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5,500 | The next generation of SNP annotation webservers can take advantage of the growing amount of data in core bioinformatics resources and use intelligent agents to fetch data from different sources as needed. From a user’s point of view, it is more efficient to submit a set of SNPs and receive results in a single step, wh... | SNP annotation | 0.825937 |
5,501 | Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play an important role in genome wide association studies because they act as primary biomarkers. SNPs are currently the marker of choice due to their large numbers in virtually all populations of individuals. The location of these biomarkers can be tremendously important in terms... | SNP annotation | 0.825937 |
5,502 | Non-synonymous is the variant in exons that change the amino acid sequence encoded by the gene, including single base changes and non frameshift indels. It has been extremely investigated the function of non-synonymous variants on protein and many algorithms have been developed to predict the deleteriousness and pathog... | SNP annotation | 0.825937 |
5,503 | Engineering physics, or engineering science, refers to the study of the combined disciplines of physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, and engineering, particularly computer, nuclear, electrical, electronic, aerospace, materials or mechanical engineering. By focusing on the scientific method as a rigorous basis, it ... | Engineering science | 0.825931 |
5,504 | 38. https://ughb.stanford.edu/degree-programs/major-programs/engineering-physics-program | Engineering science | 0.825931 |
5,505 | {\displaystyle U=-{\frac {3GM^{2}}{5R}}.} According to the Virial Theorem, the total energy for gravitationally bound systems in equilibrium is one half of the time-averaged potential energy, U r = | ⟨ U ⟩ | 2 = 3 G M 2 10 R . | Kelvin–Helmholtz luminosity | 0.825902 |
5,506 | The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and apatite are also sources of calcium. The name derives from Latin calx "lime", which was obtained from heating limestone. Some calcium compounds were known to... | Calcium | 0.825894 |
5,507 | In the absence of steric hindrance, smaller group 2 cations tend to form stronger complexes, but when large polydentate macrocycles are involved the trend is reversed.Although calcium is in the same group as magnesium and organomagnesium compounds are very commonly used throughout chemistry, organocalcium compounds are... | Calcium | 0.825893 |
5,508 | Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) are particularly abundant minerals. Like strontium and barium, as well as the alkali metals and the divalent lanthanides europium and ytterbium, calcium metal dissolves directly in liquid ammonia to give a dark blue solution.Due to the large size of the calcium ion ... | Calcium | 0.825893 |
5,509 | The chemistry of calcium is that of a typical heavy alkaline earth metal. For example, calcium spontaneously reacts with water more quickly than magnesium and less quickly than strontium to produce calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. It also reacts with the oxygen and nitrogen in the air to form a mixture of calcium ox... | Calcium | 0.825893 |
5,510 | A free computational phylogenetics package of programs for inferring evolutionary trees (phylogenies). One such example tree created by PHILYP, called a "drawgram", generates rooted trees. This image shown in the figure below shows the evolution of phylogenetic trees over time. | Phylogenetic analysis | 0.825878 |
5,511 | cit.) 1969 dynamic and successive weighting, James Farris Wagner parsimony, Kluge and Farris CI (consistency index), Kluge and Farris introduction of pairwise compatibility for clique analysis, Le Quesne 1970, Wagner parsimony generalized by Farris 1971 first successful application of ML (maximum likelihood) to phyloge... | Phylogenetic analysis | 0.825878 |
5,512 | 1952, William Wagner's ground plan divergence method 1953, "cladogenesis" coined 1960, "cladistic" coined by Cain and Harrison 1963, first attempt to use ML (maximum likelihood) for phylogenetics, Edwards and Cavalli-Sforza 1965 Camin-Sokal parsimony, first parsimony (optimization) criterion and first computer program/... | Phylogenetic analysis | 0.825878 |
5,513 | 1912, ML (maximum likelihood recommended, analyzed, and popularized by Ronald Fisher, precursor concept. Fisher is one of the main contributors to the early 20th-century revival of Darwinism, and has been called the "greatest of Darwin's successors" for his contributions to the revision of the theory of evolution and h... | Phylogenetic analysis | 0.825878 |
5,514 | Bayesian probability began a resurgence in the 1950's, allowing scientists in the computing field to pair traditional Bayesian statistics with other more modern techniques. It is now used as a blanket term for several related interpretations of probability as an amount of epistemic confidence. 18th century, Pierre Simo... | Phylogenetic analysis | 0.825878 |
5,515 | Taxonomy is the identification, naming, and classification of organisms. Compared to systemization, classification emphasizes whether a species has characteristics of a taxonomic group. The Linnaean classification system developed in the 1700s by Carolus Linnaeus is the foundation for modern classification methods. Lin... | Phylogenetic analysis | 0.825878 |
