| [ |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "healthcare", |
| "vertical_label": "Healthcare", |
| "metric_key": "days_in_net_a_r", |
| "metric_label": "Days in Net A/R", |
| "unit": "days", |
| "evidence_type": "Level planning cases; separate HFMA hospital/system context", |
| "reference_positions": "Upper days reference: 55 | Higher days reference: 50 | Center days reference: 40 | Lower days reference: 32 | Lower days target: 28", |
| "definition": "Net eligible patient receivables divided by matching average daily net patient-service revenue. The displayed days are planning cases; current HFMA FM-1 definitions require eligible balance and revenue inclusions/exclusions, and source-specific historical values require their own definition check.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No sample for displayed planning cases; HFMA context is selected n=14 hospitals/systems/IDS", |
| "source": "Level planning cases; HFMA 2024 selected hospital/system winner context (P90/P10 positions 30.5/45.3 days)", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/healthcare/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "healthcare", |
| "vertical_label": "Healthcare", |
| "metric_key": "pos_cash_collection_of_patient_liability", |
| "metric_label": "POS Cash Collection (% of total self-pay cash collected)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Published selected hospital/system winner reference positions", |
| "reference_positions": "Source performance P10: 22.8 | Source performance P25: 27 | Source performance P50: 35.4 | Source performance P75: 41.7 | Source performance P90: 49.2", |
| "definition": "HFMA PA-7: patient POS payments / total self-pay cash collected for the reporting month. Qualifying current-encounter cash includes pre-service, time-of-service and up to seven days after discharge; qualifying prior-encounter self-pay cash collected before or at a new service is also included; routine payment-plan payments and refunds are excluded. Current MAP Keys definition; award-period definition version not separately captured.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "14 selected 2024 HFMA MAP hospital, critical-access hospital, hospital-system and integrated-delivery-system award winners", |
| "source": "HFMA 2024 MAP Award Statistical Data, selected hospital/system/IDS winners (n=14)", |
| "source_url": "https://www.hfma.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/MAP_230608_Winner-Resources_Stats-2024.pdf", |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/healthcare/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "healthcare", |
| "vertical_label": "Healthcare", |
| "metric_key": "total_medical_revenue_per_physician_fte", |
| "metric_label": "Total Medical Revenue per Physician FTE", |
| "unit": "K", |
| "evidence_type": "Retained source-attributed references; exact report values not independently reverified", |
| "reference_positions": "Primary Care (lower attributed reference): 668 | Primary Care (higher attributed reference): 770 | Surgical (lower attributed reference): 648 | Surgical (higher attributed reference): 777 | Multispecialty (higher attributed reference): 879", |
| "definition": "Same-period eligible medical revenue divided by eligible physician FTE. Revenue, collections, provider FTE and clinical hours differ; source-specific MGMA population and treatment of ancillary revenue are unverified here.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Unverified for these retained values; no measured Level industry cohort", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): MGMA Better Performers Report 2023", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/healthcare/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "healthcare", |
| "vertical_label": "Healthcare", |
| "metric_key": "primary_care_overhead_ratio", |
| "metric_label": "Primary Care Overhead Ratio", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Level planning overhead cases; no source-observed distribution", |
| "reference_positions": "Lower overhead reference: 50 | Lower-middle reference: 53 | Center reference: 60 | Higher reference: 64 | Upper reference: 67", |
| "definition": "Defined practice operating-overhead costs divided by matching revenue. Specify clinical/nonclinical staff, owner compensation and cost classification before comparing planning cases.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured sample for the planning values", |
| "source": "Level planning overhead cases; AMA PPI 2024 practice-expense share does not supply these values", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/healthcare/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "healthcare", |
| "vertical_label": "Healthcare", |
| "metric_key": "claim_denial_rate_of_claims", |
| "metric_label": "Claim Denial Rate (% of claims)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Mixed: retained unverified Optum/KFF attributions plus Level planning targets", |
| "reference_positions": "Lower denial target: 4 | Higher denial target: 7 | Attributed Optum hospital: 12 | Retained KFF 19% (edition unverified): 19 | Retained ACA 37% (edition unverified): 37", |
