id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_8600 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on several issues related to Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) rebates for infant formula, focusing on: (1) how prices in the infant formula market changed for non-WIC purchasers and WIC agencies after the introduction ... | [
"For the first several months of life, breast milk or infant formula is the primary item in a baby’s diet. The content and quality of infant formula is strictly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration for all brands. Therefore, milk-based or soy-based infant formula is nutritionally identical among brands. Th... |
train_8601 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In fiscal year 2014, DHS reported it planned to spend approximately $10.7 billion on its major acquisition programs. DHS acquires systems to reduce the probability of a terrorist attack, protect against disease, mitigate natural hazards, and secure borders. Partially in response to GAO recommendations, the department h... | [
"DHS invests in major acquisition programs to develop capabilities intended to improve its ability to execute its mission. DHS policy defines acquisition programs as follows: Level 1 major acquisition programs are expected to cost $1 billion or more over their life cycles. Level 2 major acquisition programs are exp... |
train_8602 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In January 2006, to better align foreign assistance programs with U.S. foreign policy goals, the Secretary of State appointed the Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to serve concurrently as Director of Foreign Assistance (DFA) and gave the DFA authority over all Department of State a... | [
"In January 2006, the Secretary of State stated that America’s current foreign assistance structure risks incoherent policies, ineffective programs, and wasted resources when spending is not strategically tied to overarching U.S. goals and foreign assistance is fragmented across numerous bureaus and agencies. At th... |
train_8603 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pesticides play a significant role in increasing production of tobacco, food, and other crops by reducing the number of crop-destroying pests. However, if used improperly, pesticides can have significant adverse health effects. GAO was asked to (1) identify the pesticides commonly used on tobacco crops and the potentia... | [
"Tobacco is a high-value, pesticide-intensive crop. That is, tobacco is the nation’s ninth highest valued crop, and in terms of the amount of pesticide applied per acre, tobacco ranks sixth—behind potatoes, tomatoes, citrus, grapes, and apples. In the United States, tobacco is grown in 16 states, 2 of which—Kentuck... |
train_8604 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government reportedly plans to spend at least $82 billion on IT in fiscal year 2014. Given the scale of such planned outlays and the criticality of many of these systems to the health, economy, and security of the nation, it is important that OMB and federal agencies provide appropriate oversight and transp... | [
"Information technology should enable government to better serve the American people. However, despite spending hundreds of billions on IT since 2000, the federal government has experienced failed IT projects and has achieved little of the productivity improvements that private industry has realized from IT. Too of... |
train_8605 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed whether the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. have implemented the recommendations from a previous GAO report, focusing on the status of Nasdaq's: (1) response to recommendations SEC made as part of its oversight of Nasdaq's Listing ... | [
"Nasdaq is the subsidiary of the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) that is responsible for developing, operating, and maintaining systems, services, and products for the Nasdaq over-the-counter securities market. It is also responsible for formulating regulatory policies and listing requirements app... |
train_8606 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The current generation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been under development since the 1980s. UAVs were used in Afghanistan and Iraq in 2002 and 2003 to observe, track, target, and strike enemy forces. These successes have heightened interest in UAVs within the Department of Defense (DOD). Congress has been par... | [
"DOD defines a UAV as a powered aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator; can be land-, air-, or ship-launched; uses aerodynamic forces to provide lift; can be autonomously or remotely piloted; can be expendable or recoverable; and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload. Generally, UAVs consist of the a... |
train_8607 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Corporation for National and Community Service (the Corporation) was created to help meet community needs and expand educational opportunity by providing education awards to participants. The Corporation oversees and funds the AmeriCorps program as well as the National Service Trust (the Trust), which pays the educ... | [
"The Corporation is part of the USA Freedom Corps, a White House initiative to foster a culture of citizenship, service, and responsibility, and help all Americans answer the President’s Call to Service. The Corporation maintains administrative field offices in almost every state. AmeriCorps was created in 1993 and... |
train_8608 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With nearly 200 countries using unique passports, official stamps, seals, and visas, the potential for immigration document fraud is great. The Immigration and Naturalization Service's Forensic Document Laboratory is the only federal laboratory dedicated to fraud detection. The Laboratory's budget was $4.1 million in f... | [
"Established in 1979 as part of INS’s intelligence program, FDL’s mission is to provide a variety of forensic and intelligence services to INS and other federal, state, local agencies, and foreign governments. FDL’s library of international travel and identity documents, the largest such library in the Western Hemi... |
train_8609 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent years, many entities in the private, public, and government sectors have reported the loss or theft of sensitive personal information. These breaches have raised concerns in part because they can result in identity theft--either account fraud (such as misuse of credit card numbers) or unauthorized creation of... | [
"Breaches of sensitive personal data in recent years at companies, universities, government agencies, and other organizations have heightened public awareness about data security and the risks of identity theft, and have led to the introduction of breach notification requirements in many state legislatures. As of A... |
train_8610 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Historically, the Forest Service has not been able to provide Congress or the public with a clear understanding of what the Forest Service's 30,000 employees accomplish with the approximately $5 billion the agency receives every year. Since 1990, GAO has reported 7 times on performance accountability weaknesses at the ... | [
"The Forest Service is organized into six areas, each headed by a deputy chief, who reports directly to the Chief of the Forest Service. These deputy chiefs are responsible for the National Forest System; State and Private Forestry; Research and Development; Budget and Finance; Programs, Legislation and Communicati... |
train_8611 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2008, GAO reported that 1,088 oil industry mergers occurred between 2000 and 2007. Given the potential for price effects, GAO recommended that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the agency with the authority to maintain petroleum industry competition, undertake more regular retrospective reviews of past petroleum i... | [
"The U.S. petroleum industry consists of firms of varying sizes that operate in one or more of three broad segments—the upstream, which consists of the exploration for and production of crude oil; the midstream, which consists of pipelines and other infrastructure used to transport crude oil and refined products; a... |
train_8612 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to state reporting to GAO, there were at least 8 million active permits to carry concealed handguns in the United States as of December 31, 2011. States and local authorities control the issuance of concealed carry permits. Applicants who wish to obtain such permits are required to meet certain state eligibil... | [
