rm65-smolvla-code / lerobot /scripts /visualize_dataset_html.py

Upload folder using huggingface_hub (part 2)

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#!/usr/bin/env python

# Copyright 2024 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
""" Visualize data of **all** frames of any episode of a dataset of type LeRobotDataset.
Note: The last frame of the episode doesnt always correspond to a final state.
That's because our datasets are composed of transition from state to state up to
the antepenultimate state associated to the ultimate action to arrive in the final state.
However, there might not be a transition from a final state to another state.
Note: This script aims to visualize the data used to train the neural networks.
~What you see is what you get~. When visualizing image modality, it is often expected to observe
lossly compression artifacts since these images have been decoded from compressed mp4 videos to
save disk space. The compression factor applied has been tuned to not affect success rate.
Example of usage:
- Visualize data stored on a local machine:
```bash
local$ python lerobot/scripts/visualize_dataset_html.py \
    --repo-id lerobot/pusht
local$ open http://localhost:9090
```
- Visualize data stored on a distant machine with a local viewer:
```bash
distant$ python lerobot/scripts/visualize_dataset_html.py \
    --repo-id lerobot/pusht
local$ ssh -L 9090:localhost:9090 distant  # create a ssh tunnel
local$ open http://localhost:9090
```
- Select episodes to visualize:
```bash
python lerobot/scripts/visualize_dataset_html.py \
    --repo-id lerobot/pusht \
    --episodes 7 3 5 1 4
```
"""

import argparse
import csv
import json
import logging
import re
import shutil
import tempfile
from io import StringIO
from pathlib import Path

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import requests
from flask import Flask, redirect, render_template, request, url_for

from lerobot import available_datasets
from lerobot.common.datasets.lerobot_dataset import LeRobotDataset
from lerobot.common.datasets.utils import IterableNamespace
from lerobot.common.utils.utils import init_logging


def run_server(
    dataset: LeRobotDataset | IterableNamespace | None,
    episodes: list[int] | None,
    host: str,
    port: str,
    static_folder: Path,
    template_folder: Path,
):
    app = Flask(__name__, static_folder=static_folder.resolve(), template_folder=template_folder.resolve())
    app.config["SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT"] = 0  # specifying not to cache

    @app.route("/")
    def hommepage(dataset=dataset):
        if dataset:
            dataset_namespace, dataset_name = dataset.repo_id.split("/")
            return redirect(
                url_for(
                    "show_episode",
                    dataset_namespace=dataset_namespace,
                    dataset_name=dataset_name,
                    episode_id=0,
                )
            )

        dataset_param, episode_param = None, None
        all_params = request.args
        if "dataset" in all_params:
            dataset_param = all_params["dataset"]
        if "episode" in all_params:
            episode_param = int(all_params["episode"])

        if dataset_param:
            dataset_namespace, dataset_name = dataset_param.split("/")
            return redirect(
                url_for(
                    "show_episode",
                    dataset_namespace=dataset_namespace,
                    dataset_name=dataset_name,
                    episode_id=episode_param if episode_param is not None else 0,
                )
            )

        featured_datasets = [
            "lerobot/aloha_static_cups_open",
            "lerobot/columbia_cairlab_pusht_real",
            "lerobot/taco_play",
        ]
        return render_template(
            "visualize_dataset_homepage.html",
            featured_datasets=featured_datasets,
            lerobot_datasets=available_datasets,
        )

    @app.route("/<string:dataset_namespace>/<string:dataset_name>")
    def show_first_episode(dataset_namespace, dataset_name):
        first_episode_id = 0
        return redirect(
            url_for(
                "show_episode",
                dataset_namespace=dataset_namespace,
                dataset_name=dataset_name,
                episode_id=first_episode_id,
            )
        )

    @app.route("/<string:dataset_namespace>/<string:dataset_name>/episode_<int:episode_id>")
    def show_episode(dataset_namespace, dataset_name, episode_id, dataset=dataset, episodes=episodes):
        repo_id = f"{dataset_namespace}/{dataset_name}"
        try:
            if dataset is None:
                dataset = get_dataset_info(repo_id)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return (
                "Make sure to convert your LeRobotDataset to v2 & above. See how to convert your dataset at https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/pull/461",
                400,
            )
        dataset_version = (
            str(dataset.meta._version) if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset) else dataset.codebase_version
        )
        match = re.search(r"v(\d+)\.", dataset_version)
        if match:
            major_version = int(match.group(1))
            if major_version < 2:
                return "Make sure to convert your LeRobotDataset to v2 & above."