| "definition": "Denied claims divided by eligible submitted or adjudicated claims on the chosen claim-count basis. Specify initial versus final denial and line-versus-claim counting. Optum/KFF attributions use different populations; planning targets are separate.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Unverified for these retained values; no measured Level industry cohort", |
| "source": "Previously attributed Optum hospital context and retained KFF Marketplace inputs with edition unverified; separate planning targets", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/healthcare/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "healthcare", |
| "vertical_label": "Healthcare", |
| "metric_key": "a_r_over_90_days_of_total_receivables", |
| "metric_label": "A/R Over 90 Days (% of billed receivables, selected hospital/system winners)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Rounded published selected hospital/system winner reference positions", |
| "reference_positions": "Rounded source performance P75: 22 | Rounded source performance P50: 30 | Rounded source performance P25: 38", |
| "definition": "Aged billed A/R / total billed A/R, using a consistent snapshot and eligible debit-balance accounts. Unbilled accounts and credit balances require separate treatment; source references are selected hospital/system winner positions. Current MAP Keys definition; award-period definition version not separately captured.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "14 selected 2024 HFMA MAP hospital, critical-access hospital, hospital-system and integrated-delivery-system award winners", |
| "source": "HFMA 2024 MAP Award Statistical Data, selected hospital/system/IDS winners (n=14)", |
| "source_url": "https://www.hfma.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/MAP_230608_Winner-Resources_Stats-2024.pdf", |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/healthcare/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "restaurants", |
| "vertical_label": "Restaurants", |
| "metric_key": "labor_cost_of_sales_2024_nra_median", |
| "metric_label": "Labor Cost % of Sales: Published LSR 2024 Median and Retained References", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "One published respondent median plus previously attributed, unverified subgroup inputs", |
| "reference_positions": "Previously attributed Limited-Service profit: 30 | Published LSR respondent median (2024): 31.7 | Previously attributed Limited-Service loss: 34.1 | Previously attributed Full-Service profit: 34.2 | Previously attributed Full-Service loss: 42.9", |
| "definition": "Salaries, wages and benefits divided by same-period sales for the published NRA respondent median. Define other loaded labor costs separately in your own plan; unverified profit/loss references may use different report editions.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "More than 900 operators overall; segment and profit/loss group counts not captured", |
| "source": "NRA August 2025 commentary verifies only the 31.7% LSR 2024 respondent median in this chart; remaining profit/loss values have unverified prior attribution", |
| "source_url": "https://www.restaurant.org/research-and-media/research/restaurant-economic-insights/analysis-commentary/restaurant-labor-costs-are-well-above-historical-averages/", |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/restaurants/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "restaurants", |
| "vertical_label": "Restaurants", |
| "metric_key": "prime_cost_food_labor_of_sales", |
| "metric_label": "Prime Cost (Food + Labor) % of Sales", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Level planning cases; separate published median context", |
| "reference_positions": "Planning cost case 64%: 64 | Planning cost case 68%: 68 | Planning cost case 70%: 70 | Planning cost case 75%: 75 | Planning cost case 80%: 80", |
| "definition": "Actual prime cost=(food and beverage cost+fully loaded labor cost)/same net-sales denominator. Separate component medians cannot be added to estimate the median of their sum.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Not a measured sample", |
| "source": "Level planning cases; separate NRA 2025 Abstract commentary on 2024 respondent medians", |
| "source_url": "https://www.restaurant.org/research-and-media/media/press-releases/new-resource-from-national-restaurant-association-provides-insights-into-operational-realities/", |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/restaurants/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "restaurants", |
| "vertical_label": "Restaurants", |
| "metric_key": "food_non_alcoholic_beverage_cost_2024_median", |
| "metric_label": "Food + Non-Alcoholic Beverage Cost % of Sales: Published 2024 Medians and Planning Inputs", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Published respondent medians plus independent Level planning inputs", |
| "reference_positions": "Planning food-cost input 38%: 38 | Planning food-cost input 33%: 33 | Published LSR median 2024: 32.4 | Published FSR median 2024: 32 | Planning food-cost input 27%: 27", |
| "definition": "Food and nonalcoholic-beverage costs divided by matching sales for the published NRA respondent medians. Planning inputs are separate; do not substitute alcoholic-beverage sales or total operating expenses as denominator.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "More than 900 operators in overall Abstract; exact segment sample not captured", |