"States’ concealed carry laws can allow handgun owners, under certain conditions, to carry a loaded handgun either concealed on a person, in a vehicle, or in public. “Concealed carry” means a person may carry a handgun in a manner so that others cannot see the handgun. Generally, these laws apply to handguns—i.e. p... |
train_8613 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides, or pays for, a range of mental health services for veterans. To effectively manage resources and ensure access to eligible veterans, VA needs complete spending and workload information for mental health services. This information is also important for congressional over... | [
"VA provides mental health services in each of its medical centers, which are located throughout VA’s 21 health care networks, in settings primarily used for providing mental health services. In these settings, which include mental health clinics, VA provides outpatient, residential, domiciliary, and inpatient hosp... |
train_8614 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 2002, the United States and other nations have worked to develop ANSF. In 2010, the United States, NATO, and other coalition partners agreed to transition responsibility for the security of Afghanistan from the international community to the Afghan government by the end of 2014. According to NATO, a successful se... | [
"DOD and NATO report progress in developing capable ANSF. In April 2012, DOD reported that the number of ANSF grew steadily and exceeded growth targets. Similarly, as of May 2012, NATO reported that the Afghan National Army (ANA) reached its October 2012 recruitment growth goal of 195,000, while the Afghan National... |
train_8615 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO examined the potential impact of Farm Credit Bank (FCB) mergers on Farm Credit System borrowers and associations, focusing on the: (1) economies of scale; (2) level of services offered by FCB associations; (3) System's operation as a cooperative; and (4) bank-association relat... | [
"The Farm Credit System is a congressionally chartered enterprise that provides credit and services to agriculture. Divided into regional districts, this nationwide network of cooperatively owned banks and associations with almost $65 billion in assets provides credit to member-borrowers, including eligible farmers... |
train_8616 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many individuals receiving monthly compensation and pension benefits from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) have mental impairments that prevent them from managing their finances. VA's Fiduciary Program selects and oversees third parties, called fiduciaries, to help manage and protect beneficiaries' funds. GAO ex... | [
"Many individuals receiving monthly compensation and pension benefits from the VA have mental impairments that can prevent them from managing their finances. These conditions may result from injury, disease, or infirmities of age. In 1935, Congress created an early version of the VA Fiduciary Program to select and ... |
train_8617 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the General Services Administration's (GSA) building security upgrade program. GAO noted that: (1) GSA directed its regions to reassess the security of all the buildings in its inventory by April 1, 1999, for two purposes: (a) to ensure that all of its buildings have b... | [
"In our June 1998 testimony, we said that, because of the unreliability of the GSA’s building security upgrade tracking system, neither GSA nor we could determine whether all GSA buildings had been evaluated for security needs. Further, we said that we could not make a reliable determination of the status of the bu... |
train_8618 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2013, about 10 million adults in the United States had a serious mental illness. The U.S. mental health care system includes a range of federal programs—across multiple agencies—for those with mental illness. Past efforts to develop a list of federal programs supporting individuals with serious mental illness have h... | [
"Mental illness is generally defined as a health condition that changes a person’s thinking, feelings, or behavior and causes the person distress and difficulty in functioning. The symptoms associated with a given type of mental illness can vary in frequency and severity across individuals and for each individual o... |
train_8619 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | GAO reviewed the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) Taxpayer Compliance Measurement Program (TCMP), focusing on: (1) program plans for tax year 1994; and (2) the plans' potential effects on measuring taxpayer compliance. GAO found that: (1) the 1994 TCMP survey will differ significantly from previous surveys and include ... | [
"After the last TCMP survey for tax year 1988, IRS concluded that TCMP was too costly, too burdensome, and too time consuming. To mitigate these concerns, the former Commissioner of Internal Revenue asked IRS staff to redesign TCMP, reducing the sample size by over half and limiting the scope of the audits. In Apri... |
train_8620 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Money laundering is a serious issue; an estimated $500 billion are laundered annually. The extent to which money laundering through credit cards may be occurring, however, is unknown. Bank regulators, credit card industry representatives, and law enforcement officials interviewed by GAO indicated that credit card accou... | [
"Individuals engaged in illicit activities must eventually introduce their illegally gained money into the nation's legitimate financial systems, according to FinCEN. Money laundering involves disguising financial assets so they can be used without detection of the illegal activity that produced them. Through money... |
train_8621 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Three agencies of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have primary responsibility for securing the nation's borders--the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Together, they enforce security across 7,500 miles of land border between the United... | [
"The Homeland Security Act of 2002 consolidated most federal agencies charged with providing homeland security, including securing our nation’s borders, within the newly formed DHS. The department was created to improve coordination, communication, and information sharing among the multiple federal agencies respons... |
train_8622 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the appropriateness and major advantages of three proposals to increase the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation's (FCSIC) oversight powers over its Insurance Fund. GAO found that: (1) authorizing FCSIC to assess association capital would provide short-term additi... | [
"The System is a government-sponsored enterprise consisting of a nationwide network of privately owned cooperative banks and their related associations that provide billions of dollars of credit and services to eligible farmers, ranchers, producers, cooperatives, and others in rural America. The System, like other ... |
train_8623 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal agencies can directly purchase more than 8 million commercial products and services through the General Services Administration's (GSA) multiple award schedules (MAS) contracts. Over the past 10 years, MAS contract sales have increased dramatically--with sales jumping from $4 billion to $32 billion. In addition... | [
"GSA, through its Federal Supply Schedule (FSS) program, makes commonly used commercial items and services available to federal agencies. MAS, the largest FSS program, is designed to provide federal agencies with a simplified method for acquiring varying quantities of a wide range of commercially available goods an... |
train_8624 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Chairman, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, asked GAO to report on the claims processing challenges and opportunities facing the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) disability compensation and pension program. For years, the claims process has been the subject of concern and attention w... | [
"VA’s disability compensation program pays monthly benefits to veterans with service-connected disabilities (injuries or diseases incurred or aggravated while on active military duty) according to the severity of the disability. Also, VA pays dependency and indemnity compensation to some deceased veterans’ spouses,... |
