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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The regulation of cell migration is essential to animal development and physiology . Heparan sulfate proteoglycans shape the interactions of morphogens and guidance cues with their respective receptors to elicit appropriate cellular responses . Heparan sulfate proteoglycans consist of a protein core with attached hepar... | During animal development , cells and neurons navigate long distances to reach their final target destinations . Migrating cells are guided by extracellular molecular cues , and cellular responses to these cues are regulated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans . Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are proteins with long heparan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"caenorhabditis",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"caenorhabditis",
"elegans",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism"... | 2017 | Functional Requirements for Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis in Morphogenesis and Nervous System Development in C. elegans |
Stem rust ( Puccinia graminis f . sp . tritici; Pgt ) is a devastating fungal disease of wheat and barley . Pgt race TTKSK ( isolate Ug99 ) is a serious threat to these Triticeae grain crops because resistance is rare . In barley , the complex Rpg-TTKSK locus on chromosome 5H is presently the only known source of quali... | An important step in molecular plant pathology is the identification of the biologically relevant events that are directly involved in mediating resistance to pathogens . Historically , it is known that de novo and modulated gene expression are important components of the immune response . And yet , how exactly regulat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"functional",
"genomics",
"barley",
"plant",
"biology",
"crop",
"genetics",
"dna",
"transcription",
"gene",
"function",
"genetic",
"maps",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"plant",
"science",
"linkage",
"maps",
"cereals",
"crops",
"... | 2011 | Quantitative and Qualitative Stem Rust Resistance Factors in Barley Are Associated with Transcriptional Suppression of Defense Regulons |
Sequencing technologies are becoming cheap enough to apply to large numbers of study participants and promise to provide new insights into human phenotypes by bringing to light rare and previously unknown genetic variants . We develop a new framework for the analysis of sequence data that incorporates all of the major ... | Studies correlating genetic variation to disease and other human traits have examined mostly common mutations , partly because of technological restrictions . However , recent advances have resulted in dramatically declining costs of obtaining genomic sequence data , which provides the opportunity to detect rare geneti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/population",
"genetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/complex",
"traits",
"computational",
"biology/evolutionary",
"modeling",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"computation... | 2010 | An Evolutionary Framework for Association Testing in Resequencing Studies |
Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin ( PIA ) , also known as poly-N-acetyl-β- ( 1–6 ) -glucosamine ( PIA/PNAG ) is an important component of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms and also contributes to resistance to phagocytosis . The proteins IcaA , IcaD , IcaB , and IcaC are encoded within the intercellular adhesin ( ica )... | Staphylococcal polysaccharide intercellular adhesin ( PIA ) , also known as β-1-6-linked N-acetylglucosamine ( PNAG ) plays a role in immune evasion and biofilm formation . Evidence suggests that under certain circumstances PIA/PNAG production is beneficial , whereas at times , it may be advantageous for the bacteria t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens"
] | 2014 | Phase Variation of Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine Expression in Staphylococcus aureus |
Rabies is a fatal infection of the central nervous system primarily transmitted by rabid animal bites . Rabies virus ( RABV ) circulates through two different epidemiological cycles: terrestrial and aerial , where dogs , foxes or skunks and bats , respectively , act as the most relevant reservoirs and/or vectors . It i... | In Argentina , successful vaccination and control of terrestrial rabies in the 1980s revealed the importance of the aerial route in RABV transmission . Current distribution of cases shows a predominance of rabies by hematophagous bats in the Northern regions where rabies is a major public health concern; in contrast , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"rabies",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonotic",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"viral",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | High Diversity of Rabies Viruses Associated with Insectivorous Bats in Argentina: Presence of Several Independent Enzootics |
The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B ( NFκB ) is a key regulator of pro-inflammatory and pro-proliferative processes . Accordingly , uncontrolled NFκB activity may contribute to the development of severe diseases when the regulatory system is impaired . Since NFκB can be triggered by a huge variety of inflam... | In unstimulated cells , the transcription factor NFκB resides in the cytosol bound to its inhibitor IκBα . Canonical activation of NFκB by numerous stimuli leads to proteasomal depletion of IκBα , thereby liberating NFκB to translocate into the nucleus to induce transcription of genes leading to proliferation , angioge... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"systems",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Identification of New IκBα Complexes by an Iterative Experimental and Mathematical Modeling Approach |
Studies have suggested that Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition ( EMT ) and transformation is an important step in progression to cancer . Par3 ( partitioning-defective protein ) is a crucial factor in regulating epithelial cell polarity . However , the mechanism by which the latency associated nuclear antigen ( LANA ) e... | Par3 ( partitioning-defective protein ) is characterized as a cell polarity protein with a crucial role in regulating EMT progression in KSHV-infected cells . Notably , SNAIL , a major EMT regulator is targeted through expression of Par3 and Latency associated nuclear antigen ( LANA ) during KSHV infection . In this st... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"nuclear",
"staining",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"oncology",
"immunoprecipitatio... | 2016 | KSHV-Mediated Regulation of Par3 and SNAIL Contributes to B-Cell Proliferation |
Human cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) exerts diverse and complex effects on the immune system , not all of which have been attributed to viral genes . Acute CMV infection results in transient restrictions in T cell proliferative ability , which can impair the control of the virus and increase the risk of secondary infections i... | The human cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) belongs to a class of viruses that interferes with the immune response of its host . Accordingly , infection with CMV is a severe risk for immunologically immature newborns and immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients . The mechanisms by which CMV affects the immune sys... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"immune",
"system",
"proteins",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"protein",
"interactions",
"proteins",
"immunology",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"cytomegalovirus",
"infection",
"immunomodulation"
] | 2011 | The Human Cytomegalovirus UL11 Protein Interacts with the Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase CD45, Resulting in Functional Paralysis of T Cells |
Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields ( EMFs ) , which increasingly pollute our environment , have consequences for human health about which there is continuing ignorance and debate . Whereas there is considerable ongoing concern about their harmful effects , magnetic fields are at the same time being applied as ... | Repetitive low-intensity magnetic stimulation has been used in the treatment of disease for over 50 years . Associated benefits have included alleviation of depression , memory loss , and symptoms of Parkinson disease , as well as accelerated bone and wound healing and the treatment of certain cancers , independently o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"reactive",
"oxygen",
"species",
"redox",
"signaling",
"biological",
"cultures",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"electromagnetic",
"fields",
... | 2018 | Low-intensity electromagnetic fields induce human cryptochrome to modulate intracellular reactive oxygen species |
SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 infection of myeloid-lineage and resting CD4+ T-cells . Most likely this occurs through deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase activity that reduces cellular dNTP to a level where reverse transcriptase cannot function , although alternative mechanisms have been proposed recently . Here ... | SAMHD1 is a restriction factor that blocks infection of certain immune cells by HIV-1 . It was discovered to be an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of dNTPs , suggesting that it inhibits HIV-1 replication by reducing cellular dNTP pools to such low levels that reverse transcriptase cannot function . However , recent... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Phospho-dependent Regulation of SAMHD1 Oligomerisation Couples Catalysis and Restriction |
Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis has long been endemic in Israel . In recent years reported incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis increased and endemic transmission is being observed in a growing number of communities in regions previously considered free of the disease . Here we report the results of an intensive sand ... | Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a dermal disease of public health concern in Israel . The typical skin lesions are caused by single celled Leishmania parasites that are transmitted by the bite of an infected female sand fly . In the last years , the disease has been spreading and emerged in Urim , a small cooperative commun... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"social",
"sciences",
"sand",
"flies",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"diptera",
"mammals",
"seasons",
"land",
"use",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"insect",
"vect... | 2016 | Distribution and Dispersal of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Focus, the Northern Negev, Israel |
COP1 ( CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 ) , a ubiquitin E3 ligase , is a central negative regulator of photomorphogenesis . However , how COP1 activity is regulated by post-translational modifications remains largely unknown . Here we show that SUMO ( small ubiquitin-like modifier ) modification enhances COP1 activity .... | In darkness , the ubiquitin E3 ligase COP1 accumulates in the nucleus and mediates ubiquitination and degradation of positive regulators of photomorphogenesis , such as HY5 . In response to light , COP1 activity is reduced to ensure proper photomorphogenic development . However , post-translational modifications that r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"anatomy",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"enzymes",
"plant",
"embryo",
"anatomy",
"enzymology",
"plant",
"physiology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"sumoylation",
"immunoprecipitation",
"seedlings",
"plants",
"extraction",
"technique... | 2016 | An Arabidopsis SUMO E3 Ligase, SIZ1, Negatively Regulates Photomorphogenesis by Promoting COP1 Activity |