| "source": "NRA September 2025 food-cost commentary on 2024 respondents, published 32.4% LSR/32.0% FSR medians; separate Level planning inputs", |
| "source_url": "https://www.restaurant.org/research-and-media/research/restaurant-economic-insights/analysis-commentary/restaurant-operators-kept-food-cost-ratios-in-check-in-2024/", |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/restaurants/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "restaurants", |
| "vertical_label": "Restaurants", |
| "metric_key": "cash_buffer_days_median_by_industry", |
| "metric_label": "Cash Buffer Days: Published 2015 Chase Medians and Planning Buffers", |
| "unit": "d", |
| "evidence_type": "Published historical Chase transaction-population medians plus independent planning buffers", |
| "reference_positions": "Published restaurants (2015): 16 | Published all small businesses (2015): 27 | Planning buffer 30 days: 30 | Planning buffer 60 days: 60", |
| "definition": "Average daily cash balance/average daily cash outflows for the source period. Planning targets are independent scenario inputs.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "597,000 small businesses overall; restaurant subgroup size not captured", |
| "source": "JPMorgan Chase Institute, September 2016 Cash Flows, Balances, and Buffer Days, February-October 2015 observations", |
| "source_url": "https://www.jpmorganchase.com/institute/all-topics/business-growth-and-entrepreneurship/report-cash-flows-balances-and-buffer-days", |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/restaurants/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "restaurants", |
| "vertical_label": "Restaurants", |
| "metric_key": "total_occupancy_cost_of_sales_2024", |
| "metric_label": "Occupancy Cost References (Historical Attribution Not Reverified)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Retained source-attributed references; exact report values not independently reverified", |
| "reference_positions": "Rural LSR: 3.2 | Suburban LSR: 5 | LSR overall: 5.2 | FSR overall: 5.7 | Urban: 6", |
| "definition": "Defined occupancy costs divided by matching sales. Specify rent, CAM, taxes, insurance and facilities inclusions; exact historical source scope is unverified for these references.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Unverified for these retained values; no measured Level industry cohort", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): National Restaurant Association, 2024 occupancy commentary", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/restaurants/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "restaurants", |
| "vertical_label": "Restaurants", |
| "metric_key": "what_a_100_order_actually_keeps_by_channel", |
| "metric_label": "Illustrative $100-Order Contribution by Channel (Assumed Item Margin and Fees)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Level illustrative order-contribution arithmetic, not measured channel results", |
| "reference_positions": "Dine-in: 68 | 1st-party pickup: 66 | 3rd-party delivery (25% fee): 43 | 3rd-party delivery (30% fee): 38", |
| "definition": "Illustrative retained order contribution divided by assumed order revenue: assumed item margin less fee percentage points on the same $100 order base. Labor, overhead and other costs are outside this model.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Not a measured sample", |
| "source": "Level illustration using assumed item margin and fee sensitivities, not measured channel results", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/restaurants/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "restaurants", |
| "vertical_label": "Restaurants", |
| "metric_key": "hourly_turnover_annualized_rolling_12_mo", |
| "metric_label": "Hourly Turnover References (Different Attributed Reporting Windows)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Retained source-attributed references; exact report values not independently reverified", |
| "reference_positions": "FSR 2025 (Q1-Q3): 92 | FSR 2024 (Q3): 96 | LSR 2025 (Q3): 110 | LSR 2024 (Q3): 135", |
| "definition": "Employee exits divided by eligible average headcount for the defined reporting period, annualized only with a stated method. Prior source references use different segments and periods and are not a common cohort.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Unverified for these retained values; no measured Level industry cohort", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): Black Box Intelligence, Workforce Trends Q3 2025", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/restaurants/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "cleaning", |
| "vertical_label": "Cleaning", |
| "metric_key": "janitor_cleaner_hourly_wage_bls_oews", |
| "metric_label": "Janitor & Cleaner Hourly Wage (BLS OEWS)", |
| "unit": "value", |
| "evidence_type": "Published BLS May 2023 national employee wage percentiles", |
| "reference_positions": "P10: 12.39 | P25: 14.22 | Median: 16.84 | P75: 19.05 | P90: 23.18", |
| "definition": "BLS May 2023 national hourly employee wages for SOC 37-2011 Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners. Self-employed workers are excluded; wages are not loaded contract costs or current metro quotes.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "BLS OEWS national employee occupation estimates, self-employed excluded; no Level sample", |