train_8625 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Concerns have been raised over whether the disclosures of mutual fund fees and other fund practices are sufficiently transparent and fair to investors. GAO's testimony discusses (1) mutual fund fee disclosures, (2) the extent to which various corporate governance reforms are in place in the mutual fund industry, (3) th... | [
"Although mutual funds already disclose considerable information about the fees they charge, our report recommended that SEC consider requiring that mutual funds make additional disclosures to investors about fees in the account statements that investors receive. Mutual funds currently provide information about the... |
train_8626 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2009, GAO reported on doctor shopping in Medicaid, where individuals see several doctors and pharmacies, receiving more of a drug than was intended by any single physician. Questions have been raised about whether similar activity exists in Medicare Part D. GAO was asked to (1) determine the extent to which Medicare... | [
"The Medicare Part D program, administered by CMS, provides a voluntary, outpatient prescription drug benefit for eligible individuals 65 years and older and eligible individuals with disabilities. Beneficiaries may pay for part of the drug benefit through monthly premiums, deductibles, and co-pays. Low-income bene... |
train_8627 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In January 2007 the President announced an initiative, referred to as Grow the Force, to increase the end strength in the Army by more than 74,000 by 2013 and the Marine Corps by 27,000 personnel by 2011 to enhance U.S. forces, reduce stress on deployable personnel, and provide necessary forces for success in the Globa... | [
"The Grow the Force initiative will increase the end strength of the Army and Marine Corps collectively by more than 100,000 by 2013, as shown in table 1. The Army and Marine Corps are using personnel from their increased end strength to establish new units, as well as adding personnel to existing units. The Army’s... |
train_8628 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The F-35 Lightning II, the Joint Strike Fighter, is DOD's most costly and ambitious aircraft acquisition. The program is developing and fielding three aircraft variants for the Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and eight international partners. The F-35 is critical to long-term recapitalization plans as it is intended to ... | [
"The F-35 program made progress in 2012 on several fronts. The program met or substantially met most of its key management and development testing objectives for the year. We also found that the program made progress in addressing key technical risks, as well as improving software management, manufacturing, and sup... |
train_8629 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Forest Service's use of its National Forest Fund, focusing on: (1) the timber harvest volumes, the timber receipts for fiscal years (FY) 1990 through 1996, and the timber sale funds returned to the Treasury from the National Forest Fund; (2) the actions taken by the... | [
"The Forest Service, within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, manages the 192-million-acre national forest system with its 155 national forests. The national forests generate receipts from a variety of resources, including recreation, grazing, and minerals; however, timber sale receipts have traditionally generat... |
train_8630 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | GAO reviewed the methods that federally insured depository institutions used to establish loan loss reserves, focusing on whether: (1) the reserve amounts were justified by supporting analysis and comparable among institutions; and (2) accounting standards and regulatory guidance were sufficient to promote fair and con... | [
"In the late 1980s, loan loss reserves established by depository institutions were criticized by regulators as being inadequate to cover losses from bad loans. From 1980 to 1992, approximately 2,700 federally insured depository institutions failed, at a substantial cost to the insurance funds and taxpayers. Bad loa... |
train_8631 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | GAO discussed the Social Security Administration's (SSA) efforts to address future policy changes and program issues. GAO noted that: (1) SSA is strengthening its strategic management process, developing performance measures, measuring customer satisfaction, and producing accurate financial statements; (2) SSA has not ... | [
"At this time of heightened attention to the costs and effectiveness of all federal programs, the Congress and the Administration have acted to promote a more efficient federal government that stresses managing for results and accountability. These efforts include the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (CFO Act),... |
train_8632 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed whether the Health Care Financing Administration's (HCFA) population-based standard appropriately measures the extent to which organ procurement organizations (OPO) are maximizing their ability to identify, procure, and transplant organs and tissue, focusing on: (1) the... | [
"Although the number of donors is not growing as quickly as the demand for organs, the number of donors has steadily increased since 1988. The major reason for this increase is because many more older people are becoming organ donors than in the past. Nearly two-thirds of cadaveric donors were between the ages of 1... |
train_8633 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is subject to most U.S. laws but, under the terms of its 1976 covenant with the United States, administers its own immigration system. It has applied this flexibility to admit substantial numbers of foreign workers, in addition to admitting tourists and foreign in... | [
"The CNMI consists of 14 islands in the Pacific Ocean, 3 of which are substantially inhabited, just north of Guam and about 5,500 miles from the U.S. mainland. In 2005, more than two-thirds of the CNMI’s workers were non-U.S. citizens (noncitizens), who were predominantly Chinese or Filipino. Foreign workers make u... |
train_8634 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Army's Future Combat Systems (FCS) program features multiple new systems linked by a first-of-a-kind information network. The Army contracted with a lead systems integrator (LSI) for FCS that could serve in a more expansive role than a typical prime contractor would. In response to a congressional mandate, this rep... | [
"In May 2003, the Army and Boeing entered into an “other transaction agreement” for the system development and demonstration phase of the FCS program. Other transaction agreements are not subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) and this gave the Army considerable flexibility to negotiate the terms and c... |
train_8635 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Medicaid is the federal and state health care program for low-income and medically needy individuals including certain children, adults, and aged and disabled individuals. As states transition more Medicaid enrollees and services to managed care, stakeholders have raised questions about populations that remain in FFS a... | [
"Historically, Medicaid eligibility has been limited to certain categories of low-income individuals—such as children, parents, pregnant women, persons with disabilities, and individuals age 65 and older. In addition to these traditional eligibility categories, PPACA, which was enacted on March, 23, 2010, permitted... |
train_8636 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In April 2009, President Obama announced an initiative to secure all vulnerable nuclear materials—such as those that could be stolen by terrorists and used to construct a nuclear device—within 4 years. DOE is primarily responsible for activities under this initiative, but the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), the De... | [
"The NSC document describing the initiative called for a U.S. interagency effort, with the NSC coordinating U.S. activities to secure and remove vulnerable nuclear materials worldwide. DOE has the largest agency role in undertaking initiative-related activities. Several offices within DOE and other U.S. agencies an... |
train_8637 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2004, the Forest Service reported to the Congress that it had a backlog of nearly 900,000 acres of land needing reforestation--the planting and natural regeneration of trees. Reforestation and subsequent timber stand improvement treatments, such as thinning trees and removing competing vegetation, are critical to re... | [
