Search is not available for this dataset
text
stringlengths
75
104k
def foreachRDD(self, func): """ Apply a function to each RDD in this DStream. """ if func.__code__.co_argcount == 1: old_func = func func = lambda t, rdd: old_func(rdd) jfunc = TransformFunction(self._sc, func, self._jrdd_deserializer) api = self._...
def pprint(self, num=10): """ Print the first num elements of each RDD generated in this DStream. @param num: the number of elements from the first will be printed. """ def takeAndPrint(time, rdd): taken = rdd.take(num + 1) print("------------------------...
def persist(self, storageLevel): """ Persist the RDDs of this DStream with the given storage level """ self.is_cached = True javaStorageLevel = self._sc._getJavaStorageLevel(storageLevel) self._jdstream.persist(javaStorageLevel) return self
def checkpoint(self, interval): """ Enable periodic checkpointing of RDDs of this DStream @param interval: time in seconds, after each period of that, generated RDD will be checkpointed """ self.is_checkpointed = True self._jdstream.checkpoint(se...
def groupByKey(self, numPartitions=None): """ Return a new DStream by applying groupByKey on each RDD. """ if numPartitions is None: numPartitions = self._sc.defaultParallelism return self.transform(lambda rdd: rdd.groupByKey(numPartitions))
def countByValue(self): """ Return a new DStream in which each RDD contains the counts of each distinct value in each RDD of this DStream. """ return self.map(lambda x: (x, 1)).reduceByKey(lambda x, y: x+y)
def saveAsTextFiles(self, prefix, suffix=None): """ Save each RDD in this DStream as at text file, using string representation of elements. """ def saveAsTextFile(t, rdd): path = rddToFileName(prefix, suffix, t) try: rdd.saveAsTextFile(path...
def transform(self, func): """ Return a new DStream in which each RDD is generated by applying a function on each RDD of this DStream. `func` can have one argument of `rdd`, or have two arguments of (`time`, `rdd`) """ if func.__code__.co_argcount == 1: ...
def transformWith(self, func, other, keepSerializer=False): """ Return a new DStream in which each RDD is generated by applying a function on each RDD of this DStream and 'other' DStream. `func` can have two arguments of (`rdd_a`, `rdd_b`) or have three arguments of (`time`, `rd...
def union(self, other): """ Return a new DStream by unifying data of another DStream with this DStream. @param other: Another DStream having the same interval (i.e., slideDuration) as this DStream. """ if self._slideDuration != other._slideDuration: ...
def cogroup(self, other, numPartitions=None): """ Return a new DStream by applying 'cogroup' between RDDs of this DStream and `other` DStream. Hash partitioning is used to generate the RDDs with `numPartitions` partitions. """ if numPartitions is None: numPar...
def _jtime(self, timestamp): """ Convert datetime or unix_timestamp into Time """ if isinstance(timestamp, datetime): timestamp = time.mktime(timestamp.timetuple()) return self._sc._jvm.Time(long(timestamp * 1000))
def slice(self, begin, end): """ Return all the RDDs between 'begin' to 'end' (both included) `begin`, `end` could be datetime.datetime() or unix_timestamp """ jrdds = self._jdstream.slice(self._jtime(begin), self._jtime(end)) return [RDD(jrdd, self._sc, self._jrdd_deser...
def window(self, windowDuration, slideDuration=None): """ Return a new DStream in which each RDD contains all the elements in seen in a sliding window of time over this DStream. @param windowDuration: width of the window; must be a multiple of this DStream's ...
def reduceByWindow(self, reduceFunc, invReduceFunc, windowDuration, slideDuration): """ Return a new DStream in which each RDD has a single element generated by reducing all elements in a sliding window over this DStream. if `invReduceFunc` is not None, the reduction is done incremental...
def countByWindow(self, windowDuration, slideDuration): """ Return a new DStream in which each RDD has a single element generated by counting the number of elements in a window over this DStream. windowDuration and slideDuration are as defined in the window() operation. This is ...
def countByValueAndWindow(self, windowDuration, slideDuration, numPartitions=None): """ Return a new DStream in which each RDD contains the count of distinct elements in RDDs in a sliding window over this DStream. @param windowDuration: width of the window; must be a multiple of this DS...