| "source": "BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics 2023", |
| "source_url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/2023/may/oes372011.htm", |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/cleaning/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "cleaning", |
| "vertical_label": "Cleaning", |
| "metric_key": "labor_as_of_total_job_cost_industry_range", |
| "metric_label": "Labor Share of Job Cost (Previously Attributed References)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Retained source-attributed references; exact report values not independently reverified", |
| "reference_positions": "Light Touch: 50 | Standard Office: 65 | Healthcare / Specialty: 75 | Heavy Compliance: 85 | Pure Janitorial Cost: 90", |
| "definition": "Defined direct labor cost divided by total defined direct job cost for the same account and period. Specify burden, supplies, travel and equipment scope; these retained inputs are not a verified industry distribution.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Unverified for these retained values; no measured Level industry cohort", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): BSCAI + FMLink benchmarking", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/cleaning/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "cleaning", |
| "vertical_label": "Cleaning", |
| "metric_key": "annual_account_turnover_bscai_2024_survey_buckets", |
| "metric_label": "Share of Respondent Firms by Annual Account-Loss Bucket", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Retained source-attributed references; exact report values not independently reverified", |
| "reference_positions": "<10% lost: 73 | 11-15% lost: 12 | 16-20% lost: 6 | 21-50% lost: 5 | >50% lost: 4", |
| "definition": "Plot value = respondent firms in the stated account-loss bucket divided by responding firms. Level recommends defining annual account loss as lost eligible opening accounts divided by eligible opening accounts; the historically attributed survey's own denominator is not reverified.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Unverified for these retained values; no measured Level industry cohort", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): BSCAI 2024 Industry Market Study", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/cleaning/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "cleaning", |
| "vertical_label": "Cleaning", |
| "metric_key": "pricing_sq_ft_month_observed_range", |
| "metric_label": "Pricing $/sq ft/month (planning cases)", |
| "unit": "value", |
| "evidence_type": "Level planning input; no measured source observation or percentile", |
| "reference_positions": "Warehouse low: 0.07 | Office low: 0.09 | Office mid: 0.13 | Medical low: 0.14 | Medical high: 0.29", |
| "definition": "Assumed monthly contract revenue divided by serviced square feet. State visits per month, scope, actual service minutes, travel and supplies; this is not a per-visit quote or measured market price.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured sample", |
| "source": "Level planning contract-price inputs; measured engagement population not supplied", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/cleaning/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "cleaning", |
| "vertical_label": "Cleaning", |
| "metric_key": "days_sales_outstanding_dso", |
| "metric_label": "Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)", |
| "unit": "d", |
| "evidence_type": "Mixed: previously attributed ABM proxy and independent Level planning collection days", |
| "reference_positions": "Planning case 30d: 30 | Planning case 45d: 45 | ABM (large IFM): 60 | Planning case 75d: 75 | Planning case 90d: 90", |
| "definition": "Eligible billed receivables divided by matching credit revenue times days in the period. Specify average versus year-end receivables and exclude/disclose unbilled work. The ABM-attributed proxy differs from actual customer collection timing.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Unverified for these retained values; no measured Level industry cohort", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): ABM FY 2024 10-K, industry working-capital research", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/cleaning/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "cleaning", |
| "vertical_label": "Cleaning", |
| "metric_key": "workers_comp_cost_as_of_payroll_janitorial_ncci_class_9014", |
| "metric_label": "Workers Comp Cost as % of Payroll (Janitorial, NCCI Class 9014)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Level planning input; no measured source observation or percentile", |
| "reference_positions": "Illustration: lower cost: 4 | Illustration: middle cost: 7 | Planning case 12%: 12", |
| "definition": "Applicable workers-compensation premium divided by covered payroll for the same policy period. State class codes, experience modification, exclusions and actual insurer terms; the displayed percentages are independent planning inputs.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured sample", |
| "source": "Level premium-to-payroll planning sensitivities; state and insurer terms require verification", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/cleaning/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "staffing", |
