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def main(guess_a=1., guess_b=0., power=3, savetxt='None', verbose=False):
"""
Example demonstrating how to solve a system of non-linear equations defined as SymPy expressions.
The example shows how a non-linear problem can be given a command-line interface which may be
preferred by end-users who are no... |
def plot_series(xres, varied_data, indices=None, info=None,
fail_vline=None, plot_kwargs_cb=None,
ls=('-', '--', ':', '-.'),
c=('k', 'r', 'g', 'b', 'c', 'm', 'y'), labels=None,
ax=None, names=None, latex_names=None):
""" Plot the values of the solution... |
def mpl_outside_legend(ax, **kwargs):
""" Places a legend box outside a matplotlib Axes instance. """
box = ax.get_position()
ax.set_position([box.x0, box.y0, box.width * 0.75, box.height])
# Put a legend to the right of the current axis
ax.legend(loc='upper left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 1), **kwargs) |
def linear_rref(A, b, Matrix=None, S=None):
""" Transform a linear system to reduced row-echelon form
Transforms both the matrix and right-hand side of a linear
system of equations to reduced row echelon form
Parameters
----------
A : Matrix-like
Iterable of rows.
b : iterable
... |
def linear_exprs(A, x, b=None, rref=False, Matrix=None):
""" Returns Ax - b
Parameters
----------
A : matrix_like of numbers
Of shape (len(b), len(x)).
x : iterable of symbols
b : array_like of numbers (default: None)
When ``None``, assume zeros of length ``len(x)``.
Matrix ... |
def from_callback(cls, cb, nx=None, nparams=None, **kwargs):
""" Generate a SymbolicSys instance from a callback.
Parameters
----------
cb : callable
Should have the signature ``cb(x, p, backend) -> list of exprs``.
nx : int
Number of unknowns, when not g... |
def get_jac(self):
""" Return the jacobian of the expressions """
if self._jac is True:
if self.band is None:
f = self.be.Matrix(self.nf, 1, self.exprs)
_x = self.be.Matrix(self.nx, 1, self.x)
return f.jacobian(_x)
else:
... |
def from_callback(cls, cb, transf_cbs, nx, nparams=0, pre_adj=None,
**kwargs):
""" Generate a TransformedSys instance from a callback
Parameters
----------
cb : callable
Should have the signature ``cb(x, p, backend) -> list of exprs``.
The c... |
def write(self, handle):
'''Write binary header data to a file handle.
This method writes exactly 512 bytes to the beginning of the given file
handle.
Parameters
----------
handle : file handle
The given handle will be reset to 0 using `seek` and then 512 by... |
def read(self, handle):
'''Read and parse binary header data from a file handle.
This method reads exactly 512 bytes from the beginning of the given file
handle.
Parameters
----------
handle : file handle
The given handle will be reset to 0 using `seek` and ... |
def binary_size(self):
'''Return the number of bytes needed to store this parameter.'''
return (
1 + # group_id
2 + # next offset marker
1 + len(self.name.encode('utf-8')) + # size of name and name bytes
1 + # data size
1 + len(self.dimensions)... |
def write(self, group_id, handle):
'''Write binary data for this parameter to a file handle.
Parameters
----------
group_id : int
The numerical ID of the group that holds this parameter.
handle : file handle
An open, writable, binary file handle.
... |
def read(self, handle):
'''Read binary data for this parameter from a file handle.
This reads exactly enough data from the current position in the file to
initialize the parameter.
'''
self.bytes_per_element, = struct.unpack('b', handle.read(1))
dims, = struct.unpack('B'... |
def _as_array(self, fmt):
'''Unpack the raw bytes of this param using the given data format.'''
assert self.dimensions, \
'{}: cannot get value as {} array!'.format(self.name, fmt)
elems = array.array(fmt)
elems.fromstring(self.bytes)
return np.array(elems).reshape(se... |
def bytes_array(self):
'''Get the param as an array of raw byte strings.'''
assert len(self.dimensions) == 2, \
'{}: cannot get value as bytes array!'.format(self.name)
l, n = self.dimensions
return [self.bytes[i*l:(i+1)*l] for i in range(n)] |
def string_array(self):
'''Get the param as a array of unicode strings.'''
assert len(self.dimensions) == 2, \
'{}: cannot get value as string array!'.format(self.name)
l, n = self.dimensions
return [self.bytes[i*l:(i+1)*l].decode('utf-8') for i in range(n)] |
def add_param(self, name, **kwargs):
'''Add a parameter to this group.