        episode_data_csv_str, columns, ignored_columns = get_episode_data(dataset, episode_id)
        dataset_info = {
            "repo_id": f"{dataset_namespace}/{dataset_name}",
            "num_samples": dataset.num_frames
            if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset)
            else dataset.total_frames,
            "num_episodes": dataset.num_episodes
            if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset)
            else dataset.total_episodes,
            "fps": dataset.fps,
        }
        if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset):
            video_paths = [
                dataset.meta.get_video_file_path(episode_id, key) for key in dataset.meta.video_keys
            ]
            videos_info = [
                {
                    "url": url_for("static", filename=str(video_path).replace("\\", "/")),
                    "filename": video_path.parent.name,
                }
                for video_path in video_paths
            ]
            tasks = dataset.meta.episodes[episode_id]["tasks"]
        else:
            video_keys = [key for key, ft in dataset.features.items() if ft["dtype"] == "video"]
            videos_info = [
                {
                    "url": f"https://huggingface.co/datasets/{repo_id}/resolve/main/"
                    + dataset.video_path.format(
                        episode_chunk=int(episode_id) // dataset.chunks_size,
                        video_key=video_key,
                        episode_index=episode_id,
                    ),
                    "filename": video_key,
                }
                for video_key in video_keys
            ]

            response = requests.get(
                f"https://huggingface.co/datasets/{repo_id}/resolve/main/meta/episodes.jsonl", timeout=5
            )
            response.raise_for_status()
            # Split into lines and parse each line as JSON
            tasks_jsonl = [json.loads(line) for line in response.text.splitlines() if line.strip()]

            filtered_tasks_jsonl = [row for row in tasks_jsonl if row["episode_index"] == episode_id]
            tasks = filtered_tasks_jsonl[0]["tasks"]

        videos_info[0]["language_instruction"] = tasks

        if episodes is None:
            episodes = list(
                range(dataset.num_episodes if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset) else dataset.total_episodes)
            )

        return render_template(
            "visualize_dataset_template.html",
            episode_id=episode_id,
            episodes=episodes,
            dataset_info=dataset_info,
            videos_info=videos_info,
            episode_data_csv_str=episode_data_csv_str,
            columns=columns,
            ignored_columns=ignored_columns,
        )

    app.run(host=host, port=port)


def get_ep_csv_fname(episode_id: int):
    ep_csv_fname = f"episode_{episode_id}.csv"
    return ep_csv_fname


def get_episode_data(dataset: LeRobotDataset | IterableNamespace, episode_index):
    """Get a csv str containing timeseries data of an episode (e.g. state and action).
    This file will be loaded by Dygraph javascript to plot data in real time."""
    columns = []

    selected_columns = [col for col, ft in dataset.features.items() if ft["dtype"] in ["float32", "int32"]]
    selected_columns.remove("timestamp")

    ignored_columns = []
    for column_name in selected_columns:
        shape = dataset.features[column_name]["shape"]
        shape_dim = len(shape)
        if shape_dim > 1:
            selected_columns.remove(column_name)
            ignored_columns.append(column_name)

    # init header of csv with state and action names
    header = ["timestamp"]

    for column_name in selected_columns:
        dim_state = (
            dataset.meta.shapes[column_name][0]
            if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset)
            else dataset.features[column_name].shape[0]
        )

        if "names" in dataset.features[column_name] and dataset.features[column_name]["names"]:
            column_names = dataset.features[column_name]["names"]
            while not isinstance(column_names, list):
                column_names = list(column_names.values())[0]
        else:
            column_names = [f"{column_name}_{i}" for i in range(dim_state)]
        columns.append({"key": column_name, "value": column_names})

        header += column_names

    selected_columns.insert(0, "timestamp")