| "vertical_label": "Staffing & Recruiting", |
| "metric_key": "time_to_fill_bullhorn_grid_2026", |
| "metric_label": "Average Time to Place: Bullhorn Subgroup Thresholds and Planning Durations", |
| "unit": "d", |
| "evidence_type": "Named vendor subgroup thresholds plus separate planning durations", |
| "reference_positions": "Threshold <=3 d (22% of top performers): 3 | Threshold <10 d (56% of top performers): 10 | Planning 15 days: 15 | Planning 19 days: 19 | Planning 35 days: 35", |
| "definition": "Average time to place as reported by vendor survey respondents. Thresholds are not quantiles and are not directly comparable with independent duration inputs.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Nearly 2,300 professionals globally overall; subgroup size not captured", |
| "source": "Bullhorn GRID 2026 Industry Trends", |
| "source_url": "https://www.bullhorn.com/grid/2026-industry-trends/report/", |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/staffing/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "staffing", |
| "vertical_label": "Staffing & Recruiting", |
| "metric_key": "gross_margin_by_segment_fy2024", |
| "metric_label": "Gross Margin by Segment (Previously Attributed Sources, Different Populations)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Retained source-attributed references; exact report values not independently reverified", |
| "reference_positions": "Healthcare: 21 | Light Industrial (TBI): 25.9 | IT (Kforce): 26.5 | Engineering: 33 | Finance & Acct (Kforce): 38.5", |
| "definition": "Same-period revenue less defined direct pay, payroll burden and assignment costs divided by that revenue. Contract staffing and fee-only permanent placement use different denominators; prior source segment figures are not common quartiles.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Unverified for these retained values; no measured Level industry cohort", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): Kforce, TrueBlue; Staffing Hub 2024 survey (exact value/position not reverified)", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/staffing/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "staffing", |
| "vertical_label": "Staffing & Recruiting", |
| "metric_key": "days_sales_outstanding_dso", |
| "metric_label": "Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)", |
| "unit": "d", |
| "evidence_type": "Mixed: previously attributed filing-input arithmetic proxy plus Level planning collection days", |
| "reference_positions": "Planning case 30d: 30 | Planning case 40d: 40 | RHI implied (FY24): 49 | Planning case 55d: 55 | Planning case 65d: 65", |
| "definition": "Eligible billed receivables divided by matching credit revenue times days in the period. The retained Robert Half proxy uses year-end AR and annual revenue; planning cases and actual invoice collection dates are separate measures.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No common measured sample", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): Robert Half FY 2024 10-K (AR $772M ÷ Revenue $5.8B × 365)", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/staffing/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "staffing", |
| "vertical_label": "Staffing & Recruiting", |
| "metric_key": "kforce_fy2024_gross_margin_to_net_margin_of_revenue", |
| "metric_label": "Kforce FY 2024: gross margin to net margin (% of revenue) (Previously Attributed, Not Reverified)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Retained source-attributed references; exact report values not independently reverified", |
| "reference_positions": "Gross profit: 27 | After SG&A (op. income): 5 | Net income: 3.6", |
| "definition": "Gross profit, operating income and net income each divided by the same revenue period. Reconcile SG&A, interest, tax and adjustments; previously attributed filing inputs are unverified here.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "Unverified for these retained values; no measured Level industry cohort", |
| "source": "Previously attributed Kforce FY 2024 filing context; no independent corroboration is asserted", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/staffing/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "staffing", |
| "vertical_label": "Staffing & Recruiting", |
| "metric_key": "annual_gross_profit_per_producer_recruiter", |
| "metric_label": "Annual Gross Profit per Producer / Recruiter", |
| "unit": "K", |
| "evidence_type": "Level planning input; no measured source observation or percentile", |
| "reference_positions": "Planning case $150K: 150 | Planning case $250K: 250 | Planning case $380K: 380 | Planning case $500K: 500 | Planning case $750K: 750", |
| "definition": "Same-period gross profit divided by average eligible producer/recruiter FTE. These are independent annual planning inputs; the unresolved-period recruiter worksheet amounts are not comparable. Chart and table amounts are separate scenarios, not the same central case.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured sample", |
| "source": "Level producer-contribution planning inputs", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/staffing/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "staffing", |