Parameters
----------
name : str
Name of the parameter to add to this group. The name will
automatically be case-normalized.
Additional keyword arguments will be passed to the `Param`... |
def binary_size(self):
'''Return the number of bytes to store this group and its parameters.'''
return (
1 + # group_id
1 + len(self.name.encode('utf-8')) + # size of name and name bytes
2 + # next offset marker
1 + len(self.desc.encode('utf-8')) + # size ... |
def write(self, group_id, handle):
'''Write this parameter group, with parameters, to a file handle.
Parameters
----------
group_id : int
The numerical ID of the group.
handle : file handle
An open, writable, binary file handle.
'''
name =... |
def check_metadata(self):
'''Ensure that the metadata in our file is self-consistent.'''
assert self.header.point_count == self.point_used, (
'inconsistent point count! {} header != {} POINT:USED'.format(
self.header.point_count,
self.point_used,
)... |
def add_group(self, group_id, name, desc):
'''Add a new parameter group.
Parameters
----------
group_id : int
The numeric ID for a group to check or create.
name : str, optional
If a group is created, assign this name to the group.
desc : str, opt... |
def get(self, group, default=None):
'''Get a group or parameter.
Parameters
----------
group : str
If this string contains a period (.), then the part before the
period will be used to retrieve a group, and the part after the
period will be used to re... |
def parameter_blocks(self):
'''Compute the size (in 512B blocks) of the parameter section.'''
bytes = 4. + sum(g.binary_size() for g in self.groups.values())
return int(np.ceil(bytes / 512)) |
def read_frames(self, copy=True):
'''Iterate over the data frames from our C3D file handle.
Parameters
----------
copy : bool
If False, the reader returns a reference to the same data buffers
for every frame. The default is True, which causes the reader to
... |
def _pad_block(self, handle):
'''Pad the file with 0s to the end of the next block boundary.'''
extra = handle.tell() % 512
if extra:
handle.write(b'\x00' * (512 - extra)) |
def _write_metadata(self, handle):
'''Write metadata to a file handle.
Parameters
----------
handle : file
Write metadata and C3D motion frames to the given file handle. The
writer does not close the handle.
'''
self.check_metadata()
# he... |
def _write_frames(self, handle):
'''Write our frame data to the given file handle.
Parameters
----------
handle : file
Write metadata and C3D motion frames to the given file handle. The
writer does not close the handle.
'''
assert handle.tell() ==... |
def write(self, handle):
'''Write metadata and point + analog frames to a file handle.
Parameters
----------
handle : file
Write metadata and C3D motion frames to the given file handle. The
writer does not close the handle.
'''
if not self._frames... |
def aggregate_per_prefix(self, start_time, end_time, limit=0, net_masks='', exclude_net_masks=False, filter_proto=None):
""" Given a time range aggregates bytes per prefix.
Args:
start_time: A string representing the starting time of the time range
end_time: A string... |
def aggregate_per_as(self, start_time, end_time):
""" Given a time range aggregates bytes per ASNs.
Args:
start_time: A string representing the starting time of the time range
end_time: A string representing the ending time of the time range
Returns:
... |
def _workaround_no_vector_images(project):
"""Replace vector images with fake ones."""
RED = (255, 0, 0)
PLACEHOLDER = kurt.Image.new((32, 32), RED)
for scriptable in [project.stage] + project.sprites:
for costume in scriptable.costumes:
if costume.image.format == "SVG":
... |
def _workaround_no_stage_specific_variables(project):
"""Make Stage-specific variables global (move them to Project)."""
for (name, var) in project.stage.variables.items():
yield "variable %s" % name
for (name, _list) in project.stage.lists.items():
yield "list %s" % name
project.variabl... |
def register(cls, plugin):
"""Register a new :class:`KurtPlugin`.