def groupByKeyAndWindow(self, windowDuration, slideDuration, numPartitions=None): """ Return a new DStream by applying `groupByKey` over a sliding window. Similar to `DStream.groupByKey()`, but applies it over a sliding window. @param windowDuration: width of the window; must be a multi...
def reduceByKeyAndWindow(self, func, invFunc, windowDuration, slideDuration=None, numPartitions=None, filterFunc=None): """ Return a new DStream by applying incremental `reduceByKey` over a sliding window. The reduced value of over a new window is calculated using t...
def updateStateByKey(self, updateFunc, numPartitions=None, initialRDD=None): """ Return a new "state" DStream where the state for each key is updated by applying the given function on the previous state of the key and the new values of the key. @param updateFunc: State update function. ...
def setParams(self, minSupport=0.3, minConfidence=0.8, itemsCol="items", predictionCol="prediction", numPartitions=None): """ setParams(self, minSupport=0.3, minConfidence=0.8, itemsCol="items", \ predictionCol="prediction", numPartitions=None) """ kwa...
def setParams(self, minSupport=0.1, maxPatternLength=10, maxLocalProjDBSize=32000000, sequenceCol="sequence"): """ setParams(self, minSupport=0.1, maxPatternLength=10, maxLocalProjDBSize=32000000, \ sequenceCol="sequence") """ kwargs = self._input_kwar...
def findFrequentSequentialPatterns(self, dataset): """ .. note:: Experimental Finds the complete set of frequent sequential patterns in the input sequences of itemsets. :param dataset: A dataframe containing a sequence column which is `ArrayType(ArrayType(T))` t...
def first_spark_call(): """ Return a CallSite representing the first Spark call in the current call stack. """ tb = traceback.extract_stack() if len(tb) == 0: return None file, line, module, what = tb[len(tb) - 1] sparkpath = os.path.dirname(file) first_spark_frame = len(tb) - 1 ...
def parsePoint(line): """ Parse a line of text into an MLlib LabeledPoint object. """ values = [float(s) for s in line.split(' ')] if values[0] == -1: # Convert -1 labels to 0 for MLlib values[0] = 0 return LabeledPoint(values[0], values[1:])
def fMeasure(self, label, beta=None): """ Returns f-measure. """ if beta is None: return self.call("fMeasure", label) else: return self.call("fMeasure", label, beta)
def precision(self, label=None): """ Returns precision or precision for a given label (category) if specified. """ if label is None: return self.call("precision") else: return self.call("precision", float(label))
def recall(self, label=None): """ Returns recall or recall for a given label (category) if specified. """ if label is None: return self.call("recall") else: return self.call("recall", float(label))
def f1Measure(self, label=None): """ Returns f1Measure or f1Measure for a given label (category) if specified. """ if label is None: return self.call("f1Measure") else: return self.call("f1Measure", float(label))
def _to_corrected_pandas_type(dt): """ When converting Spark SQL records to Pandas DataFrame, the inferred data type may be wrong. This method gets the corrected data type for Pandas if that type may be inferred uncorrectly. """ import numpy as np if type(dt) == ByteType: return np.int8 ...
def rdd(self): """Returns the content as an :class:`pyspark.RDD` of :class:`Row`. """ if self._lazy_rdd is None: jrdd = self._jdf.javaToPython() self._lazy_rdd = RDD(jrdd, self.sql_ctx._sc, BatchedSerializer(PickleSerializer())) return self._lazy_rdd
def toJSON(self, use_unicode=True): """Converts a :class:`DataFrame` into a :class:`RDD` of string. Each row is turned into a JSON document as one element in the returned RDD. >>> df.toJSON().first() u'{"age":2,"name":"Alice"}' """ rdd = self._jdf.toJSON() retur...
def schema(self): """Returns the schema of this :class:`DataFrame` as a :class:`pyspark.sql.types.StructType`. >>> df.schema StructType(List(StructField(age,IntegerType,true),StructField(name,StringType,true))) """ if self._schema is None: try: self._...
def explain(self, extended=False): """Prints the (logical and physical) plans to the console for debugging purpose. :param extended: boolean, default ``False``. If ``False``, prints only the physical plan. >>> df.explain() == Physical Plan == *(1) Scan ExistingRDD[age#0,name#1]...