"Historically, the Forest Service’s reforestation and timber stand improvement program focused on maximizing timber production. Now, however, the program is intended to achieve a variety of objectives, such as improving wildlife habitat, maintaining water quality, and ensuring sustainable timber production. To achi... |
train_8638 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Public demand and federal funding for transit have grown in recent years, yet most of this funding is not tied to performance. As Congress prepares for reauthorization of the federal surface transportation programs, GAO was asked to report on (1) the extent to which federal transit programs use performance information ... | [
"Federal transit funds are distributed to recipients by formula, through specific designations within the legislation, or on a discretionary basis through individual grant programs. FTA administers its programs according to the programmatic framework for the nation’s transportation infrastructure specified in SAFET... |
train_8639 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Program managers are an important part of the federal government's workforce. They interact with project managers to provide support and guidance on individual projects but also must take a broad view of program objectives and organizational culture. NNSA, a separately organized agency within DOE, is responsible for ma... | [
"This section describes (1) DOE directives and NNSA policy letters, (2) federal internal control standards related to program managers, and (3) leading practices related to program management. According to DOE’s Departmental Directives Program order, directives are DOE’s primary means to set, communicate, and insti... |
train_8640 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNA), registered nurses who have completed a master's degree program in nurse anesthesia, provide the majority of anesthesia care veterans receive in VA medical facilities. While the demand for CRNAs is anticipated to increase, many CRNAs employed by VA--VA CRNAs--are nearing r... | [
"Anesthesia services are provided by anesthesia practitioners—typically anesthesiologists and CRNAs. Anesthesiologists are physicians who have completed medical school and typically a 4-year anesthesiology residency. Both anesthesiologists and CRNAs administer anesthesia for all types of surgical procedures, workin... |
train_8641 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | IGCEs are the government's best estimate of a contract's potential costs—an important tool for both program and contracting officials to provide information when planning for and awarding contracts. IGCEs are particularly critical for service contracts—accounting for more than $270 billion in government contract spendi... | [
"An IGCE is an estimate of the expected cost of a contract or task order. IGCEs are developed by government personnel before soliciting contractor proposals or making contract awards. A quality IGCE can support both program and contracting officials throughout the phases of the acquisition planning and award proces... |
train_8642 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This testimony describes the benefits to the federal government of public-private partnerships on real property. Under these partnerships, the private sector finances the renovation or redevelopment of real property contributed by the federal government. Each partner then shares in the net cash flow. Key factors typica... | [
"We have suggested that the Congress consider providing the Administrator of GSA with the authority to experiment with funding alternatives, including public-private partnerships, when they reflect the best economic value available for the federal government. Congress has enacted legislation that provides certain o... |
train_8643 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent data breaches highlight how identity theft may occur when businesses share individuals' personal information, including Social Security Numbers (SSNs), with contractors. Because private sector entities are more likely to share consumers' personal information via contractors, members of Congress raised concerns a... | [
"In recent years, companies have increasingly relied on the use of contractors to perform certain activities and functions related to their business operations. This trend has often been referred to as outsourcing. However, no commonly recognized definition of outsourcing exists, and there has been confusion over w... |
train_8644 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act required the establishment of health insurance marketplaces in each state to allow consumers to compare, select, and purchase health insurance plans. States establishing their own marketplaces are responsible for securing the supporting information systems to protect sensi... | [
"PPACA directed each state to establish and operate a state-based health insurance marketplace by January 1, 2014. These marketplaces were intended to provide a seamless, single point-of-access for individuals to enroll in private health plans, apply for income-based financial assistance established under the law, ... |
train_8645 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO assessed a private consultant's economic analysis of compensation due to the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe for the construction of the Oahe dam on tribal lands. GAO noted that: (1) the consultant's primary approach, which produced an estimate of $300.7 million in additional compens... | [
"In implementing the Flood Control Act of 1944, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) constructed a number of dams on the Missouri River in North Dakota and South Dakota. The construction of the Oahe dam, located 6 miles northwest of Pierre, South Dakota, began on September 16, 1948. President Kennedy officially... |
train_8646 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a legislative requirement, GAO reviewed the Department of Defense's (DOD) report on the costs and savings attributable to the rounds of base realignments and closures (BRAC), focusing on: (1) the costs and savings of prior BRAC rounds and estimated costs and savings of future BRAC rounds; (2) the impact of ... | [
"After four BRAC rounds between 1988 and 1995, the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, stated that DOD still retained excess facilities infrastructure. Both cited the need for future BRAC authority. Subsequently, the 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review and the 1997 report of the congressionall... |
train_8647 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | GAO reviewed the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) initiatives to resolve tax liabilities disputes without litigation, focusing on IRS': (1) design of these initiatives and taxpayers' use of them; and (2) plans for evaluating the impacts of its new initiatives on the stated goals. GAO noted that: (1) since 1990, IRS App... | [
"The federal government and the private sector have long recognized that litigation is costly, time consuming, and destructive of cooperative relationships. Congress intended that federal agencies avoid these problems by offering prompt and inexpensive administrative processes for resolving disputes; yet, over the ... |
train_8648 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Without proper safeguards, federal computer systems are vulnerable to intrusions by individuals who have malicious intentions and can obtain sensitive information. The need for a vigilant approach to information security has been demonstrated by the pervasive and sustained cyber attacks against the United States; these... | [
"To help protect against threats to federal systems, the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) is intended to set forth a comprehensive framework for ensuring the effectiveness of information security controls over information resources that support federal operations and assets. Its framework creates... |
train_8649 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) Tax Systems Modernization (TSM) plan, focusing on IRS efforts to correct: (1) management and technical weaknesses that have impeded TSM; and (2) analogous technical weaknesses in its Cyberfile initiative. GAO found that: (1) although... | [
"Modernizing tax processing is key to IRS’ vision of a virtually paper-free work environment in which taxpayer information is readily available to IRS employees to update taxpayer accounts and respond to taxpayer inquiries. In our July 1995 report, we emphasized the need for IRS to have in place sound management an... |