Once registered, the plugin can be used by :class:`Project`, when:
* :attr:`Project.load` sees a file with the right extension
* :attr:`Project.convert` is called with the format as a parameter
"""
cls.... |
def get_plugin(cls, name=None, **kwargs):
"""Returns the first format plugin whose attributes match kwargs.
For example::
get_plugin(extension="scratch14")
Will return the :class:`KurtPlugin` whose :attr:`extension
<KurtPlugin.extension>` attribute is ``"scratch14"``.
... |
def block_by_command(cls, command):
"""Return the block with the given :attr:`command`.
Returns None if the block is not found.
"""
for block in cls.blocks:
if block.has_command(command):
return block |
def blocks_by_text(cls, text):
"""Return a list of blocks matching the given :attr:`text`.
Capitalisation and spaces are ignored.
"""
text = kurt.BlockType._strip_text(text)
matches = []
for block in cls.blocks:
for pbt in block.conversions:
... |
def clean_up(scripts):
"""Clean up the given list of scripts in-place so none of the scripts
overlap.
"""
scripts_with_pos = [s for s in scripts if s.pos]
scripts_with_pos.sort(key=lambda s: (s.pos[1], s.pos[0]))
scripts = scripts_with_pos + [s for s in scripts if not s.pos]
y = 20
for... |
def obj_classes_from_module(module):
"""Return a list of classes in a module that have a 'classID' attribute."""
for name in dir(module):
if not name.startswith('_'):
cls = getattr(module, name)
if getattr(cls, 'classID', None):
yield (name, cls) |
def decode_network(objects):
"""Return root object from ref-containing obj table entries"""
def resolve_ref(obj, objects=objects):
if isinstance(obj, Ref):
# first entry is 1
return objects[obj.index - 1]
else:
return obj
# Reading the ObjTable backwards ... |
def encode_network(root):
"""Yield ref-containing obj table entries from object network"""
orig_objects = []
objects = []
def get_ref(value, objects=objects):
"""Returns the index of the given object in the object table,
adding it if needed.
"""
value = PythonicAdapter(... |
def encode_network(root):
"""Yield ref-containing obj table entries from object network"""
def fix_values(obj):
if isinstance(obj, Container):
obj.update((k, get_ref(v)) for (k, v) in obj.items()
if k != 'class_name')
fixed_obj = obj
... |
def decode_obj_table(table_entries, plugin):
"""Return root of obj table. Converts user-class objects"""
entries = []
for entry in table_entries:
if isinstance(entry, Container):
assert not hasattr(entry, '__recursion_lock__')
user_obj_def = plugin.user_objects[entry.classID]... |
def encode_obj_table(root, plugin):
"""Return list of obj table entries. Converts user-class objects"""
entries = encode_network(root)
table_entries = []
for entry in entries:
if isinstance(entry, Container):
assert not hasattr(entry, '__recursion_lock__')
user_obj_def =... |
def _encode(self, obj, context):
"""Encodes a class to a lower-level object using the class' own
to_construct function.
If no such function is defined, returns the object unchanged.
"""
func = getattr(obj, 'to_construct', None)
if callable(func):
return func(c... |
def _decode(self, obj, context):
"""Initialises a new Python class from a construct using the mapping
passed to the adapter.
"""
cls = self._get_class(obj.classID)
return cls.from_construct(obj, context) |
def write_file(self, name, contents):
"""Write file contents string into archive."""
# TODO: find a way to make ZipFile accept a file object.
zi = zipfile.ZipInfo(name)
zi.date_time = time.localtime(time.time())[:6]
zi.compress_type = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED
zi.external_attr... |
def load_midi_file(path):
"""Yield (pitch, start_beat, end_beat) for each note in midi file."""
midi_notes = []
def register_note(track, channel, pitch, velocity, start, end):
midi_notes.append((pitch, start, end))
midi.register_note = register_note
global m
m = midi.MidiFile()
m.o... |
def get_media(self, v14_scriptable):
"""Return (images, sounds)"""
images = []
sounds = []
for media in v14_scriptable.media:
if media.class_name == 'SoundMedia':
sounds.append(media)
elif media.class_name == 'ImageMedia':
images.ap... |
def from_byte_array(cls, bytes_):
"""Decodes a run-length encoded ByteArray and returns a Bitmap.