| "vertical_label": "Staffing & Recruiting", |
| "metric_key": "markup_vs_gross_margin", |
| "metric_label": "Pay-Rate Markup Planning Scenarios", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Level markup arithmetic and independent planning inputs", |
| "reference_positions": "Planning 25% markup: 25 | Planning 35% markup: 35 | Planning 50% markup: 50 | Planning 65% markup: 65 | Planning 75% markup: 75", |
| "definition": "Markup=(bill rate-pay rate)/pay rate. Unburdened spread=(bill-pay)/bill. Burdened gross margin=(bill-pay-burden)/bill, with burden in dollars or explicitly as a share of pay; assumptions are not measured medians.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured sample", |
| "source": "Level arithmetic with assumed payroll burden and independent markup inputs", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/staffing/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "staffing", |
| "vertical_label": "Staffing & Recruiting", |
| "metric_key": "workers_comp_cost_as_of_payroll_light_industrial_by_risk_tier", |
| "metric_label": "Workers Comp Cost as % of Payroll (light industrial, by risk tier)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Level planning input; no measured source observation or percentile", |
| "reference_positions": "Lower cost scenario: 4 | Center cost scenario: 8 | Higher cost scenario: 14", |
| "definition": "Applicable workers-compensation premium divided by covered payroll for the same policy period. Claims reserves, reserve development and class-code loss costs are different measures; use actual insurer, state and exposure records.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured sample", |
| "source": "Level premium-to-payroll planning sensitivities; TrueBlue reserve-accounting and NCCI loss-cost context are different measures", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/staffing/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "landscaping", |
| "vertical_label": "Landscaping & Lawn Care", |
| "metric_key": "revenue_per_employee_k", |
| "metric_label": "Revenue per Employee ($K)", |
| "unit": "K", |
| "evidence_type": "Mixed: previously attributed references and Level planning inputs", |
| "reference_positions": "Planning lower reference: 90 | Attributed NALP average: 123 | $10M+ firms (NALP): 156 | Planning higher reference: 180 | Planning upper reference: 220", |
| "definition": "Same-period revenue divided by average eligible employee FTE. Verify owner, part-time and subcontractor treatment before comparing; source-specific historical definitions are not certified for unverified references.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No common measured cohort; source-specific samples unverified", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): NALP 2025 Financial Benchmark Report", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/landscaping/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "landscaping", |
| "vertical_label": "Landscaping & Lawn Care", |
| "metric_key": "net_profit_margin", |
| "metric_label": "Net Profit Margin", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Mixed: previously attributed references and Level planning inputs", |
| "reference_positions": "BrightView FY 2025 attributed reference: 2 | Planning 3% input: 3 | Industry 12% attributed context: 12 | Previously attributed survey reference (12%): 12 | Planning 15% input: 15", |
| "definition": "Net income divided by same-period revenue. Reconcile owner compensation, interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is a different measure and requires its own explicit adjustments. Historical attributed source definitions are not certified to match this planning formula.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No common measured cohort; source-specific samples unverified", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): NALP 2025 Financial Benchmark Report; IBISWorld Landscaping Services 2025; BrightView (BV) FY 2025 10-K", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/landscaping/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "landscaping", |
| "vertical_label": "Landscaping & Lawn Care", |
| "metric_key": "customer_retention_rate_annual", |
| "metric_label": "Customer Retention Rate (annual)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Mixed: previously attributed references and Level planning inputs", |
| "reference_positions": "Lower planning reference: 65 | Planning lower-middle reference: 78 | Attributed average: 89 | Planning higher reference: 94 | Planning upper reference: 98", |
| "definition": "Eligible opening customers retained through period end divided by opening eligible customers. Count new customers separately. Retained opening-customer revenue divided by opening-customer revenue is a different revenue-retention measure. Historical attributed source definitions are not certified to match this planning formula.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No common measured cohort; source-specific samples unverified", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): Lawn & Landscape benchmarking 2025", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/landscaping/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "landscaping", |
| "vertical_label": "Landscaping & Lawn Care", |
