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1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-cml-alternative-embedding | problem | wikipedia-cml-alternative-embedding | Alternative-algebra embeddings of exponent-three commutative Moufang loops | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "algebra",
"slug": "algebra",
"name": "Algebra",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | Can every finite commutative Moufang loop of exponent three embed into a commutative alternative algebra? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-loops",
"name": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Embedding_CMLs_of_period_3_into_alternative_algebras",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of problems ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Can every finite commutative Moufang loop of exponent three embed into a commutative alternative algebra? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algebra",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory: Alternative-algebra embeddings of exponent-three commutative Moufang loops (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Embedding_CMLs_of_period_3_into... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Embedding_CMLs_of_period_3_into_alternative_algebras",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection in... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:40.764Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"810e47d0-3989-4a76-aa11-1020892b42dc","format_issues":null,"number":9556} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-consistent-quantum-gravity | problem | wikipedia-consistent-quantum-gravity | A consistent quantum theory of gravity | {
"main": "physics",
"sub": "mathematical physics",
"slug": "mathematical-physics",
"name": "Mathematical physics",
"original_discipline": "physics"
} | [] | [] | Construct a quantum description of gravity with a controlled classical limit reproducing general relativity and experimentally distinguishable predictions. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-physics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Physics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics#Quantum_gravity",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Physics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC BY-SA 4.0.",
... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Construct a quantum description of gravity with a controlled classical limit reproducing general relativity and experimentally distinguishable predictions. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"mathematical-physics",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Physics: A consistent quantum theory of gravity (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics#Quantum_gravity",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikip... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics#Quantum_gravity",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status h... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.706Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"78fd4b42-6771-4082-a7d3-16738644b1fb","format_issues":null,"number":9480} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-crouzeix-conjecture | problem | wikipedia-crouzeix-conjecture | Crouzeix's conjecture | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "algebra",
"slug": "algebra",
"name": "Algebra",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | For every complex square matrix $A$ and polynomial $p$, is $\|p(A)\|_2\leq 2\max_{z\in W(A)}|p(z)|$, where $W(A)=\{x^*Ax:\|x\|_2=1\}$? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-mathematics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Mathematics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Mathematics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC BY-SA ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | For every complex square matrix $A$ and polynomial $p$, is $\|p(A)\|_2\leq 2\max_{z\in W(A)}|p(z)|$, where $W(A)=\{x^*Ax:\|x\|_2=1\}$? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algebra",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Mathematics: Crouzeix's conjecture (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has n... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:43.386Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"9e55f3b4-daca-4ea2-b4db-00d682d096ca","format_issues":null,"number":9462} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-dependent-p-value-combination | problem | wikipedia-dependent-p-value-combination | Combining dependent p-values | {
"main": "statistics",
"sub": "statistical inference",
"slug": "statistical-inference",
"name": "Statistical inference",
"original_discipline": "statistics"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "62",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: statistical-inference"
}
] | Develop calibrated ways to combine dependent p-values when their joint dependence is only partially known, and characterize the resulting validity–power tradeoffs. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-statistics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Statistics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_statistics#Inference_and_testing",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Statistics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09;... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Develop calibrated ways to combine dependent p-values when their joint dependence is only partially known, and characterize the resulting validity–power tradeoffs. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"statistical-inference",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Statistics: Combining dependent p-values (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_statistics#Inference_and_testing",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wik... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_statistics#Inference_and_testing",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.530Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"5d062fc0-be86-4270-87db-683a3b8f7906","format_issues":null,"number":9478} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-earth-long-term-heat-budget | problem | wikipedia-earth-long-term-heat-budget | Earth's long-term heat budget | {
"main": "geoscience",
"sub": "earth sciences",
"slug": "earth-sciences",
"name": "Earth sciences",
"original_discipline": "geoscience"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "86",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: earth-sciences"
}
] | Reconstruct Earth's internal thermal history and constrain the relative contributions of primordial heat and radiogenic heating. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-geoscience",
"name": "Wikipedia — Geoscience",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Early_Earth_and_the_Solar_System",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Geoscience. Adapted selection, accessed ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Reconstruct Earth's internal thermal history and constrain the relative contributions of primordial heat and radiogenic heating. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"earth-sciences",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Geoscience: Earth's long-term heat budget (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Early_Earth_and_the_Solar_System",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"cit... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Early_Earth_and_the_Solar_System",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Curre... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.725Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"d219bce7-c564-4927-a2e5-1478b7e7844d","format_issues":null,"number":9498} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-emergence-of-genetic-code | problem | wikipedia-emergence-of-genetic-code | Origin of the genetic code | {
"main": "biology",
"sub": "evolution and origins",
"slug": "evolution-and-origins",
"name": "Evolution and origins of life",
"original_discipline": "biology"
} | [] | [] | Explain the emergence of codon–amino-acid assignments and the molecular coupling between nucleic-acid templates and peptide synthesis in early life. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-biology",
"name": "Wikipedia — Biology",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Biology. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Explain the emergence of codon–amino-acid assignments and the molecular coupling between nucleic-acid templates and peptide synthesis in early life. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"evolution-and-origins",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Biology: Origin of the genetic code (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wik... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current res... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.247Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"88fa7a24-0ef9-4978-8884-316e2a813c10","format_issues":null,"number":9490} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-envy-free-cake-query-complexity | problem | wikipedia-envy-free-cake-query-complexity | Query complexity of complete envy-free cake division | {
"main": "economics",
"sub": "mathematical economics",
"slug": "mathematical-economics",
"name": "Mathematical economics and game theory",
"original_discipline": "economics"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "91B",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: mathematical-economics"
}
] | Determine the worst-case number of Robertson–Webb value and cut queries needed for an exact envy-free allocation of an entire interval among $n$ agents with nonatomic additive valuations. Disconnected pieces are allowed. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-fair-division",
"name": "Wikipedia — Fair division",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_fair_division#Query_complexity_of_envy-free_cake-cutting",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Fair division. Adapte... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Determine the worst-case number of Robertson–Webb value and cut queries needed for an exact envy-free allocation of an entire interval among $n$ agents with nonatomic additive valuations. Disconnected pieces are allowed. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"mathematical-economics",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Fair division: Query complexity of complete envy-free cake division (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_fair_division#Query_complexity_of_envy-free_cake-cutting",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_fair_division#Query_complexity_of_envy-free_cake-cutting",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 Septembe... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:50.098Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"ac308abe-875f-4cba-b6f9-92885422da7d","format_issues":null,"number":9508} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-explaining-equity-premium | problem | wikipedia-explaining-equity-premium | Explaining the equity premium | {
