Add LabOPBench partial release data

.gitattributes

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README.md

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 pretty_name: LabOPBench
 language:
 - en
-tags:
-- multimodal
-- benchmark
-- laboratory
+task_categories:
+- visual-question-answering
+configs:
+- config_name: all
+  data_files:
+  - split: test
+    path: data/Experiment_Character.jsonl
+  - split: test
+    path: data/Experiment_Monitor.jsonl
+  - split: test
+    path: data/Experiment_Postprocess.jsonl
+  - split: test
+    path: data/Experiment_Preparation.jsonl
+  - split: test
+    path: data/material_science.jsonl
+- config_name: Experiment_Character
+  data_files:
+  - split: test
+    path: data/Experiment_Character.jsonl
+- config_name: Experiment_Monitor
+  data_files:
+  - split: test
+    path: data/Experiment_Monitor.jsonl
+- config_name: Experiment_Postprocess
+  data_files:
+  - split: test
+    path: data/Experiment_Postprocess.jsonl
+- config_name: Experiment_Preparation
+  data_files:
+  - split: test
+    path: data/Experiment_Preparation.jsonl
+- config_name: material_science
+  data_files:
+  - split: test
+    path: data/material_science.jsonl
 ---
 
 # LabOPBench
 
 LabOPBench is a benchmark for evaluating multimodal large language models in realistic laboratory scenarios. It is designed to assess their capabilities in experimental workflow reasoning, safety and anomaly assessment, operational decision-making, and result analysis.
 
-## Quick Start
+This private partial release contains 100 questions: 20 examples from each major category. Each record includes the question, image path(s), and A-D scoring answers. The full benchmark will be expanded after the paper is released.
 
-Clone the repository and install LabOPBench with the OpenAI-compatible API backend:
+## Files
 
-```bash
-git clone https://github.com/johnnylee00/LabOPBench.git
-cd LabOPBench
-python -m pip install -e ".[openai]"
-```
+- `data/Experiment_Character.jsonl`
+- `data/Experiment_Monitor.jsonl`
+- `data/Experiment_Postprocess.jsonl` including TLC examples
+- `data/Experiment_Preparation.jsonl`
+- `data/material_science.jsonl`
+- `images/` contains all referenced PNG files
+- `examples/evaporation_example.json` is a qualitative model-response example and is not part of the formal HF dataset configs
 
-Configure the API endpoint, the answer model, the judge model, and paths to an authorized local copy of the benchmark data:
+## Data Format
 
-```bash
-export OPENAI_API_KEY="<your-api-key>"
-export OPENAI_BASE_URL="<your-base-url>"
+Each JSONL row uses this structure:
 
-ANSWER_MODEL="<answer-model-name>"
-JUDGE_MODEL="<judge-model-name>"
-DATA="<path-to-questions.json>"
-IMAGES="<path-to-image-directory>"
+```json
+{
+  "id": "...",
+  "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess",
+  "category": "TLC",
+  "item_no": "TLC_001",
+  "question": "...",
+  "image": ["TLC/TLC_001_01.png"],
+  "answers": ["A: ... (3 points)", "B: ... (2 points)", "C: ... (1 point)", "D: ... (0 points)"]
+}
 ```
 
-Generate model responses:
+The `image` entries are relative paths under the repository's `images/` directory.
 
-```bash
-labopbench run \
-  --data "$DATA" \
-  --image-base-dir "$IMAGES" \
-  --model-name "$ANSWER_MODEL" \
-  --out outputs/answers.json
-```
+## Quick Start
 
-Score the generated responses with an LLM judge:
+For private access, log in first:
 
 ```bash
-labopbench score \
-  --pred outputs/answers.json \
-  --judge-model "$JUDGE_MODEL" \
-  --out outputs/results.json
+hf auth login
 ```
 
-The preliminary release does not include the complete benchmark questions or reference answers. The commands above operate on an authorized local data copy while keeping unreleased evaluation content private.
-
-## Qualitative Evaluation Example
+Download the dataset repository and run an evaluation:
 
-The following example illustrates the multimodal question format and evaluation output used by LabOPBench.
-
-**Category:** Evaporation
-
-### Prompt shown to the model
-
-> In the rotary evaporation scenario shown in Figure 1, identify the problems occurring in the current run and propose optimization recommendations.
-
-<img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/JOHNNYlee1/LabOPBench/resolve/main/Evaporation/Evaporation_018_01.png" alt="Figure 1. Rotary evaporation scenario" width="420">
-
-### Model-generated response — Claude Opus 4.7
-
-**Problem Identified:**
-The receiving (collection) flask is overfilled — the condensed solvent has accumulated to near its working capacity (close to the 1000 mL mark and approaching the joint level).
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/johnnylee00/LabOPBench.git
+cd LabOPBench
+python -m pip install -e ".[openai]"
 
-**Main Cause:**
-The receiving flask was not emptied in time during continuous evaporation, causing solvent buildup that approaches the ground-glass joint.
+export OPENAI_API_KEY="<your-api-key>"
+export OPENAI_BASE_URL="<your-base-url>"
+MODEL="<model-name>"
 
-**Optimization Recommendation:**
-Pause the evaporation, release the vacuum, detach and empty the receiving flask, then resume operation. As a routine practice, monitor the receiving flask and drain it before the liquid level reaches more than ~50% of its capacity to prevent solvent backflow into the condenser, loss of vacuum efficiency, and contamination of the recovered solvent.
+hf download JOHNNYlee1/LabOPBench --repo-type dataset --local-dir data/LabOPBench
 
-### Evaluation
+labopbench run   --data data/LabOPBench/data/Experiment_Postprocess.jsonl   --image-base-dir data/LabOPBench/images   --model-name "$MODEL"   --out outputs/experiment_postprocess_answers.json
 
-| Scoring model | Score |
-| --- | ---: |
-| Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview (Thinking) | 0.5 / 3 |
-| GPT-5.5 | 0.5 / 3 |
+labopbench score   --pred outputs/experiment_postprocess_answers.json   --data data/LabOPBench/data/Experiment_Postprocess.jsonl   --out outputs/experiment_postprocess_scores.json
+```
 
-Both evaluation models assigned the response a score of **0.5 out of 3**. Reference answers and detailed scoring rationales are not included in this preliminary release.
+## Release Note
 
-[View the structured example](examples/evaporation_example.json)
+This is an initial private release for repository setup and workflow validation. It should not be treated as the complete benchmark or as a hidden-test leaderboard set.

data/Experiment_Character.jsonl

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{"id": "0e806e86-016c-4451-ba6a-072d8c1a1fe5", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "Crystal", "item_no": "Crystal_001", "question": "In the scenario shown in Crystal_001_01.png, the product in the flask appears as shown in the figure. Analyze the crystal morphology in the figure and speculate in which experimental step this might have been obtained?", "image": ["Crystal/Crystal_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The image shows yellow radiating polycrystals growing on the inner wall of the flask, together with a large amount of yellow product precipitate accumulated at the bottom of the flask. This was most likely obtained during the rotary evaporation solvent-removal process. Rapid solvent evaporation during rotary evaporation caused the solution to become highly supersaturated, leading to nucleation on the flask wall and precipitation of a large amount of product at the bottom. (3 points)", "B: The image shows yellow radial, flower-like, spherulitic, or dendritic polycrystalline crystals growing on the inner wall of the flask. This was likely obtained during the rotary evaporation or concentration step, where rapid solvent removal caused high local supersaturation on the glass surface and induced polycrystalline growth on the flask wall. (2 points)", "C: The image shows yellow polycrystalline material on the flask wall. This may have formed when the product solution was left unsealed or partially open, allowing the solvent to evaporate naturally and the product to crystallize from the concentrated solution. (1 point)", "D: The image is interpreted as showing normal yellow crystals obtained from a recrystallization experiment, and the morphology is treated as acceptable without recognizing the radial polycrystalline growth or the likely rapid solvent-removal/concentration process. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "b12ec82d-2322-497d-a1d5-8cebc51d8953", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "Crystal", "item_no": "Crystal_002", "question": "In the scenario shown in Crystal_002_01.png, the product in the flask appears as shown in the figure. Analyze the crystal morphology in the figure and speculate in which experimental step this might have been obtained?", "image": ["Crystal/Crystal_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The image shows red radiating polycrystals, and part of the product adheres to the bottom of the flask in a film-like manner, indicating this may have been obtained during the rotary evaporation solvent removal process, where solvent rapidly evaporates during rotary evaporation and nucleation produces polycrystals. (3 points)", "B: The image shows red radiating polycrystals, which may have been obtained in a single crystal cultivation experiment, but the supersaturation increased too rapidly during the cultivation process, forming the crystal morphology shown in the figure. (2 points)", "C: The image shows red polycrystals, which may have formed when the product solution was left unsealed and solvent naturally evaporated. (1 point)", "D: A large amount of red crystals was obtained in the figure, indicating this may have been obtained in a recrystallization experiment. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "67c2c89e-4bfd-4de7-be74-35ab7578b487", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "Crystal", "item_no": "Crystal_003", "question": "In the scenario shown in Crystal_003_01.png, the product in the vial appears as shown in the figure. Analyze the crystal morphology in the figure and speculate in which experimental step this might have been obtained?", "image": ["Crystal/Crystal_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The image shows white radiating polycrystals, and a ring-shaped crystallization zone is left at the bottom of the vial, indicating this may have been obtained during rotary evaporation, where the liquid level gradually decreases and product precipitates bit by bit to form polycrystals. (3 points)", "B: The image shows white radiating polycrystals, which may have been obtained in a single crystal cultivation experiment, but the supersaturation increased too rapidly during the cultivation process, forming the crystal morphology shown in the figure. (2 points)", "C: The image shows white polycrystals, which may have formed when the product solution was left unsealed and volatile solvent naturally evaporated. (1 point)", "D: A large amount of white crystals was obtained in the figure, indicating this may have been obtained in a recrystallization experiment. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "a63dccc2-48d5-4057-8fde-967835a80c6d", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "Crystal", "item_no": "Crystal_004", "question": "In the scenario shown in Crystal_004_01.png, please analyze the possible cause of the observed phenomenon and suggest how to optimize conditions to obtain higher quality single crystals.", "image": ["Crystal/Crystal_004_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The needle-like crystals in the test tube are most likely formed because product fractions collected after column chromatography were left in the test tube, and solvent evaporation caused the local concentration to increase rapidly. To obtain higher-quality single crystals, the product should be transferred to a more suitable crystallization vessel rather than being left in the collection test tube. A clear, filtered solution with an appropriate concentration should be prepared, and supersaturation should be increased slowly by controlled slow evaporation or vapor diffusion so that fewer nuclei form and larger, more regular single crystals can grow. (3 points)", "B: The needle-like crystals are likely caused by excessive supersaturation, leading to rapid nucleation and the formation of many small needle-like crystals instead of fewer well-developed single crystals. To improve crystal quality, the sample should be redissolved to prepare a more dilute, clear, filtered saturated solution, and crystallization should be slowed by slow cooling, slow solvent evaporation, or vapor diffusion so that nucleation is reduced and larger crystals can grow. (2 points)", "C: The needle-like crystals are likely caused mainly by rapid solvent evaporation during crystallization. To improve crystal quality, the sample should be redissolved and the evaporation rate should be reduced by partial sealing or using a narrower container opening, allowing the solution to evaporate more slowly and crystals to grow more uniformly. (1 point)", "D: The irregular or needle-like solid is attributed mainly to impurities in the solution. The product should first be purified by filtration, recrystallization, or chromatography, and then crystallization should be attempted again using a clean solution. However, this procedure does not address the main issue of rapid concentration increase or uncontrolled nucleation in the test tube. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "ab320a27-9ef9-4e49-bfb1-7ace9674bbf5", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "GCMS", "item_no": "GCMS_001", "question": "In the GC-MS scenario shown in Figure GCMS_001_01.png, observe the information in the figure. Please analyze the following questions based on this chromatogram: 1. Combined with the peak shape and retention time information in the figure, determine whether the sample separation meets quantitative analysis requirements and explain possible optimization directions; 2. Infer whether the peak shape shows abnormalities and propose improvement suggestions combined with possible instrument status or method parameters; 3. If quantitative analysis is required for this sample, please design a reasonable injection mode and split ratio, and explain their effects on peak shape and sensitivity.", "image": ["GCMS/GCMS_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The peak shape in the figure is relatively symmetrical, showing no obvious tailing or fronting phenomena, indicating that the sample separation basically meets quantitative analysis requirements. However, the short retention time may lead to insufficient resolution; it is recommended to optimize the column temperature program to extend analysis time and improve resolution. Split injection mode is recommended with a split ratio of 10:1 to reduce the effect of excessive sample on peak shape while ensuring sensitivity. (3 points)", "B: : The peak shape in the figure is basically symmetrical, but the short retention time may affect separation. It is recommended to appropriately reduce column temperature to extend retention time and use split mode to avoid tailing caused by excessive sample. The split ratio can be set to 20:1 to further optimize peak shape. (2 points)", "C: : The peak shape in the figure shows no obvious abnormalities, but the short retention time may result in poor separation. It is recommended to adjust the column temperature program or carrier gas flow rate to improve resolution. Split injection mode is selected, but the effect of specific split ratio on peak shape is not analyzed. (1 point)", "D: : The peak shape in the figure is obviously abnormal, possibly showing tailing. Splitless injection is recommended to improve sensitivity, while increasing column temperature to speed up analysis, but the effect of split ratio on peak shape is not considered. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "22dd03a3-90f2-4d75-b128-a56f38c1ee49", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "GCMS", "item_no": "GCMS_002", "question": "In the GC-MS chromatogram shown in Figure GCMS_002_01.png, observe the information in the figure. Please answer what these small peaks may originate from and whether these small peaks may affect the qualitative and quantitative results of the target compound.", "image": ["GCMS/GCMS_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : These small peaks may originate from low-boiling-point solvents. The small peaks may not directly affect qualitative analysis but may interfere with quantitative analysis. (3 points)", "B: : These small peaks may originate from low-boiling-point impurities in the sample. Qualitative results may not be affected, but quantitative results may be subject to baseline interference. (2 points)", "C: : These small peaks may originate from impurities in the sample. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the target compound may be affected, but specific conditions require further analysis. (1 point)", "D: : These small peaks may originate from residual solvent. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the target compound will not be affected. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "eb0d06fa-8f39-415a-b274-9303276d3869", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "GCMS", "item_no": "GCMS_003", "question": "Based on the GC-MS chromatogram shown in Figure GCMS_003_01.png, observe the information in the figure. Analyze whether the injection mode of this sample is reasonable and what may be the causes of the phenomena shown in the figure?", "image": ["GCMS/GCMS_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The injection mode is fine, but the sample amount may be excessive or the column overloaded. It is recommended to optimize the split ratio to reduce column overload. Tailing may be related to the presence of strongly polar compounds in the sample. (3 points)", "B: : The injection mode is fine. The tailing phenomenon may be related to column contamination. (2 points)", "C: : The injection mode is fine. The tailing phenomenon may be due to unstable carrier gas flow rate or poor column connection. (1 point)", "D: : There is a problem with the injection mode. The tailing phenomenon may be due to excessively high sample concentration. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "4819dcb1-8ea7-439f-8b88-838cb579205c", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "GCMS", "item_no": "GCMS_004", "question": "Based on the GC-MS chromatogram shown in Figure GCMS_004_01.png, combined with the shape and position of the chromatographic peaks in the figure, determine whether there is insufficient separation and analyze possible causes.", "image": ["GCMS/GCMS_004_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The two peaks in the figure have very close retention times and show significant overlap in peak shape, indicating insufficient separation. Possible cause: Column polarity does not match the sample. (3 points)", "B: : The two peaks in the figure have close retention times and may have insufficient separation. The cause may be excessively fast heating rate in the temperature program leading to decreased resolution. (2 points)", "C: : The two peaks in the figure have close retention times, possibly due to excessively high carrier gas flow rate resulting in insufficient separation time. (1 point)", "D: : The two peaks in the figure have close retention times, but this may be a normal phenomenon that does not require optimization. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "fca18b15-23b2-4c1b-983b-e94ca553561c", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "LCMS", "item_no": "LCMS_001", "question": "During the experiment, researchers discovered a class of reagents shown in LCMS_001_01.png. When analyzing the synthesis reaction solution of such reagents using LC-MS, which solvent should be used to dissolve the sample before injection? Provide the main reasons.", "image": ["LCMS/LCMS_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Dissolve the sample with acetonitrile for injection, because unlike protic solvent methanol, acetonitrile is an aprotic inert solvent that can avoid potential solvolysis or nucleophilic attack on reactive ylide/enamine structures, ensuring the structural integrity of the sample during analysis. (3 points)", "B: Dissolve the sample with acetonitrile, because acetonitrile can effectively dissolve polar compounds. (2 points)", "C: Acetonitrile is the best choice, because acetonitrile is a standard component of reverse-phase LC-MS mobile phase. (1 point)", "D: Methanol is the best choice, because as a polar protic solvent, methanol can effectively dissolve polar compounds. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "432b598c-bca3-40cb-80e4-16a68b006f44", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "LCMS", "item_no": "LCMS_002", "question": "The reaction shown in LCMS_002_01.png is performed. After the reaction proceeds for some time, the bottle cap is opened directly and a sample of the reaction mixture is taken for LC-MS analysis to determine whether the reaction is complete. Is this operation reasonable?", "image": ["LCMS/LCMS_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Unreasonable. Because the reaction system contains triphenylphosphine and triphenylphosphine oxide, which can easily cause severe contamination of the reverse-phase chromatography column in LC-MS. (3 points)", "B: Unreasonable. Mitsunobu reaction needs to be carried out under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions. Opening the bottle stopper directly will expose the system to air and interfere with the reaction process. (2 points)", "C: Unreasonable. The reaction must be quenched before LC-MS injection to terminate the reaction in order to obtain accurate reaction progress information. (1 point)", "D: Reasonable. Mitsunobu reaction has high efficiency and the reaction system composition is simple, so direct sampling and injection analysis can be performed. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "bff92639-6d3f-4d7d-ade8-adc21b80e7f3", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "LCMS", "item_no": "LCMS_003", "question": "After the reaction shown in LCMS_003_01.png is performed, the reaction mixture is monitored using LC-MS. Based on the LC-MS spectrum shown in LCMS_003_02.png, determine whether the reaction is complete?", "image": ["LCMS/LCMS_003_01.png", "LCMS/LCMS_003_02.png"], "answers": ["A: The reaction is not complete. At a 1:1 molar ratio, the starting material p-nitrophenylacetylene (no m/z signal) at retention time 1.52 minutes in the LC-MS spectrum is not completely consumed, indicating that the reaction can still continue. (3 points)", "B: The reaction is not complete. In addition to the product peak at retention time 1.44 minutes (m/z 352.16) on the spectrum, there are other peak signals, possibly the starting material 2 signal, indicating that the reaction can still continue. (2 points)", "C: The reaction is complete. The mass spectrum signal of the starting material p-nitrophenylacetylene has completely disappeared, and the product peak at retention time 1.44 minutes (m/z 352.16) is clear and obvious, indicating that the reaction has proceeded to completion. (1 point)", "D: The reaction is complete. Because the expected product has been obtained (retention time 1.44 minutes, m/z 357.03). (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "a2fb3f4b-d11c-40f7-b849-2bbba198f836", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "LCMS", "item_no": "LCMS_004", "question": "The experiment shown in LCMS_004_01.png is performed. After the reaction is complete, the reaction mixture is triturated with 0.1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. LC-MS analysis is performed on the filtrate and filter cake separately, and the two spectra obtained are shown in LCMS_004_02.png and LCMS_004_03.png respectively. Has the trituration achieved the expected effect? If not, please provide improvement measures.", "image": ["LCMS/LCMS_004_01.png", "LCMS/LCMS_004_02.png", "LCMS/LCMS_004_03.png"], "answers": ["A: The expected effect has not been achieved. After trituration treatment, the starting material (retention time 1.11 minutes, m/z 332.20) and the product (retention time 1.61 minutes, m/z 531.24) remain simultaneously in the filter cake shown in LCMS_004_03.png. Perform ultrasonic treatment on the filter cake, then triturate again with 1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and filter by vacuum to separate the starting material from the product. (3 points)", "B: The expected effect has not been achieved. The filter cake shown in LCMS_004_03.png after trituration contains not only the product (retention time 1.61 minutes, m/z 531.24). Triturate the filter cake repeatedly with 0.1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and separate the starting material from the product by vacuum filtration. (2 points)", "C: The expected effect has not been achieved. After trituration, the starting material (retention time 1.11 minutes, m/z 332.20) is distributed in both the filter cake and the filtrate. Do not continue trituration for the product, and directly purify by column chromatography. (1 point)", "D: The trituration operation has achieved the expected results. The product (retention time 1.61 minutes, m/z 285.03) exists in the filtrate shown in LCMS_004_03.png, and the starting material (retention time 1.11 minutes, m/z 280.03) exists in the filter cake shown in LCMS_004_02.png. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "c0897576-c251-4fe8-9723-f2b5655b303c", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "Meltingpoint", "item_no": "meltingpoint_001", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment melting point testing scenario shown in Figure meltingpoint_001_01.png, please confirm the temperature at which the compound begins to melt and determine whether the compound is pure.", "image": ["Meltingpoint/meltingpoint_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The temperature at which the compound begins to dissolve is 174.8°C. Observation shows the compound is pure. (3 points)", "B: : The temperature at which the compound begins to dissolve is 174.8°C. Need to confirm the latter half of melting point information to determine if it is pure. (2 points)", "C: : The temperature at which the compound begins to dissolve is 174.8°C. The compound may not necessarily be pure. (1 point)", "D: : The temperature at which the compound begins to dissolve is 176.0°C. The compound may not necessarily be pure. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "1cca7691-f36c-468e-ac65-82d44f4577a2", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "Meltingpoint", "item_no": "meltingpoint_002", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment melting point testing scenario shown in Figure meltingpoint_002_01.png, please answer what is the melting point of the compound and why the information shown in the figure appears.", "image": ["Meltingpoint/meltingpoint_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The melting point of the compound is unknown. The information shown in the figure is because the melting point is much lower than the starting measurement temperature, and the compound had already dissolved when added. (3 points)", "B: : The melting point of the compound is unknown. The information shown in the figure is because the sample loading was uneven, causing changes in light transmittance. (2 points)", "C: : The melting point of the compound is unknown. The information shown in the figure is because the sample was not completely loaded to the bottom of the melting point tube. (1 point)", "D: : The melting point of the compound is 92.4°C. The information shown in the figure is because there is a certain error in the instrument. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "43b3aaef-f978-4199-9672-86f2c2500341", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "Meltingpoint", "item_no": "meltingpoint_003", "question": "In the melting point determination scenario shown in Figure meltingpoint_003_01.png, confirm the melting point of the compound and explain the information in the figure.", "image": ["Meltingpoint/meltingpoint_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The melting point of the compound is unknown. The compound may be impure, resulting in no accurate melting point. (3 points)", "B: : The melting point of the compound is unknown. The melting point of the compound may be lower than the starting temperature, causing confusion in subsequent measurements. (2 points)", "C: : The melting point of the compound is unknown. It may be that inaccurate sample loading caused errors in light transmittance information. (1 point)", "D: : The melting point is around 80 degrees, and a protrusion was observed around eighty degrees. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "762d78e7-ddcc-48be-bfa8-3d7c429bc48c", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "Meltingpoint", "item_no": "meltingpoint_004", "question": "In the melting point testing scenario shown in Figure meltingpoint_004_01.png, please analyze the initial melting point temperature of the compound and explain the cause of light transmittance changes in one sentence.", "image": ["Meltingpoint/meltingpoint_004_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The initial melting point of the compound is unknown. It may be that the compound transformed into a gel-like state during heating, causing gradual changes in light transmittance. (3 points)", "B: : The initial melting point of the compound is unknown. It may be that inaccurate compound loading caused changes in light transmittance. (2 points)", "C: : The initial melting point of the compound is unknown. It may be that insufficient instrument preheating caused changes in light transmittance. (1 point)", "D: : The initial melting point of the compound is around 120 degrees. It may be that the compound transformed into a gel-like state during heating, causing gradual changes in light transmittance. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "009dc2df-440c-4547-b64e-58eebc37c023", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "NMR", "item_no": "NMR_001", "question": "After purification of the fluorinated product, the sample is prepared in deuterated DMSO for ¹H NMR monitoring, and a small amount of internal standard is added as shown in NMR_001_01.png for simultaneous ¹⁹F NMR testing. The obtained spectrum shows peaks with non-integer integration values, as shown in NMR_001_02.png. What substances do these peaks most likely represent?", "image": ["NMR/NMR_001_01.png", "NMR/NMR_001_02.png"], "answers": ["A: The quintet at 2.04 ppm is the residual solvent peak of deuterated acetonitrile, and the singlet at 1.99 ppm is the incompletely removed ethyl acetate peak. (3 points)", "B: The peak at 2.04 ppm is the residual solvent peak of deuterated acetone, and the peak at 1.99 ppm is an impurity. (2 points)", "C: The peak at 2.04 ppm is deuterated dichloromethane, and the peak at 1.99 ppm is a water peak. (1 point)", "D: The peak at 2.04 ppm is deuterated DMSO. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "d163c29a-547c-4fca-824e-0efab578261f", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "NMR", "item_no": "NMR_002", "question": "Aryl halides containing F atoms are selected as substrates, and ¹⁹F NMR is used to monitor the progress of the Ullmann reaction. The obtained spectrum is shown in NMR_002_01.png. Please analyze the problems existing in this spectrum and explain their causes.", "image": ["NMR/NMR_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The spectrum has extremely low signal-to-noise ratio. Copper ions present in the sample can cause abnormal relaxation. (3 points)", "B: The spectrum has extremely low signal-to-noise ratio. Copper salt in the sample is insoluble, causing sample inhomogeneity and baseline distortion. (2 points)", "C: The spectrum has extremely low signal-to-noise ratio. The reason is that the sample concentration is too low. (1 point)", "D: The baseline noise is relatively high. The NMR spectrometer magnetic field strength is too low, and an instrument with higher field strength needs to be used. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "f9e462e3-8566-4865-b6d5-c2c5c5817392", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "NMR", "item_no": "NMR_003", "question": "After performing the experiment shown in NMR_003_01.png, ¹⁹F NMR is used to monitor the fluorine signal of the product, and the spectrum shown in NMR_003_02.png is obtained. Please analyze the problems existing in this spectrum and explain their causes.", "image": ["NMR/NMR_003_01.png", "NMR/NMR_003_02.png"], "answers": ["A: The fluorine signal detection range is limited to the negative chemical shift region. The peaks shown in the figure correspond to fluorotrichloromethane (CFCl₃) rather than the product fluorine signal. (3 points)", "B: The fluorine signal detection range is limited to the negative chemical shift region, while the product fluorine signal appears in the positive chemical shift region. (2 points)", "C: There is no problem with the spectrum; the peaks in the figure are the product fluorine signals. (1 point)", "D: The reaction was unsuccessful; the target product was not formed in the reaction system. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "80a190aa-a2a2-44e4-9b98-347c95427887", "major_category": "Experiment_Character", "category": "NMR", "item_no": "NMR_004", "question": "The synthesis scheme for the target compound is shown in NMR_004_01.png (only partial structure shown). ¹⁹F NMR is used to monitor the fluorine signal of the product, and the spectrum shown in NMR_004_02.png is obtained. Please analyze the problems existing in this spectrum and explain their causes.", "image": ["NMR/NMR_004_01.png", "NMR/NMR_004_02.png"], "answers": ["A: The adjacent small peaks near the main peak originate from the sulfur-34 isotope effect. (3 points)", "B: There are adjacent small peaks near the main peak, which are caused by the isotope effect. (2 points)", "C: Impurities were not completely removed during purification; this small peak corresponds to the fluorine signal of the impurity. (1 point)", "D: The small peaks originate from incomplete decoupling of fluorine with adjacent protons, causing partial signal splitting. (0 points)"]}

data/Experiment_Monitor.jsonl

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{"id": "6199fc77-a573-493d-8b35-d5c9828392f9", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_001", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in Experiment_Monitor_001_01.png, a yellow transparent liquid is present in the microcentrifuge tube. Based on your experimental monitoring experience, please answer: 1. Can the formation of the target product be determined solely by its color? 2. How can precise sampling and analysis verify the reaction endpoint? 3. If the color changes from yellow to black or becomes turbid, what is the most likely systemic cause and optimization strategy? Please provide a detailed analysis.", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Although the yellow transparent state matches the characteristics of certain conjugated products, it cannot be used as the sole criterion. Sampling should be performed for TLC analysis to confirm conversion by comparing the Rf values of the starting material and product, or HPLC can be used to monitor peak area changes to determine the endpoint. If the color is abnormal, it is usually related to catalyst oxidation or polymer formation due to high temperatures. Anhydrous and oxygen-free operations should be strengthened, and automated systems should be used to precisely control the reaction temperature to suppress side reactions. (3 points)", "B: A yellow reaction liquid usually indicates that the reaction is ongoing. It is recommended to directly sample and use a UV spectrophotometer to measure absorbance at specific wavelengths to estimate product concentration. If the absorbance no longer changes, the endpoint is considered reached. If the color deviates, it may be due to insufficient reaction time. One could try adding initiator every two hours and extending the stirring time. While this approach may advance the experiment, the lack of component separation makes it highly susceptible to interference from by-products. (2 points)", "C: The observed yellow liquid indicates chemical changes in the system but cannot confirm the presence of the product. It is recommended to maintain the current stirring speed and observe the color intensity. If the color deepens, it suggests the reaction is still ongoing. If the color does not meet expectations, more solvent can be added to the tube for dilution observation, or a new batch of reagents can be used to conduct parallel experiments. This response lacks professional qualitative analysis methods and relies on empirical attempts, failing to provide effective monitoring. (1 point)", "D: The bright yellow transparent state in the image is a typical signal of high yield, sufficient to determine that the reaction has completely reached the endpoint. The subsequent quenching step can be directly initiated without the need for cumbersome TLC or LC-MS verification. If the color darkens, it indicates spontaneous decomposition of the product, and heating should be stopped immediately, followed by the addition of a large amount of water for quenching. This conclusion completely misleads the model by replacing scientific analysis with visual qualitative judgment, and blind quenching may lead to the complete destruction of water-sensitive intermediates. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "3d7fcb11-2082-4f86-973a-3ea47150ec87", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_002", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in the image Experiment_Monitor_002_01.png, design an efficient experiment monitoring plan based on the state depicted in the image.", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Draw a small amount of solution, dilute it with methanol or acetonitrile, and analyze it using LCMS. (3 points)", "B: Draw a small amount of solution, dilute it with DCM, and analyze the reaction system's Rf value information using TLC plate analysis. (2 points)", "C: When sampling, take both the upper and lower liquid layers separately for analysis, and use TLC to detect the Rf values of each layer. (1 point)", "D: Draw a small amount of solution, dilute it with deuterated reagents, and perform NMR analysis. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "cb36a3ed-5839-4d6a-98f0-4c0cdd7d5d78", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_003", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in Experiment_Monitor_003_01.png, after sampling, the reaction solution exhibits the phenomenon shown in the image. How should it be handled to facilitate subsequent LCMS analysis?", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Take a small amount of the reaction solution, dilute it with methanol or acetonitrile, and proceed with subsequent LCMS analysis. (3 points)", "B: Directly add methanol to ensure the reaction solution becomes homogeneous, then take a portion for LCMS analysis. (2 points)", "C: Add DCM to assist in dissolving the reaction, then take a portion of the reaction solution for LCMS analysis. (1 point)", "D: Heat to dissolve the entire reaction, then take a portion of the reaction solution for LCMS analysis. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "becf77fe-e263-44e8-b72b-d267f3cf235d", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_004", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in Experiment_Monitor_004_01.png, the test paper is used to monitor the progress of the reaction. Based on the color changes, can you determine whether the reaction has reached its endpoint? Please explain your reasoning.", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_004_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The transition of color from red to green may indicate that the system is gradually shifting from acidic to neutral or weakly basic, but it cannot confirm whether the reaction has reached its endpoint. Additional methods are needed for analysis. (3 points)", "B: The color change may suggest some progress in the reaction, but it is not possible to determine whether the endpoint has been reached. (2 points)", "C: The gradual transition of color toward green indicates that the reaction system is becoming neutralized or producing basic products, possibly approaching the endpoint. (1 point)", "D: The color change of the test paper does not provide meaningful information. It could be an issue with the test paper itself or an unrelated phenomenon in the experiment. It is recommended to replace the test paper or redo the experiment. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "8e18ee82-fe9e-4f09-949e-5aa377a06cd2", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_005", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in Figure Experiment_Monitor_005_01.png, based on the heating under reflux reaction apparatus depicted, analyze the main problems present in the figure; should the reaction continue at the current temperature or should conditions be adjusted immediately; how should sampling and monitoring be performed to determine the reaction endpoint? Do not rely solely on conventional experience for your answer.", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_005_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The three-neck round-bottom flask contains an orange-yellow suspension system, with solid deposition observed inside the condenser and solid particles being entrained upward, indicating that the current heating intensity is excessive. It is recommended to immediately reduce the heating power moderately. For sampling, allow cooling, then collect the lower layer suspension, dissolve it, and perform TLC or LC-MS monitoring to determine whether the reaction is complete. (3 points)", "B: : Solid deposition is present inside the condenser in the figure, with no visible traces of continuous uniform droplet flow, indicating that the inner wall is covered by solids reducing heat exchange efficiency. The cooling water flow rate should be increased to enhance reflux. For sampling, perform LC-MS monitoring separately on the precipitated solids and the reaction solution to determine whether the reaction is complete. (2 points)", "C: : No continuous uniform droplet flow traces are visible in the condenser, indicating insufficient cooling water. The cooling water flow rate should be increased immediately to enhance reflux. Simply sample the solids adhering to the flask wall for LC-MS detection to determine the reaction endpoint. (1 point)", "D: : The reflux condenser apparatus shown in the figure is operating well, with the orange reaction solution entering the condenser and refluxing normally; simply maintain the current temperature and cooling water flow rate. For monitoring, sample the reaction solution from the flask and perform direct TLC monitoring. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "c66dc86a-8fcf-4951-9664-0ddd35f3934e", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_006", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in Figure Experiment_Monitor_006_01.png, please analyze the current condenser reflux apparatus status and its function based on the details visible in the figure. Do not rely solely on conventional experience for your answer.", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_006_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : An orange balloon is connected to the top of the condenser in the figure, with the interior filled with condensed water but the side arm port not connected to continuous cooling water. A 'Caution: HCl' warning is present on the condenser, indicating that HCl is used in the reaction within the apparatus, and the condenser serves to prevent HCl volatilization. (3 points)", "B: : The condenser in the figure contains condensed water, with a gas bag/balloon connected at the top for protection, and a 'Caution: HCl' warning on the condenser, indicating that HCl is used in the reaction within the apparatus, and the condenser serves to condense and reflux hydrochloric acid droplets. (2 points)", "C: : The figure shows a heating under reflux apparatus; the gas bag/balloon at the top is primarily used to prevent excessive pressure buildup, and the condenser contains condensed water serving condensation and reflux functions, but safety hazards exist due to the lack of continuous cooling water connection. (1 point)", "D: : The figure shows a heating under reflux apparatus; the gas bag/balloon at the top indicates the system is completely sealed, and the condenser contains condensed water serving condensation and reflux functions. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "2bfda348-cc8c-44b0-8e97-b245b3c08e29", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_007", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in Figure Experiment_Monitor_007_01.png, please systematically analyze based on the apparatus status visible in the figure: whether the current cooling bath is within the effective temperature control range and can maintain the target low temperature; whether there are risks of pressure abnormalities due to frost formation or condensation? Do not rely solely on conventional experience for your answer.", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_007_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : From the figure, the cooling bath shows substantial solid cooling medium mixed with slurry, indicating the system is in a dry ice/solvent-type low temperature range and can still maintain low temperature; significant frost formation is present on glass components, indicating sustained low temperature inside. A vent tube is present on the right side, which can prevent pressure abnormality risks, but it is necessary to ensure the vent tube remains unobstructed. (3 points)", "B: : The cooling bath in the figure still contains substantial solid coolant, indicating low temperature that has not yet become ineffective and can maintain low temperature; an obvious frost layer is present on the exterior of glassware, indicating the system is at a relatively low temperature. The vent tube is connected to a small device, which can prevent pressure abnormality risks. (2 points)", "C: : This is a low-temperature reaction apparatus; ice-like material in the cooling bath indicates relatively low temperature. Frost on the glass indicates the interior is relatively cold. The vent tube in the figure is frosted and may already be blocked, which will lead to pressure abnormalities. (1 point)", "D: : The figure shows an ordinary ice-water bath; unmelted ice can maintain low temperature. Frost on the glass flask in the figure indicates the interior is relatively cold, which may lead to pressure abnormalities. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "7710b603-5a03-42bb-9468-b1ebeb54a4af", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_008", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in Figure Experiment_Monitor_008_01.png, please systematically analyze based on the experimental operations visible in the figure: 1) What operation might the operator be performing; 2) Identify the safety risks present in the experimental procedure shown. Do not rely solely on conventional experience for your answer.", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_008_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : From the figure, the operator is holding a test tube near the funnel opening, with the test tube opening downward and droplets visible at the tube mouth, indicating that liquid is being transferred from the test tube into the round-bottom flask; judging from the chromatography column on the table, this may be the collection stage after column chromatography. The potential safety risk in the figure is that the operator is not wearing nitrile gloves during the operation, presenting a chemical contact hazard. (3 points)", "B: : In the figure, the operator is holding a test tube near the funnel opening, indicating that liquid is being transferred from the test tube into the round-bottom flask; a waste collection device is placed at the bottom of the flask to prevent liquid spillage. The safety risk in the figure is that the operator is not wearing nitrile gloves during the operation, presenting a chemical contact hazard. (2 points)", "C: : In the figure, the operator is holding a test tube near the funnel opening, indicating that reagent addition to the reaction is being performed. The safety risk in the figure is that no magnetic stir bar is placed in the flask, making stirring impossible, which may lead to localized overheating or uneven reaction risks. (1 point)", "D: : Two-phase liquid is present in the flask in the figure, indicating that a liquid-liquid separation operation or two-phase reaction is being performed. No obvious safety risks are present in the figure; the operation may continue. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "05cbea19-4e3b-42b5-80b5-2481f04cd2f4", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_009", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in Figure Experiment_Monitor_009_01.png, based on the apparatus connections and status visible in the figure, analyze the function of each apparatus component and identify the characteristics of the reaction being performed. Do not rely solely on conventional experience for your answer.", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_009_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The constant-pressure dropping funnel in the figure is used for slow liquid addition, the thermometer is used for monitoring the reaction solution temperature, the balloon is used for balancing the reaction system pressure, and the entire apparatus is placed in a low-temperature cooling bath well. The reaction being performed in the figure may be strongly exothermic, requiring temperature control and controlled addition rate. (3 points)", "B: : The constant-pressure dropping funnel in the figure is used for slow liquid addition, the thermometer is used for monitoring the reaction solution temperature, the balloon is used for balancing the reaction system pressure. The reaction being performed in the figure may be strongly exothermic, requiring controlled addition rate, and the balloon is used to prevent excessive pressure buildup in the reaction system. (2 points)", "C: : The dropping funnel in the figure is used for slow liquid addition, the thermometer is used for monitoring the reaction solution temperature, the balloon is used for maintaining an inert gas atmosphere. The reaction being performed in the figure may be strongly exothermic, requiring controlled addition rate, while also requiring an anhydrous and oxygen-free environment. (1 point)", "D: : The dropping funnel in the figure is used for slow liquid addition, the thermometer is used for monitoring the reaction solution temperature, the balloon is used for sealing the reaction system. The reaction being performed in the figure may occur relatively quickly, requiring controlled addition rate. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "f7a3c99c-fa11-414c-be72-f4d233a4eed1", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_Monitor", "item_no": "Experiment_Monitor_010", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment monitoring scenario shown in Figure Experiment_Monitor_010_01.png, based on the reaction solution status record in the figure, identify the abnormal aspects; and provide the optimal sampling and monitoring method. Do not rely solely on conventional experience for your answer.", "image": ["Experiment_Monitor/Experiment_Monitor_010_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : From the figure, significant solid precipitation is visible adhering to the flask walls in the reaction vessel, likely due to solids precipitating and then adhering to the walls during the stirring process. For sampling and monitoring, consider filtration followed by separate dissolution and TLC or LC-MS monitoring of the filtrate and filter residue. (3 points)", "B: : The image shows the reaction solution is stratified, with the upper suspension layer containing solids precipitated during the reaction process, and the lower layer being clear liquid. For sampling and monitoring, the upper and lower layer liquids can be separately collected, dissolved, and subjected to TLC or LC-MS monitoring. (2 points)", "C: : The image shows solid precipitation in the reaction solution; for sampling, simply collect a portion of the precipitated solids, dissolve them, and perform TLC. (1 point)", "D: : The reaction solution in the figure is heterogeneous, with the lower layer being clear; for sampling and monitoring, simply sample the lower layer clear liquid for TLC. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "5dff319e-b8fb-492c-8bb4-bbf6f501fcb5", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_001", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment scene shown in experiment_notes_001_01.png, what is the most important thing to record?", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Record the subtle differences in the color of the reaction solution. (3 points)", "B: Record the sample numbers and label information. (2 points)", "C: Record the reaction time of the samples. (1 point)", "D: Record the scale of the reaction for the samples. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "89962e39-d452-4e72-8fa2-6d84f8e8b5d9", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_002", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment scene shown in experiment_notes_002_01.png, what key phenomenon should be recorded?", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The color differences between different samples. (3 points)", "B: The clarity differences between different samples. (2 points)", "C: The layering situation of different samples. (1 point)", "D: The reaction time of different samples. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "f1ab9c2b-adfc-4cc7-81cf-711a2a2e00fa", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_003", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment scene shown in the image experiment_notes_003_01.png, what information should be recorded most importantly at the current stage?.", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The product appears foam-like. (3 points)", "B: The product color. (2 points)", "C: The reaction time. (1 point)", "D: The reaction temperature. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "1caea72a-8595-4202-be88-f50080f8b278", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_004", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image experiment_notes_004_01.png, write down the phenomenon that you think should be recorded most importantly.", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_004_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Sample phase separation. (3 points)", "B: The color of each layer. (2 points)", "C: The reaction solvent. (1 point)", "D: The reaction time. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "76987e69-7815-4b79-a56a-184e404efcf4", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_005", "question": "Based on the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image experiment_notes_005_01.png, what information should be recorded most importantly?", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_005_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The reaction shows fluorescence. (3 points)", "B: The substrate differences between the two reactions. (2 points)", "C: The reaction solvent. (1 point)", "D: The reaction temperature. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "6e274f52-2397-498e-82f6-c2212e631d48", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_006", "question": "Based on the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image experiment_notes_006_01.png, which key phenomena should be recorded at this moment in the experiment?", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_006_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Record the precipitation of green solid on the bottle wall. (3 points)", "B: The reaction liquid exhibits a green color. (2 points)", "C: The reaction might be heterogeneous. (1 point)", "D: There is a phenomenon of liquid layering. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "383d0850-bda8-494a-ba00-3798c86d96dd", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_007", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment details shown in experiment_notes_007_01.png, after the reaction to remove the Boc protecting group, the stopper exhibits the phenomenon shown in the image. Analyze the possible reason.", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_007_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Acid volatilization during the reaction caused the stopper to corrode. (3 points)", "B: The reaction was vigorous, causing the reaction liquid to splash onto the stopper. (2 points)", "C: The reaction substrate corroded the stopper. (1 point)", "D: Gas produced during the reaction caused a color change in the stopper. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "e8d5b384-5e7e-47b6-9c92-d9c5a2e34f0e", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_008", "question": "Based on the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image experiment_notes_008_01.png, what key phenomena should be recorded at this moment? Additionally, provide a one-sentence analysis of the most likely cause of the phenomenon.", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_008_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Fluorescence may be observed, which could be due to the presence of specific chromophores. (3 points)", "B: Record the color of the compound, as this phenomenon may be caused by the properties of the product. (2 points)", "C: Record the reaction time to facilitate future experimental replication. (1 point)", "D: At this moment, the reaction yield and purity should be recorded, as this is the stage for yield calculation. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "6e05d07d-09cb-43ea-9736-2c8c145cc00d", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_009", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment scene shown in experiment_notes_009_01.png, please write down the information that should be recorded most importantly.", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_009_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The amount of solvent used. (3 points)", "B: The order of addition. (2 points)", "C: The reaction scale. (1 point)", "D: The reaction time. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "29d1e4df-8809-4c25-8405-d0b96f801a46", "major_category": "Experiment_Monitor", "category": "Experiment_notes", "item_no": "experiment_notes_010", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image experiment_notes_010_01.png, which key phenomena should be recorded at this moment?", "image": ["Experiment_notes/experiment_notes_010_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The bubbling phenomenon in the reaction solution should be recorded. (3 points)", "B: The reaction time should be recorded. (2 points)", "C: The specific pressure should be recorded. (1 point)", "D: The specific scale of the reaction should be recorded. (0 points)"]}