def exceptAll(self, other): """Return a new :class:`DataFrame` containing rows in this :class:`DataFrame` but not in another :class:`DataFrame` while preserving duplicates. This is equivalent to `EXCEPT ALL` in SQL. >>> df1 = spark.createDataFrame( ... [("a", 1), ("a", ...
def show(self, n=20, truncate=True, vertical=False): """Prints the first ``n`` rows to the console. :param n: Number of rows to show. :param truncate: If set to True, truncate strings longer than 20 chars by default. If set to a number greater than one, truncates long strings to len...
def _repr_html_(self): """Returns a dataframe with html code when you enabled eager evaluation by 'spark.sql.repl.eagerEval.enabled', this only called by REPL you are using support eager evaluation with HTML. """ import cgi if not self._support_repr_html: self...
def checkpoint(self, eager=True): """Returns a checkpointed version of this Dataset. Checkpointing can be used to truncate the logical plan of this DataFrame, which is especially useful in iterative algorithms where the plan may grow exponentially. It will be saved to files inside the checkpoint...
def localCheckpoint(self, eager=True): """Returns a locally checkpointed version of this Dataset. Checkpointing can be used to truncate the logical plan of this DataFrame, which is especially useful in iterative algorithms where the plan may grow exponentially. Local checkpoints are stored in th...
def withWatermark(self, eventTime, delayThreshold): """Defines an event time watermark for this :class:`DataFrame`. A watermark tracks a point in time before which we assume no more late data is going to arrive. Spark will use this watermark for several purposes: - To know when a give...
def hint(self, name, *parameters): """Specifies some hint on the current DataFrame. :param name: A name of the hint. :param parameters: Optional parameters. :return: :class:`DataFrame` >>> df.join(df2.hint("broadcast"), "name").show() +----+---+------+ |name|age...
def collect(self): """Returns all the records as a list of :class:`Row`. >>> df.collect() [Row(age=2, name=u'Alice'), Row(age=5, name=u'Bob')] """ with SCCallSiteSync(self._sc) as css: sock_info = self._jdf.collectToPython() return list(_load_from_socket(sock...
def toLocalIterator(self): """ Returns an iterator that contains all of the rows in this :class:`DataFrame`. The iterator will consume as much memory as the largest partition in this DataFrame. >>> list(df.toLocalIterator()) [Row(age=2, name=u'Alice'), Row(age=5, name=u'Bob')] ...
def limit(self, num): """Limits the result count to the number specified. >>> df.limit(1).collect() [Row(age=2, name=u'Alice')] >>> df.limit(0).collect() [] """ jdf = self._jdf.limit(num) return DataFrame(jdf, self.sql_ctx)
def persist(self, storageLevel=StorageLevel.MEMORY_AND_DISK): """Sets the storage level to persist the contents of the :class:`DataFrame` across operations after the first time it is computed. This can only be used to assign a new storage level if the :class:`DataFrame` does not have a storage l...
def storageLevel(self): """Get the :class:`DataFrame`'s current storage level. >>> df.storageLevel StorageLevel(False, False, False, False, 1) >>> df.cache().storageLevel StorageLevel(True, True, False, True, 1) >>> df2.persist(StorageLevel.DISK_ONLY_2).storageLevel ...
def unpersist(self, blocking=False): """Marks the :class:`DataFrame` as non-persistent, and remove all blocks for it from memory and disk. .. note:: `blocking` default has changed to False to match Scala in 2.0. """ self.is_cached = False self._jdf.unpersist(blocking) ...
def coalesce(self, numPartitions): """ Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` that has exactly `numPartitions` partitions. :param numPartitions: int, to specify the target number of partitions Similar to coalesce defined on an :class:`RDD`, this operation results in a narrow dependen...
def repartition(self, numPartitions, *cols): """ Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` partitioned by the given partitioning expressions. The resulting DataFrame is hash partitioned. :param numPartitions: can be an int to specify the target number of partitions or a Column. ...
def sample(self, withReplacement=None, fraction=None, seed=None): """Returns a sampled subset of this :class:`DataFrame`. :param withReplacement: Sample with replacement or not (default False). :param fraction: Fraction of rows to generate, range [0.0, 1.0]. :param seed: Seed for sampli...