"main": "economics",
"sub": "economic theory",
"slug": "economic-theory",
"name": "Economic theory and empirical puzzles",
"original_discipline": "economics"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "91B",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: economic-theory"
}
] | Explain the historical excess return of equities over relatively safe bonds within empirically defensible models of preferences, risk and market structure. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-economics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Economics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_economics#Financial_economics",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Economics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC BY... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Explain the historical excess return of equities over relatively safe bonds within empirically defensible models of preferences, risk and market structure. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"economic-theory",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Economics: Explaining the equity premium (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_economics#Financial_economics",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipe... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_economics#Financial_economics",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research st... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:50.004Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"62262c61-7e7c-4139-83cc-bf7782b48841","format_issues":null,"number":9506} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-finite-alternative-inverses | problem | wikipedia-finite-alternative-inverses | Two-sided inverses in finite alternative loops | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "algebra",
"slug": "algebra",
"name": "Algebra",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | In every finite alternative loop, must each element's left and right inverses coincide? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-loops",
"name": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Does_every_finite_alternative_loop_have_2-sided_inverses?",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of prob... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | In every finite alternative loop, must each element's left and right inverses coincide? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algebra",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory: Two-sided inverses in finite alternative loops (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Does_every_finite_alternative_loop_have_2-sided_inverses?",... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Does_every_finite_alternative_loop_have_2-sided_inverses?",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selecti... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:41.214Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"62e71f15-7d04-475c-a7ac-bc2a522c39a5","format_issues":null,"number":9560} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-finite-lattice-representation | problem | wikipedia-finite-lattice-representation | Finite lattice representation problem | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "algebra",
"slug": "algebra",
"name": "Algebra",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | Is each finite lattice isomorphic to the lattice of congruence relations of some finite algebra? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-mathematics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Mathematics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Mathematics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC BY-SA ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Is each finite lattice isomorphic to the lattice of congruence relations of some finite algebra? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algebra",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Mathematics: Finite lattice representation problem (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipe... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has n... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:46.883Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"c2c0d3b6-b202-424a-94bc-0190e7c686d1","format_issues":null,"number":9463} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-finite-simple-automorphic | problem | wikipedia-finite-simple-automorphic | Existence of finite simple nonassociative automorphic loops | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "algebra",
"slug": "algebra",
"name": "Algebra",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | Can a finite simple automorphic loop fail to be associative? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-loops",
"name": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Finite_simple_nonassociative_automorphic_loop",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of problems in loop... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Can a finite simple automorphic loop fail to be associative? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algebra",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory: Existence of finite simple nonassociative automorphic loops (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Finite_simple_nonassociative_automorphic_loop"... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Finite_simple_nonassociative_automorphic_loop",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:41.332Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"b36747f1-240e-47d6-9d1b-87d1da4b3eda","format_issues":null,"number":9561} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-general-broadcast-capacity | problem | wikipedia-general-broadcast-capacity | General broadcast-channel capacity region | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "control and information",
"slug": "control-and-information",
"name": "Control and information theory",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | Characterize the achievable rate pairs for two independent private messages sent through an arbitrary discrete memoryless broadcast channel from one transmitter to two receivers. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-information-theory",
"name": "Wikipedia — Information theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Channel_coding",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Information theory. Adapted select... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Characterize the achievable rate pairs for two independent private messages sent through an arbitrary discrete memoryless broadcast channel from one transmitter to two receivers. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"control-and-information",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Information theory: General broadcast-channel capacity region (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Channel_coding",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website"... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Channel_coding",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current researc... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.162Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"4cbb3252-df1f-4527-9cd9-ef05241b51ac","format_issues":null,"number":9474} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-general-spacetime-holography | problem | wikipedia-general-spacetime-holography | Holography beyond asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime | {
"main": "physics",
"sub": "mathematical physics",
"slug": "mathematical-physics",
"name": "Mathematical physics",
"original_discipline": "physics"
} | [] | [] | Formulate and test holographic descriptions for quantum gravity with de Sitter or other non-AdS asymptotic boundary conditions. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-physics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Physics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics#Quantum_gravity",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Physics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC BY-SA 4.0.",
... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Formulate and test holographic descriptions for quantum gravity with de Sitter or other non-AdS asymptotic boundary conditions. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"mathematical-physics",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Physics: Holography beyond asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics#Quantum_gravity",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics#Quantum_gravity",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status h... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.876Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"115cadf0-a4f6-4518-8aac-f49ed3f9f8e5","format_issues":null,"number":9482} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-graph-canonization-equivalence | problem | wikipedia-graph-canonization-equivalence | Graph canonization versus graph isomorphism | {
"main": "computer science",
"sub": "algorithms",
"slug": "algorithms",
"name": "Algorithms and data structures",
"original_discipline": "computer-science"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "68W",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: algorithms"
}
] | Is computing a canonical representative of a finite graph polynomial-time reducible to deciding graph isomorphism? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-computer-science",
"name": "Wikipedia — Computer science",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Polynomial_versus_nondeterministic-polynomial_time_for_specific_algorithmic_problems",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors,... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Is computing a canonical representative of a finite graph polynomial-time reducible to deciding graph isomorphism? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algorithms",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Computer science: Graph canonization versus graph isomorphism (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Polynomial_versus_nondeterministic-polynomial_time_for_specific_algorithmic_problems",
... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Polynomial_versus_nondeterministic-polynomial_time_for_specific_algorithmic_problems",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note":... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:47.821Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"38105cb5-ada0-4bfd-ba86-aac759c09a6e","format_issues":null,"number":9470} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-iapetus-equatorial-ridge | problem | wikipedia-iapetus-equatorial-ridge | Origin of Iapetus's equatorial ridge | {