    if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset):
        from_idx = dataset.episode_data_index["from"][episode_index]
        to_idx = dataset.episode_data_index["to"][episode_index]
        data = (
            dataset.hf_dataset.select(range(from_idx, to_idx))
            .select_columns(selected_columns)
            .with_format("pandas")
        )
    else:
        repo_id = dataset.repo_id

        url = f"https://huggingface.co/datasets/{repo_id}/resolve/main/" + dataset.data_path.format(
            episode_chunk=int(episode_index) // dataset.chunks_size, episode_index=episode_index
        )
        df = pd.read_parquet(url)
        data = df[selected_columns]  # Select specific columns

    rows = np.hstack(
        (
            np.expand_dims(data["timestamp"], axis=1),
            *[np.vstack(data[col]) for col in selected_columns[1:]],
        )
    ).tolist()

    # Convert data to CSV string
    csv_buffer = StringIO()
    csv_writer = csv.writer(csv_buffer)
    # Write header
    csv_writer.writerow(header)
    # Write data rows
    csv_writer.writerows(rows)
    csv_string = csv_buffer.getvalue()

    return csv_string, columns, ignored_columns


def get_episode_video_paths(dataset: LeRobotDataset, ep_index: int) -> list[str]:
    # get first frame of episode (hack to get video_path of the episode)
    first_frame_idx = dataset.episode_data_index["from"][ep_index].item()
    return [
        dataset.hf_dataset.select_columns(key)[first_frame_idx][key]["path"]
        for key in dataset.meta.video_keys
    ]


def get_episode_language_instruction(dataset: LeRobotDataset, ep_index: int) -> list[str]:
    # check if the dataset has language instructions
    if "language_instruction" not in dataset.features:
        return None

    # get first frame index
    first_frame_idx = dataset.episode_data_index["from"][ep_index].item()

    language_instruction = dataset.hf_dataset[first_frame_idx]["language_instruction"]
    # TODO (michel-aractingi) hack to get the sentence, some strings in openx are badly stored
    # with the tf.tensor appearing in the string
    return language_instruction.removeprefix("tf.Tensor(b'").removesuffix("', shape=(), dtype=string)")


def get_dataset_info(repo_id: str) -> IterableNamespace:
    response = requests.get(
        f"https://huggingface.co/datasets/{repo_id}/resolve/main/meta/info.json", timeout=5
    )
    response.raise_for_status()  # Raises an HTTPError for bad responses
    dataset_info = response.json()
    dataset_info["repo_id"] = repo_id
    return IterableNamespace(dataset_info)


def visualize_dataset_html(
    dataset: LeRobotDataset | None,
    episodes: list[int] | None = None,
    output_dir: Path | None = None,
    serve: bool = True,
    host: str = "127.0.0.1",
    port: int = 9090,
    force_override: bool = False,
) -> Path | None:
    init_logging()

    template_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "templates"

    if output_dir is None:
        # Create a temporary directory that will be automatically cleaned up
        output_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="lerobot_visualize_dataset_")

    output_dir = Path(output_dir)
    if output_dir.exists():
        if force_override:
            shutil.rmtree(output_dir)
        else:
            logging.info(f"Output directory already exists. Loading from it: '{output_dir}'")

    output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    static_dir = output_dir / "static"
    static_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

    if dataset is None:
        if serve:
            run_server(
                dataset=None,
                episodes=None,
                host=host,
                port=port,
                static_folder=static_dir,
                template_folder=template_dir,
            )
    else:
        # Create a simlink from the dataset video folder containing mp4 files to the output directory
        # so that the http server can get access to the mp4 files.
        if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset):
            ln_videos_dir = static_dir / "videos"
            if not ln_videos_dir.exists():
                ln_videos_dir.symlink_to((dataset.root / "videos").resolve().as_posix())

        if serve:
            run_server(dataset, episodes, host, port, static_dir, template_dir)