train_8650 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the laws and regulations governing foreign banking operations in the United States. GAO found that: (1) most foreign banks operate in U.S. wholesale banking markets, serve their home country and U.S. corporate customers, and engage in transactions with other financial i... | [
"This report is in response to a request from the former Chairman of the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs to determine the reasons for the rapid growth of foreign bank operations in the United States. We were requested to assess the role of foreign banks in providing funds to the U.S. economy... |
train_8651 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a legislative mandate, GAO reviewed the risk-sharing demonstration programs established under section 542 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992, focusing on: (1) how well the programs' goals are being met; (2) the benefits for participating financial institutions and the Department of Housing... | [
"During the 1980s, a decline in the production of affordable housing, coupled with an increase in the number of low-income households,reduced the availability of affordable housing for low-income households. Although the federal government wished to expand the availability of affordable housing, particularly multif... |
train_8652 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Buses form the backbone of the nation's mass transit systems. About 58 percent of all mass transit users take the bus, and even in many cities with extensive rail systems, more people ride the bus than take the train. In recent years, innovative Bus Rapid Transit systems have gained attention as an option for transit a... | [
"Bus Rapid Transit involves coordinated improvements in a transit system’s infrastructure, equipment, operations, and technology that give preferential treatment to buses on urban roadways. Bus Rapid Transit is not a single type of transit system; rather, it encompasses a variety of approaches designed to improve s... |
train_8653 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the U.S. Committee for the Implementation of Textile Agreements' (CITA) role in administering the U.S. textile program, focusing on: (1) CITA authority, functions, resources, and costs under the Multifiber Arrangement (MFA) and the 1994 Agreement on Textiles and Clothin... | [
"Historically, the U.S. textile and apparel (clothing) industries, including yarn, fabric, apparel, and a variety of home furnishings and industrial products, have faced intense competition in the U.S. marketplace from countries with low labor costs. Textile and apparel imports represented 7 percent of total U.S. i... |
train_8654 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) turned Lower Manhattan into a disaster site. As the towers collapsed, Lower Manhattan was blanketed with building debris and combustible materials. This complex mixture created a major concern: that thousands of residents and workers in the area w... | [
"After the collapse of the World Trade Center and the accompanying spread of dust resulting from the collapse, EPA, other federal agencies, and New York City and New York State public health and environmental authorities focused on numerous outdoor activities, including cleanup, dust collection, and air monitoring.... |
train_8655 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Changes in the character and the conduct of warfighting and in the range and the nature of missions call for an Army force that is more responsive and dominant across the full spectrum of operations and requires much less in-theater logistics support. To meet these new demands, the Army is using the latest technology t... | [
"Since the end of the Cold War, the pace and type of Army deployments has dramatically shifted toward more frequent, small-scale contingency operations. In the 40 years prior to 1990, the Army had 55 operational deployments, including the Korean Conflict and the Vietnam War. Since 1989, the Army has had 53 operatio... |
train_8656 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United Nations' (U.N.) headquarters in New York clearly needs to be renovated, and the Secretary-General will ask member states to make key decisions in 2002 about the future of the renovation. As host country to U.N. headquarters, the United States needs to play a major role in making these decisions if the renova... | [
"The U.N. headquarters complex clearly needs to be renovated. For example, the Capital Master Plan notes that “users of the United Nations Headquarters site...have a lower chance of survival during a fire than they would at comparable modern buildings…” While still in its early stages, we believe that the renovatio... |
train_8657 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with the aid of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), plans to procure the next generation of geostationary operational environmental satellites, called the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites-R serie... | [
"Since the 1960s, geostationary and polar-orbiting environmental satellites have been used by the United States to provide meteorological data for weather observation, research, and forecasting. NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) is responsible for managing the civilian ge... |
train_8658 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1993, Congress authorized the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program as an alternative to the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP). While the Direct Loan Program was originally mandated to replace FFELP, Congress revised the law allowing both loan programs to continue. Since that time, competition betw... | [
"Title IV of HEA authorizes federal student aid programs, including the Direct Loan Program and FFELP. FFELP originated in the HEA of 1965, while the Direct Loan Program was created in 1993. Originally, the Direct Loan Program was expected to replace FFELP over a 5-year period with the amount of loans provided thro... |
train_8659 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The many challenges and difficulties experienced in the wake of Hurricane Katrina and other catastrophes have led to considerable reflection on what lessons might be learned regarding disaster recovery. Congress has recognized the importance of improving the way our nation approaches disaster recovery by including in t... | [
"When recovering from a disaster, having clearly defined and well understood roles and responsibilities is a critical first step in coordinating and implementing the responsibilities of the various parties involved in the long-term recovery process. Roles, responsibilities, and lines of authority at all levels of g... |
train_8660 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2006, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) spent about 38 percent of its $10.8 billion budget on processing returns and providing taxpayer assistance. GAO was asked to (1) assess IRS's 2006 filing season performance processing paper and electronically filed tax returns and providing telephone, Web site, and face-to-fa... | [
"To assess IRS’s 2006 filing season performance in the key filing season activities—paper and electronic processing, plus telephone, Web site, and face-to-face assistance—compared to goals and past performance, and report on the status of the TAB, we reviewed and analyzed IRS reports, testimonies, budget submission... |
train_8661 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Nearly three decades ago, Congress enacted the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act. As GAO has found, the act sought to strengthen civilian control over the acquisition function in DOD and establish a more streamlined chain of command for developing and procuring weapon systems. The reporting cha... | [
"The Packard Commission, tasked by President Reagan to review defense management and organization, made a number of recommendations to improve the way DOD acquires weapon systems, including the need to establish “unambiguous authority for overall acquisition policy, clear accountability for acquisition execution, a... |
train_8662 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Like many federal agencies, the Coast Guard's priorities were dramatically altered by the events of September 11. The Coast Guard has requested $7.3 billion for fiscal year 2003--a 36 percent increase from the previous year. The events of September 11 caused a substantial shift of effort toward homeland security and aw... | [
