| { | |
| "problem_id": "Exam-07-T6", | |
| "header": "The Phases and Properties of Water and the Evolution of Temperature-Scale Definitions\nWater is the source of life, and its unique physicochemical properties play a crucial role in nature. The phase diagram below describes the phase equilibria of water at different temperatures and pressures. ", | |
| "header_images": [ | |
| { | |
| "file": "Exam-07-T6-header-1.png", | |
| "description": "Schematic physicochemical phase diagram drawn with black lines on a white background. The origin of the rectangular coordinate system is labeled “O”; the vertical axis points upward and is labeled “p,” and the horizontal axis points rightward and is labeled “T/K.” The value “273.16” appears toward the left of the horizontal axis, with a vertical dashed line rising from it to the triple point, which is also labeled “O.” Four lines meet at triple point O: a solid solid-gas coexistence curve bending down and left to point B; a slightly curved solid-liquid coexistence line with negative slope extending up and left to point C; dashed line OD extending leftward; and a solid liquid-gas coexistence curve bending up and right to point A, the critical point. Point P lies on solid curve OA. A double-slash break symbol “//” appears midway along this curve, with a corresponding “//” break on the right side of the horizontal axis. A vertical dashed line fq passes through point P on curve OA, with f above and q below. Above and to the right of point A is a right-angled boundary extending rightward and upward; the top of its vertical segment is labeled “E,” and the right end of its horizontal segment is labeled “F.” The regions are labeled as follows: “ice” to the left of line OC, “water” between OC and OA, “water vapor” below OA and OB, and “supercritical water,” written vertically, inside the upper-right right-angled region bounded by E and F." | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "subquestions": [ | |
| { | |
| "sub_id": "Exam-07-T6-1", | |
| "tags": [ | |
| "3.1" | |
| ], | |
| "text_open": "6.1.2 State the physical meaning of curve OD.", | |
| "text_images": [], | |
| "full_mark": 2, | |
| "rubric": [ | |
| "Line OD is the metastable equilibrium line between supercooled liquid water and water vapor, or equivalently the vapor-pressure curve of supercooled water (2 points)." | |
| ], | |
| "rubric_images": [] | |
| } | |
| ] | |
| } | |