| "metric_key": "sales_close_rate_nalp_2020_data", |
| "metric_label": "Sales Close Rate: Retained Reference and Planning Cases", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Mixed: previously attributed references and Level planning inputs", |
| "reference_positions": "Lower planning reference: 25 | Planning lower-middle reference: 40 | Attributed NALP Reference: 54.7 | Planning higher reference: 70 | Planning upper reference: 82", |
| "definition": "Won bids divided by eligible submitted bids for a defined observation window. Specify undecided/withdrawn bids and count versus dollar-value basis. Historical attributed source definitions are not certified to match this planning formula.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No common measured cohort; source-specific samples unverified", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): NALP 2021 Financial Benchmark Study", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/landscaping/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "landscaping", |
| "vertical_label": "Landscaping & Lawn Care", |
| "metric_key": "days_sales_outstanding_dso", |
| "metric_label": "Days Sales Outstanding (DSO)", |
| "unit": "d", |
| "evidence_type": "Mixed: previously attributed references and Level planning inputs", |
| "reference_positions": "Planning case 30d: 30 | Planning case 45d: 45 | BrightView billed-AR (impl.): 54 | Planning case 62d: 62 | Planning case 90d: 90", |
| "definition": "Eligible billed receivables divided by matching credit revenue times days in the revenue period. State average versus year-end balance; exclude unbilled work or disclose it separately. This proxy does not measure individual invoice collection dates. Historical attributed source definitions are not certified to match this planning formula.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No common measured cohort; source-specific samples unverified", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): BrightView FY 2025 10-K", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/landscaping/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "landscaping", |
| "vertical_label": "Landscaping & Lawn Care", |
| "metric_key": "recurring_revenue_mix_examples", |
| "metric_label": "Recurring Revenue Mix Examples", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Mixed: previously attributed references and Level planning inputs", |
| "reference_positions": "Planning pure install shop: 5 | Planning mixed: 35 | Planning reference: 55 | BrightView: 70 | Planning case 85%: 85", |
| "definition": "Recognized contracted recurring-service revenue divided by total recognized revenue for the same period. Maintenance segment revenue is not automatically the same as recurring contracted revenue; verify scope. Historical attributed source definitions are not certified to match this planning formula.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No common measured cohort; source-specific samples unverified", |
| "source": "Previously attributed source context (exact values not reverified): Previously attributed BrightView FY 2025 segment context and independent Level mix planning inputs", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/landscaping/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "ecommerce", |
| "vertical_label": "Ecommerce & DTC", |
| "metric_key": "cash_conversion_cycle_days", |
| "metric_label": "Cash Conversion Cycle (Days)", |
| "unit": "days", |
| "evidence_type": "Directional planning reference", |
| "reference_positions": "Scenario A: 120 | Scenario B: 75 | Scenario C: 50 | Scenario D: 30 | Scenario E: 15", |
| "definition": "Days inventory outstanding plus days sales outstanding minus days payable outstanding.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured ecommerce cohort", |
| "source": "Level planning references; not measured external percentiles", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/ecommerce/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "ecommerce", |
| "vertical_label": "Ecommerce & DTC", |
| "metric_key": "return_rate_of_sales_by_category", |
| "metric_label": "Published return-rate estimates (population and year differ)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Published estimates; populations and years differ", |
| "reference_positions": "Online estimate (NRF 2025): 19.3 | Large U.S. retailer estimate (NRF 2024): 16.9", |
| "definition": "2025 projected online-sales returns / online sales; 2024 surveyed large U.S. retailers' estimated annual-sales returns / annual sales. Different source populations and years, not category percentiles.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "2025: not captured in reviewed excerpt; 2024: 249 ecommerce/finance professionals at U.S. retailers >$500M revenue", |
| "source": "NRF / Happy Returns, 2025 Retail Returns Landscape; NRF 2024 Consumer Returns in the Retail Industry", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/ecommerce/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "ecommerce", |
| "vertical_label": "Ecommerce & DTC", |
| "metric_key": "revenue_per_employee_k", |
| "metric_label": "Revenue per Employee ($K)", |
| "unit": "K", |
| "evidence_type": "Directional planning reference", |
| "reference_positions": "Scenario A: 150 | Scenario B: 250 | Scenario C: 400 | Scenario D: 650 | Scenario E: 1000", |