The ByteArray decompresses to a sequence of 32-bit values, which are
stored as a byte string. (The specific encoding depends on Form.depth.)
"""
runs = cls._length_run_coding.parse(b... |
def from_string(cls, width, height, rgba_string):
"""Returns a Form with 32-bit RGBA pixels
Accepts string containing raw RGBA color values
"""
# Convert RGBA string to ARGB
raw = ""
for i in range(0, len(rgba_string), 4):
raw += rgba_string[i+3] # alpha
... |
def open_file(path):
"""Opens Explorer/Finder with given path, depending on platform"""
if sys.platform=='win32':
os.startfile(path)
#subprocess.Popen(['start', path], shell= True)
elif sys.platform=='darwin':
subprocess.Popen(['open', path])
else:
try:
... |
def set_file_path(self, path):
"""Update the file_path Entry widget"""
self.file_path.delete(0, END)
self.file_path.insert(0, path) |
def load(cls, path, format=None):
"""Load project from file.
Use ``format`` to specify the file format to use.
Path can be a file-like object, in which case format is required.
Otherwise, can guess the appropriate format from the extension.
If you pass a file-like object, you'... |
def copy(self):
"""Return a new Project instance, deep-copying all the attributes."""
p = Project()
p.name = self.name
p.path = self.path
p._plugin = self._plugin
p.stage = self.stage.copy()
p.stage.project = p
for sprite in self.sprites:
s = ... |
def convert(self, format):
"""Convert the project in-place to a different file format.
Returns a list of :class:`UnsupportedFeature` objects, which may give
warnings about the conversion.
:param format: :attr:`KurtFileFormat.name` eg. ``"scratch14"``.
:raises: :class:`ValueErr... |
def save(self, path=None, debug=False):
"""Save project to file.
:param path: Path or file pointer.
If you pass a file pointer, you're responsible for closing
it.
If path is not given, the :attr:`path` attribute is used,
... |
def _normalize(self):
"""Convert the project to a standardised form for the current plugin.
Called after loading, before saving, and when converting to a new
format.
Yields UnsupportedFeature instances.
"""
unique_sprite_names = set(sprite.name for sprite in self.spri... |
def copy(self, o=None):
"""Return a new instance, deep-copying all the attributes."""
if o is None: o = self.__class__(self.project)
o.scripts = [s.copy() for s in self.scripts]
o.variables = dict((n, v.copy()) for (n, v) in self.variables.items())
o.lists = dict((n, l.copy()) fo... |
def parse(self, text):
"""Parse the given code and add it to :attr:`scripts`.
The syntax matches :attr:`Script.stringify()`. See :mod:`kurt.text` for
reference.
"""
self.scripts.append(kurt.text.parse(text, self)) |
def copy(self):
"""Return a new instance, deep-copying all the attributes."""
o = self.__class__(self.project, self.name)
Scriptable.copy(self, o)
o.position = tuple(self.position)
o.direction = self.direction
o.rotation_style = self.rotation_style
o.size = self.s... |
def copy(self):
"""Return a new instance with the same attributes."""
o = self.__class__(self.target,
self.block.copy(),
self.style,
self.is_visible,
self.pos)
o.slider_min = self.slider_min
o.slider_max = self.slider_max
... |
def kind(self):
"""The type of value to watch, based on :attr:`block`.
One of ``variable``, ``list``, or ``block``.
``block`` watchers watch the value of a reporter block.
"""
if self.block.type.has_command('readVariable'):
return 'variable'
elif self.block... |
def value(self):
"""Return the :class:`Variable` or :class:`List` to watch.
Returns ``None`` if it's a block watcher.
"""
if self.kind == 'variable':
return self.target.variables[self.block.args[0]]
elif self.kind == 'list':
return self.target.lists[self... |
def stringify(self):
"""Returns the color value in hexcode format.
eg. ``'#ff1056'``
"""
hexcode = "#"
for x in self.value:
part = hex(x)[2:]
if len(part) < 2: part = "0" + part
hexcode += part
return hexcode |
def options(self, scriptable=None):
"""Return a list of valid options to a menu insert, given a
Scriptable for context.
Mostly complete, excepting 'attribute'.
