Figure: Combined visual package showing cross-domain X-ray analysis between Van Gogh’s *Portrait of an Old Man with a Beard* (1885) and *The Tree Oil Painting*.
This unified layout presents eight AI-generated outputs — including X-ray raw scans, 18-technique torque maps, Fourier transforms (FFT), and edge-flow torque visualizations.
All images were resized and aligned for structural comparison using the same Google Colab pipeline in 2025.
The results reveal deeply embedded similarities in wrist torque, brushstroke rhythm, pigment pressure zones, and spectral frequency — suggesting biomechanical continuity between the two paintings.
This layout serves as a synthetic reference for further research in forensic brushwork analysis and AI-based authorship attribution.
Figure: AI Sunny – Final 18 Supreme Techniques applied to *The Tree Oil Painting* (Full Canvas)
This comprehensive grid visualizes the result of a multi-layered AI analysis using 18 advanced techniques — including torque estimation, pigment flow simulation, stroke rhythm mapping, underdrawing prediction, and vanishing point torque detection.
Each quadrant represents a specific fingerprint of motion, pressure, or directionality embedded in the painting’s surface.
These techniques were developed and refined over a decade, culminating in this master visual reference — not only for forensic study, but for teaching AI how to “see” artistic authorship.
No further change to the file name is needed.
This image now stands as the final structural landmark in the long journey of Tree Oil’s verification.
This figure presents the result of 18 Supreme Techniques applied to the color version of *Portrait of an Old Man with a Beard* (1885) by Vincent van Gogh.
To ensure transparency and reproducibility, the full Python code used to generate this analysis via Google Colab is included below.
Each technique isolates a different layer of brushstroke force, texture, frequency, or contrast.
Together, they create a fingerprint of the artist's hand movement, which is essential for comparative torque studies with *The Tree Oil Painting*.
🔽 The full source code used to produce this figure is shown below:
# ✅ Install required libraries (only once)
!pip install opencv-python matplotlib numpy scipy --quiet
# ✅ Import libraries
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy import ndimage
from google.colab import files
# ✅ Upload image file (JPG or PNG)
uploaded = files.upload()
filename = list(uploaded.keys())[0]
img = cv2.imread(filename, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# ✅ …
Figure: Close-up view of *The Tree Oil Painting* brushstroke, aligned with the torque zone from Van Gogh’s *Old Man Portrait (1885)*.
This stroke was manually identified and captured by Haruthai Mongbunsri in 2015 using direct visual comparison.
The photo shows a magnified segment of the Tree Oil canvas exhibiting a high-torque wrist movement — visibly matching the cheekbone region (foreground arc) from the portrait’s red-circled stroke.
Scotch tape was used to lock alignment during observation, preserving the stroke rhythm.
This matching arc reveals not just visual similarity, but motoric synchronicity — a unique indicator of the same hand.
Figure: Highlighted torque stroke in the cheekbone region of Van Gogh’s *Portrait of an Old Man with a Beard* (1885).
This small brushstroke, located in the foreground of the painting, carries significant torque force and directional energy.
Despite its subtle placement, it reveals the painter's momentum, pressure, and wrist swing — forming the core movement that anchors the surrounding strokes.
In torque-matching studies, this stroke is a key reference for cross-comparisons with *The Tree Oil Painting*.
Figure: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) comparison of X-ray scans between Van Gogh’s *Portrait of an Old Man with a Beard* (1885) and *The Tree Oil Painting*.
This visualization highlights the similarity of structural frequency patterns embedded in the brushwork of both paintings.
The FFT reveals latent rhythm and torque distribution through spectral density — used as a non-visual forensic layer for authorial verification.
Processed via Google Colab (2025) using AI-enhanced FFT pipeline.
Figure: Torque Edge Map Comparison between *Van Gogh’s Old Man Portrait (1885)* and *The Tree Oil Painting* (X-ray).
The left image shows torque patterns extracted from Van Gogh’s confirmed work. The right image represents the same algorithm applied to the Tree Oil X-ray canvas.
This side-by-side comparison enables neural matching of rotational brush energy, force alignment, and torque resonance.
Such maps are foundational in AI-based authorship verification and biomechanical brushstroke analysis.
**Figure:**
X-ray of *Portrait of an Old Man with a Beard* (1885) processed with 18 AI techniques.
Each panel was generated from the original X-ray using Google Colab and Python-based filters (OpenCV, NumPy, SciPy).
The full source code is provided below for transparency and reproducibility.