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

    parser.add_argument(
        "--repo-id",
        type=str,
        default=None,
        help="Name of hugging face repositery containing a LeRobotDataset dataset (e.g. `lerobot/pusht` for https://huggingface.co/datasets/lerobot/pusht).",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--root",
        type=Path,
        default=None,
        help="Root directory for a dataset stored locally (e.g. `--root data`). By default, the dataset will be loaded from hugging face cache folder, or downloaded from the hub if available.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--load-from-hf-hub",
        type=int,
        default=0,
        help="Load videos and parquet files from HF Hub rather than local system.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--episodes",
        type=int,
        nargs="*",
        default=None,
        help="Episode indices to visualize (e.g. `0 1 5 6` to load episodes of index 0, 1, 5 and 6). By default loads all episodes.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--output-dir",
        type=Path,
        default=None,
        help="Directory path to write html files and kickoff a web server. By default write them to 'outputs/visualize_dataset/REPO_ID'.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--serve",
        type=int,
        default=1,
        help="Launch web server.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--host",
        type=str,
        default="127.0.0.1",
        help="Web host used by the http server.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--port",
        type=int,
        default=9090,
        help="Web port used by the http server.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--force-override",
        type=int,
        default=0,
        help="Delete the output directory if it exists already.",
    )

    parser.add_argument(
        "--tolerance-s",
        type=float,
        default=1e-4,
        help=(
            "Tolerance in seconds used to ensure data timestamps respect the dataset fps value"
            "This is argument passed to the constructor of LeRobotDataset and maps to its tolerance_s constructor argument"
            "If not given, defaults to 1e-4."
        ),
    )

    args = parser.parse_args()
    kwargs = vars(args)
    repo_id = kwargs.pop("repo_id")
    load_from_hf_hub = kwargs.pop("load_from_hf_hub")
    root = kwargs.pop("root")
    tolerance_s = kwargs.pop("tolerance_s")

    dataset = None
    if repo_id:
        dataset = (
            LeRobotDataset(repo_id, root=root, tolerance_s=tolerance_s)
            if not load_from_hf_hub
            else get_dataset_info(repo_id)
        )

    visualize_dataset_html(dataset, **vars(args))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

	#!/usr/bin/env python

	# Copyright 2024 The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
	#
	# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	# You may obtain a copy of the License at
	#
	# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	#
	# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	# limitations under the License.
	""" Visualize data of all frames of any episode of a dataset of type LeRobotDataset.

	Note: The last frame of the episode doesnt always correspond to a final state.
	That's because our datasets are composed of transition from state to state up to
	the antepenultimate state associated to the ultimate action to arrive in the final state.
	However, there might not be a transition from a final state to another state.

	Note: This script aims to visualize the data used to train the neural networks.
	~What you see is what you get~. When visualizing image modality, it is often expected to observe
	lossly compression artifacts since these images have been decoded from compressed mp4 videos to
	save disk space. The compression factor applied has been tuned to not affect success rate.

	Example of usage:

	- Visualize data stored on a local machine:
	```bash
	local$ python lerobot/scripts/visualize_dataset_html.py \
	--repo-id lerobot/pusht

	local$ open http://localhost:9090
	```

	- Visualize data stored on a distant machine with a local viewer:
	```bash
	distant$ python lerobot/scripts/visualize_dataset_html.py \
	--repo-id lerobot/pusht

	local$ ssh -L 9090:localhost:9090 distant # create a ssh tunnel
	local$ open http://localhost:9090
	```

	- Select episodes to visualize:
	```bash
	python lerobot/scripts/visualize_dataset_html.py \
	--repo-id lerobot/pusht \
	--episodes 7 3 5 1 4
	```
	"""

	import argparse
	import csv
	import json
	import logging
	import re
	import shutil
	import tempfile
	from io import StringIO
	from pathlib import Path

	import numpy as np
	import pandas as pd
	import requests
	from flask import Flask, redirect, render_template, request, url_for

	from lerobot import available_datasets
	from lerobot.common.datasets.lerobot_dataset import LeRobotDataset
	from lerobot.common.datasets.utils import IterableNamespace
	from lerobot.common.utils.utils import init_logging


	def run_server(
	dataset: LeRobotDataset \| IterableNamespace \| None,
	episodes: list[int] \| None,
	host: str,
	port: str,
	static_folder: Path,
	template_folder: Path,
	):
	app = Flask(__name__, static_folder=static_folder.resolve(), template_folder=template_folder.resolve())
	app.config["SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT"] = 0 # specifying not to cache