"main": "astronomy",
"sub": "astronomy",
"slug": "astronomy",
"name": "Astronomy and solar physics",
"original_discipline": "astronomy"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "85",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: astronomy"
}
] | Determine which formation history accounts for the equatorial mountain ridge on Iapetus, discriminating internal evolution from deposited orbiting material. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-astronomy",
"name": "Wikipedia — Astronomy",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Solar_System",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Astronomy. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC BY-SA 4.0... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Determine which formation history accounts for the equatorial mountain ridge on Iapetus, discriminating internal evolution from deposited orbiting material. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"astronomy",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Astronomy: Origin of Iapetus's equatorial ridge (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Solar_System",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipe... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Solar_System",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status ha... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.146Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"7aaa6550-73ad-4ad1-8202-01c147fd286c","format_issues":null,"number":9487} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-jacobson-radical-powers | problem | wikipedia-jacobson-radical-powers | Jacobson's radical conjecture | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "algebra",
"slug": "algebra",
"name": "Algebra",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | For every ring $R$ that is both left and right Noetherian, does its Jacobson radical satisfy $\bigcap_{n\geq1}J(R)^n=\{0\}$? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-mathematics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Mathematics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Mathematics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC BY-SA ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | For every ring $R$ that is both left and right Noetherian, does its Jacobson radical satisfy $\bigcap_{n\geq1}J(R)^n=\{0\}$? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algebra",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Mathematics: Jacobson's radical conjecture (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia cont... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has n... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:46.972Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"7a1ac1fc-aa65-464c-855e-2f350862311f","format_issues":null,"number":9464} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-l-versus-nl | problem | wikipedia-l-versus-nl | L versus NL | {
"main": "computer science",
"sub": "computational complexity",
"slug": "computational-complexity",
"name": "Computational complexity",
"original_discipline": "computer-science"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "68Q",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: computational-complexity"
}
] | Can every language decidable in nondeterministic logarithmic space also be decided in deterministic logarithmic space? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-computer-science",
"name": "Wikipedia — Computer science",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Computational_complexity",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Computer science. Adapted sele... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Can every language decidable in nondeterministic logarithmic space also be decided in deterministic logarithmic space? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"computational-complexity",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Computer science: L versus NL (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Computational_complexity",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikip... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Computational_complexity",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:47.601Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"253a431c-f959-4900-8863-489e1ef8066e","format_issues":null,"number":9468} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-landscape-topographic-decay | problem | wikipedia-landscape-topographic-decay | Timescales of topographic decay | {
"main": "geoscience",
"sub": "earth sciences",
"slug": "earth-sciences",
"name": "Earth sciences",
"original_discipline": "geoscience"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "86",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: earth-sciences"
}
] | Develop quantitative explanations for how relief can persist in ancient landscapes and identify which erosion, transport and tectonic processes control its decay. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-geoscience",
"name": "Wikipedia — Geoscience",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Topography_and_environment",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Geoscience. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-0... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Develop quantitative explanations for how relief can persist in ancient landscapes and identify which erosion, transport and tectonic processes control its decay. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"earth-sciences",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Geoscience: Timescales of topographic decay (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Topography_and_environment",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citatio... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Topography_and_environment",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current res... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.759Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"389b48bd-6f88-468f-a47d-0a6099f4fed7","format_issues":null,"number":9499} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-long-barker-sequences | problem | wikipedia-long-barker-sequences | Barker sequences beyond length thirteen | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "combinatorics",
"slug": "combinatorics",
"name": "Combinatorics",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "05",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: combinatorics"
}
] | Can a sequence $a_1,\ldots,a_n\in\{-1,1\}$ with $n>13$ satisfy $|\sum_{i=1}^{n-k}a_i a_{i+k}|\leq1$ for every $1\leq k<n$? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-mathematics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Mathematics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Mathematics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC BY-SA ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Can a sequence $a_1,\ldots,a_n\in\{-1,1\}$ with $n>13$ satisfy $|\sum_{i=1}^{n-k}a_i a_{i+k}|\leq1$ for every $1\leq k<n$? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"combinatorics",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Mathematics: Barker sequences beyond length thirteen (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wiki... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Algebra",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has n... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:47.111Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"decaefc2-00fe-41b6-b254-36ed5cce3f5b","format_issues":null,"number":9465} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-lossy-distributed-source-coding | problem | wikipedia-lossy-distributed-source-coding | General lossy distributed source coding | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "control and information",
"slug": "control-and-information",
"name": "Control and information theory",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | Determine the rate–distortion region for correlated memoryless sources encoded separately and reconstructed jointly under prescribed distortion constraints. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-information-theory",
"name": "Wikipedia — Information theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Source_coding",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Information theory. Adapted selecti... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Determine the rate–distortion region for correlated memoryless sources encoded separately and reconstructed jointly under prescribed distortion constraints. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"control-and-information",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Information theory: General lossy distributed source coding (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Source_coding",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Source_coding",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.497Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"c3a85cdd-7da8-42a4-b658-28116a65c645","format_issues":null,"number":9477} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-maintenance-sexual-reproduction | problem | wikipedia-maintenance-sexual-reproduction | Maintenance of sexual reproduction | {
"main": "biology",
"sub": "evolution and origins",
"slug": "evolution-and-origins",
"name": "Evolution and origins of life",
"original_discipline": "biology"
} | [] | [] | Determine which selective mechanisms sustain sexual reproduction across populations despite its costs, and distinguish their contributions empirically. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-biology",
"name": "Wikipedia — Biology",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Biology. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Determine which selective mechanisms sustain sexual reproduction across populations despite its costs, and distinguish their contributions empirically. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"evolution-and-origins",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Biology: Maintenance of sexual reproduction (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citatio... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current res... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.308Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"b894502d-dc84-4943-85c9-441d54b09774","format_issues":null,"number":9491} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-memory-storage-and-retrieval | problem | wikipedia-memory-storage-and-retrieval | Mechanisms of memory storage and retrieval | {
"main": "biology",
"sub": "neuroscience",
"slug": "neuroscience",
"name": "Neuroscience",
"original_discipline": "biology"