Controlled secretion of a protective extracellular matrix is required for transmission of the infective stage of a large number of protozoan and metazoan parasites . Differentiating trophozoites of the highly minimized protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia secrete the proteinaceous portion of the cyst wall material ( CWM ... | The protozoan Giardia lamblia is the leading cause for parasite-induced diarrhea with significant morbidity in humans and animals world-wide , and is transmitted by water-resistant cysts . Giardia has undergone substantial reductive evolution to a simpler organization than the last common eukaryotic ancestor , which ma... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"cell",
"biology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"cell",
"biology/extra-cellular",
"matrix",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"evolutionary",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"infecti... | 2010 | Selective Condensation Drives Partitioning and Sequential Secretion of Cyst Wall Proteins in Differentiating Giardia lamblia |
Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) is a ubiquitous viral pathogen associated with large-scale morbidity and mortality in humans . However , there is considerable uncertainty over the time-scale of its origin and evolution . Initial shotgun data from a mid-16th century Italian child mummy , that was previously paleopathologicall... | Hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) exerts formidable morbidity and mortality in humans . We used ancient DNA techniques to recover the complete genome sequence of an HBV from the mummified remains of a child discovered in the 16th century from Naples , Italy . Strikingly , our analysis of this specimen resulted in two contrasti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"chemical",
"characterization",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"mitochondrial",
"dna",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"hepatitis",
"b",
"virus",
"viruses",
... | 2018 | The paradox of HBV evolution as revealed from a 16th century mummy |
Pituitary tumors are common intracranial neoplasms , yet few germline abnormalities have been implicated in their pathogenesis . Here we show that a single nucleotide germline polymorphism ( SNP ) substituting an arginine ( R ) for glycine ( G ) in the FGFR4 transmembrane domain can alter pituitary cell growth and horm... | Several human cancers have been associated with increased growth hormone levels . Here we show that a frequent single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) associated with increased cancer risk and progression also deregulates pituitary function . Through recruitment of a distinct STAT3 signaling cascade , this polymorphic r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2011 | The FGFR4-G388R Polymorphism Promotes Mitochondrial STAT3 Serine Phosphorylation to Facilitate Pituitary Growth Hormone Cell Tumorigenesis |
Specialized secretion systems of pathogenic bacteria commonly transport multiple effectors that act in concert to control and exploit the host cell as a replication-permissive niche . Both the Mycobacterium marinum and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomes contain an extended region of difference 1 ( extRD1 ) locus th... | A major mechanism used by pathogenic bacteria for disabling host defenses is secretion of virulence proteins . These effectors are often transported by specialized secretion machines . One such pathway , present in Mycobacterium and other Gram-positive genera , is ESX-1 ( early secretory antigenic target 6 system 1 ) .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"in",
"vitro",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"mus",
"(mouse)",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | A Mycobacterium ESX-1–Secreted Virulence Factor with Unique Requirements for Export |
Coral reefs are in global decline , with coral diseases increasing both in prevalence and in space , a situation that is expected only to worsen as future thermal stressors increase . Through intense surveillance , we have collected a unique and highly resolved dataset from the coral reef of Eilat ( Israel , Red Sea ) ... | Coral reefs are deteriorating at alarming rates , with coral disease outbreaks increasing in prevalence and in space . Anomalously high ocean temperatures are thought to significantly contribute to this problem . We collected a unique and highly resolved dataset of a White Plague Disease ( WPD ) outbreak from the coral... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Modeling the Impact of White-Plague Coral Disease in Climate Change Scenarios |
During meiosis , Structural Maintenance of Chromosome ( SMC ) complexes underpin two fundamental features of meiosis: homologous recombination and chromosome segregation . While meiotic functions of the cohesin and condensin complexes have been delineated , the role of the third SMC complex , Smc5/6 , remains enigmatic... | Meiosis is a specialized cell division that exactly halves the number of chromosomes transmitted from each parent to their offspring via gamete cells ( such as sperm and eggs ) . This requires that matching ( ‘homologous’ ) chromosomes associate and then separate into different cells such that each gamete contains exac... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Smc5/6 Coordinates Formation and Resolution of Joint Molecules with Chromosome Morphology to Ensure Meiotic Divisions |
Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen , causing infections that can be lethal in immunocompromised patients . Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model for C . albicans , it lacks C . albicans' diverse morphogenic forms and is primarily non-pathogenic . Comprehensive genetic analyse... | Candida albicans is a normal inhabitant in our bodies , yet it can become pathogenic and cause infections that range from the superficial in healthy individuals to deadly in the immunocompromised . Comprehensive genetic analysis of C . albicans to identify mechanisms of virulence and new treatment strategies has been h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2010 | Gene Annotation and Drug Target Discovery in Candida albicans with a Tagged Transposon Mutant Collection |
The nematode intestine is a major organ responsible for nutrient digestion and absorption; it is also involved in many other processes , such as reproduction , innate immunity , stress responses , and aging . The importance of the intestine as a target for the control of parasitic nematodes has been demonstrated . Howe... | Biological properties of the nematode intestine warrant in-depth investigation , the results of which can be utilized in the control of parasitic nematodes that infect humans , livestock , and plants . Both the importance of intestinal antigens from Haemonchus contortus in immunity and the damage to H . contortus intes... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"computational",
"biology/comparative",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"infectious",
"dis... | 2008 | Intestinal Transcriptomes of Nematodes: Comparison of the Parasites Ascaris suum and Haemonchus contortus with the Free-living Caenorhabditis elegans |
Complex chromosomal rearrangements ( CCRs ) are rearrangements involving more than two chromosomes or more than two breakpoints . Whole genome sequencing ( WGS ) allows for outstanding high resolution characterization on the nucleotide level in unique sequences of such rearrangements , but problems remain for mapping b... | Unexpected complexities are common findings in the breakpoints of karyotypically balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements ( CCRs ) . Such findings are of clinical importance , as they may be the cause of mendelian phenotypes in the rearrangement carrier . Whole genome sequencing ( WGS ) allows for high resolution ch... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"astronomical",
"sciences",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genomic",
"databases",
"supernovae",
"chromosome",
"mapping",
"genome",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"genome",
"complexity",
"ge... | 2019 | Comprehensive structural variation genome map of individuals carrying complex chromosomal rearrangements |
A wide variety of biochemical , physiological , and molecular processes are known to have daily rhythms driven by an endogenous circadian clock . While extensive research has greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that constitute the circadian clock , the links between this clock and dependent p... | The circadian clock is a molecular pacemaker that drives rhythmic expression of genes with a ∼24-hour period . As a result , many physiological processes have daily rhythms . Many of the conserved elements that constitute the circadian clock are known , but the links between the clock and dependent processes have remai... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiological",
"processes",
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"genomics",
"physiology",
"chronobiology",
"biology",
"anatomy",
"and",
"physiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Systematic Identification of Rhythmic Genes Reveals camk1gb as a New Element in the Circadian Clockwork |
The distribution of trachoma in Nigeria is spatially heterogeneous , with large-scale trends observed across the country and more local variation within areas . Relative contributions of individual and cluster-level risk factors to the geographic distribution of disease remain largely unknown . The primary aim of this ... | Trichiasis ( TT ) and corneal opacity ( CO ) are chronic stages of trachoma , which remains an important cause of blindness . This study used multilevel spatial models to investigate risk factors for TT/CO in Nigeria , including data for more than 13 , 500 adults aged 40 years and above collected in the 2007 National B... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Multilevel Analysis of Trachomatous Trichiasis and Corneal Opacity in Nigeria: The Role of Environmental and Climatic Risk Factors on the Distribution of Disease |
The World Health Organization ( WHO ) has targeted the elimination of Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) ‘as a public health problem’ by 2020 . The selected indicators of elimination should be monitored every two years , and we provide here a comprehensive update to 2014 . The monitoring system is underpinned by the... | Human African trypanosomiasis ( HAT ) , also known as sleeping sickness , is a neglected tropical disease transmitted by tsetse flies , which has been responsible for devastating epidemics in the 20th century . Since the last alarming spike in disease incidence during the late 1990s , disease surveillance and control h... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"african",
"trypanosomiasis",
"population",
"dynamics",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"population",
"biology",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"veterinary",
... | 2017 | Monitoring the elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Update to 2014 |
The host innate immune response mediated by type I interferon ( IFN ) and the resulting up-regulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes ( ISGs ) provide an immediate barrier to virus infection . Studies of the type I ‘interferome’ have mainly been carried out at a single species level , often lacking the power... | The type I interferon ( IFN ) response is triggered upon sensing of an incoming pathogen in an infected cell and results in the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes ( ISGs , collectively referred to as ‘the interferome’ ) . Studies on the interferome have been carried out mainly in human cells and therefore o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"genomic",
"library",
"screening",
"animals",
"mammals",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"rna",
"sequencing",
"fruit",
"bats",
"research",
"and",
"analysi... | 2017 | Fundamental properties of the mammalian innate immune system revealed by multispecies comparison of type I interferon responses |