"""
options = list(Insert.KIND_OPTIONS.get(self.kind, []))
if scriptable:
if self.kind == 'var':
... |
def text(self):
"""The text displayed on the block.
String containing ``"%s"`` in place of inserts.
eg. ``'say %s for %s secs'``
"""
parts = [("%s" if isinstance(p, Insert) else p) for p in self.parts]
parts = [("%%" if p == "%" else p) for p in parts] # escape percent... |
def stripped_text(self):
"""The :attr:`text`, with spaces and inserts removed.
Used by :class:`BlockType.get` to look up blocks.
"""
return BaseBlockType._strip_text(
self.text % tuple((i.default if i.shape == 'inline' else '%s')
for i ... |
def _strip_text(text):
"""Returns text with spaces and inserts removed."""
text = re.sub(r'[ ,?:]|%s', "", text.lower())
for chr in "-%":
new_text = text.replace(chr, "")
if new_text:
text = new_text
return text.lower() |
def has_insert(self, shape):
"""Returns True if any of the inserts have the given shape."""
for insert in self.inserts:
if insert.shape == shape:
return True
return False |
def _add_conversion(self, plugin, pbt):
"""Add a new PluginBlockType conversion.
If the plugin already exists, do nothing.
"""
assert self.shape == pbt.shape
assert len(self.inserts) == len(pbt.inserts)
for (i, o) in zip(self.inserts, pbt.inserts):
assert i.... |
def convert(self, plugin=None):
"""Return a :class:`PluginBlockType` for the given plugin name.
If plugin is ``None``, return the first registered plugin.
"""
if plugin:
plugin = kurt.plugin.Kurt.get_plugin(plugin)
if plugin.name in self._plugins:
... |
def has_conversion(self, plugin):
"""Return True if the plugin supports this block."""
plugin = kurt.plugin.Kurt.get_plugin(plugin)
return plugin.name in self._plugins |
def has_command(self, command):
"""Returns True if any of the plugins have the given command."""
for pbt in self._plugins.values():
if pbt.command == command:
return True
return False |
def get(cls, block_type):
"""Return a :class:`BlockType` instance from the given parameter.
* If it's already a BlockType instance, return that.
* If it exactly matches the command on a :class:`PluginBlockType`,
return the corresponding BlockType.
* If it loosely matches the... |
def copy(self):
"""Return a new Block instance with the same attributes."""
args = []
for arg in self.args:
if isinstance(arg, Block):
arg = arg.copy()
elif isinstance(arg, list):
arg = [b.copy() for b in arg]
args.append(arg)
... |
def copy(self):
"""Return a new instance with the same attributes."""
return self.__class__([b.copy() for b in self.blocks],
tuple(self.pos) if self.pos else None) |
def load(self, path):
"""Load costume from image file.
Uses :attr:`Image.load`, but will set the Costume's name based on the
image filename.
"""
(folder, filename) = os.path.split(path)
(name, extension) = os.path.splitext(filename)
return Costume(name, Image.lo... |
def pil_image(self):
"""A :class:`PIL.Image.Image` instance containing the image data."""
if not self._pil_image:
if self._format == "SVG":
raise VectorImageError("can't rasterise vector images")
self._pil_image = PIL.Image.open(StringIO(self.contents))
re... |
def contents(self):
"""The raw file contents as a string."""
if not self._contents:
if self._path:
# Read file into memory so we don't run out of file descriptors
f = open(self._path, "rb")
self._contents = f.read()
f.close()
... |
def format(self):
"""The format of the image file.
An uppercase string corresponding to the
:attr:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile.format` attribute. Valid values include
``"JPEG"`` and ``"PNG"``.
"""
if self._format:
return self._format
elif self.pil_image... |
def size(self):
"""``(width, height)`` in pixels."""
if self._size and not self._pil_image:
return self._size
else:
return self.pil_image.size |
def load(cls, path):
"""Load image from file."""
assert os.path.exists(path), "No such file: %r" % path
(folder, filename) = os.path.split(path)
(name, extension) = os.path.splitext(filename)
image = Image(None)
image._path = path
image._format = Image.image_for... |
def convert(self, *formats):
"""Return an Image instance with the first matching format.