"The Coast Guard, a Department of Transportation agency, is involved in seven main mission or program areas: (1) enforcing maritime laws and treaties, (2) search and rescue (3) aids to navigation, (4) marine environmental protection, (5) marine safety and security (including homeland security), (6) defense readines... |
train_8663 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Defense Department (DOD) encourages the reuse of excess property, including vehicles, weapons, hand tools, lumber, medical equipment, and furniture. DOD components, civilian federal agencies, and "special programs" have equal priority and first rights to excess property. This report discusses excess property issued... | [
"Responsibility for disposal of excess Department of Defense property has been delegated to the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service, which is part of the Defense Logistics Agency. When a military service or Defense agency organization has property it no longer needs, it turns the property over to a Defense ... |
train_8664 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report analyzes the gender and racial/ethnic diversity in the career Senior Executive Service (SES) governmentwide. GAO examines (1) whether the composition of the career SES changed during the 10-year period ending in fiscal year 1999 to include more minorities and women, (2) what proportion of women and minoriti... | [
"The SES was established by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. As of September 30, 1999, the SES had 6,871 members. The majority (6,205) of the SES members were in the career SES as of that date; the remaining 666 were in the noncareer SES. Career SES members are individuals with civil service status who are app... |
train_8665 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal officials, Congress, and the public have long voiced concerns about safety at the nation's nuclear weapons laboratories: Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos, and Sandia. The laboratories are overseen by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), while contractors carry out the majority of the work. A recen... | [
"NNSA carries out the department’s nuclear weapons research missions at three weapons laboratories—Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos, and Sandia national laboratories. These three laboratories have primarily a science and technology mission, which focuses on maintaining the nation’s nuclear weapons stockpile; preventi... |
train_8666 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. nuclear weapons are aging, with key components reaching the end of their service life. In September 2008, the Department of Defense (DOD) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) began a study of military requirements and design options for extending the B61 bomb's service life. The B61 is used to s... | [
"Most modern nuclear weapons consist of three sets of components—a primary, a secondary, and a set of nonnuclear components enclosed in a case. When detonated, the primary and secondary components, which together are referred to as the weapon’s “nuclear explosive package,” produce the weapon’s explosive force, or “... |
train_8667 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) created a prescription drug benefit for beneficiaries, called Medicare Part D, beginning in January 2006. The MMA resulted in options for sponsors of employment-based prescription drug benefits, such as a federal subsidy payment--the retir... | [
"For retirees aged 65 and older, Medicare is typically the primary source of health insurance coverage. Medicare covers nearly 43 million beneficiaries. The program covers hospital care as well as physician office visits and outpatient services and, effective January 1, 2006, prescription drugs. Medicare beneficiar... |
train_8668 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the Immigration and Naturalization Service's (INS) efforts to initiate and complete removal proceedings for criminal aliens in state and federal prisons through its Institutional Hearing Program (IHP). GAO noted that: (1) the IHP is a cooperative program involving the ... | [
"As was the case when we reported to this Subcommittee in July 1997, we again found that INS had not identified all potentially deportable imprisoned criminal aliens. As a result, INS did not fully comply with the legal requirements that it (1) place criminal aliens who had committed aggravated felonies in removal ... |
train_8669 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | As seen again in Iraq, the excellence of our military forces is unparalleled. This same level of excellence is not yet evident in the Department of Defense's (DOD) financial management and other business areas, impeding DOD's ability to provide complete, reliable, and timely information to the Congress, DOD managers, a... | [
"DOD continues to confront pervasive, decades-old financial management problems related to its systems, processes (including internal controls), and people (human capital). These problems have (1) resulted in a lack of reliable information needed to make sound decisions and report the status of DOD’s activities thr... |
train_8670 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In fiscal year 2015, SNAP, the nation's largest nutrition support program, provided about 46 million people with $70 billion in benefits. Fraud has been a long-standing concern in the program, and state agencies are responsible for addressing SNAP recipient fraud. In 2014, GAO reviewed state and federal efforts to comb... | [
"The goal of SNAP, formerly known as the federal Food Stamp Program, is to help low-income individuals and households obtain a more nutritious diet and help alleviate their hunger. It does so by supplementing their income with benefits to purchase allowable food items. The federal government pays the full cost of t... |
train_8671 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Securing commercial aviation operations remains a daunting task, with hundreds of airports, thousands of aircraft, and thousands of flights daily carrying millions of passengers and pieces of carry-on and checked baggage. The attempted terrorist bombing of Northwest flight 253 on December 25, 2009, and the October 2010... | [
"The Aviation and Transportation Security Act established TSA as the federal agency with primary responsibility for securing the nation’s civil aviation system, which includes the screening of all passenger and property transported by commercial passenger aircraft. At the more than 450 TSA-regulated airports in the... |
train_8672 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO examined federal efforts to improve railroad crossing safety, focusing on: (1) the progress made in reducing railroad crossing accidents and fatalities; (2) federal and state strategies that have the potential for reducing railroad crossing accidents and fatalities; and (3) the ... | [
"Almost half of all rail-related deaths in the United States are the result of collisions of trains and vehicles at railroad crossings. In 1993, these collisions killed 517 people and injured 1,677 at public railroad crossings. Many of the deaths should have been avoided, since nearly one-half of all railroad cross... |
train_8673 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Long-standing problems with excess and underutilized real property, deteriorating facilities, unreliable real property data, and costly space challenges are shared by several agencies. These factors have multibillion-dollar cost implications and can seriously jeopardize agencies' missions. Federal agencies face many ch... | [
"The federal real property environment has many stakeholders and involves a vast and diverse portfolio of assets that are used for a wide variety of missions. Real property is generally defined as facilities; land; and anything constructed on, growing on, or attached to land. The U.S. government’s fiscal year 2002 ... |
train_8674 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report responds to a statement in the Conference Report on the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) fiscal year 2004 appropriations directing GAO to study SEC's allocation of its increased funding for fiscal years 2003 and 2004. Historically, SEC has faced high staff turnover rates, long stretches of unfille... | [
"Created by Congress in 1934, SEC’s primary mission is to protect investors; maintain fair, honest, and efficient securities markets; and facilitate capital formation. To fund its operations, SEC collects fees that are deposited into a special SEC appropriations account to be used as offsetting collections. These f... |