	@app.route("/")
	def hommepage(dataset=dataset):
	if dataset:
	dataset_namespace, dataset_name = dataset.repo_id.split("/")
	return redirect(
	url_for(
	"show_episode",
	dataset_namespace=dataset_namespace,
	dataset_name=dataset_name,
	episode_id=0,
	)
	)

	dataset_param, episode_param = None, None
	all_params = request.args
	if "dataset" in all_params:
	dataset_param = all_params["dataset"]
	if "episode" in all_params:
	episode_param = int(all_params["episode"])

	if dataset_param:
	dataset_namespace, dataset_name = dataset_param.split("/")
	return redirect(
	url_for(
	"show_episode",
	dataset_namespace=dataset_namespace,
	dataset_name=dataset_name,
	episode_id=episode_param if episode_param is not None else 0,
	)
	)

	featured_datasets = [
	"lerobot/aloha_static_cups_open",
	"lerobot/columbia_cairlab_pusht_real",
	"lerobot/taco_play",
	]
	return render_template(
	"visualize_dataset_homepage.html",
	featured_datasets=featured_datasets,
	lerobot_datasets=available_datasets,
	)

	@app.route("/<string:dataset_namespace>/<string:dataset_name>")
	def show_first_episode(dataset_namespace, dataset_name):
	first_episode_id = 0
	return redirect(
	url_for(
	"show_episode",
	dataset_namespace=dataset_namespace,
	dataset_name=dataset_name,
	episode_id=first_episode_id,
	)
	)

	@app.route("/<string:dataset_namespace>/<string:dataset_name>/episode_<int:episode_id>")
	def show_episode(dataset_namespace, dataset_name, episode_id, dataset=dataset, episodes=episodes):
	repo_id = f"{dataset_namespace}/{dataset_name}"
	try:
	if dataset is None:
	dataset = get_dataset_info(repo_id)
	except FileNotFoundError:
	return (
	"Make sure to convert your LeRobotDataset to v2 & above. See how to convert your dataset at https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/pull/461",
	400,
	)
	dataset_version = (
	str(dataset.meta._version) if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset) else dataset.codebase_version
	)
	match = re.search(r"v(\d+)\.", dataset_version)
	if match:
	major_version = int(match.group(1))
	if major_version < 2:
	return "Make sure to convert your LeRobotDataset to v2 & above."

	episode_data_csv_str, columns, ignored_columns = get_episode_data(dataset, episode_id)
	dataset_info = {
	"repo_id": f"{dataset_namespace}/{dataset_name}",
	"num_samples": dataset.num_frames
	if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset)
	else dataset.total_frames,
	"num_episodes": dataset.num_episodes
	if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset)
	else dataset.total_episodes,
	"fps": dataset.fps,
	}
	if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset):
	video_paths = [
	dataset.meta.get_video_file_path(episode_id, key) for key in dataset.meta.video_keys
	]
	videos_info = [
	{
	"url": url_for("static", filename=str(video_path).replace("\\", "/")),
	"filename": video_path.parent.name,
	}
	for video_path in video_paths
	]
	tasks = dataset.meta.episodes[episode_id]["tasks"]
	else:
	video_keys = [key for key, ft in dataset.features.items() if ft["dtype"] == "video"]
	videos_info = [
	{
	"url": f"https://huggingface.co/datasets/{repo_id}/resolve/main/"
	+ dataset.video_path.format(
	episode_chunk=int(episode_id) // dataset.chunks_size,
	video_key=video_key,
	episode_index=episode_id,
	),
	"filename": video_key,
	}
	for video_key in video_keys
	]

	response = requests.get(
	f"https://huggingface.co/datasets/{repo_id}/resolve/main/meta/episodes.jsonl", timeout=5
	)
	response.raise_for_status()
	# Split into lines and parse each line as JSON
	tasks_jsonl = [json.loads(line) for line in response.text.splitlines() if line.strip()]

	filtered_tasks_jsonl = [row for row in tasks_jsonl if row["episode_index"] == episode_id]
	tasks = filtered_tasks_jsonl[0]["tasks"]

	videos_info[0]["language_instruction"] = tasks

	if episodes is None:
	episodes = list(
	range(dataset.num_episodes if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset) else dataset.total_episodes)
	)