| "definition": "Annual revenue divided by reported or inferred full-time-equivalent employees.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured ecommerce cohort", |
| "source": "Level planning references; not measured external percentiles", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/ecommerce/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "ecommerce", |
| "vertical_label": "Ecommerce & DTC", |
| "metric_key": "contribution_margin_after_cogs_shipping_fees_ad_spend", |
| "metric_label": "Contribution Margin After COGS, Shipping, Fees & Ad Spend", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Directional planning reference", |
| "reference_positions": "Scenario A: -5 | Scenario B: 8 | Scenario C: 18 | Scenario D: 28 | Scenario E: 38", |
| "definition": "Revenue remaining after COGS, shipping, payment fees, returns, and paid acquisition costs.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured ecommerce cohort", |
| "source": "Level planning references; not measured external percentiles", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/ecommerce/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "ecommerce", |
| "vertical_label": "Ecommerce & DTC", |
| "metric_key": "cac_as_of_first_order_revenue", |
| "metric_label": "CAC as % of First-Order Revenue", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Directional planning reference", |
| "reference_positions": "Scenario A: 55 | Scenario B: 38 | Scenario C: 28 | Scenario D: 18 | Scenario E: 10", |
| "definition": "Customer acquisition cost divided by first-order revenue, expressed as a percentage.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured ecommerce cohort", |
| "source": "Level planning references; not measured external percentiles", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/ecommerce/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "ecommerce", |
| "vertical_label": "Ecommerce & DTC", |
| "metric_key": "return_on_ad_spend_roas_by_channel", |
| "metric_label": "Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) by Channel", |
| "unit": "×", |
| "evidence_type": "Historical references; common cohort unverified", |
| "reference_positions": "Meta (historical reference): 1.86 | TikTok (historical reference): 2.21 | Amazon (historical reference): 3.14 | Google (historical reference): 3.68", |
| "definition": "Attributed revenue divided by advertising spend for the named channel.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No common sample established", |
| "source": "Meta 1.86 named in Triple Whale Meta article (Aug 2024-Jul 2025); other three retained values, origin and period unverified.", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/ecommerce/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "ecommerce", |
| "vertical_label": "Ecommerce & DTC", |
| "metric_key": "ltv_cac_ratio", |
| "metric_label": "LTV:CAC Ratio", |
| "unit": "×", |
| "evidence_type": "Directional planning reference", |
| "reference_positions": "Scenario A: 1 | Scenario B: 1.8 | Scenario C: 2.8 | Scenario D: 4.2 | Scenario E: 6.5", |
| "definition": "Contribution-margin lifetime value divided by customer acquisition cost.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured ecommerce cohort", |
| "source": "Level planning references; not measured external percentiles", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/ecommerce/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "ecommerce", |
| "vertical_label": "Ecommerce & DTC", |
| "metric_key": "repeat_purchase_rate_within_12_months", |
| "metric_label": "Repeat Purchase Rate (within 12 months)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Directional planning reference", |
| "reference_positions": "Scenario A: 10 | Scenario B: 18 | Scenario C: 27 | Scenario D: 38 | Scenario E: 52", |
| "definition": "First-time customers in a chosen cohort who order again within 12 months divided by first-time customers in that cohort. This differs from Klaviyo returning customers / total customers guidance.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured ecommerce cohort", |
| "source": "Level planning references; not measured external percentiles", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/ecommerce/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| }, |
| { |
| "vertical_slug": "ecommerce", |
| "vertical_label": "Ecommerce & DTC", |
| "metric_key": "revenue_from_single_largest_channel", |
| "metric_label": "Revenue from Single Largest Channel (%)", |
| "unit": "%", |
| "evidence_type": "Directional planning reference", |
| "reference_positions": "Scenario A: 30 | Scenario B: 40 | Scenario C: 55 | Scenario D: 72 | Scenario E: 90", |
| "definition": "Revenue from the largest sales channel divided by total revenue.", |
| "sample_or_scope": "No measured ecommerce cohort", |
| "source": "Level planning references; not measured external percentiles", |
| "source_url": null, |
| "canonical_url": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/ecommerce/", |
| "license": "Level Personal, Academic & Non-Commercial Evaluation License v1.0 (Commercial Use Requires License from sam@levelcfo.com)", |
| "commercial_licensing_contact": "sam@levelcfo.com", |
| "canary_watermark_token": "LEVEL-IP-CANARY-9F4A-7C2E-PERSONAL-USE-ONLY-CONTACT-SAM-AT-LEVELCFO-COM" |
| } |
| ] |
|
|