} | [] | [] | Explain how memories are physically encoded, maintained and retrieved across interacting synapses, cells and brain circuits. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-neuroscience",
"name": "Wikipedia — Neuroscience",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Learning_and_memory",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Neuroscience. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Explain how memories are physically encoded, maintained and retrieved across interacting synapses, cells and brain circuits. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"neuroscience",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Neuroscience: Mechanisms of memory storage and retrieval (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Learning_and_memory",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Learning_and_memory",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.874Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"1623588d-02ad-416c-8bbe-7bab8736a257","format_issues":null,"number":9503} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-molecular-synaptic-tagging | problem | wikipedia-molecular-synaptic-tagging | Molecular basis of synaptic tagging | {
"main": "biology",
"sub": "neuroscience",
"slug": "neuroscience",
"name": "Neuroscience",
"original_discipline": "biology"
} | [] | [] | Identify the molecular mechanisms that tag recently activated synapses and enable selective capture of products supporting persistent plasticity. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-neuroscience",
"name": "Wikipedia — Neuroscience",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Learning_and_memory",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Neuroscience. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Identify the molecular mechanisms that tag recently activated synapses and enable selective capture of products supporting persistent plasticity. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"neuroscience",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Neuroscience: Molecular basis of synaptic tagging (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Learning_and_memory",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citati... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Learning_and_memory",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.935Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"c4a5ec95-717d-43d7-a1de-0f55ab8771d6","format_issues":null,"number":9504} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-moufang-frattini | problem | wikipedia-moufang-frattini | Normality and nilpotency of Moufang Frattini subloops | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "algebra",
"slug": "algebra",
"name": "Algebra",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | In a finite Moufang loop, must the intersection of its maximal proper subloops be both normal and nilpotent? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-loops",
"name": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Frattini_subloop_for_Moufang_loops",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of problems in loop theory and... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | In a finite Moufang loop, must the intersection of its maximal proper subloops be both normal and nilpotent? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algebra",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory: Normality and nilpotency of Moufang Frattini subloops (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Frattini_subloop_for_Moufang_loops",
"note": nul... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#Frattini_subloop_for_Moufang_loops",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 Septe... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:40.801Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"1955b211-912b-422c-92d1-bf0877cdb6d2","format_issues":null,"number":9557} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-moufang-restricted-burnside | problem | wikipedia-moufang-restricted-burnside | Restricted Burnside bounds for Moufang loops | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "algebra",
"slug": "algebra",
"name": "Algebra",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | Are orders of finite $m$-generated Moufang loops of exponent $n$ bounded by a function of $m,n$ alone? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-loops",
"name": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#The_restricted_Burnside_problem_for_Moufang_loops",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of problems in ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Are orders of finite $m$-generated Moufang loops of exponent $n$ bounded by a function of $m,n$ alone? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algebra",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory: Restricted Burnside bounds for Moufang loops (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#The_restricted_Burnside_problem_for_Moufang_loops",
"note... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#The_restricted_Burnside_problem_for_Moufang_loops",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspe... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:40.921Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"b3a91594-8cff-4ea4-a1a2-c54ccfb11b77","format_issues":null,"number":9558} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-moufang-sanov-hall | problem | wikipedia-moufang-sanov-hall | Finiteness of finitely generated Moufang loops of exponent four or six | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "algebra",
"slug": "algebra",
"name": "Algebra",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | Must a finitely generated Moufang loop be finite if its exponent is four or six? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-loops",
"name": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#The_Sanov_and_M._Hall_theorems_for_Moufang_loops",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of problems in l... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Must a finitely generated Moufang loop be finite if its exponent is four or six? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algebra",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Loop theory and quasigroup theory: Finiteness of finitely generated Moufang loops of exponent four or six (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#The_Sanov_and_M._Hall_theorems_for_... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_problems_in_loop_theory_and_quasigroup_theory#The_Sanov_and_M._Hall_theorems_for_Moufang_loops",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspec... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:22.424Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T15:08:41.043Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"29202942-1318-40a7-bcd4-f73d5a1e2b32","format_issues":null,"number":9559} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-multiple-testing-dependence-power | problem | wikipedia-multiple-testing-dependence-power | Power and dependence in multiple testing | {
"main": "statistics",
"sub": "statistical inference",
"slug": "statistical-inference",
"name": "Statistical inference",
"original_discipline": "statistics"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "62",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: statistical-inference"
}
] | Characterize attainable power when controlling a specified family-wise error rate or false-discovery rate across many dependent tests, under explicitly stated dependence assumptions. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-statistics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Statistics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_statistics#Inference_and_testing",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Statistics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09;... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Characterize attainable power when controlling a specified family-wise error rate or false-discovery rate across many dependent tests, under explicitly stated dependence assumptions. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"statistical-inference",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Statistics: Power and dependence in multiple testing (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_statistics#Inference_and_testing",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"cit... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_statistics#Inference_and_testing",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.645Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"403354fb-7ecb-4eed-944b-8202c5832299","format_issues":null,"number":9479} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-nc-versus-p | problem | wikipedia-nc-versus-p | NC versus P | {
"main": "computer science",
"sub": "computational complexity",
"slug": "computational-complexity",
"name": "Computational complexity",
"original_discipline": "computer-science"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "68Q",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: computational-complexity"
}
] | Does every problem decidable in polynomial time admit a uniform family of polynomial-size Boolean circuits of polylogarithmic depth? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-computer-science",
"name": "Wikipedia — Computer science",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Computational_complexity",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Computer science. Adapted sele... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Does every problem decidable in polynomial time admit a uniform family of polynomial-size Boolean circuits of polylogarithmic depth? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"computational-complexity",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Computer science: NC versus P (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Computational_complexity",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikip... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Computational_complexity",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:47.466Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"e66f541a-564f-43ba-a047-11330473a08e","format_issues":null,"number":9467} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-neural-feature-binding | problem | wikipedia-neural-feature-binding | Neural mechanisms of perceptual binding | {
"main": "biology",
"sub": "neuroscience",
"slug": "neuroscience",
"name": "Neuroscience",
"original_discipline": "biology"
} | [] | [] | Identify how neural representations of separate sensory features are combined into a coherent percept and distinguish competing mechanisms experimentally. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-neuroscience",