	return render_template(
	"visualize_dataset_template.html",
	episode_id=episode_id,
	episodes=episodes,
	dataset_info=dataset_info,
	videos_info=videos_info,
	episode_data_csv_str=episode_data_csv_str,
	columns=columns,
	ignored_columns=ignored_columns,
	)

	app.run(host=host, port=port)


	def get_ep_csv_fname(episode_id: int):
	ep_csv_fname = f"episode_{episode_id}.csv"
	return ep_csv_fname


	def get_episode_data(dataset: LeRobotDataset \| IterableNamespace, episode_index):
	"""Get a csv str containing timeseries data of an episode (e.g. state and action).
	This file will be loaded by Dygraph javascript to plot data in real time."""
	columns = []

	selected_columns = [col for col, ft in dataset.features.items() if ft["dtype"] in ["float32", "int32"]]
	selected_columns.remove("timestamp")

	ignored_columns = []
	for column_name in selected_columns:
	shape = dataset.features[column_name]["shape"]
	shape_dim = len(shape)
	if shape_dim > 1:
	selected_columns.remove(column_name)
	ignored_columns.append(column_name)

	# init header of csv with state and action names
	header = ["timestamp"]

	for column_name in selected_columns:
	dim_state = (
	dataset.meta.shapes[column_name][0]
	if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset)
	else dataset.features[column_name].shape[0]
	)

	if "names" in dataset.features[column_name] and dataset.features[column_name]["names"]:
	column_names = dataset.features[column_name]["names"]
	while not isinstance(column_names, list):
	column_names = list(column_names.values())[0]
	else:
	column_names = [f"{column_name}_{i}" for i in range(dim_state)]
	columns.append({"key": column_name, "value": column_names})

	header += column_names

	selected_columns.insert(0, "timestamp")

	if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset):
	from_idx = dataset.episode_data_index["from"][episode_index]
	to_idx = dataset.episode_data_index["to"][episode_index]
	data = (
	dataset.hf_dataset.select(range(from_idx, to_idx))
	.select_columns(selected_columns)
	.with_format("pandas")
	)
	else:
	repo_id = dataset.repo_id

	url = f"https://huggingface.co/datasets/{repo_id}/resolve/main/" + dataset.data_path.format(
	episode_chunk=int(episode_index) // dataset.chunks_size, episode_index=episode_index
	)
	df = pd.read_parquet(url)
	data = df[selected_columns] # Select specific columns

	rows = np.hstack(
	(
	np.expand_dims(data["timestamp"], axis=1),
	*[np.vstack(data[col]) for col in selected_columns[1:]],
	)
	).tolist()

	# Convert data to CSV string
	csv_buffer = StringIO()
	csv_writer = csv.writer(csv_buffer)
	# Write header
	csv_writer.writerow(header)
	# Write data rows
	csv_writer.writerows(rows)
	csv_string = csv_buffer.getvalue()

	return csv_string, columns, ignored_columns


	def get_episode_video_paths(dataset: LeRobotDataset, ep_index: int) -> list[str]:
	# get first frame of episode (hack to get video_path of the episode)
	first_frame_idx = dataset.episode_data_index["from"][ep_index].item()
	return [
	dataset.hf_dataset.select_columns(key)[first_frame_idx][key]["path"]
	for key in dataset.meta.video_keys
	]


	def get_episode_language_instruction(dataset: LeRobotDataset, ep_index: int) -> list[str]:
	# check if the dataset has language instructions
	if "language_instruction" not in dataset.features:
	return None