Because firing properties and metabolic rates vary widely , neurons require different transport rates from their Na+/K+ pumps in order to maintain ion homeostasis . In this study we show that Na+/K+ pump activity is tightly regulated by a novel process , RNA editing . Three codons within the squid Na+/K+ ATPase gene ca... | In order for excitable cells like neurons and muscles to generate electrical signals , they require ion gradients across their plasma membranes . For example , sodium concentrations are much lower inside a cell than outside , and for potassium it is the opposite case . The job of maintaining these ion gradients falls s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"physiology/integrative",
"physiology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"neuroscience/neuronal",
"and",
"glial",
"cell",
"biology",
"physiology/neural",
"homeostasis"
] | 2010 | Regulation of Na+/K+ ATPase Transport Velocity by RNA Editing |
TERMINAL FLOWER 2/LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 ( TFL2/LHP1 ) is the only Arabidopsis protein with overall sequence similarity to the HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 ( HP1 ) family of metazoans and S . pombe . TFL2/LHP1 represses transcription of numerous genes , including the flowering-time genes FLOWERING LOCUS T ( FT ) a... | Stable repression of gene expression is an important aspect of the developmental programs of higher organisms . In plants and animals , DNA is organized within chromatin , which contains at its core a set of evolutionarily conserved proteins called histones . These proteins can be modified for example by methylation or... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"arabidopsis",
"(thale",
"cress)"
] | 2007 | Arabidopsis TFL2/LHP1 Specifically Associates with Genes Marked by Trimethylation of Histone H3 Lysine 27 |
Ribosome biogenesis is a major energy-consuming process in the cell that has to be rapidly down-regulated in response to stress or nutrient depletion . The target of rapamycin 1 ( Tor1 ) pathway regulates synthesis of ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) at the level of transcription initiation . It remains unclear whether ribosome ... | The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae must , as a single-celled microorganism , rapidly respond to changes in its environment and carefully balance its energy needs with the available resources . One of the major energy-consuming processes in the cell is the production of ribosomes . Ribosome biogenesis is highly dynamic ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"nucleic",
"acid",
"synthesis",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"rna",
"extraction",
"northern",
"blot",
"fungi",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"rna",
"synthesis",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"gel",
"electrophoresis",
"e... | 2017 | Tor1 and CK2 kinases control a switch between alternative ribosome biogenesis pathways in a growth-dependent manner |
Populations change in size over time due to factors such as population growth , migration , bottleneck events , natural disasters , and disease . The historical effective size of a population affects the power and resolution of genetic association studies . For admixed populations , it is not only the overall effective... | Using genome-wide genetic data on several hundred individuals sampled from a population , we can estimate the current effective size of the population and the changes in effective size that have occurred over the past hundred generations . Many populations in the Americas are admixed , having ancestry from Europe , Afr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"united",
"states",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"ethnicities",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"north",
"america",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"african",
"american",
"people",
"population"... | 2018 | Ancestry-specific recent effective population size in the Americas |
WOR1 is a gene for a conserved fungal regulatory protein controlling the dimorphic switch and pathogenicity determents in Candida albicans and its ortholog in the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum , called SGE1 , is required for pathogenicity and expression of key plant effector proteins . F . graminearum , an importan... | Plant pathogenic fungi can have devastating effects on crop yield and quality . In addition , these fungi may generate mycotoxins that pose health risks when the contaminated crops are consumed . The pathogen Fusarium graminearum infects wheat heads and grows through the rachis by synthesizing trichothecene toxins . Th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"plant",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"dna",
"transcription",
"gene",
"function",
"plant",
"science",
"fungal",
"reproduction",
"mycology",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"pathogenesis",
"genetics",
"spores",
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
... | 2012 | The Wor1-like Protein Fgp1 Regulates Pathogenicity, Toxin Synthesis and Reproduction in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum |
Epithelial morphogenesis generates the shape of tissues , organs and embryos and is fundamental for their proper function . It is a dynamic process that occurs at multiple spatial scales from macromolecular dynamics , to cell deformations , mitosis and apoptosis , to coordinated cell rearrangements that lead to global ... | Epithelia are the most common tissue type in multicellular organisms . Understanding processes that make them acquire their final shape has implications to pathologies such as cancer progression and birth defects such as spina bifida . During development , epithelial tissues are remodeled by mechanical forces applied a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Segmentation and Tracking of Adherens Junctions in 3D for the Analysis of Epithelial Tissue Morphogenesis |
The question whether fatty acids can be converted into glucose in humans has a long standing tradition in biochemistry , and the expected answer is “No” . Using recent advances in Systems Biology in the form of large-scale metabolic reconstructions , we reassessed this question by performing a global investigation of a... | That sugar can be converted into fatty acids in humans is a well-known fact . The question whether the reverse direction , i . e . , gluconeogenesis from fatty acids , is also feasible has been a topic of intense debate since the end of the 19th century . With the discovery of the glyoxylate shunt that allows this conv... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biochemistry",
"carbohydrate",
"metabolism",
"metabolic",
"pathways",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"metabolic",
"networks",
"metabolism"
] | 2011 | In Silico Evidence for Gluconeogenesis from Fatty Acids in Humans |
The paramyxovirus matrix ( M ) protein is a molecular scaffold required for viral morphogenesis and budding at the plasma membrane . Transient nuclear residence of some M proteins hints at non-structural roles . However , little is known regarding the mechanisms that regulate the nuclear sojourn . Previously , we found... | Elucidating virus-cell interactions is fundamental to understanding viral replication and identifying targets for therapeutic control of viral infection . Paramyxoviruses include human and animal pathogens of medical and agricultural significance . Their matrix ( M ) structural protein organizes virion assembly at the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Evidence for Ubiquitin-Regulated Nuclear and Subnuclear Trafficking among Paramyxovirinae Matrix Proteins |
Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that propagate in a cytosolic vacuole . Recent work has shown that growth of Chlamydia induces the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus ( GA ) into ministacks , which facilitates the acquisition of host lipids into the growing inclusion . GA fragmentation results from infe... | Chlamydiae are bacteria that replicate only inside host ( for instance human ) cells and that are frequent agents of human disease , in particular sexually transmitted disease . Chlamydia lives in a vacuole inside the cell , surrounded by a lipid membrane , and must acquire nutrients and other factors from the host cel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"cell",
"death",
"cellular",
"structures",
"subcellular",
"organelles",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"bacterial",
"biochemistry",
"microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"proteins",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
... | 2011 | Targeting of a Chlamydial Protease Impedes Intracellular Bacterial Growth |
Cooperative breeding is an extreme form of cooperation that evolved in a range of lineages , including arthropods , fish , birds , and mammals . Although cooperative breeding in birds is widespread and well-studied , the conditions that favored its evolution are still unclear . Based on phylogenetic comparative analyse... | Cooperative breeding is a common form of cooperation in which individuals help raise conspecific offspring that are not their own . It has evolved in a range of lineages , including arthropods , fish , birds , and mammals . In birds , cooperative breeding is widespread and well-studied; however , the conditions that fa... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"taxonomy",
"sociology",
"vertebrates",
"social",
"sciences",
"animals",
"animal",
"phylogenetics",
"social",
"systems",
"multivariate",
"analysis",
"seasons",
"phylogenetics",
"data",
"management",
"animal",
"behavior",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"phylog... | 2017 | Family living sets the stage for cooperative breeding and ecological resilience in birds |
Plant regulatory circuits coordinating nuclear and plastid gene expression have evolved in response to external stimuli . RNA editing is one of such control mechanisms . We determined the Arabidopsis nuclear-encoded homeodomain-containing protein OCP3 is incorporated into the chloroplast , and contributes to control ov... | Plastids originated from cyanobacteria that were incorporated into the eukaryotic cell through an endosymbiotic relationship . During the gradual evolution from endosymbiont to organelle , most genes of the cyanobacterial genome were transferred to the nuclear genome . Therefore , plastid biogenesis and function relies... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Mediated Plastid RNA Editing in Plant Immunity |
The large conductance , voltage- and calcium-dependent potassium ( BK ) channel serves as a major negative feedback regulator of calcium-mediated physiological processes and has been implicated in muscle dysfunction and neurological disorders . In addition to membrane depolarization , activation of the BK channel requi... | Calcium ions are essential for many physiological processes , including neurosecretion and neuronal and muscle excitation . Paradoxically , abnormal accumulation of calcium ions is associated with cell death and has been documented as an early event in muscle and neural degenerative diseases . One mechanism to avoid de... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"physiology/cell",
"signaling",
"physiology/muscle",
"and",
"connective",
"tissue",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"signaling"
] | 2010 | An Alpha-Catulin Homologue Controls Neuromuscular Function through Localization of the Dystrophin Complex and BK Channels in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Cellular functions are largely regulated by reversible post-translational modifications of proteins which act as switches . Amongst these , S-palmitoylation is unique in that it confers hydrophobicity . Due to technical difficulties , the understanding of this modification has lagged behind . To investigate principles ... | The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is the largest intracellular organelle of mammalian cells . It is responsible for many fundamental cellular functions , such as folding , quality control of membrane and secreted protein , lipid biosynthesis , control of apoptosis and calcium storage . Recent studies have shown that man... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"phosphorylation",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"hela",
"cells",
"endoplasmic",
"reticulum",
"cell",
"processes",
"biological",
"cultures",