"name": "Wikipedia — Neuroscience",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Consciousness",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Neuroscience. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09;... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Identify how neural representations of separate sensory features are combined into a coherent percept and distinguish competing mechanisms experimentally. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"neuroscience",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Neuroscience: Neural mechanisms of perceptual binding (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Consciousness",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Consciousness",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research statu... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.840Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"f7650cea-836c-4bd5-9c31-ae2a95850158","format_issues":null,"number":9502} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-neural-reward-effort-integration | problem | wikipedia-neural-reward-effort-integration | Neural integration of reward and effort | {
"main": "biology",
"sub": "neuroscience",
"slug": "neuroscience",
"name": "Neuroscience",
"original_discipline": "biology"
} | [] | [] | Determine how brain circuits represent and combine expected reward and effort costs to select actions, and how experience changes these computations. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-neuroscience",
"name": "Wikipedia — Neuroscience",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Learning_and_memory",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Neuroscience. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Determine how brain circuits represent and combine expected reward and effort costs to select actions, and how experience changes these computations. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"neuroscience",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Neuroscience: Neural integration of reward and effort (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Learning_and_memory",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"ci... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_neuroscience#Learning_and_memory",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.969Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"0f698049-8974-4fb4-bd74-135931bbec94","format_issues":null,"number":9505} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-on-water-reaction-acceleration | problem | wikipedia-on-water-reaction-acceleration | Reaction acceleration at water–organic interfaces | {
"main": "chemistry",
"sub": "chemical sciences",
"slug": "chemical-sciences",
"name": "Chemical sciences",
"original_discipline": "chemistry"
} | [] | [] | Determine which molecular mechanisms explain accelerated rates of particular organic reactions at water–organic interfaces and predict when the acceleration occurs. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-chemistry",
"name": "Wikipedia — Chemistry",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_chemistry#Organic_chemistry_problems",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Chemistry. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Determine which molecular mechanisms explain accelerated rates of particular organic reactions at water–organic interfaces and predict when the acceleration occurs. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"chemical-sciences",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Chemistry: Reaction acceleration at water–organic interfaces (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_chemistry#Organic_chemistry_problems",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "websit... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_chemistry#Organic_chemistry_problems",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current rese... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.629Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"a7520fbc-1373-401e-b2f1-274190b0167b","format_issues":null,"number":9496} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-origin-of-lipid-divide | problem | wikipedia-origin-of-lipid-divide | Origin of the lipid divide | {
"main": "biology",
"sub": "evolution and origins",
"slug": "evolution-and-origins",
"name": "Evolution and origins of life",
"original_discipline": "biology"
} | [] | [] | Explain the evolutionary origin of the opposite glycerophosphate stereochemistry of archaeal and bacterial membranes and its implications for early cellular evolution. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-biology",
"name": "Wikipedia — Biology",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Biology. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Explain the evolutionary origin of the opposite glycerophosphate stereochemistry of archaeal and bacterial membranes and its implications for early cellular evolution. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"evolution-and-origins",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Biology: Origin of the lipid divide (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wik... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current res... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.426Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"be727fff-3f0c-44e2-8f64-2c6041cd2af1","format_issues":null,"number":9493} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-origins-of-viral-lineages | problem | wikipedia-origins-of-viral-lineages | Origins of viral lineages | {
"main": "biology",
"sub": "evolution and origins",
"slug": "evolution-and-origins",
"name": "Evolution and origins of life",
"original_discipline": "biology"
} | [] | [] | Reconstruct how major viral lineages arose and their evolutionary relationships to cellular organisms and other replicating genetic elements. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-biology",
"name": "Wikipedia — Biology",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Biology. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Reconstruct how major viral lineages arose and their evolutionary relationships to cellular organisms and other replicating genetic elements. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"evolution-and-origins",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Biology: Origins of viral lineages (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wiki... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current res... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.342Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"7f9fb86e-c56d-4b69-bd5c-13873014ac17","format_issues":null,"number":9492} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-outer-core-light-elements | problem | wikipedia-outer-core-light-elements | Light elements in Earth's outer core | {
"main": "geoscience",
"sub": "earth sciences",
"slug": "earth-sciences",
"name": "Earth sciences",
"original_discipline": "geoscience"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "86",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: earth-sciences"
}
] | Determine the identities, abundances and spatial distribution of light alloying elements in Earth's outer core and their consequences for its dynamics. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-geoscience",
"name": "Wikipedia — Geoscience",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Structure_of_crust,_mantle,_and_core",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Geoscience. Adapted selection, acces... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Determine the identities, abundances and spatial distribution of light alloying elements in Earth's outer core and their consequences for its dynamics. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"earth-sciences",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Geoscience: Light elements in Earth's outer core (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Structure_of_crust,_mantle,_and_core",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Structure_of_crust,_mantle,_and_core",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. C... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.772Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"de0e60bd-0cab-4661-890c-8dcbff11faff","format_issues":null,"number":9500} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-ph-versus-pspace | problem | wikipedia-ph-versus-pspace | PH versus PSPACE | {
"main": "computer science",
"sub": "computational complexity",
"slug": "computational-complexity",
"name": "Computational complexity",
"original_discipline": "computer-science"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "68Q",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: computational-complexity"
}
] | Does the polynomial hierarchy equal the class of languages decidable using polynomial space? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-computer-science",
"name": "Wikipedia — Computer science",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Computational_complexity",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Computer science. Adapted sele... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Does the polynomial hierarchy equal the class of languages decidable using polynomial space? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"computational-complexity",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Computer science: PH versus PSPACE (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Computational_complexity",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Computational_complexity",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:47.763Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"9e51cdbf-d4cb-4e9e-9ca9-91420eba2c22","format_issues":null,"number":9469} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-physical-cosmic-censorship | problem | wikipedia-physical-cosmic-censorship | Cosmic censorship for physical initial data | {
"main": "physics",
"sub": "mathematical physics",
"slug": "mathematical-physics",
"name": "Mathematical physics",
"original_discipline": "physics"
} | [] | [] | Identify precise generic initial-data and matter assumptions under which gravitational collapse cannot produce singularities visible to distant observers, or construct counterexamples within those assumptions. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-physics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Physics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics#Quantum_gravity",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Physics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC BY-SA 4.0.",
... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Identify precise generic initial-data and matter assumptions under which gravitational collapse cannot produce singularities visible to distant observers, or construct counterexamples within those assumptions. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"mathematical-physics",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Physics: Cosmic censorship for physical initial data (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics#Quantum_gravity",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics#Quantum_gravity",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status h... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.933Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"ce474a20-f3e0-441b-a98a-d8a74013af00","format_issues":null,"number":9483} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-planet-formation-timescales | problem | wikipedia-planet-formation-timescales | Timescales of planet formation | {
"main": "astronomy",
"sub": "astronomy",
"slug": "astronomy",
"name": "Astronomy and solar physics",
"original_discipline": "astronomy"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "85",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: astronomy"
}
] | Constrain how rapidly planets assemble in different environments and identify observations that distinguish competing formation pathways. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-astronomy",
"name": "Wikipedia — Astronomy",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Extra-solar_and_exoplanets",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Astronomy. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Constrain how rapidly planets assemble in different environments and identify observations that distinguish competing formation pathways. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"astronomy",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Astronomy: Timescales of planet formation (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Extra-solar_and_exoplanets",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation":... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Extra-solar_and_exoplanets",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current rese... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.211Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"d33ef088-e5d8-4ada-9497-3f5f4a2149c9","format_issues":null,"number":9489} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-planetary-system-architectures | problem | wikipedia-planetary-system-architectures | Origin of planetary-system architectures | {
"main": "astronomy",
"sub": "astronomy",
"slug": "astronomy",
"name": "Astronomy and solar physics",
"original_discipline": "astronomy"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "85",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: astronomy"
}
] | Explain the observed diversity of planetary masses and orbits and infer how common Solar-System-like architectures are after accounting for observational selection. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-astronomy",
"name": "Wikipedia — Astronomy",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Extra-solar_and_exoplanets",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Astronomy. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Explain the observed diversity of planetary masses and orbits and infer how common Solar-System-like architectures are after accounting for observational selection. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"astronomy",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Astronomy: Origin of planetary-system architectures (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Extra-solar_and_exoplanets",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Extra-solar_and_exoplanets",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current rese... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.153Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"73a4d4e1-aa69-4c2a-8dfb-fa6e19bd4d2b","format_issues":null,"number":9488} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-polynomial-parity-games | problem | wikipedia-polynomial-parity-games | Polynomial-time parity games | {
"main": "computer science",
"sub": "algorithms",
"slug": "algorithms",
"name": "Algorithms and data structures",
"original_discipline": "computer-science"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "68W",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: algorithms"
}
] | Can the winner from each vertex of a finite parity game be computed in time polynomial in the game's input size? | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-computer-science",
"name": "Wikipedia — Computer science",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Polynomial_versus_nondeterministic-polynomial_time_for_specific_algorithmic_problems",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors,... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Can the winner from each vertex of a finite parity game be computed in time polynomial in the game's input size? | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"algorithms",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Computer science: Polynomial-time parity games (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Polynomial_versus_nondeterministic-polynomial_time_for_specific_algorithmic_problems",
"note": nul... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science#Polynomial_versus_nondeterministic-polynomial_time_for_specific_algorithmic_problems",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note":... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:47.959Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"9fe31d69-af5b-4abc-9ace-50d57c8dc4b2","format_issues":null,"number":9471} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-reconstructing-luca | problem | wikipedia-reconstructing-luca | Reconstructing the last universal common ancestor | {
"main": "biology",
"sub": "evolution and origins",
"slug": "evolution-and-origins",
"name": "Evolution and origins of life",
"original_discipline": "biology"
} | [] | [] | Infer the cellular, metabolic and genetic properties of the common ancestor of archaea and bacteria while accounting for horizontal transfer and subsequent gene loss. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-biology",
"name": "Wikipedia — Biology",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Biology. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Infer the cellular, metabolic and genetic properties of the common ancestor of archaea and bacteria while accounting for horizontal transfer and subsequent gene loss. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"evolution-and-origins",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Biology: Reconstructing the last universal common ancestor (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_biology#Evolution_and_origins_of_life",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current res... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.513Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"5cf94ba3-0c8b-4672-9443-0b7d88de6659","format_issues":null,"number":9494} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-shortest-superpermutations | problem | wikipedia-shortest-superpermutations | Shortest superpermutations | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "combinatorics",
"slug": "combinatorics",
"name": "Combinatorics",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "05",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: combinatorics"
}
] | For general $n$, determine the shortest word on $n$ symbols containing every permutation of those symbols as a contiguous substring. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-mathematics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Mathematics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Combinatorics",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Mathematics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC ... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | For general $n$, determine the shortest word on $n$ symbols containing every permutation of those symbols as a contiguous substring. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"combinatorics",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Mathematics: Shortest superpermutations (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Combinatorics",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia c... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics#Combinatorics",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:47.200Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"b0c53ed2-ccc5-4c8f-95bc-9ef7fbd4ca0c","format_issues":null,"number":9466} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-solar-coronal-heating | problem | wikipedia-solar-coronal-heating | The solar coronal heating problem | {
"main": "astronomy",
"sub": "astronomy",
"slug": "astronomy",
"name": "Astronomy and solar physics",
"original_discipline": "astronomy"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "85",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: astronomy"
}
] | Identify and quantify the processes that maintain the solar corona at temperatures far above the photosphere, and test their relative contributions against observations. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-astronomy",
"name": "Wikipedia — Astronomy",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Stellar_astronomy_and_solar_physics",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Astronomy. Adapted selection, accessed 2... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Identify and quantify the processes that maintain the solar corona at temperatures far above the photosphere, and test their relative contributions against observations. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"astronomy",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Astronomy: The solar coronal heating problem (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Stellar_astronomy_and_solar_physics",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Stellar_astronomy_and_solar_physics",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Cur... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.974Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"1adea0db-7cca-4821-9ea1-c3656a6c7187","format_issues":null,"number":9485} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-solar-cycle-grand-minima | problem | wikipedia-solar-cycle-grand-minima | Solar-cycle grand minima | {
"main": "astronomy",
"sub": "astronomy",
"slug": "astronomy",
"name": "Astronomy and solar physics",
"original_discipline": "astronomy"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "85",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: astronomy"
}
] | Explain how the solar dynamo enters and recovers from prolonged low-activity intervals such as the Maunder Minimum. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-astronomy",
