstract ( mathematical ) formulation of the theory . Given a mechanism in a particular state , IIT identifies a conscious experience with a c... | In this paper we introduce a space-time continuous version for the level of integrated information of a network on which a dynamics is defined . The concept of integrated information comes from the IIT of consciousness . By a strict mathematical formulation , we complement the existing IIT theoretical framework from a ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience",
"cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"systems",
"science",
"mathematics",
"probability",
"distribution",
"algebra",
"computer",
"and",
"information",
"sciences",
"consciousness",
"dynamical",
"systems",
"differential",
"equations",
"probability",
"theory",
"eigenvecto... | 2018 | Informational structures: A dynamical system approach for integrated information |
To generate highly specific and adapted immune responses , B cells diversify their antibody repertoire through mechanisms involving the generation of programmed DNA damage . Somatic hypermutation ( SHM ) and class switch recombination ( CSR ) are initiated by the recruitment of activation-induced cytidine deaminase ( A... | During infections , B cells diversify the antibodies they produce by two mechanisms: somatic hypermutation ( SHM ) and class switch recombination ( CSR ) . SHM mutates the regions encoding the antigen-binding site , generating high-affinity antibodies . CSR allows B cells to switch the class of antibody they produce ( ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Parp3 Negatively Regulates Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination |
Human cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease causing severe health disorders and even death . While prevalence data become available worldwide , incidence rate and cumulative incidence figures are lacking , which limits the understanding of the Taenia solium epidemiology . A seroepidemiological cohort study was conducted ... | Human cysticercosis is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease causing severe health disorders such as epilepsy and even death . Cysticercosis is related to poverty , inadequate hygiene conditions and traditional pig farming . The present study describes the dynamic nature of human Taenia solium larval infections in an ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"taeniasis",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"helminth",
"infections",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neurocysticercosis",
"epidemiology",
"cysticercosis",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
... | 2014 | Incidence of Human Taenia solium Larval Infections in an Ecuadorian Endemic Area: Implications for Disease Burden Assessment and Control |
In the bloodstream of mammalian hosts Trypanosoma brucei undergoes well-characterised density-dependent growth control and developmental adaptation for transmission . This involves the differentiation from proliferative , morphologically ‘slender’ forms to quiescent ‘stumpy’ forms that preferentially infect the tsetse ... | Animal African trypanosomiases are important diseases of livestock in sub-Saharan Africa . Two of the responsible parasite species are Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense , both being blood-borne parasites transmitted by tsetse flies . In T . brucei there is a well-characterised developmental event in the blo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"parasitic",
"cell",
"cycles",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"trypanosoma",
"congolense",
"cell",
"processes",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"parasitology",
"trypanosoma",
"brucei",
"developmen... | 2018 | A gene expression comparison of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in the bloodstream of the mammalian host reveals species-specific adaptations to density-dependent development |
As the brain matures , its responses become optimized . Behavioral measures show this through improved accuracy and decreased trial-to-trial variability . The question remains whether the supporting brain dynamics show a similar decrease in variability . We examined the relation between variability in single trial evok... | Intuitive notions of brain–behavior relationships would suggest that because children show more variability in behavior , their brains should also be more variable . We demonstrate that this is not the case . In measuring brain signal variability with EEG and behavior in a simple face recognition task , we found that b... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"neuroscience/neurodevelopment",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience"
] | 2008 | Increased Brain Signal Variability Accompanies Lower Behavioral Variability in Development |
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