"organic",
"compounds",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"immunoprecipitation",
"chaperone",
"proteins",
"cell",
"cultures",
"amino",
"a... | 2016 | Model-Driven Understanding of Palmitoylation Dynamics: Regulated Acylation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone Calnexin |
The complex correlation structure of a collection of orthologous DNA sequences is uniquely captured by the “ancestral recombination graph” ( ARG ) , a complete record of coalescence and recombination events in the history of the sample . However , existing methods for ARG inference are computationally intensive , highl... | The unusual and complex correlation structure of population samples of genetic sequences presents a fundamental statistical challenge that pervades nearly all areas of population genetics . Historical recombination events produce an intricate network of intertwined genealogies , which impedes demography inference , the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome",
"scans",
"neutral",
"theory",
"population",
"genetics",
"mutation",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"genome",
"analysis",
"biostatistics",
"ecological",
"metrics",
"genomics",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"evolutionar... | 2014 | Genome-Wide Inference of Ancestral Recombination Graphs |
Long-term antibiotic use generates pan-resistant super pathogens . Anti-infective compounds that selectively disrupt virulence pathways without affecting cell viability may be used to efficiently combat infections caused by these pathogens . A candidate target pathway is quorum sensing ( QS ) , which many bacterial pat... | Current treatments of human bacterial infections depend on antibiotics , whose long-term effectiveness is limited as they select for multidrug-resistant pathogens . An alternative approach that is likely to limit the development of bacterial super pathogens is to selectively disrupt bacterial virulence mechanisms witho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"in",
"vitro",
"microbiology",
"chemical",
"biology",
"animals",
"mus",
"(mouse)"
] | 2007 | Inhibitors of Pathogen Intercellular Signals as Selective Anti-Infective Compounds |
Leishmania ( L . ) infantum is the causative agent in an endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis in the Mont-Rolland district ( Thiès , Senegal ) . In this area , the transmission cycle is well established and more than 30% of dogs and 20% of humans are seropositive for L . infantum . However , the sand fly species invol... | Leishmaniases , neglected tropical vector-borne diseases , remain today a problem of public health . Classically , the sand flies involved in Leishmania transmission belong either to the Phlebotomus genus ( Old World ) or to the Lutzomyia genus ( New World ) . In the rural community of Mont-Rolland ( Senegal , West Afr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"sand",
"flies",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"dogs",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"diptera",
"protozoans",
"leishmania",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
... | 2016 | Transmission of Leishmania infantum in the Canine Leishmaniasis Focus of Mont-Rolland, Senegal: Ecological, Parasitological and Molecular Evidence for a Possible Role of Sergentomyia Sand Flies |
Rebound of HIV viremia after interruption of anti-retroviral therapy is due to the small population of CD4+ T cells that remain latently infected . HIV-1 transcription is the main process controlling post-integration latency . Regulation of HIV-1 transcription takes place at both initiation and elongation levels . Paus... | Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) . Drugs used for anti-viral therapy are very efficient in controlling the presence of viral particles in infected patients . However , if this therapy is interrupted , rebound of viremia occurs due to the small population ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/transcription",
"elongation",
"virology/persistence",
"and",
"latency",
"molecular",
"biology/chromatin",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Yeast Genetic Analysis Reveals the Involvement of Chromatin Reassembly Factors in Repressing HIV-1 Basal Transcription |
Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) is among the 10 neglected tropical diseases targeted for control or elimination by 2020 . For LF elimination , the World Health Organization ( WHO ) has proposed a comprehensive strategy including ( i ) interruption of LF transmission through large-scale annual treatment ( or mass drug admin... | Lymphatic filariasis ( LF ) affects more than 120 million people worldwide , and is considered the second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability . In response to the important burden of this disease , the World Health Organization ( WHO ) elaborated a strategic plan to eliminate LF as a public health probl... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"filariasis",
"pharmaceutics",
"global",
"health",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"onchocerciasis",
"infectious",
"diseas... | 2017 | First evidence of lymphatic filariasis transmission interruption in Cameroon: Progress towards elimination |
Leishmania ( Leishmania ) infantum is the zoonotic agent of visceral leishmaniasis ( VL ) , a disease with a global distribution . The transmission scenario of VL has been undergoing changes worldwide , with the biologic cycle invading urbanized areas and dispersing the parasites into other previously free areas . The ... | The dispersion of visceral leishmaniasis is an enigma . The State of Paraná , in southern Brazil , borders the states of São Paulo and Mato Grosso , which have experienced LV epidemics over the past 20 years . Therefore , we expected that the disease would enter this state through the contiguity of epidemics from other... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"kala-azar",
"paraguay",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"vertebrates",
"argentina",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"animals",
"mammals",
"dogs",
"protozoans",
"le... | 2019 | Dispersion of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in central-southern Brazil: Evidence from an integrative approach |
The heterochromatic environment and physical clustering of chromosome ends at the nuclear periphery provide a functional and structural framework for antigenic variation and evolution of subtelomeric virulence gene families in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum . While recent studies assigned important roles fo... | Plasmodium falciparum , like many other unicellular pathogens , uses antigenic variation of surface proteins as a prime mechanism for immune evasion . Subtelomeric gene families , including the major virulence family var , encode these antigens , and recent studies highlighted the important contribution of the specific... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"cell",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function",
"molecular",
"biology/chromosome",
"structure",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"bio... | 2010 | A Major Role for the Plasmodium falciparum ApiAP2 Protein PfSIP2 in Chromosome End Biology |
HIV superinfection ( reinfection ) has been reported in several settings , but no study has been designed and powered to rigorously compare its incidence to that of initial infection . Determining whether HIV infection reduces the risk of superinfection is critical to understanding whether an immune response to natural... | HIV-infected individuals with continued exposure are at risk of acquiring a second infection , a process known as superinfection . Superinfection has been reported in various at-risk populations , but how frequently it occurs remains unclear . Determining the frequency of superinfection compared with initial infection ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"medicine",
"virology",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2013 | HIV-1 Superinfection Occurs Less Frequently Than Initial Infection in a Cohort of High-Risk Kenyan Women |
Nuclear pore complexes ( NPCs ) are highly selective filters that control the exchange of material between nucleus and cytoplasm . The principles that govern selective filtering by NPCs are not fully understood . Previous studies find that cellular proteins capable of fast translocation through NPCs ( transport recepto... | All proteins that move between the cytoplasm and the nucleus must pass through nuclear pore complexes , large aqueous channels around 40nm in diameter . In some cases the nuclear envelope is perforated with several thousand nuclear pore complexes , while in other cases they are few and far between . Macromolecular tran... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Model",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"biophysics/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines",
"computational",
"biology/systems",
"biology",
"physics/condensed",
"matter"
] | 2010 | Charge as a Selection Criterion for Translocation through the Nuclear Pore Complex |
A total of 1 , 596 laboratory-confirmed imported dengue cases were identified in Taiwan during 2011–2016 . Most of the imported cases arrived from Southeast Asia as well as the Indian subcontinent , the Pacific region , Latin America , Australia and Africa . Phylogenetic analyses of the complete envelope protein gene s... | Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in the world . The expansion of dengue viruses to different parts of the world has been accelerated by the increase in worldwide travel and trade . In this study , we present the results of a laboratory-based dengue surveillance in Taiwan during 2011–2016 . A to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biogeography",
"dengue",
"virus",
"taxonomy",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"population",
"genetics",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"indone... | 2018 | Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of dengue viruses imported into Taiwan during 2011-2016 |
The size of a cell sets the scale for all biochemical processes within it , thereby affecting cellular fitness and survival . Hence , cell size needs to be kept within certain limits and relatively constant over multiple generations . However , how cells measure their size and use this information to regulate growth an... | Proliferating cells need to coordinate the initiation of genome replication and cell division with cell growth . In particular , the average time between two division events must precisely allow for a doubling in cell volume . Any systematic deviation from this balance would lead to progressive changes in cell size ove... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"binding",
"phosphorylation",
"cell",
"physiology",
"cell",
"cycle",
"inhibitors",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"population",
"genetics",
"ploidy",
"fungi",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"cell"... | 2018 | Dilution and titration of cell-cycle regulators may control cell size in budding yeast |
Certain salivary proteins of phlebotomine sand flies injected into the host skin during blood-feeding are highly antigenic and elicit strong antibody-mediated immune responses in repeatedly-exposed hosts . These antibodies can be measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assays ( ELISAs ) using salivary gland homogenate... | The sand fly Phlebotomus orientalis is the main vector of Leishmania donovani , the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa . During bloodfeeding , sand flies inject saliva into the host skin and repeated bites result in a specific antibody response in the bitten hosts . Antibody responses are directed... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"ruminants",
"vertebrates",
"sand",
"flies",
"dogs",
"mammals",
"animals",
"insect",
"vectors",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"digestive",
"system",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"met... | 2016 | Recombinant Salivary Proteins of Phlebotomus orientalis are Suitable Antigens to Measure Exposure of Domestic Animals to Sand Fly Bites |
Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus ( SARS-CoV ) that lacks the envelope ( E ) gene ( rSARS-CoV-ΔE ) is attenuated in vivo . To identify factors that contribute to rSARS-CoV-ΔE attenuation , gene expression in cells infected by SARS-CoV with or without E gene was compared . Twenty-five stress response genes were pr... | To identify potential mechanisms mediating the in vivo attenuation of SARS-CoV lacking the E gene ( rSARS-CoV-ΔE ) , the effect of the presence of the E gene on host gene expression was studied . In rSARS-CoV-ΔE-infected cells , the expression of at least 25 stress response genes was preferentially upregulated , compar... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"immunology",
"biology",
"genomics",
"microbiology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2011 | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Envelope Protein Regulates Cell Stress Response and Apoptosis |
Approximately 680 million people are at risk of infection with Opisthorchis viverrini ( OV ) and Clonorchis sinensis , with an estimated 10 million infected with OV in Southeast Asia alone . While opisthorchiasis is associated with hepatobiliary pathologies , such as advanced periductal fibrosis ( APF ) and cholangioca... | Approximately 680 million people risk infection with food-borne trematodes , including Opisthorchis viverrini ( OV ) . Animal models show that significant kidney pathology results from OV infection as detected by antibodies in urine ( microproteinuria ) . However , kidney pathology in humans infected with OV is often o... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"clinical",
"immunology",
"clinical",
"research",
"design",
"epidemiology",
"biology",
"public",
"health",
"nephrology"
] | 2013 | Microproteinuria during Opisthorchis viverrini Infection: A Biomarker for Advanced Renal and Hepatobiliary Pathologies from Chronic Opisthorchiasis |
Azoospermia is one of the major reproductive disorders which cause male infertility in humans; however , the etiology of this disease is largely unknown . In the present study , six missense mutations of WT1 gene were detected in 529 human patients with non-obstructive azoospermia ( NOA ) , indicating a strong associat... | Infertility is one of the most common health problems , affecting about 15% of the couples in the world . In about half of these couples , infertility is related to male reproductive defect . Azoospermia is one of the major causes of male infertility in humans . Previous studies have found that the mutation or deletion... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"genetics",
"biology",
"gene",
"function"
] | 2013 | The Wilms Tumor Gene, Wt1, Is Critical for Mouse Spermatogenesis via Regulation of Sertoli Cell Polarity and Is Associated with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia in Humans |
HIV infection and the associated chronic immune activation alter T cell homeostasis leading to CD4 T cell depletion and CD8 T cell expansion . The mechanisms behind these outcomes are not totally defined and only partially explained by the direct cytopathic effect of the virus . In this manuscript , we addressed the im... | While the acute CD4 depletion observed in the initial phase of HIV infection is likely due to direct cytopathic effects of the virus , the mechanism/s underlying the steady decline of the CD4 T cell pool during the chronic phase of infection are unclear and are felt to be associated with “immune activation . ” We hypot... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"cytokines",
"hiv",
"retrovirology",
"and",
"hiv",
"immunopathogenesis",
"immunology",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2014 | Chronic Exposure to Type-I IFN under Lymphopenic Conditions Alters CD4 T Cell Homeostasis |
Loss of mitochondrial function is a fundamental determinant of cell injury and death . In heart cells under metabolic stress , we have previously described how the abrupt collapse or oscillation of the mitochondrial energy state is synchronized across the mitochondrial network by local interactions dependent upon react... | Cardiac cell injury and death is a key component of cardiac diseases such as heart failure or myocardial infarction , thus it is important to understand the earliest steps leading up to irreversible cell damage . Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for generating the energy required to keep the cell running , y... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biochemistry/experimental",
"biophysical",
"methods",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses",
"cardiovascular",
"disorders/arrhythmias,",
"electrophysiology,",
"and",
"pacing",
"physiology/cardiovascular",
"physiology",
"and",
"circulation",
"biophysic... | 2010 | A Reaction-Diffusion Model of ROS-Induced ROS Release in a Mitochondrial Network |
Miltefosine was the first oral compound approved for visceral leishmaniasis chemotherapy , and its efficacy against Leishmania donovani has been well documented . Leishmania amazonensis is the second most prevalent species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis and the main etiological agent of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis... | Leishmania amazonensis is the etiological agent of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis . The disease is extremely difficult to treat and frequently relapses once the treatment is interrupted . Although not yet approved in Brazil , miltefosine is an attractive alternative for leishmaniasis treatment due to its oral administ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"veterinary",
"science",
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"zoonoses",
"protozoans",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leishmania",
"leishmaniasis",
"parasitology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"protozoology",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"microbiology",
... | 2014 | In Vitro and In Vivo Miltefosine Susceptibility of a Leishmania amazonensis Isolate from a Patient with Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis |
The microrchidia ( MORC ) family proteins are chromatin-remodelling factors and function in diverse biological processes such as DNA damage response and transposon silencing . Here , we report that mouse Morc2b encodes a functional germ cell-specific member of the MORC protein family . Morc2b arose specifically in the ... | In sexually reproducing organisms , meiosis , a process unique to germ cells , produces haploid gametes . Abnormalities in meiosis can lead to infertility , loss of pregnancy , or genetic diseases such as Down syndrome . The meiotic processes are tightly regulated by a large number of genes including many meiosis-speci... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"meiosis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"reproductive",
"system",
"spermatocytes",
"cell",
"cycle",
"and",
"cell",
"division",
"cell",
"processes",
"germ",
"cells",
"oocytes",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"chromatin",
"sperm",
"homologous",
"recombination",
"syna... | 2018 | MORC2B is essential for meiotic progression and fertility |
The MHC class I Dk molecule supplies vital host resistance during murine cytomegalovirus ( MCMV ) infection . Natural killer ( NK ) cells expressing the Ly49G2 inhibitory receptor , which specifically binds Dk , are required to control viral spread . The extent of Dk-dependent host resistance , however , differs signif... | Uncovering the genetic basis of resistance to viral infection and disease is critical to learning about how immune defenses might be adjusted , how to design better vaccines , and how to elicit effectual immune protection in human populations . Prior studies have shown that both MHC and non-MHC genes support host defen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"body",
"weight",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"spleen",
"immunology",
"clinical",
"medicine",
"physiological",
"parameters",
"mammalian",
"genomics",
"white",
"b... | 2016 | Genomic Modifiers of Natural Killer Cells, Immune Responsiveness and Lymphoid Tissue Remodeling Together Increase Host Resistance to Viral Infection |
A hallmark of visual rhabdomeric photoreceptors is the expression of a rhabdomeric opsin and uniquely associated phototransduction molecules , which are incorporated into a specialized expanded apical membrane , the rhabdomere . Given the extensive utilization of rhabdomeric photoreceptors in the eyes of protostomes , ... | Visual systems are populated by one of two fundamental types of photoreceptors , ciliary and rhabdomeric . Each photoreceptor type is defined by the opsin molecule expressed and the final morphological form adapted to house the phototransduction machinery . Here we address whether a common transcriptional mechanisms ex... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"cell",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"neuroscience",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods"
] | 2014 | Common Transcriptional Mechanisms for Visual Photoreceptor Cell Differentiation among Pancrustaceans |
Newly emerged wheat blast disease is a serious threat to global wheat production . Wheat blast is caused by a distinct , exceptionally diverse lineage of the fungus causing rice blast disease . Through sequencing a recent field isolate , we report a reference genome that includes seven core chromosomes and mini-chromos... | The emerging blast disease on wheat is proving even harder to control than the ancient , still-problematic rice blast disease . Potential wheat resistance identified using strains isolated soon after disease emergence are no longer effective in controlling recent aggressive field isolates from wheat in South America an... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"fungal",
"genetics",
"sequence",
"assembly",
"tools",
"fungi",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"genome",
"analysis",
"genetic",
"elements",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"plant",
"pathology",
"plants",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"sequence",
"analy... | 2019 | Effector gene reshuffling involves dispensable mini-chromosomes in the wheat blast fungus |
Infection by the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice ( MVM ) induces a vigorous DNA damage response in host cells which it utilizes for its efficient replication . Although p53 remains activated , p21 protein levels remain low throughout the course of infection . We show here that efficient MVM replication requi... | Many DNA viruses induce and then exploit host cellular DNA damage responses to generate a suitable environment for their continued replication . Parvoviruses , important disease agents in both humans and animals , rely on host DNA polymerases to replicate their genomes in cell-cycle arrested cells . We show that effici... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"host",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"virology",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"microbial",
"pathogens",
"biology",
"and",
"life... | 2014 | Efficient Parvovirus Replication Requires CRL4Cdt2-Targeted Depletion of p21 to Prevent Its Inhibitory Interaction with PCNA |
Segmented negative strand RNA viruses of the arena- , bunya- and orthomyxovirus families uniquely carry out viral mRNA transcription by the cap-snatching mechanism . This involves cleavage of host mRNAs close to their capped 5′ end by an endonuclease ( EN ) domain located in the N-terminal region of the viral polymeras... | Segmented negative strand viruses ( sNSV ) such as Influenza , Lassa or Hantaan viruses are responsible for a large number of severe human infectious diseases . Currently , there are vaccines and antiviral treatments available for influenza but none for the infections caused by other sNSV . All carry out transcription ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"sequencing",
"techniques",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"crystal",
"structure",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"manganese",
"nucleases",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"microbiology",
"dna-bin... | 2016 | Comparative Structural and Functional Analysis of Bunyavirus and Arenavirus Cap-Snatching Endonucleases |