def sampleBy(self, col, fractions, seed=None): """ Returns a stratified sample without replacement based on the fraction given on each stratum. :param col: column that defines strata :param fractions: sampling fraction for each stratum. If a stratum is not ...
def randomSplit(self, weights, seed=None): """Randomly splits this :class:`DataFrame` with the provided weights. :param weights: list of doubles as weights with which to split the DataFrame. Weights will be normalized if they don't sum up to 1.0. :param seed: The seed for sampling. ...
def dtypes(self): """Returns all column names and their data types as a list. >>> df.dtypes [('age', 'int'), ('name', 'string')] """ return [(str(f.name), f.dataType.simpleString()) for f in self.schema.fields]
def colRegex(self, colName): """ Selects column based on the column name specified as a regex and returns it as :class:`Column`. :param colName: string, column name specified as a regex. >>> df = spark.createDataFrame([("a", 1), ("b", 2), ("c", 3)], ["Col1", "Col2"]) >...
def alias(self, alias): """Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` with an alias set. :param alias: string, an alias name to be set for the DataFrame. >>> from pyspark.sql.functions import * >>> df_as1 = df.alias("df_as1") >>> df_as2 = df.alias("df_as2") >>> joined_df = df_as1...
def crossJoin(self, other): """Returns the cartesian product with another :class:`DataFrame`. :param other: Right side of the cartesian product. >>> df.select("age", "name").collect() [Row(age=2, name=u'Alice'), Row(age=5, name=u'Bob')] >>> df2.select("name", "height").collect(...
def join(self, other, on=None, how=None): """Joins with another :class:`DataFrame`, using the given join expression. :param other: Right side of the join :param on: a string for the join column name, a list of column names, a join expression (Column), or a list of Columns. ...
def sortWithinPartitions(self, *cols, **kwargs): """Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` with each partition sorted by the specified column(s). :param cols: list of :class:`Column` or column names to sort by. :param ascending: boolean or list of boolean (default True). Sort ascending vs...
def _jseq(self, cols, converter=None): """Return a JVM Seq of Columns from a list of Column or names""" return _to_seq(self.sql_ctx._sc, cols, converter)
def _jcols(self, *cols): """Return a JVM Seq of Columns from a list of Column or column names If `cols` has only one list in it, cols[0] will be used as the list. """ if len(cols) == 1 and isinstance(cols[0], list): cols = cols[0] return self._jseq(cols, _to_java_col...
def _sort_cols(self, cols, kwargs): """ Return a JVM Seq of Columns that describes the sort order """ if not cols: raise ValueError("should sort by at least one column") if len(cols) == 1 and isinstance(cols[0], list): cols = cols[0] jcols = [_to_java_colu...
def describe(self, *cols): """Computes basic statistics for numeric and string columns. This include count, mean, stddev, min, and max. If no columns are given, this function computes statistics for all numerical or string columns. .. note:: This function is meant for exploratory data ...
def summary(self, *statistics): """Computes specified statistics for numeric and string columns. Available statistics are: - count - mean - stddev - min - max - arbitrary approximate percentiles specified as a percentage (eg, 75%) If no statistics are giv...
def head(self, n=None): """Returns the first ``n`` rows. .. note:: This method should only be used if the resulting array is expected to be small, as all the data is loaded into the driver's memory. :param n: int, default 1. Number of rows to return. :return: If n is greate...
def select(self, *cols): """Projects a set of expressions and returns a new :class:`DataFrame`. :param cols: list of column names (string) or expressions (:class:`Column`). If one of the column names is '*', that column is expanded to include all columns in the current DataFrame...
def selectExpr(self, *expr): """Projects a set of SQL expressions and returns a new :class:`DataFrame`. This is a variant of :func:`select` that accepts SQL expressions. >>> df.selectExpr("age * 2", "abs(age)").collect() [Row((age * 2)=4, abs(age)=2), Row((age * 2)=10, abs(age)=5)] ...
def filter(self, condition): """Filters rows using the given condition. :func:`where` is an alias for :func:`filter`. :param condition: a :class:`Column` of :class:`types.BooleanType` or a string of SQL expression. >>> df.filter(df.age > 3).collect() [Row(age=5, na...