"name": "Wikipedia — Astronomy",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Stellar_astronomy_and_solar_physics",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Astronomy. Adapted selection, accessed 2... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Explain how the solar dynamo enters and recovers from prolonged low-activity intervals such as the Maunder Minimum. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"astronomy",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Astronomy: Solar-cycle grand minima (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Stellar_astronomy_and_solar_physics",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citatio... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy#Stellar_astronomy_and_solar_physics",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Cur... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.058Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"44a2741d-95db-4faf-9d2e-5382053570f7","format_issues":null,"number":9486} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-transactinide-chemical-behavior | problem | wikipedia-transactinide-chemical-behavior | Predicting transactinide chemistry | {
"main": "chemistry",
"sub": "chemical sciences",
"slug": "chemical-sciences",
"name": "Chemical sciences",
"original_discipline": "chemistry"
} | [] | [] | Quantify how relativistic effects, spin–orbit coupling and electron correlation jointly determine chemical bonding and reactivity in transactinide elements. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-chemistry",
"name": "Wikipedia — Chemistry",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_chemistry#Physical_chemistry_problems",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Chemistry. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-0... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Quantify how relativistic effects, spin–orbit coupling and electron correlation jointly determine chemical bonding and reactivity in transactinide elements. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"chemical-sciences",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Chemistry: Predicting transactinide chemistry (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_chemistry#Physical_chemistry_problems",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citat... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_chemistry#Physical_chemistry_problems",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current res... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.690Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"3a17e48a-4029-41ae-9fb4-92dbe83e0b3f","format_issues":null,"number":9497} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-tropical-cyclone-frequency | problem | wikipedia-tropical-cyclone-frequency | What sets tropical-cyclone frequency? | {
"main": "geoscience",
"sub": "earth sciences",
"slug": "earth-sciences",
"name": "Earth sciences",
"original_discipline": "geoscience"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "86",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: earth-sciences"
}
] | Explain the mechanisms controlling the global number of tropical cyclones and predict their response to changes in environmental conditions. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-geoscience",
"name": "Wikipedia — Geoscience",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Topography_and_environment",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Geoscience. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-0... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Explain the mechanisms controlling the global number of tropical cyclones and predict their response to changes in environmental conditions. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"earth-sciences",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Geoscience: What sets tropical-cyclone frequency? (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Topography_and_environment",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"c... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_geoscience#Topography_and_environment",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current res... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:49.806Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"8699607c-0328-421b-8517-ef109bb782ac","format_issues":null,"number":9501} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-two-user-interference-capacity | problem | wikipedia-two-user-interference-capacity | Two-user interference-channel capacity region | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "control and information",
"slug": "control-and-information",
"name": "Control and information theory",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | Determine the capacity region of an arbitrary discrete memoryless channel with two transmitter–receiver pairs, where each receiver's observation depends on both transmitted inputs. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-information-theory",
"name": "Wikipedia — Information theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Channel_coding",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Information theory. Adapted select... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Determine the capacity region of an arbitrary discrete memoryless channel with two transmitter–receiver pairs, where each receiver's observation depends on both transmitted inputs. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"control-and-information",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Information theory: Two-user interference-channel capacity region (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Channel_coding",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "webs... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Channel_coding",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current researc... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.275Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"1d23d25f-ccfa-4f14-9651-1ccbc087b525","format_issues":null,"number":9475} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-two-way-channel-capacity | problem | wikipedia-two-way-channel-capacity | Two-way channel capacity region | {
"main": "math",
"sub": "control and information",
"slug": "control-and-information",
"name": "Control and information theory",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
} | [] | [] | Characterize achievable communication rates in both directions for a general discrete memoryless two-way channel when each terminal can adapt inputs to its previous observations. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-information-theory",
"name": "Wikipedia — Information theory",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Channel_coding",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Information theory. Adapted select... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Characterize achievable communication rates in both directions for a general discrete memoryless two-way channel when each terminal can adapt inputs to its previous observations. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"control-and-information",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Information theory: Two-way channel capacity region (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Channel_coding",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"cit... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_information_theory#Channel_coding",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current researc... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:48.360Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"d51c1d23-2f61-45de-b326-be4699be66b0","format_issues":null,"number":9476} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-unequal-entitlement-cake-cuts | problem | wikipedia-unequal-entitlement-cake-cuts | Cuts for proportional division with unequal entitlements | {
"main": "economics",
"sub": "mathematical economics",
"slug": "mathematical-economics",
"name": "Mathematical economics and game theory",
"original_discipline": "economics"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "91B",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: mathematical-economics"
}
] | For $n$ agents with nonatomic additive valuations and positive entitlements $w_i$ summing to one, determine the minimum worst-case number of cuts allowing each agent value at least $w_i$ of its total cake value. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-fair-division",
"name": "Wikipedia — Fair division",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_fair_division#Number_of_cuts_for_cake-cutting_with_different_entitlements",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Fair... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | For $n$ agents with nonatomic additive valuations and positive entitlements $w_i$ summing to one, determine the minimum worst-case number of cuts allowing each agent value at least $w_i$ of its total cake value. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | sharp | hard | [
"mathematical-economics",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Fair division: Cuts for proportional division with unequal entitlements (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_fair_division#Number_of_cuts_for_cake-cutting_with_different_entitlements",
"note": null,
... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_fair_division#Number_of_cuts_for_cake-cutting_with_different_entitlements",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspec... | null | [
"current-status-unassessed",
"source-full-text-not-present"
] | [] | {
"created_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:50.105Z",
"solved_at": null
} | 2026-10-10T16:07:49.246Z | {"database_id":"0f6f214b-7428-4ff5-8341-c921e0214910","format_issues":null,"number":9509} |
1.0.0 | problem:wikipedia-unified-behavioral-bias-models | problem | wikipedia-unified-behavioral-bias-models | Predictive models of behavioral biases | {
"main": "economics",
"sub": "economic theory",
"slug": "economic-theory",
"name": "Economic theory and empirical puzzles",
"original_discipline": "economics"
} | [] | [
{
"code": "91B",
"basis": "community-map",
"evidence": "Inferred from community field: economic-theory"
}
] | Develop and empirically compare models that jointly predict multiple systematic departures from idealized rational choice across decision contexts. | unassessed | {
"key": "wikipedia-economics",
"name": "Wikipedia — Economics",
"type": "problem-list",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_economics#Behavioral_economics",
"citation": "Wikipedia contributors, List of unsolved problems in Economics. Adapted selection, accessed 2026-09-09; CC B... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Develop and empirically compare models that jointly predict multiple systematic departures from idealized rational choice across decision contexts. | Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research status has not been independently reassessed; consult the original source and subsequent literature.