Emerging influenza viruses are a serious threat to human health because of their pandemic potential . A promising target for the development of novel anti-influenza therapeutics is the PA protein , whose endonuclease activity is essential for viral replication . Translation of viral mRNAs by the host ribosome requires ... | Seasonal and pandemic influenza have enormous impacts on global public health . The rapid emergence of influenza virus strains that are resistant to current antiviral therapies highlights the urgent need to develop new therapeutic options . A promising target for drug discovery is the influenza virus PA protein , whose... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"biomacromolecule-ligand",
"interactions",
"small",
"molecules",
"enzymes",
"viral",
"enzymes",
"microbiology",
"protein",
"structure",
"proteins",
"biology",
"viral",
"replication",
"complex",
"viral",
"replication",
"biophysics",
"drug",
"discovery",
"bio... | 2012 | Structural and Biochemical Basis for Development of Influenza Virus Inhibitors Targeting the PA Endonuclease |
We previously utilized a Sleeping Beauty ( SB ) transposon mutagenesis screen to discover novel drivers of HCC . This approach identified recurrent mutations within the Dlk1-Dio3 imprinted domain , indicating that alteration of one or more elements within the domain provides a selective advantage to cells during the pr... | HCC is the third deadliest cancer worldwide , largely due to a lack of effective treatment options . Therapeutic approaches targeted at the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor formation and progression have shown great efficacy for treating other tumor types . Unfortunately , however , much remains to be learned abou... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine",
"cancer",
"genetics",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"genomic",
"imprinting",
"genetics",
"epigenetics",
"biology",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"gastrointestinal",
"tumors",
"hepatocellular",
"carcinoma"
] | 2013 | Identification of Rtl1, a Retrotransposon-Derived Imprinted Gene, as a Novel Driver of Hepatocarcinogenesis |
Cell shape and motility are primarily controlled by cellular mechanics . The attachment of the plasma membrane to the underlying actomyosin cortex has been proposed to be important for cellular processes involving membrane deformation . However , little is known about the actual function of membrane-to-cortex attachmen... | Cell migration , like any event involving shape changes , is a mechanical process controlled by complex biochemical pathways . Here , we examine cell migration in developing embryos with a combination of cell biological tools and atomic force microscopy , so as to investigate how cellular mechanical properties control ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"developmental",
"biology/morphogenesis",
"and",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2010 | Control of Directed Cell Migration In Vivo by Membrane-to-Cortex Attachment |
The apparent paucity of molecular factors of transcriptional control in the genomes of Plasmodium parasites raises many questions about the mechanisms of life cycle regulation in these malaria parasites . Epigenetic regulation has been suggested to play a major role in the stage specific gene expression during the Plas... | Plasmodium falciparum , a parasitic protozoan , causes the most lethal form of human malaria , killing more than 2 million people per year . It has a complex life cycle that involves distinct morphological stages accompanied by stage specific gene expression in both the mosquito and human hosts . The lack of a vaccine ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/epigenetics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/microbial",
"evolution",
"and",
"genomics",
"microbiology/parasitology"
] | 2010 | Histone Deacetylases Play a Major Role in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Plasmodium falciparum Life Cycle |
Over 100 million women use progesterone therapies worldwide . Despite having immunomodulatory and repair properties , their effects on the outcome of viral diseases outside of the reproductive tract have not been evaluated . Administration of exogenous progesterone ( at concentrations that mimic the luteal phase ) to p... | Worldwide , the use of hormonal contraceptives is on the rise as a primary intervention for improving women’s health outcomes through reduced maternal mortality and increased childhood survival . There are many hormone contraceptive formulations , all of which contain some form of progesterone . Although the effects of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"inflammatory",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"orthomyxoviruses",
"pulmonology",
"hormones",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"viruse... | 2016 | Progesterone-Based Therapy Protects Against Influenza by Promoting Lung Repair and Recovery in Females |
Investigation of the Vpu protein of HIV-1 recently uncovered a novel aspect of the mammalian innate response to enveloped viruses: retention of progeny virions on the surface of infected cells by the interferon-induced , transmembrane and GPI-anchored protein BST-2 ( CD317; tetherin ) . BST-2 inhibits diverse families ... | The cellular protein BST-2 prevents newly formed particles of HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses from escaping the infected cell by an unclear mechanism . Here , we show that BST-2 is appropriately positioned to directly retain newly formed HIV-1 virions on the cell surface and is incorporated into infectious virions . ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/host",
"antiviral",
"responses",
"biochemistry",
"microbiology",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity"
] | 2010 | Direct Restriction of Virus Release and Incorporation of the Interferon-Induced Protein BST-2 into HIV-1 Particles |
Aedes aegypti is the vector of a wide range of diseases ( e . g . yellow fever , dengue , Chikungunya and Zika ) which impact on over half the world’s population . Entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana have been found to be highly efficacious in killing mosquito larvae but only no... | Mosquitoes transmit a range of diseases which have a profound impact on human health . Aedes aegypti vectors dengue , one of the fastest emerging diseases and , more recently , the Zika virus , which has been linked to thousands of birth defects over the last two years in Brazil . Insect pathogenic fungi such as Metarh... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"animals",
"developmental",
"biology",
"fungi",
"insect",
"vectors",
"fungal",
"pathogens",
"metarhizium",
"mycolo... | 2016 | Metarhizium brunneum Blastospore Pathogenesis in Aedes aegypti Larvae: Attack on Several Fronts Accelerates Mortality |
In recent years , there have been many computational simulations of spontaneous neural dynamics . Here , we describe a simple model of spontaneous neural dynamics that controls an agent moving in a simple virtual environment . These dynamics generate interesting brain-environment feedback interactions that rapidly dest... | In recent years , there has been growing interest in using computational models based on the human structural connectome to better understand the brain . These simulations typically investigate spontaneous neural dynamics , in the absence of tasks , sensory input or motor output . Here , we take a different approach , ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"social",
"sciences",
"homeostatic",
"mechanisms",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"neuroscience",
"physiological",
"processes",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"homeostasis",
"vision",
"nervous",
"system"... | 2017 | From homeostasis to behavior: Balanced activity in an exploration of embodied dynamic environmental-neural interaction |
The protein-only hypothesis predicts that infectious mammalian prions are composed solely of PrPSc , a misfolded conformer of the normal prion protein , PrPC . However , protein-only PrPSc preparations lack significant levels of prion infectivity , leading to the alternative hypothesis that cofactor molecules are requi... | Prions are unusual infectious agents that cause invariably fatal brain diseases . Unlike conventional infectious agents such as bacteria or viruses , prions do not possess nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA , and therefore it is not clear how they are able to replicate and cause infection . A leading model is that prions... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"animal",
"diseases",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzymology",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"mammals",
"animal",
"models",
"animal",
"prion",
"diseases",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"protein",
"structure",
"zoology",
"enzyme",... | 2019 | Full restoration of specific infectivity and strain properties from pure mammalian prion protein |
The insect steroid hormone ecdysone triggers programmed cell death of obsolete larval tissues during metamorphosis and provides a model system for understanding steroid hormone control of cell death and cell survival . Previous genome-wide expression studies of Drosophila larval salivary glands resulted in the identifi... | Hormones regulate complex signaling pathways required for the differentiation , growth , survival , and death of cells in diverse organisms . The insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxy ecdysone ( ecdysone ) triggers cell death of obsolete larval tissues , such as the midgut and salivary glands , during metamorphosis and pro... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"developmental",
"biology/developmental",
"molecular",
"mechanisms",
"cell",
"biology/cellular",
"death",
"and",
"stress",
"responses"
] | 2009 | Steroid Hormone Control of Cell Death and Cell Survival: Molecular Insights Using RNAi |
Metabolism is central to cell physiology , and metabolic disturbances play a role in numerous disease states . Despite its importance , the ability to study metabolism at a global scale using genomic technologies is limited . In principle , complete genome sequences describe the range of metabolic reactions that are po... | The ability of cells to survive and grow depends on their ability to metabolize nutrients and create products vital for cell function . This is done through a complex network of reactions controlled by many genes . Changes in cellular metabolism play a role in a wide variety of diseases . However , despite the availabi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/metabolic",
"networks",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression"
] | 2009 | Interpreting Expression Data with Metabolic Flux Models: Predicting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycolic Acid Production |
Replication of viroids , small non-protein-coding plant pathogenic RNAs , entails reiterative transcription of their incoming single-stranded circular genomes , to which the ( + ) polarity is arbitrarily assigned , cleavage of the oligomeric strands of one or both polarities to unit-length , and ligation to circular RN... | Interactions of viroids with their host plants are unique because these subviral pathogenic RNAs lack protein-coding capacity . Therefore , hosts must provide all enzymes and auxiliary factors that viroids need for their infectious cycle . Replication of viroids entails reiterative transcription of their single-strande... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology",
"arabidopsis",
"viroids",
"plant",
"biology"
] | 2007 | Processing of Nuclear Viroids In Vivo: An Interplay between RNA Conformations |
Amebiasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica ( Eh ) , a potentially fatal disease occurring mainly in developing countries . How Eh interacts with innate host factors in the gut is poorly understood . Eh resides and feed in/on the outer colonic mucus layer and thus share an ecological niche with ... | Entamoeba histolytica ( Eh ) is a human protozoan parasite and the causative agent of amebiasis . Amebic colitis causes cellular destruction of the colonic mucosal layers allowing parasites to disseminate to the liver through blood causing amoebic liver abscess , or to other soft organs like the brain and lungs . Eh in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"microbiome",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"physiological",