data/Experiment_Postprocess.jsonl

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{"id": "e9024406-f98d-44b2-8720-726bbeec9975", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Column", "item_no": "column_001", "question": "The UV curve of the automated column chromatography purification system is shown in column_001_01.png, and the collection tubes are shown in column_001_02.png. Compare the condition of collection tube No. 18 in both figures and analyze what substance might have been collected in this tube.", "image": ["Column/column_001_01.png", "Column/column_001_02.png"], "answers": ["A: Possible collection of impurities such as natural product pigments or inorganic complexes. The liquid in tube No. 18 appears light pink with no UV absorption at 254/280 nm, indicating the absence of an aromatic conjugated system. (3 points)", "B: Possible collection of impurities from the column chromatography elution solvent. The fraction in tube No. 18 shows no UV absorption, but a light pink substance is visible to the naked eye. (2 points)", "C: The colored liquid in tube No. 18 indicates that the substance in this tube is the target product. The weak UV signal and light color are due to low concentration. (1 point)", "D: Tube No. 18 is a blank solvent tube containing only eluent and should be treated as waste liquid. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "af27d795-9450-4ff1-bfe2-1bf114953628", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Column", "item_no": "column_002", "question": "During the column chromatography elution process shown in column_002_01.png, the phenomenon depicted in the figure was observed. Analyze the possible causes and propose improvement strategies.", "image": ["Column/column_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Tailing may be caused by excessive adsorption of the sample on the stationary phase due to insufficient polarity of the solvent system. This can be improved by gradient elution with gradual increase in the proportion of high-polarity solvent. (3 points)", "B: Tailing may be caused by sample overloading. Try reducing the sample concentration to improve separation. (2 points)", "C: Tailing may be related to stationary phase selection; it is recommended to try different packing materials. (1 point)", "D: The overlap of two absorption peaks may be due to the similar polarity of the two substances causing close elution times and resulting in overlap. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "88f4d6d3-09ef-4b9e-ab3d-14317aa05aac", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Column", "item_no": "column_003", "question": "The UV curve of the automated column chromatography purification system is shown in column_003_01.png. After separation, unknown signals appeared in the NMR spectrum of the product. What is the most likely cause of this situation? How should the conditions be adjusted?", "image": ["Column/column_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Sample overloading caused peak broadening and significantly reduced column separation efficiency, leading to collection of impurities. Optimization method: strictly control the sample loading amount. (3 points)", "B: The UV detector signal was saturated, masking the small peaks of subsequent impurities. A non-maximum absorption wavelength should be selected for re-monitoring. (2 points)", "C: The elution polarity of the column chromatography was insufficient, causing product tailing and resulting in collection of impurities. Gradient elution should be used to gradually increase the eluent polarity. (1 point)", "D: Product decomposition occurred during column chromatography, causing the appearance of unknown signals. Different eluents or column packing materials should be used to avoid decomposition. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "e125e692-33a5-4e3a-a9b5-da60788ec2b6", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Evaporation", "item_no": "Evaporation_001", "question": "Before performing column chromatography, dry loading is required. After adding silica gel to the sample solution and performing prolonged rotary evaporation, the silica gel appears as shown in Evaporation_001_01.png. What should be done to ensure subsequent experimental procedures proceed normally?", "image": ["Evaporation/Evaporation_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Add a low-polarity co-solvent, add an appropriate amount of silica gel and mix thoroughly, then continue rotary evaporation. (3 points)", "B: Use an oil pump to achieve deeper vacuum to facilitate removal of residual solvent. (2 points)", "C: Extend rotary evaporation time under current water bath temperature and vacuum conditions. (1 point)", "D: Increase the water bath temperature of the rotary evaporator and continue rotary evaporation. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "da92e550-96ce-4366-8011-9c6ea9e320bd", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Evaporation", "item_no": "Evaporation_002", "question": "After extracting the product with ethyl acetate, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. Rotary evaporation parameters are shown in Evaporation_002_01.png. However, after a long time, the system still remains in the state shown in Evaporation_002_02.png. Analyze possible causes and propose methods to improve experimental efficiency.", "image": ["Evaporation/Evaporation_002_01.png", "Evaporation/Evaporation_002_02.png"], "answers": ["A: The water bath temperature is only 25°C, and the pressure gauge reads 150 Torr. The current temperature and vacuum level do not meet the requirements for efficient removal of ethyl acetate. The water bath temperature should be increased to above 30°C, while the vacuum should be deepened to approximately 90 Torr; subsequently, continue to increase water bath temperature and vacuum level. (3 points)", "B: The system pressure is maintained at 150 Torr, which is insufficient vacuum for ethyl acetate evaporation. The pressure should be reduced below 80 Torr. (2 points)", "C: The water bath temperature is only 25°C, which cannot provide sufficient heat for efficient ethyl acetate evaporation. It should be increased above 45°C. (1 point)", "D: The rotary evaporator rotation speed is too fast, causing large amounts of ethyl acetate to adhere to the flask walls without forming an effective liquid film, producing only physical dispersion and thus hindering evaporation. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "26132172-5a47-46f4-895e-c878e55d611d", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Evaporation", "item_no": "Evaporation_003", "question": "Before performing column chromatography, dry loading is required. After adding silica gel to the sample solution and performing rotary evaporation, the situation shown in Evaporation_003_01.png occurred. Analyze the cause and explain how to avoid this situation.", "image": ["Evaporation/Evaporation_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: During rotary evaporation, the vacuum was applied too quickly and the water bath temperature was too high, causing bumping that carried silica gel powder splashing. Cotton plugs should be placed in the anti-splash guard to prevent silica gel from being drawn into the tubing. (3 points)", "B: During rotary evaporation, the vacuum increased too rapidly and the water bath temperature was high, causing solvent bumping. A slow vacuum application, low rotation speed, low temperature startup procedure should be adopted, with parameters adjusted gradually to prevent bumping. (2 points)", "C: The water bath temperature was too high, causing violent solvent boiling; the water bath temperature setting should be reduced. (1 point)", "D: The rotary evaporator rotation speed was too slow, causing silica gel to accumulate and cake at the bottom of the flask. The rotation speed should be increased. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "971c3866-ce6b-4631-b314-12a7286d9f5c", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Extraction", "item_no": "Extraction_001", "question": "During the extraction process, the situation shown in Extraction_001_01.png is observed. What is the best operation to solve this problem?", "image": ["Extraction/Extraction_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Add a small amount of saturated brine to break the emulsion through the salting-out effect. (3 points)", "B: Gently shake the separatory funnel and use a glass rod to help break the interfacial film. (2 points)", "C: Allow to stand for an extended period to wait for layer separation. (1 point)", "D: Vigorously shake the emulsion and heat the separatory funnel to 40°C to accelerate layer separation. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "94d1e84e-3540-420e-b90b-8f08b8fa2592", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Extraction", "item_no": "Extraction_002", "question": "The compound is shown in Extraction_002_01.png. The aqueous mixture is extracted with dichloromethane, shaken thoroughly, and allowed to stand for layer separation. Which layer should be monitored next?", "image": ["Extraction/Extraction_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The lower layer, because benzoic acid has greater solubility in dichloromethane than in water, and dichloromethane has greater density than water. (3 points)", "B: Both layers should be monitored, because benzoic acid has certain solubility in both DCM and water. (2 points)", "C: The lower layer, because benzoic acid has greater solubility in dichloromethane than in water. (1 point)", "D: The upper layer, because benzoic acid has lower solubility in dichloromethane than in water, and dichloromethane has lower density than water. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "ef25d604-df74-48d2-9598-66c51bc7cfbc", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Extraction", "item_no": "Extraction_003", "question": "DMF is used as the reaction solvent. After reaction completion, the mixture is monitored by LC-MS; the spectrum is shown in Extraction_003_01.png. How should this be handled subsequently?", "image": ["Extraction/Extraction_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Re-extract the aqueous phase with ethyl acetate three times, then perform LC-MS analysis. The final product peak appears only in the organic phase. (3 points)", "B: Extract with other organic solvents and perform LC-MS analysis; the final product peak appears only in the organic phase. (2 points)", "C: Mix the organic and aqueous phases, re-extract, and then proceed directly with subsequent operations. (1 point)", "D: Remove the organic phase by rotary evaporation, then proceed directly with subsequent steps. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "9c299aae-ec99-442d-8366-864764c32c46", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Lyophilized", "item_no": "lyophilized_001", "question": "In the freeze-dried product shown in Figure lyophilized_001_01.png, analyze the following question: 1. Did any operational problems or improper parameter settings occur during the sample freeze-drying process?", "image": ["Lyophilized/lyophilized_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : From the sample state analysis, the sample is in powder form with no operational problems, which is a normal post-freeze-drying state. Therefore, it is inferred that there are no operational problems. (3 points)", "B: : From the sample state analysis, the sample is in powder form with no operational problems, which is a normal post-freeze-drying state. Possible operational problem: excessive sample loading, resulting in prolonged freeze-drying time. (2 points)", "C: : From the sample state analysis, the sample shows uneven distribution. Possible operational problem: insufficient temperature setting during the pre-freezing stage of the freeze-dryer, causing the sample to not freeze completely. (1 point)", "D: : From the sample state analysis, sample agglomeration may be caused by insufficient temperature during the pre-freezing stage or excessive vacuum during the sublimation stage. Improvement methods include increasing the pre-freezing temperature and reducing the vacuum, but the influence of sample loading thickness on drying uniformity was not considered in detail. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "f5b212d5-3f34-4729-83e3-8694958dd738", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Lyophilized", "item_no": "lyophilized_002", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment freeze-drying operation scenario shown in Figure lyophilized_002_01.png, what is the most likely cause of the situation shown in the figure?", "image": ["Lyophilized/lyophilized_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The sample was not fully frozen during liquid nitrogen freezing, resulting in incomplete freezing of the sample. (3 points)", "B: : Caused by insufficient cold trap temperature. (2 points)", "C: : Sample overflow may be related to excessive sample loading, and there may also be a problem of excessively high vacuum setting during the sublimation stage. (1 point)", "D: : The sample structure was unstable during the solution sublimation process, causing sample overflow. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "d77630cb-f352-4d73-9d07-e858ef32610a", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Lyophilized", "item_no": "lyophilized_003", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment freeze-drying operation scenario shown in Figure lyophilized_003_01.png, analyze whether the current instrument status allows freeze-drying operation? If the status is abnormal, how should it be operated?", "image": ["Lyophilized/lyophilized_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The display shows normal temperature but insufficient pressure value. Subsequent operation: wait for ten minutes, if pressure decreases, freeze-drying operation can proceed. (3 points)", "B: : The display shows normal temperature but insufficient pressure value. Subsequent operation: check if there is air leakage at the black rubber ring interface. (2 points)", "C: : The display shows normal temperature but insufficient pressure value. Subsequent operation: check if other outlets are completely closed. (1 point)", "D: : The cold trap temperature and vacuum display are normal, and freeze-drying operation can proceed directly. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "dfe97662-37cf-4dd7-8700-eda3b39bd9ff", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Recrystallization", "item_no": "Recrystallization_001", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment recrystallization operation scenario shown in Figure Recrystallization_001_01.png, please analyze the following questions: 1. Based on the information in the figure, determine whether there are any abnormal phenomena currently present, and speculate on possible causes; 2. If abnormalities exist, please propose specific improvement measures; 3. Combined with the information in the figure, explain how to optimize subsequent operations to improve crystal purity.", "image": ["Recrystallization/Recrystallization_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : Undissolved compound exists in the flask in the figure, indicating an error in the first step of solvent selection with poor solubility. It is recommended to improve the recrystallization method by first heating and raising the temperature, then slowly cooling down, and re-evaluating the solvent system to select a solvent more suitable for the target compound to optimize the solubility difference. In addition, the connection standardization of the suction filtration device needs to be checked to ensure good fit between the filter paper and funnel to avoid overly wet filter cake. During washing, a small amount of cold solvent should be used to avoid dissolving crystals. (3 points)", "B: : Undissolved compound exists in the flask in the figure, indicating an error in the first step of solvent selection with poor solubility. It is recommended to extend the cooling time and use ice bath assistance, while checking whether the solvent system is suitable for the solubility difference of the target compound. During suction filtration, attention should be paid to filter paper fit, and cold solvent should be used for washing to reduce crystal dissolution and ensure complete transfer of crystals to the filter paper to minimize product loss. (2 points)", "C: : Undissolved compound exists in the flask in the figure, indicating an error in the first step of solvent selection with poor solubility. It is recommended to treat the mother liquor with activated carbon decolorization and optimize the suction filtration device connection to improve filter cake quality. (1 point)", "D: : Crystal morphology in the flask in the figure indicates that recrystallization is complete, and no further optimization is needed. The current device can be used directly during suction filtration. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "5519f35d-bf34-4a06-8c47-9dbae86ae214", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Recrystallization", "item_no": "Recrystallization_002", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment recrystallization operation scenario shown in Figure Recrystallization_002_01.png, please analyze the following questions based on the phenomena shown in the figure: \n1. Which stage is the current recrystallization operation in? \n2. What problems are reflected by the state in the figure? \n3. Based on the phenomena in the figure, propose at least two improvement strategies to optimize the recrystallization effect, and explain their principles.", "image": ["Recrystallization/Recrystallization_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : Current operation may be at the stage of adding solvent for dissolution. Undissolved white solid can be observed on the side of the flask, indicating that the selected solvent is not the best solvent. Improvement strategies include: (1) Re-selecting the solvent system to ensure the target compound fully dissolves at high temperature and solubility significantly decreases at low temperature; (2) Controlling the cooling rate, for example first naturally cooling at room temperature, then transferring to ice bath to avoid oily substance precipitation; (3) Adding a small amount of activated carbon before dissolution to remove impurities and reduce oily substance formation during crystallization. The principles of the above strategies are optimizing the solvent system and cooling conditions to improve crystal purity and morphology. (3 points)", "B: : Current operation may be at the crystallization stage, irregular crystal morphology in the flask and darker mother liquor color may be due to incomplete impurity removal or unreasonable cooling conditions. Improvement suggestions include: (1) Trying to change the solvent system to improve dissolution and crystallization efficiency of the target compound; (2) Performing hot filtration before cooling to remove insoluble impurities. The above methods can improve crystal purity to some extent, but experimental conditions may need further optimization. (2 points)", "C: : Current operation may be at the crystallization stage, irregular crystal morphology in the flask. This may be due to insufficient cooling or solvent evaporation. Improvement suggestions include: extending cooling time or replenishing solvent, but how to solve the oily substance problem is not clearly specified. (1 point)", "D: : Current operation may be at the cooling crystallization stage, crystal morphology is normal. Further optimization can consider selecting greener solvents to reduce pollution. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "53c412cb-a40d-48b7-9ae3-d59a503886ea", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Trituration", "item_no": "Trituration_001", "question": "In the trituration-related scenario shown in Figure Trituration_001_01.png, please analyze the following questions based on this figure, analyze possible causes, and propose two improvement strategies to optimize the trituration purification effect.", "image": ["Trituration/Trituration_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : The amount of solvent used is insufficient to completely dissolve all products, causing some products to remain in solid form. The amount of solvent can be increased to ensure all target products are dissolved, or a small amount of solvent with better solubility can be added to ensure complete dissolution of the product. (3 points)", "B: : The amount of solvent used is insufficient to completely dissolve all products, causing some products to remain in solid form. The temperature can be appropriately increased to ensure complete dissolution of target products, then cool down for trituration, referring to recrystallization treatment methods, or a small amount of solvent with better solubility can be added to ensure complete dissolution of the product. (2 points)", "C: : It may be due to improper solvent selection, causing impurities and products to co-deposit. When selecting preferred solvents, the solubility differences of impurities should be considered, choosing solvents where the product is slightly soluble while impurities are soluble. Meanwhile, control the trituration temperature within a range below the solvent boiling point to avoid uneven deposition caused by rapid solvent volatilization. The stirring method should ensure uniform slurry distribution to avoid local supersaturation. (1 point)", "D: : The deposits may be due to excessively high trituration temperature causing rapid solvent volatilization. You can try lowering the trituration temperature or selecting solvents with higher boiling points. Meanwhile, avoid local supersaturation phenomena during stirring. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "e8ebae0d-6aa3-4552-985f-12f9112f6ffc", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Trituration", "item_no": "Trituration_002", "question": "In the trituration-related scenario shown in Figure Trituration_002_01.png, please analyze the following questions based on this figure, analyze the possible causes of this phenomenon, and propose strategies to optimize the trituration purification effect. Explain how to improve the purification effect by adjusting these conditions.", "image": ["Trituration/Trituration_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : There is a problem with the size of the selected flask. Under the premise of ensuring experimental operation safety, choose the smallest possible flask for trituration to reduce product adhesion to the flask wall, which leads to poor results. Subsequently, the flask can be replaced and the operation can be repeated without changing the current reagent amounts. (3 points)", "B: : There is a problem with the magnetic stirrer selected for the experiment. A stirrer should be chosen that can agitate the entire reaction liquid while ensuring that the trituration compound does not splash. When selecting a magnetic stirrer, the size of the stirrer should be compatible with the flask size to ensure the stirrer can completely cover the bottom of the flask, thereby ensuring the trituration effect. Subsequently, the magnetic stirrer can be replaced and the operation can be repeated without changing the current reagent amounts. (2 points)", "C: : The suspended state of solid product in the figure may be due to insignificant solubility differences between the solvent and the product, resulting in ineffective impurity removal. Optimization strategies include selecting more suitable solvents to make the product slightly soluble while impurities are soluble, increasing solid-liquid ratio to improve mass transfer efficiency, using stronger stirring to promote uniform contact, and reducing product dissolution through low temperature control. (1 point)", "D: : It may be due to insufficient solvent amount. You can increase the solvent amount to improve the suspended state. However, the selective dissolution capacity of the solvent and the effect of stirring are not considered. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "54c34c77-b101-43e2-9603-bf5013eb8dec", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "Trituration", "item_no": "Trituration_003", "question": "In the trituration-related scenario shown in Figure Trituration_003_01.png, please analyze the following questions based on this figure. It is known that this product is slightly soluble in solvent n-hexane, while the main impurity is easily soluble in solvent n-hexane. The experimenter found that after trituration, it still appears as shown in the figure. Please analyze the most likely cause and propose an improvement plan.", "image": ["Trituration/Trituration_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : Improper operation, using a glass rod for trituration, resulting in insufficient stirring and incomplete impurity dissolution. Improvement plan: Use a magnetic stirrer to ensure sufficient stirring. (3 points)", "B: : Improper operation, using a glass rod for trituration, resulting in insufficient stirring and incomplete impurity dissolution. Improvement plan: Add one drop of solvent with good solubility for the product to achieve the effect of first dissolving, then precipitating. (2 points)", "C: : The dissolving capacity of n-hexane for impurities is insufficient, resulting in insufficient impurity dissolution. Improvement plan: Select a solvent with higher solubility for impurities and increase the amount of solvent used. (1 point)", "D: : It may be due to improper solvent selection resulting in incomplete impurity removal. The improvement plan is to try using other solvents. The expected effect is that the product color may be improved. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "81b492f6-e84e-40ea-ac13-72fe83d833b7", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "TLC", "item_no": "TLC_001", "question": "In the experiment, an attempt was made to extend the Mitsunobu reaction to more nucleophilic substrate materials. The structure of the catalyst BEHT triflate used is shown in TLC_001_01.png. After spotting the reaction mixture onto the TLC plate, the obtained data is shown in TLC_001_02.png. Please analyze the possible cause of the abnormal spot morphology and provide specific operable solutions.", "image": ["TLC/TLC_001_01.png", "TLC/TLC_001_02.png"], "answers": ["A: The Mitsunobu reaction system contains polar alcohol substrates as well as nucleophilic reagents such as alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, and amines, which are easily adsorbed by silica gel. Solution: Add trace amounts of triethylamine or acetic acid to the developing solvent to suppress silica gel adsorption. (3 points)", "B: The Mitsunobu reaction system contains polar alcohol substrates as well as nucleophilic reagents such as alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, and amines, which are easily adsorbed by silica gel. Solution: Increase the polarity of the developing solvent to force elution. (2 points)", "C: The sample is severely overloaded, causing tailing. Solution: Reduce the spotting amount. (1 point)", "D: The catalyst used in the reaction is a strongly polar salt, which easily tails on silica gel plates. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "a3044518-6edb-4d52-a83b-7f5a6605f236", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "TLC", "item_no": "TLC_002", "question": "When using the compound shown in TLC_002_01.png as a base for nucleophilic substitution reactions, two rounds of thin-layer chromatography were performed, obtaining the results shown in TLC_002_02.png and TLC_002_03.png respectively. Please compare the two TLC results and explain the cause of this phenomenon.", "image": ["TLC/TLC_002_01.png", "TLC/TLC_002_02.png", "TLC/TLC_002_03.png"], "answers": ["A: The silica gel surface is rich in weakly acidic silanol groups. Basic amine compounds undergo adsorption with silica gel, resulting in severe tailing. For the second spotting, 1% triethylamine was added, enabling amine compounds to migrate normally and form symmetrical, rounded spots. (3 points)", "B: Basic amine compounds undergo adsorption on the silica gel surface, causing tailing. From the migration behavior, the developing solvent system polarity was stronger in the second spotting, improving the tailing situation. (2 points)", "C: The spotting amount was smaller in the second spotting, causing the originally tailed spots to become compact circular spots. (1 point)", "D: Neutral alumina plates were selected for the second plate spotting to avoid tailing. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "84344d5b-cc14-4bb7-80cd-cf760c2e9ffa", "major_category": "Experiment_Postprocess", "category": "TLC", "item_no": "TLC_003", "question": "When monitoring the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, TLC analysis obtained the results shown in TLC_003_01.png; after 2 hours of reaction, TLC analysis was performed again under the same conditions, obtaining the results shown in TLC_003_02.png. Based on the observed dynamic changes, determine whether the reaction has reached completion at this time and provide reasons.", "image": ["TLC/TLC_003_01.png", "TLC/TLC_003_02.png"], "answers": ["A: TLC analysis shows that the boronic acid starting material has been completely consumed, the product spot intensity has reached a plateau, while residual aryl halide still exists. Since the boronic acid starting material is the limiting reagent, even if unreacted aryl halide remains, the reaction can be judged as complete. (3 points)", "B: The product spot intensity no longer increases and the boronic acid starting material disappears, indicating that the coupling reaction has stopped. However, due to residual aryl halide, in a strict sense the conversion is not complete, and additional boronic acid raw material should be added to promote complete conversion. (2 points)", "C: Although the boronic acid starting material is no longer visible in TLC, it may undergo self-coupling to form by-products. Residual aryl halide and unchanged product intensity may also indicate catalyst deactivation and that the reaction has not reached chemical equilibrium. (1 point)", "D: The new spot is more likely to come from self-coupling of boronic acid rather than the desired cross-coupling product, indicating that the reaction has not proceeded effectively. (0 points)"]}

data/Experiment_Preparation.jsonl

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+{"id": "cd749510-62e8-455e-afd1-9517ad420a73", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_001", "question": "Based on the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_001_01.png, analyze potential safety hazards and design corresponding safety protection measures.", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Unsealed reagent bottles in the image may lead to volatile gas leakage; the presence of flammable materials near the heating equipment could trigger a fire; and the cluttered arrangement of reagent bottles and tools might cause spills or operational errors. Recommendations: 1. Ensure all reagent bottles are tightly sealed and kept away from heat sources; 2. Clear flammable materials around the heating equipment and equip the area with a fire extinguisher; 3. Optimize the layout of the laboratory bench by classifying and organizing reagents and tools. (3 points)", "B: The reagent bottles in the image are arranged in a cluttered manner, and there are debris near the heating equipment, which may pose safety risks. Recommendations include classifying and organizing the reagent bottles to ensure they are sealed, and keeping the area around the heating equipment clean to prevent the accumulation of flammable substances. (2 points)", "C: Reagent bottles may be unsealed, posing a risk of volatile gas leakage. It is recommended to perform the experiment inside a fume hood and wear protective goggles and gloves. (1 point)", "D: The laboratory should be kept clean and tidy to avoid clutter. It is recommended to clean regularly and wear protective goggles. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "6cfd4152-1ed6-4249-ab01-6c70e4c1692f", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_002", "question": "Based on the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_002_01.png, please evaluate the safety of the setup and propose improvement measures.", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The stacking method of the reagent drums in the image is unstable, which may lead to tipping over and chemical leakage; they are stored without classification, resulting in the mixing of chemicals with different properties; there is no secondary containment or spill tray, which could cause contamination in the event of a leak. Recommendations: 1. Segregate and store reagent drums by chemical category with clear zone labels to avoid mixing incompatible chemicals; 2. Use stable racks or specialized storage cabinets to avoid stacking; 3. Equip the area with spill trays or absorbent materials to handle potential leaks. (3 points)", "B: The reagent drums in the image are stored in stacks, which may pose risks of tipping over and leakage, and no obvious protective measures are observed. Recommendations for improvement include: 1. Use storage racks instead of direct stacking; 2. Equip spill trays to prevent the spread of leaks; 3. Regularly check the sealing integrity of the reagent drums. (2 points)", "C: Stacking reagent drums may cause a risk of leakage. It is recommended to use racks for storage and regularly inspect the reagent drums. (1 point)", "D: The storage method of the reagent drums in the image is acceptable; it is only necessary to regularly inspect the drum bodies. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "601b09db-47fa-4c93-b4ed-6f125799b9ef", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_003", "question": "Based on the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_003_01.png, complete the following tasks:\n1. Identify potential safety hazards visible in the image.\n2. Design specific safety measures to address the identified hazards. Answers must be based on the visible details in the image and not rely solely on general knowledge.", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Safety hazards in the image: 1) An open heating device without temperature control is used, which may lead to overheating or solvent splashing; 2) Reagent bottles are poured directly without using precise dispensing tools, which may lead to spills or accidental additions; 3) Laboratory personnel are not wearing protective gloves. Improvement measures include: using heating equipment equipped with temperature controls and protective shields; using burettes or pipettes for precise dispensing; laboratory personnel must wear protective gloves and remove watches or other accessories; transferring operations to a fume hood. (3 points)", "B: The main hazards in the image include: the heating device is an open induction cooker, which may cause overheating; laboratory personnel are not wearing protective gloves; the work area is close to a trash can, posing a potential fire hazard. Suggested improvements: replace with heating equipment equipped with temperature control; laboratory personnel should wear protective gloves; move the trash can away from the work area. (2 points)", "C: An induction cooker is used for heating in the experiment, which poses a risk of excessive temperature; laboratory personnel are not wearing protective gloves, which may pose a safety hazard. Suggested improvements: replace the heating equipment and wear protective gloves. (1 point)", "D: The operator in the experiment uses an induction cooker for heating, indicating that a more efficient heating method may be required. It is recommended to switch to higher-power heating equipment. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "4f65f268-a9c4-4ec2-93a5-68b1042c3a08", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_004", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in Experiment_Safety_004_01.png, please identify the greatest safety risk based on the image.", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_004_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The heating sensor probe is not placed in the oil bath. (3 points)", "B: The separatory funnel is too close to the heating module. (2 points)", "C: There is no corresponding collection flask below the separatory funnel. (1 point)", "D: The benchtop is cluttered, making it easy to accidentally bump into the setup. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "07bccfba-dbfe-4b3d-995b-3aa82ae41a2b", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_005", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the image Experiment_Safety_005_01.png, identify potential safety risks based on the information in the image and design reasonable protective measures and emergency plans.", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_005_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The reaction vessel in the image is connected to multiple gas tubes and uses a balloon to collect gas, which may pose a risk of pressure build-up, especially if the balloon over-inflates or is improperly connected. Attention should be paid to using a fume hood to prevent the diffusion of toxic or flammable gases caused by leaks. (3 points)", "B: The reaction vessel in the image is connected to multiple gas tubes and uses a balloon to collect gas, which may pose a risk of pressure build-up, especially if the balloon over-inflates or is improperly connected. Improvement measures include using pressure-relief devices or tail gas absorption systems to prevent the balloon from over-inflating, and checking the gas tube connections to ensure proper sealing. (2 points)", "C: The balloon in the image is used to collect gas, but its highly inflated state may pose a risk of pressure build-up. The sealing of the reaction vessel and the connection of the tubes need further inspection. Suggested improvements include monitoring the inflation of the balloon to avoid over-inflation. (1 point)", "D: The balloon in the image may pose a risk of pressure build-up, but no obvious signs of leakage are observed. It is recommended to strengthen personal protective measures, such as wearing gloves and protective goggles. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "94f45f51-1311-48e7-a62e-ed56bb3b05a8", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_006", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_006_01.png, identify potential safety hazards and design targeted protective and emergency measures. Based on the information in the image, analyze the following questions:\n1. What risks might this experiment pose?\n2. Are the existing safety measures sufficient? How can they be improved?\n3. What emergency measures should be taken in case of an incident?", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_006_01.png"], "answers": ["A: This experiment involves multiple potential risks: the HCl label in the image indicates that hydrochloric acid is used in the reaction, whereas only an orange balloon is used at the top of the condensation apparatus; both ends of the reflux condenser tube are blocked during heating with no circulating cooling water flowing through, relying solely on the static water within the tube, which poses a risk of balloon rupture. Suggested improvements include: using a specialized tail gas absorption apparatus instead of a balloon; reinforcing ventilation facilities; and equipping emergency adsorbent materials to handle potential gas leaks. (3 points)", "B: The HCl label in the image indicates that the reaction may release toxic or corrosive gases; the heating equipment could cause overheating of reagents, and the balloon used as a gas treatment device might be unsafe. Suggested improvements include upgrading the tail gas treatment apparatus, reinforcing ventilation facilities, and wearing protective goggles and gloves. (2 points)", "C: The experiment may release corrosive gases, but the balloon used as a tail gas treatment device may serve a certain function. It is recommended to improve ventilation conditions, and laboratory personnel should wear protective goggles and gloves. If a gas leak occurs, the heat source can be turned off and personnel evacuated. (1 point)", "D: The experimental setup appears relatively safe, and no additional protective measures are required. If a gas leak occurs, simple ventilation can resolve the issue. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "353b9578-8616-4986-a573-b30f43b1c639", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_007", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_007_01.png, based on the visible information in the image, complete the following tasks: 1. Identify potential safety hazards in the experimental setup. 2. Design corresponding protective measures for the identified hazards. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of existing safety measures and propose improvement suggestions. Please answer based on specific details in the image.", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_007_01.png"], "answers": ["A: It is observed that a constant-pressure dropping funnel is used, and a large amount of white mist is being generated inside the reaction flask. This indicates that the hazardous reagent is being added too rapidly and the efficiency of the ice bath might be insufficient, posing a risk. A tail gas absorption apparatus should be added, the setup should be switched to a dry ice bath, ventilation should be enhanced, and personal protection should be ensured. (3 points)", "B: It is observed that a constant-pressure dropping funnel is used, and a large amount of white mist is being generated inside the reaction flask. This indicates that the dropping rate is too fast and the reaction is violent, posing a risk. The dropping rate should be reduced, ventilation enhanced, and personal protection ensured. (2 points)", "C: The primary hazard in this experimental setup is the risk of explosion. It is recommended to ensure that the condenser connections are well-sealed and to keep the fume hood operational. In addition, attention should be paid to the temperature control of the heating equipment to prevent overheating. Laboratory personnel should wear protective goggles and gloves, and a fire extinguisher should be placed near the laboratory bench. (1 point)", "D: There is a potential flammability risk caused by ethanol vapor in the experimental setup. It is recommended to keep the fume hood running during the experiment and wear protective goggles and gloves. Meanwhile, attention should also be paid to the water flow in the condenser to prevent cooling failure. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "d43a0f8d-4ce7-4aa8-83e0-de1675034c5a", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_008", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_008_01.png, please complete the following tasks based on the visible information in the image:\n\n1. Identify the most significant safety hazard in the image and analyze its potential risks.\n2. Design an improvement plan based on the observed situation.\n3. Propose an emergency response measure most relevant to this scenario, in line with laboratory safety management principles.", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_008_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The visible white deposits in the image might be a certain chemical substance capable of volatilizing, posing an inhalation risk to laboratory personnel. Suggestion for improvement: Add an eyewash station next to the sink to mitigate the severity of accidental incidents. (3 points)", "B: There are obvious white deposits inside the sink in the image, which may be residues of strong acids, strong bases, or other chemical reagents, indicating that the waste liquid was discharged without sufficient dilution or neutralization. This could cause corrosion or clogging of the drainage pipes. Suggestion for improvement: Clarify the composition of the waste liquid prior to disposal to ensure it complies with discharge standards, and perform neutralization treatment if necessary. (2 points)", "C: The image shows white deposits inside the sink, which might be chemical waste residues, posing a risk of pipe corrosion or environmental pollution. Improvement measure: Place absorbent materials around the sink to handle potential leakage incidents promptly. (1 point)", "D: The image shows white deposits inside the sink, which might be waste liquid residue. It is recommended to clean the sink and avoid discharging waste liquid directly into the sewer. Suggestion for improvement: Wear gloves and protective goggles to avoid contact with chemicals. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "9673cc88-17bb-40e1-b82f-98e2543b3a93", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_009", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in Experiment_Safety_009_01.png, please address the following:\n\n1. Identify potential safety risks.\n2. Evaluate whether the current experimental setup's safety design is adequate, and propose improvements based on the details in the image.\n3. Design an emergency response and personal protection plan for potential incidents.", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_009_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The primary safety risks in this scenario are: 1) The heating equipment poses an overheating risk; if temperature control fails, it may lead to reagent decomposition or vessel rupture; 2) The sealed reagent bottle may accumulate pressure during heating and stirring, posing an explosion risk. It is recommended to install a pressure-relief device on the sealed reagent bottle or use a cap with a vent hole. Emergency plan: In the event of a leak, immediately turn off the heating equipment and use absorbent materials to treat the spilled contents. (3 points)", "B: The primary risks in this scenario include: 1) The sealed reagent bottle generates pressure build-up during heating and stirring; 2) Excessive stirring speed may cause liquid splashing. Suggestions for improvement: Add a pressure-relief device to the reagent bottle cap and reduce the stirring speed. (2 points)", "C: This scenario may involve the risk of pressure build-up inside the sealed reagent bottle. It is recommended to use a venting device. If a leak occurs, it should be cleaned up promptly. (1 point)", "D: There is no apparent risk in this scenario, and the experiment can proceed as planned. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "f2a460b6-8316-4add-87b2-77c27d1c9e7e", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_Safety", "item_no": "Experiment_Safety_010", "question": "In the organic chemistry experiment scenario shown in the image Experiment_Safety_010_01.png, identify potential safety risks based on the visible information in the image and design corresponding protective and emergency measures. Requirements: 1. Analyze potential hazards; 2. Assess the impact of operational methods on leaks, spills, or exposure; 3. Propose improvement suggestions based on the laboratory environment shown in the image; 4. Develop personal protective and emergency response plans.", "image": ["Experiment_Safety/Experiment_Safety_010_01.png"], "answers": ["A: A large number of bubbles are being generated inside the NMR tube. Since the NMR tube is sealed, it can easily lead to pressure accumulation, posing an explosion risk. Suggestions for improvement: 1) Hazardous reactions should not be conducted inside an NMR tube; 2) Remove the NMR tube cap to prevent pressure accumulation; 3) Handle inside a fume hood with proper protection, and do not inspect it at close range. (3 points)", "B: The NMR tube should be placed on the benchtop inside the fume hood instead of being picked up. The green liquid may possess certain toxicity or corrosiveness. Suggestions for improvement: Follow experimental guidelines, clarify the chemical category, and avoid handling chemicals blindly. Do not pick up the NMR tube arbitrarily for close-range inspection. If safety issues arise, quickly move away from the spill point and evacuate to a safe area. (2 points)", "C: The green liquid may possess certain toxicity or corrosiveness. Operating a dropper in mid-air may cause reagent splashing or leakage. The laboratory background shows a standard environment with no apparent ventilation facilities, so operations should be performed inside a fume hood. Improvement measures include wearing protective goggles and gloves, and preparing absorbent materials to handle potential leaks. (1 point)", "D: The green liquid might be a common reagent with lower hazard risks. Splashing should be avoided when operating with a dropper, and wearing gloves is recommended. The laboratory environment appears normal, requiring no special improvements. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "41573c5c-8e96-4149-8fa4-93a3aba150cc", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_001", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the image Experiment_plan_001_01.png, this reagent is a key raw material for the reaction. A complete experimental plan needs to be designed. Please design the reaction plan based on the information in the image.", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_001_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The reagent 'A83' is a solid. The experimental plan is: Weigh the reagent 'A83' using a balance, then add it to the reaction flask. Add the solvent in a fume hood and stir the reaction. (3 points)", "B: Dissolve the reagent 'A83' in an appropriate amount of solvent, and use a syringe to slowly add it dropwise into the reaction flask while maintaining stirring. Reaction conditions may require temperature control (e.g., ice bath) and inert atmosphere protection, which should be adjusted based on the properties of the reagent. (2 points)", "C: The reagent 'A83' is a solid and needs to be dissolved before being added to the reaction system via a syringe. The experimental plan may include: 1. Dissolve the reagent in an appropriate amount of solvent, and use a syringe to slowly add it to the reaction flask. (1 point)", "D: Directly add the reagent 'A83' to the reaction flask and stir the reaction. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "d63ec58b-8262-457d-ab54-35f94bdd6e8b", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_002", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the diagram Experiment_plan_002_01.png, how should this equipment be operated properly?", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Apply vacuum grease to the ground glass joints and clamp tightly to ensure no air leakage. Evacuate the system, fill with inert gas, and repeat the process at least 3 times to completely remove air from the flask. Maintain positive pressure of inert gas to prevent liquid from being sucked into the vacuum line. First release the inert gas pressure, then disassemble the reaction flask, clean the manifold, and reapply vacuum grease. (3 points)", "B: Open the inert gas valve to allow gas to flow into the manifold and reaction flask, expelling air. Switch the stopcock to the vacuum position to evacuate the flask. After vacuuming for a while, close the valve. Repeat the process of gas exchange and evacuation several times to ensure no air remains in the flask. Begin the experiment, and after completion, first turn off the gas and vacuum sources before removing the reaction flask. (2 points)", "C: Check whether the connections are sealed. First, open the vacuum valve to its maximum setting to evacuate the flask completely. After evacuation, open the valve to fill the flask with air. After the experiment, close the valve. (1 point)", "D: Directly connect the reaction system to the end of the pipeline and set it to vacuum. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "1fb0985f-8511-4eb4-8d18-5791372632a4", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_003", "question": "Based on the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the diagram Experiment_plan_003_01.png, design a complete experimental plan. Please answer based on the details in the diagram.", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Ensure the stirrer is functioning properly, select a reaction vessel of appropriate volume, follow the rules for adding samples in a fume hood, add solids first and then liquids, record reaction time and state promptly, monitor periodically, and perform standard post-reaction processing after the reaction ends. (3 points)", "B: Check the sealing of the apparatus, determine the reactants based on reagent labels and calculate the required amounts before adding dropwise; set medium stirring speed, gradually increase the temperature from 25°C to the target temperature while monitoring; after the reaction ends, cool down to quench, purify via liquid-liquid extraction; record experimental parameters, and evaluate heat management and safety measures for scaling up. (2 points)", "C: Check whether the apparatus is operating normally; select reactants based on reagent bottle labels and add them to the reaction flask in proportion; set the stirring speed and temperature to 25°C, and observe the reaction process; after the reaction ends, cool down and perform post-processing. (1 point)", "D: Directly add reagents to the reaction flask, set the temperature to 25°C, stir for a period of time, and then end the reaction. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "c53f96ea-fb9a-4ac0-aab1-11b6d6cac0d6", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_004", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_plan_004_01.png, the experiment involves the generation and collection of a gaseous byproduct. Please design a complete open reaction experiment plan based on the information provided in the image.", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_004_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Confirm the hazardous nature of the reaction gas, including whether there is a risk of explosion. If confirmed, personal operation in a fume hood is prohibited, and the experiment must be conducted in a specialized laboratory setting. If the reaction is deemed safe, estimate the gas volume and perform calculations before starting the experiment. Add reagents slowly to prevent rapid gas release that could cause device failure. (3 points)", "B: Confirm the hazardous nature of the reaction gas, including whether there is a risk of explosion. If confirmed, personal operation in a fume hood is prohibited, and the experiment must be conducted in a specialized laboratory setting. A safety valve or gas buffer device can be added between the balloon and the reaction flask to prevent rapid gas release that could cause device failure. (2 points)", "C: During the experimental steps, pay attention to controlling the rate of reagent addition to avoid rapid release of the gaseous byproduct. The image shows a balloon used for gas collection, but no other buffer devices are visible. It is recommended to add a condenser to reduce gas loss. Regarding reaction conditions, the temperature can be controlled within a moderate range (e.g., 40°C) to ensure stable reaction progress. (1 point)", "D: The experimental steps can be carried out directly according to conventional procedures, with no special requirements for the order of reagent addition. In the apparatus design, the balloon can be directly used for gas collection without additional modifications. Reaction conditions can be set to room temperature, and the stirring rate can be adjusted as needed. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "e635c4c6-6383-4360-a6fe-250314fe8a35", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_005", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in Experiment_plan_005_01.png, please design an experimental plan and clarify the following: 1. Infer the possible experimental stage and design subsequent steps; 2. Determine reasonable parameters for heating and stirring, as well as reagent quantities.", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_005_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The setup shows stirring only, with no heating applied, so it can be inferred that the reaction is at the room-temperature stirring stage. This scale of reaction is likely within 1 mmol, with a solvent volume of around 2 ml. Subsequent steps may involve extraction, requiring approximately 20 ml of organic solvent. (3 points)", "B: The setup shows stirring only, with no heating applied, so it can be inferred that the reaction is at the room-temperature stirring stage. Subsequent steps could involve setting heating and stirring parameters and gradually increasing the temperature. (2 points)", "C: The setup shows stirring only, with no heating applied, so it can be inferred that the reaction is at the room-temperature stirring stage. Subsequent steps include cooling, sampling for analysis, and recording reagent quantities and reaction conditions. (1 point)", "D: The setup shows the reagent bottle placed on a heating and stirring device, which may indicate the reaction stage. It is recommended to maintain the current heating and stirring parameters, and after completing the reaction, proceed directly to sampling for analysis. Safety measures include avoiding reagent splashing. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "3ebdbe31-72cb-482a-a78f-c6607471beff", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_006", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_plan_006_01.png, please design the current and subsequent experimental plans based on this scenario.", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_006_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The material is in the weighing stage. Pay attention to the standardization of weighing; the weighing paper should not touch the edge of the balance, as this may lead to inaccurate measurements. For hygroscopic compounds, weighing should be done inside a glove box. When pouring solid powders, be mindful of static electricity issues, which can be mitigated by removing static electricity beforehand to reduce weighing errors. Subsequent experiments must strictly follow the actual weighed amount for calculations and repetitions. (3 points)", "B: The material is in the weighing stage. Based on the precision balance and weighing paper shown in the image, it is inferred to be a solid reagent, possibly used for precise measurement to control the molar ratio of reactants. Pay attention to static electricity issues, which can be mitigated by removing static electricity beforehand to reduce weighing errors. Subsequent experimental plans should note that weighing accuracy is critical for molar ratio control. The balance should be regularly calibrated, and the weighing environment should be free of vibrations or airflow disturbances. (2 points)", "C: The weighed material is likely a solid reagent intended for subsequent reactions. The experimental plan may include adding the material to a reaction flask and setting stirring conditions. Weighing accuracy is important and can be improved by calibrating the balance. (1 point)", "D: The weighing operation suggests that the material may be used for a reaction. Subsequent experiments must strictly follow the original plan without any modifications. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "32d88387-c897-401c-87b7-bc759e7aadc0", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_007", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the image Experiment_plan_007_01.png, design a complete experimental plan. Please ensure your answer incorporates the details from the image.", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_007_01.png"], "answers": ["A: This setup is used for a constant-temperature reflux liquid-phase reaction. Before the reaction, organize the workspace and ensure that the black wires/tubing are kept away from the heating device. First add the solvent and solid substrate to the reaction flask, then slowly drip in the liquid reagent. Set the heating stirrer to 85 °C and 580 rpm, and turn on the condenser water to maintain stable reflux. The green gas bag is used to collect gas generated during the reaction; the gas volume should be estimated during the reaction to avoid overinflation or rupture of the gas bag. Continuously observe the reflux state during the reaction and maintain the reaction for about 2 h. After the reaction is complete, cool the mixture and separate the product by filtration or liquid-liquid extraction. (3 points)", "B: This setup is used for a heated reflux reaction. Before the reaction, organize the workspace and keep wires/tubing away from the heating area. First add the solvent and solid reagent, then slowly add the liquid reagent. Set the temperature to about 85 °C, start stirring, and turn on condenser water to maintain reflux. Observe or sample the reaction during the process, and react for about 2 h. After the reaction is complete, cool the mixture and perform workup by filtration or extraction. However, the gas-collection function of the green gas bag is not clearly described, or it is only generally described as a gas-handling device. (2 points)", "C: This setup is used for a heated reflux or constant-temperature reaction. After adding the reactants and solvent to the reaction flask, heat and stir at about 85 °C, and use the condenser to reduce solvent volatilization. After the reaction is complete, cool the mixture and then perform a simple workup by filtration or extraction. However, this procedure lacks key details such as the order of addition, collection of generated gas using the green gas bag, an approximately 2 h reaction time, or safety details such as keeping wires away from the heating device. (1 point)", "D: This setup is treated simply as an ordinary heating reaction apparatus. The procedure only states that reagents are added and heated to 85 °C, without clearly specifying reflux condensation, 580 rpm stirring, order of addition, collection of generated gas using the green gas bag, reaction time, or workup procedure; or the green gas bag is incorrectly used as an inert-gas supply device and an inert-atmosphere reaction plan is designed based on that interpretation; or unsafe operations such as heating a sealed system are proposed. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "969f7e58-d54c-4bea-89c1-ecbe5165bf89", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_008", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_plan_008_01.png, design a relevant experimental plan based on the apparatus and reagent states depicted in the image. Please make full use of the information provided in the image.", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_008_01.png"], "answers": ["A: : Cooling control: This is a reduced-pressure distillation apparatus used for the separation and purification of low-boiling-point or heat-sensitive substances. First, connect the condenser and introduce circulating cooling water (inlet at the bottom, outlet at the top) to efficiently condense distillation vapor and prevent solvent evaporation loss. Vacuum and gas handling: Connect the apparatus to a vacuum pump, check the seal of the interfaces, and slowly evacuate the system to remove air and volatile gases. Monitor pressure using a vacuum gauge to avoid bumping. Distillation operation: Gradually heat the distillation flask, control the temperature to ensure smooth boiling of the sample, observe the formation of liquid droplets in the condenser, and collect the target fractions in stages. Post-treatment: After distillation, stop heating, allow the system to cool to room temperature, slowly release the vacuum, and turn off the vacuum pump. (3 points)", "B: : Reduced-pressure distillation apparatus used for the separation and purification of low-boiling-point or heat-sensitive substances. Based on the cooling circuit and gas handling system, the plan is as follows: 1) Check the seal and temperature of the coolant circuit (e.g., 0-5°C). 2) Select appropriate volatile reagents based on the condenser connection; gradually add them while stirring. 3) Activate the gas handling system to ensure product gases are absorbed or neutralized. 4) After the reaction, stop cooling, raise the temperature to room temperature, then quench and separate the products and waste. 5) Safety: Include contingency plans for coolant leakage and gas system failure. (2 points)", "C: : Reduced-pressure distillation apparatus used for the separation and purification of low-boiling-point or heat-sensitive substances. Plan: 1) Start cooling and set the temperature. 2) Add reagents and stir. 3) Activate the gas system to absorb gases. 4) Perform post-treatment after the reaction. The main steps are covered, but details on reagent quantities, cooling range, and safety are not specified. (1 point)", "D: : Reduced-pressure distillation apparatus used for the separation and purification of low-boiling-point or heat-sensitive substances. Plan: 1) Start cooling. 2) Add reagents. 3) Perform post-treatment after the reaction. The image is not fully utilized; gas system, safety, and reagent quantities are not discussed. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "9910cf30-ed98-4137-a0fe-5f3878e55bef", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_009", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental scenario shown in the image Experiment_plan_009_01.png, please design a complete experimental plan based on the details in the image.", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_009_01.png"], "answers": ["A: This experiment should be conducted as a high-temperature constant-temperature stirred reaction at 140 °C. Before the reaction, check that the reaction flask or reaction tube is intact, with no cracks or scratches, and select a pressure-rated reaction tube if the reaction needs to be sealed; an ordinary vial should not be sealed and heated at 140 °C. Because the target temperature is 140 °C, a silicone oil bath or another suitable oil bath should be used instead of an ordinary water bath. After adding the solvent, substrate, reagent, and magnetic stir bar to the reaction flask, secure the flask firmly so that the reaction-liquid region is sufficiently immersed in the oil bath, while keeping the cap or sealed part above the oil-bath surface. Insert the temperature probe into the oil bath to monitor the actual bath temperature, avoiding contact between the probe and the glass wall or the bottom of the hotplate. Set the temperature to 140 °C and the stirring speed to 700 rpm, and increase the temperature gradually to avoid thermal shock, localized overheating, and rapid pressure buildup. Continuously observe the temperature, stirring, and reaction-mixture state during the reaction. After the reaction is complete, stop heating, allow the oil bath and reaction flask to cool to room temperature, then remove the flask and slowly open it only after confirming pressure release. Then perform sampling analysis, extraction, filtration, concentration, or purification. (3 points)", "B: This experiment can be conducted as a high-temperature constant-temperature stirred reaction. Before the reaction, check that the reaction vessel is intact, and preferably use a heat-resistant, pressure-rated reaction flask or reaction tube. After adding the solvent, substrate, reagent, and magnetic stir bar to the reaction flask, heat it to 140 °C using an oil bath and monitor the bath temperature in real time with a temperature probe. Set the stirring speed to 700 rpm to ensure sufficient mixing of the reaction mixture. Maintain constant temperature and observe the system during the reaction. After the reaction is complete, cool the flask to room temperature, then open it and perform sampling, filtration, extraction, or other workup procedures. This procedure basically satisfies the requirements for a high-temperature reaction, but the details of gradual heating, oil-bath liquid level, pressure release, or safe opening are not sufficiently complete. (2 points)", "C: After adding the reactants, solvent, and magnetic stir bar to the reaction flask, heat the mixture at 140 °C and set the stirring speed to about 700 rpm. Observe changes in the system during the reaction, then cool the mixture after the reaction and perform filtration or sampling analysis. This procedure only provides a basic heating and stirring process. It does not sufficiently explain that an oil bath should be used under 140 °C conditions, nor does it clearly specify key safety operations such as selecting a pressure-rated reaction vessel, checking the vessel, monitoring with a temperature probe, gradual heating, and opening the vessel only after cooling. (1 point)", "D: Add all reagents at once to an ordinary reaction flask or vial, then directly seal it and heat it with stirring at 140 °C, or still attempt to reach 140 °C using an ordinary water bath. The vessel is not checked for cracks or scratches before the reaction, its pressure resistance is not confirmed, no temperature probe is used to monitor the actual bath temperature, and the vessel is opened, sampled, or analyzed directly after the reaction without sufficient cooling or pressure release. This procedure poses obvious safety risks and is not a suitable high-temperature reaction plan. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "5fba6711-1af4-40dc-bfdd-4b92a0f303b6", "major_category": "Experiment_Preparation", "category": "Experiment_plan", "item_no": "Experiment_plan_010", "question": "In the organic chemistry experimental setup shown in the image Experiment_plan_010_01.png, design a complete experimental plan based on the information in the image, paying attention to the details of the apparatus and operations for reasoning.", "image": ["Experiment_plan/Experiment_plan_010_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Add the substrate and dry solvent into a sealed reaction flask, and perform more than three cycles of 'vacuum evacuation-inert gas filling' through the side valve to remove air and moisture from the flask. Then, fix the reaction flask in a low-temperature bath and slowly cool it to the target low temperature, allowing the system temperature to stabilize. Precise low-temperature reagent addition: Use a syringe to slowly add sensitive reagents through the sealed stopper while maintaining slight positive pressure of inert gas via the side valve to prevent air backflow and reagent decomposition due to moisture. Operate entirely within the low-temperature bath to avoid localized overheating that could deactivate the reagent. Reaction monitoring: Maintain constant temperature stirring in the low-temperature bath, periodically extract small amounts of reaction liquid using a syringe for TLC analysis, and observe changes in solution color or turbidity to assess the reaction progress. (3 points)", "B: Based on the reaction flask being placed in a cooling bath as shown in the image, it is inferred that the reaction requires low-temperature conditions. The experimental plan is as follows: First, confirm the properties of the reaction reagents and the reaction mechanism, and select an appropriate low temperature (e.g., -78°C) to ensure reaction selectivity. Gradually add reagents dropwise using a syringe, controlling the addition rate to avoid localized overheating or side reactions. Use a stirring device to ensure uniform mixing, and set the reaction time to 1-2 hours, during which samples are periodically taken to monitor the reaction progress. Post-treatment steps should include reaction quenching (e.g., adding an appropriate amount of water or alcohol), followed by liquid-liquid extraction and purification (column chromatography). (2 points)", "C: The image shows the reaction flask in a cooling bath, with reagents added via a syringe. The experimental plan can be designed as follows: Control the reaction temperature at low temperatures (e.g., -78°C), gradually add reagents to avoid violent reactions, and maintain moderate stirring speed to ensure uniform mixing. Set the reaction time to 1-2 hours, during which samples can be taken to monitor the reaction progress. Safety measures include wearing protective equipment and ensuring stable operation of the cooling bath. Post-treatment can involve liquid-liquid extraction and column chromatography purification. For repeatability optimization, record the addition rate and temperature changes. (1 point)", "D: The experimental plan can be designed as a low-temperature reaction, with reagents slowly added via a syringe and a reaction time of approximately 1 hour. Post-treatment steps include extraction and column chromatography purification. (0 points)"]}

data/material_science.jsonl