train_8675 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic was the first human pandemic in over four decades, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that there were as many as 89 million U.S. cases. Over $6 billion was available for the response, led by the Departments of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Homeland S... | [
"The emergence of H5N1 avian influenza (also known as avian influenza or bird flu) in Asia in 2003 raised concerns among experts that it or another influenza virus might significantly mutate, resulting in a human influenza pandemic. This led to the development of the national pandemic strategy and national pandemic... |
train_8676 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Defense (DOD) uses employee benefits--that is, indirect compensation above and beyond a service member's basic pay--as a tool to recruit and retain personnel. DOD has instituted a number of benefits that reflect demographic changes in the active duty force since the draft ended and the military became... | [
"The basic goals of the military’s compensation system are to attract, retain, and motivate the number and quality of people needed to maintain national security. In fiscal year 2002, Congress appropriated more than $100 billion in compensation for military personnel. DOD is the single largest employer and trainer ... |
train_8677 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reported on whether best supplier practices can benefit Department of Defense (DOD) weapons systems programs, focusing on: (1) best commercial practices for establishing, managing, and sustaining excellent supplier relationships; and (2) a comparison of these practices with thos... | [
"The Department of Defense (DOD) continues to state a need to more quickly modernize weapons for the armed forces. It has a budget of over $40 billion for fiscal year 1998 to acquire and upgrade weapons and may not receive substantially more than that in future years unless savings materialize in other budget areas... |
train_8678 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | State has been in the process of looking for a site suitable for its DS training facility for more than a decade. In 2011, State and GSA identified Fort Pickett as the preferred site for FASTC and began to develop plans to consolidate DS training there. In 2013, OMB directed State to work with the Department of Homelan... | [
"DS currently provides training in hard skills to a diverse student population. DS provides security familiarization training for Foreign Service and other civilian personnel and their families. It also provides advanced courses for DS agents, such as the High Threat Operations Course, an intensive 10-week course d... |
train_8679 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | GAO discussed the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) use of non-time-critical removals for hazardous waste cleanups, focusing on: (1) the advantages and disadvantages of non-time-critical removals; (2) the potential use of non-time-critical removals in Superfund cleanups; and (3) factors that inhibit the use of no... | [
"The Congress passed the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in 1980 to clean up hazardous waste sites. The act gives EPA the authority to compel the parties responsible for these sites to clean them up. The act also created a $1.6 billion trust fund, known as Superfund, f... |
train_8680 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act established the EHR programs, which provide incentive payments for—and later are expected to apply penalties to—certain providers, such as hospitals and professionals, to encourage them to demonstrate meaningful use of certified EHR technol... | [
"Through use of incentive payments and penalties, the EHR programs are intended to help address the significant barriers to the adoption and use of EHRs, such as cost, and the technical challenges associated with their use. Beginning in 2011, the first year of the Medicare and Medicaid EHR programs, the programs ha... |
train_8681 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The General Services Administration (GSA) has responsibility for more than 8,000 owned and leased buildings nationwide, together encompassing about 338 million square feet of space. Understanding construction and operating costs for these buildings is important, as the increased federal budget deficit has led to intens... | [
"In managing the costs of constructing, leasing, and operating federal buildings, GSA has faced pressures in a number of areas in recent years. Many factors driving costs, such as security requirements, have tended to increase costs for construction, leasing, and operations. In addition, budget scorekeeping require... |
train_8682 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) plans to procure the next generation of geostationary operational environmental satellites, called the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites-R series (GOES-R). This new series is considered critical to the United States' ability to maintain the con... | [
"Since the 1960s, geostationary and polar-orbiting environmental satellites have been used by the United States to provide meteorological data for weather observation, research, and forecasting. NOAA’s National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) is responsible for managing the civilian ge... |
train_8683 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Overreliance on costly leasing is one reason that federal real property has remained on GAO's High-Risk List. More than half of the leases in GSA's portfolio will expire in the next 5 years. When leases expire before a long-term solution can be finalized, GSA may pursue short-term extensions, or if GSA and a private le... | [
"GSA’s Public Buildings Service (PBS) manages real property for many federal agencies and has a large portfolio of federally owned and leased properties. This portfolio includes office buildings, courthouses, land ports of entry, warehouses, laboratories, childcare facilities, and parking structures. As of fiscal y... |
train_8684 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | GAO provided information on U.S. efforts to combat international money laundering, focusing on: (1) U.S. money-laundering controls; (2) how U.S. law enforcement agencies coordinate their anti-money-laundering activities with European officials; and (3) U.S. participation in international money-laundering agreements. GA... | [
"Federal law enforcement officials estimate that between $100 billion and $300 billion in U.S. currency is “laundered” each year. The U.S. approach to money-laundering prevention and detection includes criminal enforcement and civil regulatory efforts. Numerous U.S. agencies play a role in combating money launderin... |
train_8685 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Physical activity is a crucial part of preventing or reducing childhood obesity, and may also yield important academic and social benefits. However, many children do not attain the level of daily physical activity recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Schools are uniquely positioned to pr... | [
"According to CDC, approximately 12.5 million children aged 2 to 19 years are obese. The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has nearly tripled since 1980. Childhood obesity can cause a number of harmful effects on health, including high blood pressure and cholesterol, breathing problems and asthma... |
train_8686 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food Stamp Program is intended to help low-income individuals and families obtain a better diet by supplementing their income with benefits to purchase food. USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) and the states jointly implement the Food Stamp Program, which is to be reauth... | [
"The federal Food Stamp Program is intended to help low-income individuals and families obtain a more nutritious diet by supplementing their income with benefits to purchase nutritious food such as meat, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables, but not items such as soap, tobacco, or alcohol. The Food and Nutrition ... |
train_8687 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | About 3,000 public housing authorities--state, county, and municipal agencies--develop and manage low-income housing in cooperation with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Since 1979, 15 housing authorities have been placed in the hands of receivers' outside parties designated to manage the authorit... | [