5,516 | The modern concept of phylogenetics evolved primarily as a disproof of a previously widely accepted theory. During the late 19th century, Ernst Haeckel's recapitulation theory, or "biogenetic fundamental law", was widely accepted. It was often expressed as "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", i.e. the development of a s... | Phylogenetic analysis | 0.825878 |
5,517 | In research or diagnosis DNA amplification can be conducted through methods such as: Polymerase chain reaction, an easy, cheap, and reliable way to repeatedly replicate a focused segment of DNA by polymerizing nucleotides, a concept which is applicable to numerous fields in modern biology and related sciences. Ligase c... | DNA amplification | 0.825875 |
5,518 | ubiquitous computing A scenario where computer science is made to appear everywhere. ultrasonic motor A motor that relies on a component oscillating at an ultrasonic frequency. ultrasonics Term for the field of study pertaining to pressure oscillations in air or other media that are above the range of human hearing. ul... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,519 | Tellegen's theoremA theorem relating to branch currents in an electrical network. teslaThe SI unit of magnetic flux density. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,520 | renewable energy policyGovernment plans to displace fossil fuels with renewable sources. repeating coilAn old name for a transformer, especially used in telephone circuits. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,521 | remote sensingAcquisition of measurements of an object without contact, for example, measuring soil moisture by radar from an aircraft. renewable electricityElectric power derived from primary energy sources that replenish on a rapid scale or that are not appreciably diminished by human exploitation. renewable energy p... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,522 | rechargeable batteryA secondary battery; a battery that can have a useful portion of its capacity restored by connection to a supply of electric current. reciprocity (electrical networks)A theorem that states that the current injected into one point in a network will produce a voltage at a second point that is identica... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,523 | radar cross sectionThe effective reflecting area of a radar target, which varies with frequency, geometry, and surface composition. radarRadio Detection and Ranging, the techniques for observing the speed and position of objects by reflected radio waves. radio frequencyElectromagnetic waves with frequencies less than t... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,524 | power electronicsThe class of electronic devices handling power greater than a watt. power engineeringThat part of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, distribution and consumption of electrical power. power-factor correctionApparatus intended to bring the power factor of some load closer to 1. power ... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,525 | network protectorA type of circuit breaker used to isolate a fault from a multi-transformer supply network. neural networksA network of individual logic elements in multiple layers that emulates some of the behavior of a biological nervous system; a technique in artificial intelligence. nodal analysisA technique for an... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,526 | j operatorElectrical engineering uses "j" to represent the imaginary unit "i", to prevent confusion with the symbol for current. j × j = − 1 {\displaystyle j\times j=-1} . Jedlik's dynamoAn early form of electric generator using electromagnets. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,527 | dynamic braking A braking system that extracts energy from a moving system to bring it to rest; a dynamic braking system generally is not used to hold a position of a stationary object. dynamic demand A technique for load management on an electrical grid based on frequency measurement. dynamic programming A technique f... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,528 | bang-bang control A controller that switches a final element on or off instead of providing a proportional response. Barlow's wheel A demonstration of electromagnetic principles. Bartlett's bisection theorem A mathematical theorem used in network analysis. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,529 | This glossary of electrical and electronics engineering is a list of definitions of terms and concepts related specifically to electrical engineering and electronics engineering. For terms related to engineering in general, see Glossary of engineering. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,530 | electrochemical engineering The profession of application of electrochemistry to practical problems. electrodes An electrical contact that connects some medium to an electric circuit, such as in an electrochemical cell or a vacuum tube. electro-diesel locomotive A railway locomotive with a diesel engine, generator, and... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,531 | electrical discharge machining (EDM) Shaping of a work place by small sparks. electrical element In circuit theory, a node at which some electrical property is concentrated (resistance, etc.). electrical engineering The profession of applying electricity to practical problems. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,532 | time-invariant systemA systems whose characteristics don't vary significantly with time. topologyThe shape of an electrical network, independent of its size or values. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,533 | thermostatA temperature sensing switch. Thévenin theoremA theorem which states that any network of current sources, voltage sources and resistors can be simplified to an equivalent network with only a voltage source and series impedance; the dual of Norton's Theorem. third railAn energized conductor in the track bed, u... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,534 | telegraphA system for transmitting text messages, by wire or other means. telegrapher's equationsCoupled linear partial differential equations that relate the voltage and current on a transmission line. telephone balance unitA balun, a transformer used to convert between balanced and unbalanced lines, as used in teleph... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,535 | roboticsThe field of automation that deals with manipulators, especially those that mimic human appendages. robust controlA static control algorithm that can produce acceptable performance over an anticipated useful range of process disturbances. Rogowski coilA current sensing coil that produces a voltage proportional ... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,536 | optical fiber A glass or plastic fiber used to convey signals transmitted by visible light or infrared radiation. optimal control The branch of control theory studying optimization of a control system to fit some optimization criterion. oscillation A periodic cyclical motion or disturbance. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,537 | NuvistorA type of miniature vacuum tube, developed around the same time transistors became common in consumer electronics. Nyquist frequencyThe maximum frequency that a sampling system can represent accurately. Nyquist stability criterionA graphical technique for evaluating stability of a feedback system. Nyquist–Shann... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,538 | Norton's theoremA theorem which states that any network of current sources, voltage sources, and resistors can be simplified to an equivalent network with only a current source and shunt admittance; the dual of Thevenin's theorem. notch filterA filter with a narrow reject band, used to block, for example, a pilot tone ... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,539 | noisy-channel coding theoremA theorem that establishes the limits of the error-free data transmission in a noisy communication channel nominal impedanceThe rated impedance of an element of a circuit. nonlinear controlThe class of control problems relating to the control of systems that are nonlinear. nonodeAny electron... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,540 | nameplate capacityThe design power output of a generator, at specified temperature rise. nanoinverterGrid tied inverters rated less than 100 watts, useful for connection of single solar PV panels to a building AC power system. nanotechnologyTechnology that uses devices whose principal dimensions are of the order of a f... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,541 | microwave Part of the radio spectrum with wavelengths shorter than 10 centimetres. Millman's theorem A theorem stating the relation between branch currents and voltages for multiple sources in parallel. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,542 | mesh networking A topology where infrastructure nodes connect to other nodes such as to convey information. Metadyne A DC electric machine with crossed fields and two sets of brushes, used as an amplifier or rotary DC transformer. metal rectifier A rectifier made from copper oxide or selenium; formerly widely used befo... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,543 | machine learning The set of artificial intelligence techniques for systems that can follow examples to solve new problems. magnet wire The class of wire manufactured for winding electromagnetic coils such as in motors or transformers. magnetic blowout A component of a switching device that uses a magnetic field to assi... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,544 | Bode plot A plot of the amplitude and phase frequency response of a system, where the actual response is approximated by straight line segments. Boolean algebra (logic) A type of algebra that deals with values that can only hold values "true" and "false", of great use in design and analysis of digital systems. boost co... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,545 | insulator A substance that does not permit easy flow of electric current; a fitting intended to support a conductor. integrated circuit An interconnected array of electronic devices, factory assembled on a single substrate. intelligent controlThe application of artificial intelligence techniques to process control. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,546 | heat transfer The study of the flow of heat energy; heat transfer concerns dictate major design features of most electrical and electronic systems. heatsink A structure intended to dissipate heat from an active device into the ambient environment. Heaviside step function A mathematical unit step function useful in the ... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,547 | H infinity An optimization strategy for certain classes of control problems. Hall effect sensor A device that detects and measures magnetic field by the Hall effect voltage induced in a current-carrying semiconductor. harmonic distortion An effect of a non-linear signal path that introduces frequencies that are integer... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,548 | electrodynamics The branch of physics that studies electrical charges and electrical currents. electrolyte A liquid or solid medium that carries electric current in the form of ions. electromagnet A magnet that generates a magnetic field from an electric current. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,549 | armature That part of an electrical machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy (or vice versa). artificial intelligence A computer system that replicates some feature of human intelligence. artificial neural networks An electrical network that mimics the function of a biological nervous system. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,550 | superconductivityThe loss of all electrical resistance at inconveniently low temperatures. superheterodyne receiverA radio receiver that changes incoming frequencies to a fixed intermediate frequency for processing. superposition theoremThe useful property of a system where the response to the sum is the sum of the res... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,551 | stereophonic soundSound reproduction systems intended to reproduce sound emanating from more than one direction. Stokes' theoremA theorem about integration of three-dimensional functions, much used in analysis of electric fields. storage tubeA type of cathode ray tube, used for storing images or data. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,552 | solid state physicsThat branch of physics that studies arrangements of atoms in fixed arrays. sound recordingThe technology of recording sound for later reproduction. space vector modulationA control strategy for variable frequency motor drives. | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,553 | Smith chartA graphical tool for display of the impedance of devices at varying frequencies, and for solution of problems of impedance matching in radio frequency design. software engineeringThe profession of designing software systems to meet specified performance requirements. softwareThe set of instructions and data ... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,554 | Ladder network A string of many, often equally dimensioned, impedances connected between two reference voltages. LAN Local Area Network, an interconnection of computers over a building or small campus. Laplace transform A mathematical operation for solution of differential equations by transforming them to the s domain... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,555 | Kalman filter An algorithm for estimating an unknown value from a series of approximate measurements. Kelvin–Stokes theorem A theorem in calculus, useful in analytic solutions of problems in electromagnetism. Kilovolt-ampere A unit of apparent power. Kirchhoff's circuit laws The observation that the sum of the currents... | Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering | 0.825871 |
5,556 | For example, the class of groups, in the signature consisting of the binary function symbol × and the constant symbol 1, is an elementary class, but it is not a variety. Universal algebra solves this problem by adding a unary function symbol −1. | Structure (model theory) | 0.825869 |
5,557 | Both universal algebra and model theory study classes of (structures or) algebras that are defined by a signature and a set of axioms. In the case of model theory these axioms have the form of first-order sentences. The formalism of universal algebra is much more restrictive; essentially it only allows first-order sent... | Structure (model theory) | 0.825869 |
5,558 | Recall from above that an n {\displaystyle n} -ary relation R {\displaystyle R} on the universe M {\displaystyle M} of M {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}} is explicitly definable if there is a formula φ ( x 1 , … , x n ) {\displaystyle \varphi (x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n})} such that Here the formula φ {\displaystyle \varphi } us... | Structure (model theory) | 0.825869 |
5,559 | Similarly, in a ring a congruence is determined if we know the ideal which is the congruence class containing the zero. In semigroups there is no such fortunate occurrence, and we are therefore faced with the necessity of studying congruences as such. More than anything else, it is this necessity that gives semigroup t... | Congruence relation | 0.825862 |
5,560 | The function that maps every element of A to its equivalence class is a homomorphism, and the kernel of this homomorphism is ~. The lattice Con(A) of all congruence relations on an algebra A is algebraic. John M. Howie described how semigroup theory illustrates congruence relations in universal algebra: In a group a co... | Congruence relation | 0.825862 |
5,561 | The general notion of a congruence is particularly useful in universal algebra. An equivalent formulation in this context is the following:A congruence relation on an algebra A is a subset of the direct product A × A that is both an equivalence relation on A and a subalgebra of A × A. The kernel of a homomorphism is al... | Congruence relation | 0.825862 |
5,562 | If f: A → B {\displaystyle f:A\,\rightarrow B} is a homomorphism between two algebraic structures (such as homomorphism of groups, or a linear map between vector spaces), then the relation R {\displaystyle R} defined by a 1 R a 2 {\displaystyle a_{1}\,R\,a_{2}} if and only if f ( a 1 ) = f ( a 2 ) {\displaystyle f(a_{1... | Congruence relation | 0.825862 |
5,563 | For example, a group is an algebraic object consisting of a set together with a single binary operation, satisfying certain axioms. If G {\displaystyle G} is a group with operation ∗ {\displaystyle \ast } , a congruence relation on G {\displaystyle G} is an equivalence relation ≡ {\displaystyle \equiv } on the elements... | Congruence relation | 0.825862 |