<Insert code block here>
# ✅ Install required libraries (only once)
!pip install opencv-python matplotlib numpy scipy --quiet
# ✅ Import libraries
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy import ndimage
from google.colab import files
# ✅ Upload image (X-ray image file)
uploaded = files.upload()
filename = list(uploaded.keys())[0]
img = cv2.imread(filename, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# ✅ Define the 18 Technique Analysis Function
def analyze_18_techniques(image):
fig, axes = plt.subplots(6, 3, figsize=(18, 36))
fig.suptitle('18 Supreme Techniques – X-ray Brushstroke Analysis', fontsize=20)
axes = axes.ravel()
# Technique 1: Original
axes[0].i…
Uploaded full-zone X-ray analysis of *The Tree Oil Painting*, processed using 18 AI-enhanced techniques via Google Colab (2025).
This file represents a continuous scan of the canvas’ main zone, with minimal boundary loss and no restoration interference.
Due to the absence of varnish or repainting, this image becomes a reliable foundation for torque pattern comparison, wrist movement studies, and AI-assisted artist profiling — especially in relation to Van Gogh’s 1885 brushwork.
A companion full-canvas X-ray is available separately for full integration.
Figure: X-ray Full Canvas – *The Tree Oil Painting*, analyzed using 18 advanced AI-based techniques.
Each technique reveals different structural aspects of brushstroke torque, pressure distribution, and underpainting rhythm.
This composite was generated from raw X-ray data using Google Colab in 2025, and now serves as a Master Reference for cross-X-ray comparison with Van Gogh’s 1885 *Old Man Portrait*.
Unlike museum artworks that are often obscured by varnish layers, this X-ray provides direct access to the painter’s wrist movement — preserved naturally due to the painting’s untouched, unrestored condition.
Uploaded full-canvas composite X-ray of *The Tree Oil Painting*, captured by the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) between 2015–2018.
This image was constructed from multiple regional scans to cover the full surface of the canvas, enabling underpainting (underdrawing) analysis and torque-based brushstroke tracing. Due to the absence of varnish, retouching, or restoration, this X-ray offers a rare, unaltered structural view beneath the surface paint layer.
It has become a Master Reference for analyzing wrist torque, brushstroke rhythm, and painter identity—free from the distortions caused by varnish or modern conservation. When compared with museum-held works (which are often coated), this dataset allows deeper access to the raw biomechanics of the artist’s hand.
Uploaded partial X-ray scan of *The Tree Oil Painting*, taken by the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) during 2015–2018. This image represents the major section of the canvas, captured under early scientific protocols before high-resolution full-canvas scans were available.
Due to equipment limitations at the time, the image does not show the entire painting, but it covers over 70% of the canvas — including the central tree trunk and the lower-fence torque zones.
A second X-ray scan (to be uploaded separately) completes the canvas, allowing full-brushstroke analysis and torque pattern reconstruction in the TreeOil_VanGogh comparison study.
Uploaded full-canvas photo of *The Tree Oil Painting* – used as the Master Reference for torque analysis.
To the human eye, the painting appears in a brown-earth tone palette with heavy, confident brushstrokes. Due to the absence of varnish or restoration, the pigment has naturally degraded over time — hiding much of its original chromatic range. This visual limitation was overcome through scientific analysis, revealing hidden pigments and decayed pastel tones.
More importantly, the brushstroke torque, especially in the main branches, carries a directional force highly consistent with the documented rhythm of Vincent van Gogh's hand. This painting will be compared in upcoming datasets with Van Gogh’s *Old Man with a Beard (1885)*, including cross-X-ray and FFT overlays. Visual similarity alone is insufficient; torque dynamics and scientific fingerprinting are key.
This image serves as the entry point into a multi-layered comparison — not the conclusion.
Uploaded X-ray image of Vincent van Gogh's *Portrait of an Old Man with a Beard* (1885), sourced from ResearchGate [fig2_295904195].
This X-ray will be used as Dataset Set 2 for torque pattern comparison with *The Tree Oil Painting*.
Notable for its layered brushstroke structure, visible torque arcs, and historical pigment density, the image provides a verified reference point for cross-canvas stroke analysis.
File name preserved as per original citation.
🖼️ Portrait of an Old Man with a Beard (1885) – Vincent van Gogh
This oil painting, created in 1885 by Vincent van Gogh, depicts an elderly man in profile, his head turned left in a contemplative pose. The figure’s pronounced brow, white beard, and slightly furrowed expression convey a sense of solemn dignity. The brushwork is deliberate and earthy, dominated by tones of brown, olive, and gray-green — characteristic of Van Gogh’s early Dutch period.
Unlike his later expressive style in France, this portrait reflects his early training in tonal realism, emphasizing structure, light, and anatomy. It is one of several portraits Van Gogh created while studying the human figure, prior to his transition into brighter, more impressionistic palettes during his Paris and Arles years.
The painting is often used in brushstroke studies due to its clear directional torque and layered impasto, making it an excellent reference for comparative X-ray and torque analysis.