Adapted and reformulated by Frontier Science from the linked Wikipedia list; attribution to Wikipedia contributors is retained under CC BY-SA 4.0. Thi... | null | null | published | programme | hard | [
"economic-theory",
"status-unassessed",
"wikipedia-selection"
] | null | null | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Wikipedia — Economics: Predictive models of behavioral biases (inspected 2026-09-09)",
"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_economics#Behavioral_economics",
"note": null,
"sort_order": 0
},
{
"kind": "website",
"citation... | {
"source_record": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_economics#Behavioral_economics",
"imported_at": "2026-09-09",
"status_as_of": "2026-09-09",
"evidence_label": "Wikipedia selection · status unassessed",
"note": "Editorial selection inspected on 9 September 2026. Current research s... | null | [
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"updated_at": "2026-09-09T06:35:30.942Z",
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1.0.0 | problem:yang-mills-existence-and-mass-gap | problem | yang-mills-existence-and-mass-gap | Yang–Mills existence and the mass gap | {
"main": "physics",
"sub": "mathematical physics",
"slug": "mathematical-physics",
"name": "Mathematical physics",
"original_discipline": "physics"
} | [] | [] | For any compact simple gauge group $G$, prove that a non-trivial quantum Yang–Mills theory exists on $\mathbb{R}^4$ and satisfies the Wightman axioms (or an equivalent set), and that it has a mass gap $\Delta > 0$: the spectrum of the Hamiltonian has an isolated lowest eigenvalue at $0$ and no spectrum in $(0,\Delta)$. | open | {
"key": "clay",
"name": "Clay Mathematics Institute — Millennium Prize Problems",
"type": "prize",
"url": "https://www.claymath.org/millennium/yang-mills-the-maths-gap/",
"citation": null,
"doi": null,
"arxiv_id": null,
"license": "Statements paraphrased; official formulations linked",
"notes": "Seve... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Construct quantum Yang–Mills theory on R^4 rigorously, and prove it has a positive mass gap. | Yang–Mills theory is the mathematical backbone of the Standard Model, and lattice simulations agree with experiment to high precision. Nevertheless no construction of the continuum theory satisfying the axioms of quantum field theory exists in four dimensions. This is a Clay Millennium Prize problem, with the official ... | - Constructions exist in two and three spacetime dimensions (Glimm–Jaffe and successors).
- Lattice gauge theory gives a well-defined regularised theory; controlling the continuum limit is the open step.
- Numerical evidence for the mass gap is overwhelming, with lattice glueball masses computed to a few percent. | The mass gap explains why the nuclear force is short-ranged despite the gauge bosons being massless in the classical theory, and it is the rigorous content of confinement. A construction would also validate the constructive-field-theory programme in the physically relevant dimension. | published | programme | notorious | [
"confinement",
"gauge-theory",
"millennium-prize",
"quantum-field-theory"
] | Arthur Jaffe and Edward Witten (official formulation) | 2,000 | 1,000,000 | Clay Mathematics Institute | [] | {
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"created_at": "2026-09-07T23:45:31.857Z",
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"published_at": "2026-09-07T23:45:35.330Z",
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1.0.0 | problem:zauner-conjecture-sic-povms | problem | zauner-conjecture-sic-povms | Zauner's conjecture: do SIC-POVMs exist in every dimension? | {
"main": "physics",
"sub": "quantum information",
"slug": "quantum-information",
"name": "Quantum information",
"original_discipline": "physics"
} | [
{
"main": "math",
"sub": "number theory",
"slug": "number-theory",
"name": "Number theory",
"original_discipline": "mathematics"
}
] | [] | A symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measure in dimension $d$ is a set of $d^2$ unit vectors $\{|\psi_j\rangle\}$ in $\mathbb{C}^d$ with
$$|\langle \psi_j | \psi_k \rangle|^2 = \frac{1}{d+1} \quad \text{for all } j \ne k.$$
Conjecture: such a set exists for every $d \ge 2$, and can be taken as ... | open | {
"key": "community",
"name": "Community consensus",
"type": "journal",
"url": null,
"citation": null,
"doi": null,
"arxiv_id": null,
"license": "Original wording",
"notes": "Questions that are widely regarded as open but have no single canonical citation; written here from the surrounding literature.... | null | null | null | not-recorded | not-recorded | null | [] | [] | Numerically found in every dimension tried, exactly constructed in many, and proved in none in general. | Posed by Gerhard Zauner in his 1999 thesis and independently rediscovered by Renes, Blume-Kohout, Scott and Caves. The problem has an unexpected connection to Hilbert's twelfth problem: the exact solutions generate abelian extensions of real quadratic fields, and work by Appleby, Flammia, Kopp and others has turned SIC... | - Exact solutions are known in dimensions $2$–$28$ and a scattered collection of larger dimensions, some found with high-precision numerics and then recognised algebraically.
- Numerical solutions have been found in every dimension attempted, into the hundreds.
- Kopp and collaborators have given conjectural exact cons... | SIC-POVMs are optimal measurements for quantum state tomography and minimal informationally complete measurements. Beyond quantum information, the number-theoretic reformulation makes this a rare problem where a physics question feeds directly into class field theory. | published | sharp | hard | [
"class-field-theory",
"sic-povm",
"tomography",
"weyl-heisenberg"
] | Gerhard Zauner | 1,999 | null | null | [
{
"kind": "website",
"citation": "Randomstrasse101 — Open Problems of 2025 — Mutually Unbiased Bases, ETFs, and Zauner’s Conjecture — Problem 24",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2603.29571v1#Thmproblem24",
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"created_at": "2026-09-07T23:45:31.857Z",
"updated_at": "2026-09-07T23:45:31.857Z",
"published_at": "2026-09-07T23:45:35.443Z",
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