def groupBy(self, *cols): """Groups the :class:`DataFrame` using the specified columns, so we can run aggregation on them. See :class:`GroupedData` for all the available aggregate functions. :func:`groupby` is an alias for :func:`groupBy`. :param cols: list of columns to group ...
def union(self, other): """ Return a new :class:`DataFrame` containing union of rows in this and another frame. This is equivalent to `UNION ALL` in SQL. To do a SQL-style set union (that does deduplication of elements), use this function followed by :func:`distinct`. Also as standard ...
def unionByName(self, other): """ Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` containing union of rows in this and another frame. This is different from both `UNION ALL` and `UNION DISTINCT` in SQL. To do a SQL-style set union (that does deduplication of elements), use this function followed by :func:`dis...
def intersect(self, other): """ Return a new :class:`DataFrame` containing rows only in both this frame and another frame. This is equivalent to `INTERSECT` in SQL. """ return DataFrame(self._jdf.intersect(other._jdf), self.sql_ctx)
def intersectAll(self, other): """ Return a new :class:`DataFrame` containing rows in both this dataframe and other dataframe while preserving duplicates. This is equivalent to `INTERSECT ALL` in SQL. >>> df1 = spark.createDataFrame([("a", 1), ("a", 1), ("b", 3), ("c", 4)], ["C1", "C2"]...
def subtract(self, other): """ Return a new :class:`DataFrame` containing rows in this frame but not in another frame. This is equivalent to `EXCEPT DISTINCT` in SQL. """ return DataFrame(getattr(self._jdf, "except")(other._jdf), self.sql_ctx)
def dropDuplicates(self, subset=None): """Return a new :class:`DataFrame` with duplicate rows removed, optionally only considering certain columns. For a static batch :class:`DataFrame`, it just drops duplicate rows. For a streaming :class:`DataFrame`, it will keep all data across trigg...
def dropna(self, how='any', thresh=None, subset=None): """Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` omitting rows with null values. :func:`DataFrame.dropna` and :func:`DataFrameNaFunctions.drop` are aliases of each other. :param how: 'any' or 'all'. If 'any', drop a row if it contains any nu...
def fillna(self, value, subset=None): """Replace null values, alias for ``na.fill()``. :func:`DataFrame.fillna` and :func:`DataFrameNaFunctions.fill` are aliases of each other. :param value: int, long, float, string, bool or dict. Value to replace null values with. If th...
def replace(self, to_replace, value=_NoValue, subset=None): """Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` replacing a value with another value. :func:`DataFrame.replace` and :func:`DataFrameNaFunctions.replace` are aliases of each other. Values to_replace and value must have the same type and can ...
def approxQuantile(self, col, probabilities, relativeError): """ Calculates the approximate quantiles of numerical columns of a DataFrame. The result of this algorithm has the following deterministic bound: If the DataFrame has N elements and if we request the quantile at ...
def corr(self, col1, col2, method=None): """ Calculates the correlation of two columns of a DataFrame as a double value. Currently only supports the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. :func:`DataFrame.corr` and :func:`DataFrameStatFunctions.corr` are aliases of each other. :param ...
def cov(self, col1, col2): """ Calculate the sample covariance for the given columns, specified by their names, as a double value. :func:`DataFrame.cov` and :func:`DataFrameStatFunctions.cov` are aliases. :param col1: The name of the first column :param col2: The name of the sec...
def crosstab(self, col1, col2): """ Computes a pair-wise frequency table of the given columns. Also known as a contingency table. The number of distinct values for each column should be less than 1e4. At most 1e6 non-zero pair frequencies will be returned. The first column of eac...
def freqItems(self, cols, support=None): """ Finding frequent items for columns, possibly with false positives. Using the frequent element count algorithm described in "https://doi.org/10.1145/762471.762473, proposed by Karp, Schenker, and Papadimitriou". :func:`DataFrame.freqIte...
def withColumn(self, colName, col): """ Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` by adding a column or replacing the existing column that has the same name. The column expression must be an expression over this DataFrame; attempting to add a column from some other dataframe will raise a...
def withColumnRenamed(self, existing, new): """Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` by renaming an existing column. This is a no-op if schema doesn't contain the given column name. :param existing: string, name of the existing column to rename. :param new: string, new name of the column. ...
