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README.md
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This dataset takes the opposite approach. Every task is a realistic instruction from a practicing
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lawyer's desk, paired with an expert-authored reference answer and a **fine-grained rubric of
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weighted, binary criteria** (
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The rubric — not the reference answer — is the object of
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evaluation. That makes scoring reproducible across graders and directly convertible into
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per-dimension reward signals.
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| 1. Legal reasoning prompt | `prompt` | A realistic scenario requiring multi-step reasoning and professional judgment, with role, jurisdiction, and deliverable format specified |
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| 2. Golden answer | `golden_answer` | An expert-authored reference analysis (17k–38k characters in this sample) |
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| 3. Scoring rubric | `rubrics` |
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## Rubric design
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Criteria are binary and weighted. Positive weights reward required content; negative weights
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penalize specific failure modes (hallucinated authority, overconfident advice, missing caveats).
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The `rubric_category` field stores each of these as a single literal string. Filter on these values
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exactly:
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`Substance Rubric - Legal correctness`, `Substance Rubric - Reasoning quality`,
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`Sources and References Rubric`, `Structure & Style Rubric`, `Negative Rubric`
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Weight distribution across the
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`+5` (
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## Contents
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| `task_id` | `area` | Rubric criteria | Peer review overall quality (R1 / R2) |
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| 18 | Employment & Labor | 34 | 3 / 4 |
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| 40 | Intellectual Property (IP) |
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| 68 | Commercial Litigation | 34 | 4 / 5 |
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| 82 | Regulatory & Compliance | 29 | 4 / 5 |
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| 93 | Corporate & M&A | 30 | 4 / 4 |
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| 100 | Contract Law |
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Jurisdictions are US and UK (England and Wales). `task_id` values are the original corpus
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identifiers and are intentionally non-contiguous.
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| `rubric_category` | string | One of the seven literal values listed above |
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| `score_option` | int32 | Weight: `+5`, `+3`, `+1`, `-1`, `-3`, `-5` |
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| `criterion` | string | Binary question applied to the model's answer |
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| `justification` | string | Author's rationale for why this criterion matters |
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Text has been normalized: non-breaking spaces, stray tabs and other exotic whitespace introduced
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by the authoring tools have been folded to plain spaces. Newlines in `golden_answer` are preserved.
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results on this sample as indicative once models trained after its publication are involved.
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- **Reviewer identities are withheld.** Cohort-level credentials are described above; individual
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names and affiliations are not published.
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## License
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This dataset takes the opposite approach. Every task is a realistic instruction from a practicing
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lawyer's desk, paired with an expert-authored reference answer and a **fine-grained rubric of
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weighted, binary criteria** totalling exactly 100 points per task (29–43 criteria in this sample).
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The rubric — not the reference answer — is the object of
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evaluation. That makes scoring reproducible across graders and directly convertible into
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per-dimension reward signals.
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|---|---|---|
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| 1. Legal reasoning prompt | `prompt` | A realistic scenario requiring multi-step reasoning and professional judgment, with role, jurisdiction, and deliverable format specified |
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| 2. Golden answer | `golden_answer` | An expert-authored reference analysis (17k–38k characters in this sample) |
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| 3. Scoring rubric | `rubrics` | 29–43 categorized, weighted, binary criteria per task, positive weights totalling 100 points, each with the author's justification |
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## Rubric design
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Criteria are binary and weighted. Positive weights reward required content; negative weights
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penalize specific failure modes (hallucinated authority, overconfident advice, missing caveats).
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**Every task's rubric is calibrated to the same point budget.** Positive criteria total exactly
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**100 points**, allocated across the three positive categories in a fixed split:
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| Category | Sub-category | Point budget | Criteria | What it tests |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| **Substance** | | **65** | 108 | |
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| | Explicit requirements | | 27 | Did the answer do what was literally asked? |
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| | Implicit requirements | | 27 | Did it surface what a competent practitioner would raise unprompted? |
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| | Legal correctness | | 22 | Is the law stated accurately? |
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| | Reasoning quality | | 32 | Is the analytical path sound, not just the conclusion? |
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| **Sources & References** | — | **20** | 34 | Are cited authorities real, relevant, and correctly characterized? |
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| **Structure & Style** | — | **15** | 32 | Does it read like professional work product? |
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| **Negative Criteria** | — | *penalties* | 25 | Penalties for specific, anticipated failure modes |
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| **Total** | | **100** | **199** | |
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The point budget holds for all six tasks individually, not just in aggregate — so a model's raw
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score is already a percentage, and scores are directly comparable across tasks and subdomains
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despite differing criteria counts. Negative criteria sit outside the 100 points and subtract from
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the earned total, so a score can fall below zero.
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The criteria counts vary by task (29–43) because experts allocated the fixed budget at whatever
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granularity the material demanded — a task needing many small checks uses more `+1` criteria, one
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turning on a few decisive points uses `+5`s.
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The `rubric_category` field stores each of these as a single literal string. Filter on these values
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exactly:
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`Substance Rubric - Legal correctness`, `Substance Rubric - Reasoning quality`,
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`Sources and References Rubric`, `Structure & Style Rubric`, `Negative Rubric`
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Weight distribution across the 199 criteria in this sample:
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`+5` (71), `+3` (71), `+1` (32), `-1` (2), `-3` (7), `-5` (16).
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## Contents
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| `task_id` | `area` | Rubric criteria | Peer review overall quality (R1 / R2) |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| 18 | Employment & Labor | 34 | 3 / 4 |
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| 40 | Intellectual Property (IP) | 43 | 4 / 4 |
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| 68 | Commercial Litigation | 34 | 4 / 5 |
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| 82 | Regulatory & Compliance | 29 | 4 / 5 |
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| 93 | Corporate & M&A | 30 | 4 / 4 |
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| 100 | Contract Law | 29 | 4 / 5 |
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Jurisdictions are US and UK (England and Wales). `task_id` values are the original corpus
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identifiers and are intentionally non-contiguous.
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| `rubric_category` | string | One of the seven literal values listed above |
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| `score_option` | int32 | Weight: `+5`, `+3`, `+1`, `-1`, `-3`, `-5` |
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| `criterion` | string | Binary question applied to the model's answer |
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| `justification` | string | Author's rationale for why this criterion matters; empty for 5 of 199 criteria (see Limitations) |
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Text has been normalized: non-breaking spaces, stray tabs and other exotic whitespace introduced
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by the authoring tools have been folded to plain spaces. Newlines in `golden_answer` are preserved.
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results on this sample as indicative once models trained after its publication are involved.
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- **Reviewer identities are withheld.** Cohort-level credentials are described above; individual
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names and affiliations are not published.
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- **Five criteria carry no justification.** Four in task 40 and one in task 100 have an empty
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`justification`; the authors did not record one. The criteria themselves are complete, scored, and
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counted in the point budget — only the explanatory note is absent. Every other field is populated
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in every row.
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## License
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