5,564 | The definition of a congruence depends on the type of algebraic structure under consideration. Particular definitions of congruence can be made for groups, rings, vector spaces, modules, semigroups, lattices, and so forth. The common theme is that a congruence is an equivalence relation on an algebraic object that is c... | Congruence relation | 0.825862 |
5,565 | When the measurement is converted to a signal that is sent back to the controller, and the controller compensates for any error, it becomes a Closed loop System. Typically the position or velocity of machines are controlled using some type of device such as a hydraulic pump, linear actuator, or electric motor, generall... | Motion control | 0.825859 |
5,566 | Motion control is a sub-field of automation, encompassing the systems or sub-systems involved in moving parts of machines in a controlled manner. Motion control systems are extensively used in a variety of fields for automation purposes, including precision engineering, micromanufacturing, biotechnology, and nanotechno... | Motion control | 0.825859 |
5,567 | The first incompleteness theorem states that no consistent system of axioms whose theorems can be listed by an "effective procedure" (e.g., a computer program, but it could be any sort of algorithm) is capable of proving all truths about the relations of the natural numbers (arithmetic). For any such system, there will... | Metamathematics | 0.825857 |
5,568 | Gödel's incompleteness theorems are two theorems of mathematical logic that establish inherent limitations of all but the most trivial axiomatic systems capable of doing arithmetic. The theorems, proven by Kurt Gödel in 1931, are important both in mathematical logic and in the philosophy of mathematics. The two results... | Metamathematics | 0.825857 |
5,569 | Begriffsschrift (German for, roughly, "concept-script") is a book on logic by Gottlob Frege, published in 1879, and the formal system set out in that book. Begriffsschrift is usually translated as concept writing or concept notation; the full title of the book identifies it as "a formula language, modeled on that of ar... | Metamathematics | 0.825857 |
5,570 | The discovery of hyperbolic geometry had important philosophical consequences for metamathematics. Before its discovery there was just one geometry and mathematics; the idea that another geometry existed was considered improbable. When Gauss discovered hyperbolic geometry, it is said that he did not publish anything ab... | Metamathematics | 0.825857 |
5,571 | The Entscheidungsproblem (German for 'decision problem') is a challenge posed by David Hilbert in 1928. The Entscheidungsproblem asks for an algorithm that takes as input a statement of a first-order logic (possibly with a finite number of axioms beyond the usual axioms of first-order logic) and answers "Yes" or "No" a... | Metamathematics | 0.825857 |
5,572 | In his hands, it meant something akin to contemporary proof theory, in which finitary methods are used to study various axiomatized mathematical theorems (Kleene 1952, p. 55). Other prominent figures in the field include Bertrand Russell, Thoralf Skolem, Emil Post, Alonzo Church, Alan Turing, Stephen Kleene, Willard Qu... | Metamathematics | 0.825857 |
5,573 | Principia Mathematica, or "PM" as it is often abbreviated, was an attempt to describe a set of axioms and inference rules in symbolic logic from which all mathematical truths could in principle be proven. As such, this ambitious project is of great importance in the history of mathematics and philosophy, being one of t... | Metamathematics | 0.825857 |
5,574 | Metamathematical metatheorems about mathematics itself were originally differentiated from ordinary mathematical theorems in the 19th century to focus on what was then called the foundational crisis of mathematics. Richard's paradox (Richard 1905) concerning certain 'definitions' of real numbers in the English language... | Metamathematics | 0.825857 |
5,575 | The term originates from germ plasm, August Weismann's theory that heritable information is transmitted only by germ cells, and which has been superseded by modern insights on inheritance, including epigenetics and non-nuclear DNA. After the Second World War, efforts to conserve plant genetic resources came mainly from... | Plant Genetic Resources | 0.825856 |
5,576 | The square root of 2 is algebraic over Q, since it is the root of the polynomial g(x) = x2 − 2 whose coefficients are rational. Pi is transcendental over Q but algebraic over the field of real numbers R: it is the root of g(x) = x − π, whose coefficients (1 and −π) are both real, but not of any polynomial with only rat... | Algebraic element | 0.825846 |
5,577 | In mathematics, if L is a field extension of K, then an element a of L is called an algebraic element over K, or just algebraic over K, if there exists some non-zero polynomial g(x) with coefficients in K such that g(a) = 0. Elements of L which are not algebraic over K are called transcendental over K. These notions ge... | Algebraic element | 0.825846 |
5,578 | Similarly, the projective line over k is a one-dimensional space. In particular, if k = C {\displaystyle k=\mathbb {C} } , the complex numbers, then the complex projective line P 1 ( C ) {\displaystyle P^{1}(\mathbb {C} )} is one-dimensional with respect to C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } , even though it is also known ... | One-dimensional space | 0.825841 |