"Under the Housing Act of 1937, as amended, Congress created the federal public housing program to help communities provide housing for low- income families. Congress annually appropriates funds for the program and HUD allocates them to public housing authorities (PHA). PHAs are typically created under state law, a... |
train_8688 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The nation relies on a pipeline network of more than 2.6 million miles to transport hazardous liquids and natural gas. This network includes gathering pipelines that transport products to processing facilities and transmission pipelines that transport products from processing facilities to users (see figure). Pipeline ... | [
"Pipelines transport roughly two-thirds of domestic energy supplies through over 2.6 million miles of pipelines across the United States. These pipelines carry hazardous liquids and natural gas from producing wells to end users, such as businesses and homes. Within this nationwide system, there are three main types... |
train_8689 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under federal regulations, 401(k) participants may tap into their accrued retirement savings before retirement under certain circumstances, including hardship. This "leakage" from 401(k) accounts can result in a permanent loss of retirement savings. GAO was asked to analyze (1) the incidence, amount, and relative signi... | [
"Private-sector pension plans are classified either as defined benefit or as defined contribution plans. Defined benefit plans generally offer a fixed level of monthly retirement income based upon a participant’s salary, years of service, and age at retirement, regardless of how the plan’s investments perform. In c... |
train_8690 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which is responsible for ensuring the safety of most of the U.S. food supply, is not required to review substances, such as spices and preservatives, added to food that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for their intended use. Currently, companies may determine a substance ... | [
"In 1958, Congress amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to state that food bearing or containing any unsafe food additive shall be deemed adulterated and that a food additive is considered unsafe unless, among other things, it and its use conform to a regulation prescribing the conditions of its safe us... |
train_8691 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since 2001, the U. S. airline industry has confronted financial losses of previously unseen proportions. From 2001 through 2003, the industry reported losses of about $23 billion, and two of the nation's largest airlines went into bankruptcy. Since September 11, 2001, the U.S. government has provided struggling airline... | [
"A series of significant changes and unforeseen events during the last several years has presented the airline industry with its most significant challenges since it was deregulated 25 years ago. These challenges have come from within the industry as well as from external factors affecting the demand for air travel... |
train_8692 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The informal and formal networks used by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the military services to exchange critical aviation safety information have proven useful. However, because recent and expected retirements threaten to erode informal networks, additional formal channels of communication are needed t... | [
"FAA, an agency located within DOT is responsible for regulating and promoting the safety of civil aviation. The Coast Guard is part of DOT, except when operating as a service in the Navy during time of declared war or when the president otherwise directs; however, the Coast Guard follows its own rules for aviation... |
train_8693 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed Medicare Choice program payment issues, focusing on: (1) whether program spending for Medicare Choice plan enrollees has exceeded what Medicare-covered care for these beneficiaries would have cost in the fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare program; and (2) the extent to whic... | [
"Inherent in Medicare’s FFS program is an incentive for providers to deliver more services than necessary because each additional service generates additional provider revenue. Policymakers have therefore looked to managed care plans to curb unnecessary spending. Plans have a financial incentive to provide care eff... |
train_8694 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) requires recipients to report, among other things, project descriptions on Recovery.gov, the federal Recovery Act Web site. Within the Department of Homeland Security, the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Grant Programs Directorate administer... | [
"The Recovery Act Port Security Grant Program (PSGP) is based on the existing PSGP, which was first established under the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (MTSA). Since 2007, FEMA has been operating the PSGP to provide grant funding to port areas for the protection of critical port infrastructure from t... |
train_8695 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | ONDCP is responsible for coordinating implementation of drug control policy across the federal government to address illicit drug use. ONDCP developed the 2010 Strategy, which sets forth a 5-year plan to reduce illicit drug use through programs intended to prevent or treat drug abuse or reduce the availability of drugs... | [
"ONDCP was established by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 to, among other things, enhance national drug control planning and coordination and represent the drug policies of the executive branch before Congress. In this role, the office is responsible for (1) developing a national drug control policy, (2) developing... |
train_8696 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami raised questions about U.S. preparedness for such an event. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) leads U.S. detection and warning efforts and partners with federal and state agencies in the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) to reduce tsunami risks. In... | [
"Tsunamis are typically generated by underwater earthquakes—landslides, volcanic activity, and meteor strikes are other known, but less common, tsunami sources. Tsunami generating earthquakes usually occur in subduction zones, such as those found in the Pacific Ocean off the U.S. western and Alaskan coasts, as well... |
train_8697 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Earthquakes pose a significant threat to people and infrastructure because of their capacity to cause catastrophic casualties, property damage, and economic disruption. According to the USGS, 16 states have a relatively high likelihood of experiencing damaging ground shaking in the next 50 years, and nearly half of all... | [
"According to the USGS, a large portion of the United States’ population lives in areas vulnerable to earthquake shaking hazards that are sources of potential harm or loss during earthquakes. The effect of an earthquake can be described by its intensity. The intensity scale used in the United States is the Modified... |
train_8698 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on whether the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Information System (RCRIS) is meeting its primary objectives and its effect on implementation of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). GAO found that: (1) ... | [
"Congress enacted RCRA to protect human health and the environment and to conserve energy and material resources. In implementing RCRA, EPA is responsible for developing federal hazardous waste management and disposal requirements and for ensuring compliance with these requirements. Two offices within EPA share res... |
train_8699 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although recycling can generate environmental and economic benefits, the national recycling rate has increased only slightly since 2000, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). While local governments have the primary role in operating recycling programs, EPA and the Department of Commerce (Commerce) ha... | [
"Several states have laws to encourage recycling. For example, 11 states currently encourage the recycling of beverage containers through deposit laws, or bottle bills—California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, and Vermont. Most of these states impose 5-cent d... |
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