"processes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"protozoans",
"mo... | 2018 | Defining cooperative roles for colonic microbiota and Muc2 mucin in mediating innate host defense against Entamoeba histolytica |
Crosstalk between neurons and glia may constitute a significant part of information processing in the brain . We present a novel method of statistically identifying interactions in a neuron–glia network . We attempted to identify neuron–glia interactions from neuronal and glial activities via maximum-a-posteriori ( MAP... | Many neuroscientists believe that neurons mainly perform information processing in the brain . Glial cells have traditionally been regarded as passive cells , whose roles have been limited to mechanical support and energy transfer to neurons . However , some studies have recently demonstrated the existence of interacti... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"systems",
"biology",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(mathematics)",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"physical",
"sciences",
"computational",
"biology",
"biostatistics"
] | 2014 | A Statistical Method of Identifying Interactions in Neuron–Glia Systems Based on Functional Multicell Ca2+ Imaging |
Ribosomopathies are a family of inherited disorders caused by mutations in genes necessary for ribosomal function . Shwachman-Diamond Bodian Syndrome ( SDS ) is an autosomal recessive disease caused , in most patients , by mutations of the SBDS gene . SBDS is a protein required for the maturation of 60S ribosomes . SDS... | Shwachman Diamond syndrome ( SDS ) is an inherited disease . SDS presents , as hallmarks , exocrine pancreatic insufficiency , increased rate of infections , and higher incidence of leukemia . Most cases are due to mutations in the SBDS gene . SBDS encodes for a ribosome maturation factor . In this study , we immortali... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"small",
"nucleolar",
"rnas",
"gene",
"regulation",
"messenger",
"rna",
"rna",
"extraction",
"polyribosomes",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"extraction",
"techniques",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"gene",
"expression",... | 2017 | SBDS-Deficient Cells Have an Altered Homeostatic Equilibrium due to Translational Inefficiency Which Explains their Reduced Fitness and Provides a Logical Framework for Intervention |
Hosts repeatedly bitten by sand flies develop antibodies against sand fly saliva and screening of these immunoglobulins can be employed to estimate the risk of Leishmania transmission , to indicate the feeding preferences of sand flies , or to evaluate the effectiveness of vector control campaigns . Previously , antibo... | Previously , two types of antigens were used for detection of antibodies to sand flies: 1 ) salivary gland homogenate ( SGH ) , which requires maintaining a sand fly colony and laborious work to obtain a sufficient amount of antigen or 2 ) recombinant proteins with the need to use cell expression and a complicated puri... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"animal",
"types",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"immune",
"physiology",
"ruminants",
"domestic",
"animals",
"immunology",
"vertebrates",
"sand",
"flies",
"animals",
"mammals",
"dogs",
"insect",
"vectors",
"immunologic",
"tech... | 2019 | Synthetic peptides as a novel approach for detecting antibodies against sand fly saliva |
DNA damage observed during plant immune responses is reported to be an intrinsic component of plant immunity . However , other immune responses may suppress DNA damage to maintain host genome integrity . Here , we show that immunity-related DNA damage can be abrogated by preventing cell death triggered by Nucleotide-bi... | DNA is constantly subjected to damaging agents that can cause mutations , disease and cell death . Not surprisingly , cells have evolved mechanisms to repair damaged DNA and preserve its integrity . Recent reports suggested that the innate immune system in plants might actively damage host DNA as a mechanism to boost r... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"cell",
"processes",
"immunology",
"immunoblotting",
"cell-mediated",
"immunity",
"immune",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"dna",
"damage",
"dna",
"replication",
"membrane",
"recepto... | 2018 | DNA damage as a consequence of NLR activation |
Visual scene category representations emerge very rapidly , yet the computational transformations that enable such invariant categorizations remain elusive . Deep convolutional neural networks ( CNNs ) perform visual categorization at near human-level accuracy using a feedforward architecture , providing neuroscientist... | We categorize visual scenes rapidly and effortlessly , but still have little insight into the neural processing stages that enable this feat . In a parallel development , deep convolutional neural networks ( CNNs ) have been developed that perform visual categorization with human-like accuracy . We hypothesized that th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Methods",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"neural",
"networks",
"scalp",
"computational",
"biology",
"brain",
"electrophysiology",
"social",
"sciences",
"electrophysiology",
"light",
"neuroscience",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"artificial",
"neural",
"networks",
"clinica... | 2018 | Shared spatiotemporal category representations in biological and artificial deep neural networks |
Urogenital schistosomiasis remains highly endemic in Africa . Current control is based on drug administration , targeted either to school-age children or to high-risk communities at-large . Urine dipsticks for detection of microhematuria offer an inexpensive means for estimating infection prevalence . However , their d... | Schistosomiasis is a chronic human disease caused by infection with multicellular trematode parasites of Schistosoma species . In particular , Schistosoma haematobium colonizes the veins in the pelvis , in and around the urinary tract , and causes inflammation that leads to ulceration and bleeding into the urine . One ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Meta-analysis of Urine Heme Dipstick Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium Infection, Including Low-Prevalence and Previously-Treated Populations |
Loss-of-function mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans gene sup-18 suppress the defects in muscle contraction conferred by a gain-of-function mutation in SUP-10 , a presumptive regulatory subunit of the SUP-9 two-pore domain K+ channel associated with muscle membranes . We cloned sup-18 and found that it encodes the ... | Iodotyrosine deiodinase ( IYD ) controls the recycling of iodide in the biogenesis of thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism . Defects in IYD result in congenital hypothyroidism , a multisystem disorder that can lead to growth failure and severe mental retardation . We identified the gene sup-18 of the nematode Caen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms"
] | 2014 | The Caenorhabditis elegans Iodotyrosine Deiodinase Ortholog SUP-18 Functions through a Conserved Channel SC-Box to Regulate the Muscle Two-Pore Domain Potassium Channel SUP-9 |
LKB1 plays important roles in governing energy homeostasis by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) and other AMPK-related kinases , including the salt-inducible kinases ( SIKs ) . However , the roles and regulation of LKB1 in lipid metabolism are poorly understood . Here we show that Drosophila LKB1 mutants... | Liver kinase B1 ( LKB1 ) , a serine/threonine kinase , controls 14 different AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK ) family kinases , including salt-inducible kinase 3 ( SIK3 ) , suggesting that it plays a variety of roles . Using the fruit fly as an in vivo model system , we reveal that LKB1 kinase activity is critical ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Feeding and Fasting Signals Converge on the LKB1-SIK3 Pathway to Regulate Lipid Metabolism in Drosophila |
Candida glabrata is one of the most common causes of candidemia , a life-threatening , systemic fungal infection , and is surpassed in frequency only by Candida albicans . Major factors contributing to the success of this opportunistic pathogen include its ability to readily acquire resistance to antifungals and to col... | Evolution is not limited to making new species emerge and others perish over the millennia . It is also a central force in shorter-term interactions between microbes and hosts . A good example can be found in fungi , which are an underestimated cause of human diseases . Some fungi exist as commensals , and have adapted... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"fungal",
"genetics",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"fungal",
"evolution",
"microbial",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"a... | 2014 | One Small Step for a Yeast - Microevolution within Macrophages Renders Candida glabrata Hypervirulent Due to a Single Point Mutation |
The rod-shaped fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , which undergoes cycles of monopolar-to-bipolar tip growth , is an attractive organism for studying cell-cycle regulation of polarity establishment . While previous research has described factors mediating this process from interphase cell tips , we found that div... | Many processes , including cell growth , are often regulated differently in distinct cellular regions . In the rod-shaped fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe , new cell ends created by cell division initiate growth long after old cell ends inherited from mother cells . Though distributions of cell tip factors contr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2012 | Cytokinesis-Based Constraints on Polarized Cell Growth in Fission Yeast |
TRIMCyps are anti-retroviral proteins that have arisen independently in New World and Old World primates . All TRIMCyps comprise a CypA domain fused to the tripartite domains of TRIM5α but they have distinct lentiviral specificities , conferring HIV-1 restriction in New World owl monkeys and HIV-2 restriction in Old Wo... | Retroviruses have constantly been infecting mammals throughout their evolution , causing them to evolve defensive mechanisms to protect themselves . One of these mechanisms utilises intracellular antiviral molecules referred to as restriction factors . Restriction factor sequences have changed through primate evolution... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology/animal",
"genetics",
"virology/virulence",
"factors",
"and",
"mechanisms",
"virology/virion",
"structure,",
"assembly,",
"and",
"egress",
"virology/immunodeficiency",
"viruses",
"virology/animal",
"models",
"of",
"infection",
"immunology/innate",
"immun... | 2010 | Conformational Adaptation of Asian Macaque TRIMCyp Directs Lineage Specific Antiviral Activity |
SNAPc is one of a few basal transcription factors used by both RNA polymerase ( pol ) II and pol III . To define the set of active SNAPc-dependent promoters in human cells , we have localized genome-wide four SNAPc subunits , GTF2B ( TFIIB ) , BRF2 , pol II , and pol III . Among some seventy loci occupied by SNAPc and ... | SNAPc-dependent promoters are unique among cellular promoters in being very similar to each other , even though some of them recruit RNA polymerase II and others RNA polymerase III . We have examined all SNAPc-bound promoters present in the human genome . We find a surprisingly small number of them , some 70 promoters ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"gene",
"regulation",
"dna",
"transcription",
"genome",
"analysis",
"tools",
"genome",
"databases",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"rna",
"nucleic",
"acids",
"gene",
"identificat... | 2012 | Genomic Study of RNA Polymerase II and III SNAPc-Bound Promoters Reveals a Gene Transcribed by Both Enzymes and a Broad Use of Common Activators |