	# get first frame index
	first_frame_idx = dataset.episode_data_index["from"][ep_index].item()

	language_instruction = dataset.hf_dataset[first_frame_idx]["language_instruction"]
	# TODO (michel-aractingi) hack to get the sentence, some strings in openx are badly stored
	# with the tf.tensor appearing in the string
	return language_instruction.removeprefix("tf.Tensor(b'").removesuffix("', shape=(), dtype=string)")


	def get_dataset_info(repo_id: str) -> IterableNamespace:
	response = requests.get(
	f"https://huggingface.co/datasets/{repo_id}/resolve/main/meta/info.json", timeout=5
	)
	response.raise_for_status() # Raises an HTTPError for bad responses
	dataset_info = response.json()
	dataset_info["repo_id"] = repo_id
	return IterableNamespace(dataset_info)


	def visualize_dataset_html(
	dataset: LeRobotDataset \| None,
	episodes: list[int] \| None = None,
	output_dir: Path \| None = None,
	serve: bool = True,
	host: str = "127.0.0.1",
	port: int = 9090,
	force_override: bool = False,
	) -> Path \| None:
	init_logging()

	template_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "templates"

	if output_dir is None:
	# Create a temporary directory that will be automatically cleaned up
	output_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="lerobot_visualize_dataset_")

	output_dir = Path(output_dir)
	if output_dir.exists():
	if force_override:
	shutil.rmtree(output_dir)
	else:
	logging.info(f"Output directory already exists. Loading from it: '{output_dir}'")

	output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

	static_dir = output_dir / "static"
	static_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

	if dataset is None:
	if serve:
	run_server(
	dataset=None,
	episodes=None,
	host=host,
	port=port,
	static_folder=static_dir,
	template_folder=template_dir,
	)
	else:
	# Create a simlink from the dataset video folder containing mp4 files to the output directory
	# so that the http server can get access to the mp4 files.
	if isinstance(dataset, LeRobotDataset):
	ln_videos_dir = static_dir / "videos"
	if not ln_videos_dir.exists():
	ln_videos_dir.symlink_to((dataset.root / "videos").resolve().as_posix())

	if serve:
	run_server(dataset, episodes, host, port, static_dir, template_dir)


	def main():
	parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()

	parser.add_argument(
	"--repo-id",
	type=str,
	default=None,
	help="Name of hugging face repositery containing a LeRobotDataset dataset (e.g. `lerobot/pusht` for https://huggingface.co/datasets/lerobot/pusht).",
	)
	parser.add_argument(
	"--root",
	type=Path,
	default=None,
	help="Root directory for a dataset stored locally (e.g. `--root data`). By default, the dataset will be loaded from hugging face cache folder, or downloaded from the hub if available.",
	)
	parser.add_argument(
	"--load-from-hf-hub",
	type=int,
	default=0,
	help="Load videos and parquet files from HF Hub rather than local system.",
	)
	parser.add_argument(
	"--episodes",
	type=int,
	nargs="*",
	default=None,
	help="Episode indices to visualize (e.g. `0 1 5 6` to load episodes of index 0, 1, 5 and 6). By default loads all episodes.",
	)
	parser.add_argument(
	"--output-dir",
	type=Path,
	default=None,
	help="Directory path to write html files and kickoff a web server. By default write them to 'outputs/visualize_dataset/REPO_ID'.",
	)
	parser.add_argument(
	"--serve",
	type=int,
	default=1,
	help="Launch web server.",
	)
	parser.add_argument(
	"--host",
	type=str,
	default="127.0.0.1",
	help="Web host used by the http server.",
	)
	parser.add_argument(
	"--port",
	type=int,
	default=9090,
	help="Web port used by the http server.",
	)
	parser.add_argument(
	"--force-override",
	type=int,
	default=0,
	help="Delete the output directory if it exists already.",
	)

	parser.add_argument(
	"--tolerance-s",
	type=float,
	default=1e-4,
	help=(
	"Tolerance in seconds used to ensure data timestamps respect the dataset fps value"
	"This is argument passed to the constructor of LeRobotDataset and maps to its tolerance_s constructor argument"
	"If not given, defaults to 1e-4."
	),
	)

	args = parser.parse_args()
	kwargs = vars(args)
	repo_id = kwargs.pop("repo_id")
	load_from_hf_hub = kwargs.pop("load_from_hf_hub")
	root = kwargs.pop("root")
	tolerance_s = kwargs.pop("tolerance_s")

	dataset = None
	if repo_id:
	dataset = (
	LeRobotDataset(repo_id, root=root, tolerance_s=tolerance_s)
	if not load_from_hf_hub
	else get_dataset_info(repo_id)
	)

	visualize_dataset_html(dataset, **vars(args))


	if __name__ == "__main__":
	main()