For each format in ``*args``: If the image's :attr:`format` attribute
is the same as the format, return self, otherwise try the next format.
If none of the formats match, return a new Image instanc... |
def _convert(self, format):
"""Return a new Image instance with the given format.
Returns self if the format is already the same.
"""
if self.format == format:
return self
else:
image = Image(self.pil_image)
image._format = format
... |
def save(self, path):
"""Save image to file path.
The image format is guessed from the extension. If path has no
extension, the image's :attr:`format` is used.
:returns: Path to the saved file.
"""
(folder, filename) = os.path.split(path)
(name, extension) = os... |
def new(self, size, fill):
"""Return a new Image instance filled with a color."""
return Image(PIL.Image.new("RGB", size, fill)) |
def resize(self, size):
"""Return a new Image instance with the given size."""
return Image(self.pil_image.resize(size, PIL.Image.ANTIALIAS)) |
def paste(self, other):
"""Return a new Image with the given image pasted on top.
This image will show through transparent areas of the given image.
"""
r, g, b, alpha = other.pil_image.split()
pil_image = self.pil_image.copy()
pil_image.paste(other.pil_image, mask=alph... |
def load(self, path):
"""Load sound from wave file.
Uses :attr:`Waveform.load`, but will set the Waveform's name based on
the sound filename.
"""
(folder, filename) = os.path.split(path)
(name, extension) = os.path.splitext(filename)
return Sound(name, Waveform.... |
def save(self, path):
"""Save the sound to a wave file at the given path.
Uses :attr:`Waveform.save`, but if the path ends in a folder instead of
a file, the filename is based on the project's :attr:`name`.
:returns: Path to the saved file.
"""
(folder, filename) = os.... |
def contents(self):
"""The raw file contents as a string."""
if not self._contents:
if self._path:
# Read file into memory so we don't run out of file descriptors
f = open(self._path, "rb")
self._contents = f.read()
f.close()
... |
def _wave(self):
"""Return a wave.Wave_read instance from the ``wave`` module."""
try:
return wave.open(StringIO(self.contents))
except wave.Error, err:
err.message += "\nInvalid wave file: %s" % self
err.args = (err.message,)
raise |
def load(cls, path):
"""Load Waveform from file."""
assert os.path.exists(path), "No such file: %r" % path
(folder, filename) = os.path.split(path)
(name, extension) = os.path.splitext(filename)
wave = Waveform(None)
wave._path = path
return wave |
def save(self, path):
"""Save waveform to file path as a WAV file.
:returns: Path to the saved file.
"""
(folder, filename) = os.path.split(path)
(name, extension) = os.path.splitext(filename)
if not name:
raise ValueError, "name is required"
path ... |
def sort_nicely(l):
"""Sort the given list in the way that humans expect."""
convert = lambda text: int(text) if text.isdigit() else text
alphanum_key = lambda key: [convert(c) for c in re.split('([0-9]+)', key)]
l.sort(key=alphanum_key) |
def open_channel(self):
"""
Open a new channel on this connection.
This method is a :ref:`coroutine <coroutine>`.
:return: The new :class:`Channel` object.
"""
if self._closing:
raise ConnectionClosed("Closed by application")
if self.closed.done():
... |
def close(self):
"""
Close the connection by handshaking with the server.
This method is a :ref:`coroutine <coroutine>`.
"""
if not self.is_closed():
self._closing = True
# Let the ConnectionActor do the actual close operations.
# It will do t... |
def handle_PoisonPillFrame(self, frame):
""" Is sent in case protocol lost connection to server."""
# Will be delivered after Close or CloseOK handlers. It's for channels,
# so ignore it.
if self.connection.closed.done():
return
# If connection was not closed already ... |
def handle_ConnectionClose(self, frame):
""" AMQP server closed the channel with an error """
# Notify server we are OK to close.
self.sender.send_CloseOK()
exc = ConnectionClosed(frame.payload.reply_text,
frame.payload.reply_code)
self._close_all(... |
def publish(self, message, routing_key, *, mandatory=True):
"""
Publish a message on the exchange, to be asynchronously delivered to queues.
:param asynqp.Message message: the message to send
:param str routing_key: the routing key with which to publish the message
:param bool m... |
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