Ionotropic glutamate receptors ( iGluRs ) are a highly conserved family of ligand-gated ion channels present in animals , plants , and bacteria , which are best characterized for their roles in synaptic communication in vertebrate nervous systems . A variant subfamily of iGluRs , the Ionotropic Receptors ( IRs ) , was ... | Ionotropic glutamate receptors ( iGluRs ) are a family of cell surface proteins best known for their role in allowing neurons to communicate with each other in the brain . We recently discovered a variant class of iGluRs in the fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster ) , named Ionotropic Receptors ( IRs ) , which function ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/comparative",
"genomics",
"neuroscience/sensory",
"systems"
] | 2010 | Ancient Protostome Origin of Chemosensory Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and the Evolution of Insect Taste and Olfaction |
The male-specific region of the human Y chromosome ( MSY ) includes eight large inverted repeats ( palindromes ) in which arm-to-arm similarity exceeds 99 . 9% , due to gene conversion activity . Here , we studied one of these palindromes , P6 , in order to illuminate the dynamics of the gene conversion process . We ge... | The sex-determining role of the human Y chromosome makes it male-specific , and always present in only a single copy . This solo lifestyle has endowed it with some bizarre features , among which are eight large DNA units constituting about a quarter of the chromosome's length , and containing many genes important for s... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"mutation",
"genetic",
"mutation",
"genome",
"evolution",
"heredity",
"genetics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"genotypes"
] | 2013 | Recombination Dynamics of a Human Y-Chromosomal Palindrome: Rapid GC-Biased Gene Conversion, Multi-kilobase Conversion Tracts, and Rare Inversions |
A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine . We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort , CAP248 , who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heter... | Our understanding of which regions of the HIV-1 envelope are targets for broadly neutralizing antibodies ( likely required for an HIV-1 vaccine ) has expanded greatly in recent years , offering insights for vaccine design . For instance , much of solvent-exposed gp41 is now known to be targeted by antibodies at the gp1... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"microbial",
"mutation",
"immune",
"physiology",
"crystal",
"structure",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzyme-linked",
"immunoassays",
"body",
"fluids",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
... | 2017 | Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape |
Gene regulatory information guides development and shapes the course of evolution . To test conservation of gene regulation within the phylum Nematoda , we compared the functions of putative cis-regulatory sequences of four sets of orthologs ( unc-47 , unc-25 , mec-3 and elt-2 ) from distantly-related nematode species ... | To explore the phylogenetic limits of conservation of cis-regulatory elements , we used transgenesis to test the functions of enhancers of four genes from several species spanning the phylum Nematoda . While we found a striking degree of functional conservation among the examined cis elements , their DNA sequences lack... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Phylum-Level Conservation of Regulatory Information in Nematodes despite Extensive Non-coding Sequence Divergence |
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that affects more than one million people worldwide each year . Human infection is acquired through direct or indirect contact with the urine of an infected animal . A wide range of animals including rodents and livestock may shed Leptospira bacteria and act as a source of ... | Leptospirosis is a globally important disease that is transmitted from animals to people and affects more than 1 million people worldwide each year . Leptospirosis is an important cause of febrile illness in northern Tanzania but little is known about the animal hosts of Leptospira infection for people in this area . T... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"livestock",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leptospira",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"ruminants",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"mammals",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"... | 2018 | Assessment of animal hosts of pathogenic Leptospira in northern Tanzania |
Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the liver flukes of the Opisthorchiidae family . Both experimental and epidemiological data strongly support a role of these parasites in the etiology of the hepatobiliary pathologies and an increased risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma . Understanding a functional... | Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the liver flukes of the Opisthorchiidae family ( Trematoda; Platyhelminthes ) . The liver fluke infections trigger development of the hepatobiliary pathologies such as chronic forms of cholecystitis , cholangitis , pancreatitis , and cholelithiasis . However , the most... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Material",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"animal",
"models",
"of",
"disease",
"bile",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"mammals",
"urine",
"metabolomics",
"foodborne",
"trematodiases",
"metaboli... | 2017 | Exploratory metabolomics study of the experimental opisthorchiasis in a laboratory animal model (golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus) |
ClC-1 protein channels facilitate rapid passage of chloride ions across cellular membranes , thereby orchestrating skeletal muscle excitability . Malfunction of ClC-1 is associated with myotonia congenita , a disease impairing muscle relaxation . Here , we present the cryo-electron microscopy ( cryo-EM ) structure of h... | Chloride transporting CLC proteins are expressed in a wide range of organisms , and the family encompasses several members with numerous roles in human health and disease by allowing movement of chloride ions across the membranes that encapsulate cells and cellular organelles . Structurally , CLCs form dimers possessin... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2019 | Structure of the human ClC-1 chloride channel |
Sex chromosome dosage compensation in Drosophila provides a model for understanding how chromatin organization can modulate coordinate gene regulation . Male Drosophila increase the transcript levels of genes on the single male X approximately two-fold to equal the gene expression in females , which have two X-chromoso... | Gene regulation is essential to all living things . For example , levels of gene expression in individual cells must be fine-tuned during development and in response to changing environmental conditions . Genes are regulated by DNA binding proteins and by factors that influence DNA packaging into chromatin . The MSL co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2012 | Identification of Chromatin-Associated Regulators of MSL Complex Targeting in Drosophila Dosage Compensation |
Covalent intermolecular cross-linking of collagen is essential for tissue stability . Recent studies have demonstrated that cyclophilin B ( CypB ) , an endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) -resident peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase , modulates lysine ( Lys ) hydroxylation of type I collagen impacting cross-linking chemistry... | Deficiency of cyclophilin B ( CypB ) , an endoplasmic reticulum-resident peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase , causes recessive osteogenesis imperfecta type IX , resulting in defective connective tissues . Recent studies using CypB null mice revealed that CypB modulates lysine hydroxylation of type I collagen impacting... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"chemical",
"bonding",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"enzymes",
"enzymology",
"collagens",
"histochemistry",
"and",
"cytochemistry",
"techniques",
"glycosylation",
"hydroxylation",
"immunologic",
"techniques",
"pepsins",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
... | 2019 | Cyclophilin B control of lysine post-translational modifications of skin type I collagen |
The formation of vesicles is essential for many biological processes , in particular for the trafficking of membrane proteins within cells . The Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport ( ESCRT ) directs membrane budding away from the cytosol . Unlike other vesicle formation pathways , the ESCRT-mediated buddin... | Lipid membranes enclose the cytosol of biological cells and compartmentalize their interior . Vesicles are used to transport membrane proteins between cellular compartments . The ESCRT protein machinery induces the creation of such vesicles away from the cytosol . The resulting vesicles are uncoated by protein . Upon v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"cell",
"biology",
"biophysics",
"theory",
"membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"biology",
"biophysics"
] | 2012 | Membrane-Elasticity Model of Coatless Vesicle Budding Induced by ESCRT Complexes |
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns ( PAMPs ) trigger host immune response by activating pattern recognition receptors like toll-like receptors ( TLRs ) . However , the mechanism whereby several pathogens , including viruses , activate TLRs via a non-PAMP mechanism is unclear . Endogenous “inflammatory mediators” ca... | The lung disease severity following influenza A virus ( IAV ) infection is dependent on the extent of inflammation in the respiratory tract . Severe inflammation in the lung manifests in development of pneumonia . Therefore , it is very critical to identify cellular factors and dissect the molecular/cellular mechanism ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2014 | DAMP Molecule S100A9 Acts as a Molecular Pattern to Enhance Inflammation during Influenza A Virus Infection: Role of DDX21-TRIF-TLR4-MyD88 Pathway |
Airway infection by the Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae ( Sp ) leads to recruitment of neutrophils but limited bacterial killing by these cells . Co-colonization by Sp and a Gram-negative species , Haemophilus influenzae ( Hi ) , provides sufficient stimulus to induce neutrophil and complement-mediated ... | Pathogens are generally studied in the laboratory one species at a time . Most exist , however , in complex environments where they must adapt not only to their host but also to other members of the microbial flora . Using a mouse model of co-colonization , we have shown that one bacterial species ( Haemophilus influen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"eubacteria"
] | 2007 | Nod1 Signaling Overcomes Resistance of S. pneumoniae to Opsonophagocytic Killing |
The yeast Dekkera bruxellensis is a major contaminant of industrial fermentations , such as those used for the production of biofuel and wine , where it outlasts and , under some conditions , outcompetes the major industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . In order to investigate the level of inter-strain variation th... | The yeast D . bruxellensis is of great importance in biofuel and fermented beverage industries , largely as a contaminant and/or spoilage organism . Its lifestyle is not unlike that of the wine/brewing/baking yeast S . cerevisiae , with independent evolutionary pathways having led to this convergence; these species are... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"applied",
"microbiology",
"genome",
"sequencing",
"genome",
"complexity",
"mycology",
"industrial",
"microbiology",
"genome",
"evolution",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution",
"microbiology",
"yeast"
] | 2014 | Insights into the Dekkera bruxellensis Genomic Landscape: Comparative Genomics Reveals Variations in Ploidy and Nutrient Utilisation Potential amongst Wine Isolates |
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