def drop(self, *cols): """Returns a new :class:`DataFrame` that drops the specified column. This is a no-op if schema doesn't contain the given column name(s). :param cols: a string name of the column to drop, or a :class:`Column` to drop, or a list of string name of the columns to ...
def toDF(self, *cols): """Returns a new class:`DataFrame` that with new specified column names :param cols: list of new column names (string) >>> df.toDF('f1', 'f2').collect() [Row(f1=2, f2=u'Alice'), Row(f1=5, f2=u'Bob')] """ jdf = self._jdf.toDF(self._jseq(cols)) ...
def transform(self, func): """Returns a new class:`DataFrame`. Concise syntax for chaining custom transformations. :param func: a function that takes and returns a class:`DataFrame`. >>> from pyspark.sql.functions import col >>> df = spark.createDataFrame([(1, 1.0), (2, 2.0)], ["int", ...
def toPandas(self): """ Returns the contents of this :class:`DataFrame` as Pandas ``pandas.DataFrame``. This is only available if Pandas is installed and available. .. note:: This method should only be used if the resulting Pandas's DataFrame is expected to be small, as all...
def _collectAsArrow(self): """ Returns all records as a list of ArrowRecordBatches, pyarrow must be installed and available on driver and worker Python environments. .. note:: Experimental. """ with SCCallSiteSync(self._sc) as css: sock_info = self._jdf.colle...
def asDict(self, sample=False): """Returns the :class:`StatCounter` members as a ``dict``. >>> sc.parallelize([1., 2., 3., 4.]).stats().asDict() {'count': 4L, 'max': 4.0, 'mean': 2.5, 'min': 1.0, 'stdev': 1.2909944487358056, 'sum': 10.0, 'va...
def _list_function_infos(jvm): """ Returns a list of function information via JVM. Sorts wrapped expression infos by name and returns them. """ jinfos = jvm.org.apache.spark.sql.api.python.PythonSQLUtils.listBuiltinFunctionInfos() infos = [] for jinfo in jinfos: name = jinfo.getName...
def _make_pretty_usage(usage): """ Makes the usage description pretty and returns a formatted string if `usage` is not an empty string. Otherwise, returns None. """ if usage is not None and usage.strip() != "": usage = "\n".join(map(lambda u: u.strip(), usage.split("\n"))) return "%...
def _make_pretty_arguments(arguments): """ Makes the arguments description pretty and returns a formatted string if `arguments` starts with the argument prefix. Otherwise, returns None. Expected input: Arguments: * arg0 - ... ... * arg0 - ... ......
def _make_pretty_examples(examples): """ Makes the examples description pretty and returns a formatted string if `examples` starts with the example prefix. Otherwise, returns None. Expected input: Examples: > SELECT ...; ... > SELECT ...; ... Expe...
def _make_pretty_note(note): """ Makes the note description pretty and returns a formatted string if `note` is not an empty string. Otherwise, returns None. Expected input: ... Expected output: **Note:** ... """ if note != "": note = "\n".join(map(lambda n: n[4:...
def _make_pretty_deprecated(deprecated): """ Makes the deprecated description pretty and returns a formatted string if `deprecated` is not an empty string. Otherwise, returns None. Expected input: ... Expected output: **Deprecated:** ... """ if deprecated != "": ...
def generate_sql_markdown(jvm, path): """ Generates a markdown file after listing the function information. The output file is created in `path`. Expected output: ### NAME USAGE **Arguments:** ARGUMENTS **Examples:** ``` EXAMPLES ``` **Note:** NOTE **...
def predict(self, x): """ Predict values for a single data point or an RDD of points using the model trained. """ if isinstance(x, RDD): return x.map(lambda v: self.predict(v)) x = _convert_to_vector(x) if self.numClasses == 2: margin = se...
def save(self, sc, path): """ Save this model to the given path. """ java_model = sc._jvm.org.apache.spark.mllib.classification.LogisticRegressionModel( _py2java(sc, self._coeff), self.intercept, self.numFeatures, self.numClasses) java_model.save(sc._jsc.sc(), path)
def train(cls, data, iterations=100, initialWeights=None, regParam=0.0, regType="l2", intercept=False, corrections=10, tolerance=1e-6, validateData=True, numClasses=2): """ Train a logistic regression model on the given data. :param data: The training data, an RDD of Lab...