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{"id": "f28bac51-cb94-43e8-94a5-51e23b832079", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_001", "question": "During the material characterization stage: When capturing SEM images, severe stripe shadows or drift occur.", "image": ["material science/material science_001_01.png", "material science/material science_001_02.png"], "answers": ["A: Perform gold sputtering treatment on the material to increase conductivity (3 points)", "B: Adjust the astigmatism on the SEM microscope (2 points)", "C: Reprepare the SEM sample, ensuring the sample is as flat as possible on conductive adhesive or silicon wafer (1 points)", "D: Set the SEM acceleration voltage and beam current to the maximum to enhance the signal and eliminate stripes and drift. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "8edd4c0e-4597-4abe-9d87-52b5d531827d", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_002", "question": "Material characterization stage: When capturing SEM images of hollow hydroxide nanocages, the hollow structure cannot be visualized, and yellow squares appear.", "image": ["material science/material science_002_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Perform gold sputtering on the material to enhance conductivity (3 points)", "B: Adjust the dispersion parameter on the SEM microscope (2 points)", "C: Switch the region and adjust the magnification (1 points)", "D: Increase the electron beam current and extend the single-point exposure time to allow the hollow outline to automatically appear in the image. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "c902095c-38fd-4251-8fca-b8c423c63968", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_003", "question": "Why are some particles in the TEM image darker while others are lighter?", "image": ["material science/material science_003_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Before preparing the TEM sample, perform continuous ultrasonic treatment. Choose a dispersant such as ethanol or isopropanol, which has good dispersibility. When preparing the slurry, try to make it more dilute, and use a small amount multiple times when drop-coating the copper grid. (3 points)", "B: Embed the material and perform sectioning treatment, then re-prepare the TEM sample. (2 points)", "C: Immerse the copper grid into the dilute slurry, stir the copper grid with tweezers, and retrieve the material. (1 points)", "D: Directly interpret the differences in particle contrast as variations in elemental composition, and rely solely on TEM grayscale for quantitative determination of each particle's composition without considering thickness or overlap. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "09d72848-b0ed-4376-8017-6126ffa25654", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_004", "question": "This is an AFM image of MXene. The AFM heights are uneven. What is the bright area in the middle?", "image": ["material science/material science_004_01.png"], "answers": ["A: When preparing the sample, choose mica sheets that are clean and free of residual impurities. After preparing the sample, place it in a clean environment. The bright area might be impurities. (3 points)", "B: Use HOPG as the substrate and try to peel the HOPG as smoothly as possible. (2 points)", "C: During the sample preparation process, add some ethanol after ultrasonication to prevent significant aggregation. (1 points)", "D: Increase the AFM scanning force to flatten the bright area and then rescan to eliminate the height difference. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "912b2f7b-281d-4aa9-9812-7f11169a96ba", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_005", "question": "This is the XRD diffraction peak of NiCoP@MXene. Why is there a broad peak at 26 degrees, and how can it be avoided?", "image": ["material science/material science_005_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The broad peak around 26° is likely due to the detection of the glass substrate. Glass is amorphous and can produce a peak at this position. Using a Si substrate can avoid this issue. (3 points)", "B: Increase the crystallinity of the catalyst to enhance the crystallinity of NiCoP, or apply modeling clay on the glass slide. (2 points)", "C: Measure the XRD of a standalone glass slide and subtract the glass peaks from the original data. (1 points)", "D: Increase the XRD tube voltage and extend the integration time to use stronger NiCoP diffraction peaks to overshadow the broad peak near 26°. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "5e18ff7a-254f-4878-891a-b265b141b70e", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_006", "question": "I have grown NiFe LDH on a nickel foam substrate, and the XRD shows diffraction peaks of the metal. How can this be explained?", "image": ["material science/material science_006_01.png"], "answers": ["A: This may be because the X-rays penetrated the sample and detected the nickel foam substrate. You could grow the sample thicker or ultrasonically exfoliate and collect the sample for XRD testing. (3 points)", "B: Apply the sample more thickly to cover up the nickel foam. (2 points)", "C: Subtract the diffraction peaks of the Ni substrate. (1 points)", "D: Attribute all Ni diffraction peaks directly to highly crystalline NiFe LDH without considering the contribution of the nickel foam substrate. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "18115c45-5810-45b7-adbb-2a26781ae977", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_007", "question": "When testing the XRD of NiCoP@MXene, it was placed on a glass slide and modeling clay was used as the adhesive material. The following pattern was obtained. What is this peak? Why does it not match the diffraction peaks of NiCoP?", "image": ["material science/material science_007_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Conduct an XRD test on the modeling clay alone. Analysis suggests that these are diffraction peaks from contaminated modeling clay, possibly caused by the X-rays hitting the clay. (3 points)", "B: Prepare a larger sample quantity and use a different testing container. (2 points)", "C: Subtract the peaks of the modeling clay. (1 points)", "D: Explain all unknown peaks as resulting from insufficient crystallinity of NiCoP, and allow them to naturally disappear by extending the scanning time. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "2ec9529f-596d-43e2-8c25-5867fb19c181", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_008", "question": "Why does the mixture of Fe³⁺ and Mo ions turn into a turbid solution?", "image": ["material science/material science_008_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Because a complex is formed; you can try replacing the metal salt. (3 points)", "B: Replace with another molybdenum salt. (2 points)", "C: Fe³⁺ has been exposed to air for too long, and part of it has turned into Fe(OH)₃. (1 points)", "D: Significantly increase the system's pH so that Fe³⁺ and Mo species form a more stable soluble complex, thereby eliminating the turbidity. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "0a13c797-abdb-4012-a6f6-7491834dce01", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_009", "question": "This is the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of Ni2P–NiP2. How should I analyze this pattern? How can I confirm which ring corresponds to the crystal planes of which material?", "image": ["material science/material science_009_01.png"], "answers": ["A: By referring to the standard cards corresponding to the diffraction peaks of Ni2P–NiP2 in XRD, determine the interplanar spacing for each material. Then, use the interplanar spacing and the distance from the center of the SAED pattern to each ring to identify the corresponding crystal planes. (3 points)", "B: Measure the distance from the center of the SAED pattern to each ring to determine the corresponding crystal planes. (2 points)", "C: Calibrate based on the literature. (1 points)", "D: Determine the crystal plane assignment solely based on the brightness and intensity of the SAED diffraction rings, without converting interplanar spacing or comparing with standard cards. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "7254a94e-8895-4b4b-b017-b5d08388e9e4", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_010", "question": "Why does a powder sample processed with a freeze dryer appear sticky and not dry after being placed in the freeze dryer for 2 days?", "image": ["material science/material science_010_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Check whether the sample contains residual organic solvents instead of pure water. The working principle of the freeze dryer is to sublimate ice into gas. If organic solvents are present, the sample may not freeze completely and is difficult to dry. (3 points)", "B: Refreeze the sample in liquid nitrogen and then place it back into the freeze dryer. (2 points)", "C: Wash the sample with water, then centrifuge it, discard the supernatant, and dry it afterward. (1 points)", "D: Directly raise the temperature of the freeze-drying chamber above room temperature to accelerate the evaporation of residual organic solvents and dry the sample. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "1c3c8c1e-ad48-40d5-8bea-960073da51be", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_011", "question": "Why is the MXene dispersed and settled in ethylene glycol clear rather than uniformly dispersed?", "image": ["material science/material science_011_01.png"], "answers": ["A: What is the purity of the ethylene glycol? If the bottle has been open for a long time and the ethylene glycol contains water, a similar situation may occur. (3 points)", "B: Ensure that all the water in the MXene has been completely removed. (2 points)", "C: Use newly purchased ethylene glycol to re-disperse the settled MXene. (1 points)", "D: Extend the standing time to allow the MXene to settle further; the clearer the supernatant, the better the dispersion state. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "eae35cd5-23df-42eb-a5df-e8f0d187910a", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_012", "question": "When testing samples prepared using oleylamine and oleic acid with TEM, it was found that a layer of organic material was smeared around the particles. How can this issue be resolved?", "image": ["material science/material science_012_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Perform multiple washes with organic solvents such as DMF to remove residual organic material from the surface. (3 points)", "B: Clean using ultrasonic treatment with ethanol. (2 points)", "C: Clean using ultrasonic treatment with different ratios of ethanol and water. (1 points)", "D: Increase the intensity of the TEM electron beam and extend the exposure time to burn off the organic layer around the particles with the electron beam. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "d739ef74-40d9-4a42-90ae-6618388d3ccb", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_013", "question": "These are synthesized CuO cubes. How can the smaller particles be removed?", "image": ["material science/material science_013_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Adjust the experimental protocol, extend the reaction time, and obtain uniformly sized samples through the Ostwald ripening process. (3 points)", "B: Use centrifugation at different speeds to select heavier samples, achieving uniform size. (2 points)", "C: Resynthesize. (1 points)", "D: Add a large amount of strong acid to the system to preferentially dissolve the smaller particles, then directly use the remaining solids for characterization. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "d0936604-ff09-41a6-b3e1-4e89a1a12049", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_014", "question": "When synthesizing samples in an autoclave using the hydrothermal method, why does the liquid dry out after the reaction ends?", "image": ["material science/material science_014_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The autoclave was not sealed tightly; tightening it will prevent this issue. (3 points)", "B: Too much reaction liquid was added, exceeding 2/3 of the volume; reduce the amount of reaction liquid appropriately. (2 points)", "C: The reaction temperature was too high, exceeding 200 degrees; lower the reaction temperature appropriately. (1 points)", "D: Increase the liquid volume in the autoclave to near full capacity to reduce liquid evaporation during the reaction. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "cd1a019b-d8a6-4475-96c4-6d9ac2aea820", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_015", "question": "When testing HER/OER performance, the current stopped at 200 mA. What could be the reason?", "image": ["material science/material science_015_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Adjust the current range to an appropriate level. (3 points)", "B: Check whether the set voltage range is reasonable. (2 points)", "C: Verify whether the connection method of the three-electrode system is correct, and check whether the connections of the working electrode, reference electrode, and counter electrode are functioning properly. (1 points)", "D: Directly increase the potentiostat upper limit to force the current to exceed 200 mA without checking the instrument range settings. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "7fc097c1-ecb2-430d-a332-c279298f3d51", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_016", "question": "Why was a hollow morphology not obtained after the phosphidation of NiCo alloy nanoparticles?", "image": ["material science/material science_016_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Check whether the tube furnace is leaking; ensure that there is no leakage. (3 points)", "B: Confirm that the tube furnace temperature has reached the set phosphidation temperature. (2 points)", "C: Thoroughly clean the NiCo particles to ensure a clean surface. (1 points)", "D: Densify the NiCo particles before phosphidation to reduce internal diffusion pathways and promote the formation of a hollow structure. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "00a8002f-e5ef-4f37-b665-c1c0f805355e", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_017", "question": "When coating a catalyst onto nickel foam for electro-oxidation activation, the activated sample consistently falls into the electrolyte. How should this be addressed?", "image": ["material science/material science_017_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Dry the nickel foam before coating the catalyst. Additionally, add binders such as Nafion to the catalyst slurry to enhance the stability of the catalyst on the nickel foam. (3 points)", "B: Thoroughly dry the coated sample before performing electro-oxidation activation. (2 points)", "C: Optimize the slurry composition to ensure it is more uniformly dispersed within the slurry. (1 points)", "D: Increase the current density during electro-oxidation activation to rapidly sinter the catalyst onto the nickel foam surface, preventing detachment. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "921d6b00-53c1-4b2a-8f6d-437a755625f5", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_018", "question": "How can two-electrode electrodeposition be performed in a three-electrode system? What should be done if the resistance is very high?", "image": ["material science/material science_018_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Connect the reference electrode and counter electrode using electrode clamps. (3 points)", "B: Introduce conductive wires with good conductivity for connection. (2 points)", "C: Purchase a specialized device anew. (1 points)", "D: Keep the three-electrode wiring unchanged, but move the reference electrode closer to the working electrode to complete two-electrode electrodeposition and reduce resistance. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "d74a9cd2-1854-45cc-83e2-d44b8f1ae6ff", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_019", "question": "During the electrodeposition preparation of NiFeOOH, why does the Pt counter electrode seem to have deposited a yellow layer? How can it be removed?", "image": ["material science/material science_019_01.png"], "answers": ["A: Check whether the working electrode and the counter electrode were connected in reverse. (3 points)", "B: Reduce the deposition voltage range to avoid oxidation of the counter electrode. (2 points)", "C: Clean the counter electrode by immersing it in hydrochloric acid. (1 points)", "D: Continue increasing the deposition voltage range so that the yellow layer on the surface of the Pt counter electrode spontaneously reduces and detaches at higher potentials. (0 points)"]}
+{"id": "f9d3b017-fe92-45ce-b72f-42efdf5691f7", "major_category": "material_science", "category": "material science", "item_no": "material science_020", "question": "During the stability test of HER, the catalyst detachment is quite noticeable. What is the reason?", "image": ["material science/material science_020_01.png"], "answers": ["A: The current density during the test is too high, blowing the material off. (3 points)", "B: The gas transport efficiency of the material is low, resulting in poor gas release properties. (2 points)", "C: During electrode preparation, an insufficient amount of binder was added, making the catalyst prone to detachment. (1 points)", "D: To enhance the activation rate of HER, the test current density was continuously increased, causing the electrode to compact itself under high bubble flux. (0 points)"]}

examples/evaporation_example.json

@@ -1,25 +1,15 @@
-{
-    "category":  "Evaporation",
-    "id":  "c1cbc175-9f89-4219-9f97-686780e864c9",
-    "question_text":  "In the rotary evaporation scenario shown in Evaporation_018_01.png, identify the problems occurring in the current run and propose optimization recommendations.",
-    "model_question_text":  "In the rotary evaporation scenario shown in Figure 1, identify the problems occurring in the current run and propose optimization recommendations.",
-    "image":  [
-                  "Evaporation/Evaporation_018_01.png"
-              ],
-    "response_model":  "Claude Opus 4.7",
-    "model_response":  "**Problem Identified:**\nThe receiving (collection) flask is overfilled — the condensed solvent has accumulated to near its working capacity (close to the 1000 mL mark and approaching the joint level).\n\n**Main Cause:**\nThe receiving flask was not emptied in time during continuous evaporation, causing solvent buildup that approaches the ground-glass joint.\n\n**Optimization Recommendation:**\nPause the evaporation, release the vacuum, detach and empty the receiving flask, then resume operation. As a routine practice, monitor the receiving flask and drain it before the liquid level reaches more than ~50% of its capacity to prevent solvent backflow into the condenser, loss of vacuum efficiency, and contamination of the recovered solvent.",
-    "evaluation":  {
-                       "score":  0.5,
-                       "max_score":  3,
-                       "judge_scores":  [
-                                            {
-                                                "scoring_model":  "gemini-3.1-pro-preview-thinking",
-                                                "score":  0.5
-                                            },
-                                            {
-                                                "scoring_model":  "gpt-5.5",
-                                                "score":  0.5
-                                            }
-                                        ]
-                   }
+{
+  "id": "c1cbc175-9f89-4219-9f97-686780e864c9",
+  "category": "Evaporation",
+  "question": "In the rotary evaporation scenario shown in Evaporation_018_01.png, identify the problems occurring in the current run and propose optimization recommendations.",
+  "model_question_text": "In the rotary evaporation scenario shown in Figure 1, identify the problems occurring in the current run and propose optimization recommendations.",
+  "image": [
+    "images/Evaporation/Evaporation_018_01.png"
+  ],
+  "model": "claude-opus-4-7-thinking",
+  "answer": "**Problem Identified:**\nThe receiving (collection) flask is overfilled ? the condensed solvent has accumulated to near its working capacity (close to the 1000 mL mark and approaching the joint level).\n\n**Main Cause:**\nThe receiving flask was not emptied in time during continuous evaporation, causing solvent buildup that approaches the ground-glass joint.\n\n**Optimization Recommendation:**\nPause the evaporation, release the vacuum, detach and empty the receiving flask, then resume operation. As a routine practice, monitor the receiving flask and drain it before the liquid level reaches more than ~50% of its capacity to prevent solvent backflow into the condenser, loss of vacuum efficiency, and contamination of the recovered solvent.",
+  "score": 0.5,
+  "max_score": 3,
+  "reference_answer": "withheld",
+  "scoring_rationale": "withheld"
 }