5,579 | In physics and mathematics, a sequence of n numbers can specify a location in n-dimensional space. When n = 1, the set of all such locations is called a one-dimensional space. An example of a one-dimensional space is the number line, where the position of each point on it can be described by a single number.In algebrai... | One-dimensional space | 0.825841 |
5,580 | The concepts of degrees, minutes, and seconds—as they relate to the measure of both angles and time—derive from Babylonian astronomy and time-keeping. Influenced by the Sumerians, the ancient Babylonians divided the Sun's perceived motion across the sky over the course of one full day into 360 degrees. Each degree was ... | Minute of Angle | 0.825834 |
5,581 | 13,388 structures in the PDB have a 3DEM map file deposited in EM Data BankMost structures are determined by X-ray diffraction, but about 7% of structures are determined by protein NMR. When using X-ray diffraction, approximations of the coordinates of the atoms of the protein are obtained, whereas using NMR, the dista... | Protein Segment Finder | 0.825831 |
5,582 | The Division helps to organize symposia at the international meeting called Pacifichem and it organizes the biennial National Organic Chemistry Symposium (NOS) which highlights recent advances in organic chemistry and hosts the Roger Adams Award address. The Division also organizes corporate sponsorships to provide fel... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,583 | The Organic Division played a part in establishing Organic Syntheses, Inc. and Organic Reactions, Inc. and it maintains close ties to both organizations. The Division's best known activities include organizing symposia (talks and poster sessions) at the biannual ACS National Meetings, for the purpose of recognizing pro... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,584 | In 2005, the ACS was criticized for opposing the creation of PubChem, which is an open access chemical database developed by the NIH's National Center for Biotechnology Information. The ACS raised concerns that the publicly supported PubChem database would duplicate and unfairly compete with their existing fee-based Ch... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,585 | Additional awards are offered by divisions, local sections and other bodies of ACS. The William H. Nichols Medal Award was the first ACS award to honor outstanding researchers in the field of chemistry. It was established in 1903 by the ACS New York Section and is named for William H. Nichols, an American chemist and b... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,586 | The ACS also approves certified undergraduate programs in chemistry. A student who completes the required laboratory and course work—sometimes in excess of what a particular college may require for its Bachelor's degree—is considered by the Society to be well trained for professional work.The ACS coordinates two annual... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,587 | ACS states that it offers teacher training to support the professional development of science teachers so they can better present chemistry in the classroom, foster the scientific curiosity of our nation's youth and encourage future generations to pursue scientific careers. As of 2009, Clifford and Kathryn Hach donated... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,588 | ACS first established technical divisions in 1908 to foster the exchange of information among scientists who work in particular fields of chemistry or professional interests. Divisional activities include organizing technical sessions at ACS meetings, publishing books and resources, administering awards and lectureship... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,589 | ACS Publications is the publishing division of the ACS. It is a nonprofit academic publisher of scientific journals covering various fields of chemistry and related sciences. As of 2021, ACS Publications published the following peer-reviewed journals: In addition to academic journals, ACS Publications also publishes Ch... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,590 | The Green Chemistry Institute (GCI) supports the "implementation of green chemistry and engineering throughout the global chemistry enterprise." The GCI organizes an annual conference, the Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference, provides research grants, administers awards, and provides information and support for ... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,591 | The American Chemical Society administers 64 national awards, medals and prizes based on scientific contributions at various career levels that promote achievement across the chemical sciences. The ACS national awards program began in 1922 with the establishment of the Priestley Medal, the highest award offered by the ... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,592 | The ACS has student chapters in virtually every major university in the United States and outside the United States as well. These student chapters mainly focus on volunteering opportunities, career development, and the discussion of student and faculty research. The organization also publishes textbooks, administers s... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,593 | Its publications division produces over 60 scholarly journals including the prestigious Journal of the American Chemical Society, as well as the weekly trade magazine Chemical & Engineering News. The ACS holds national meetings twice a year covering the complete field of chemistry and also holds smaller conferences con... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,594 | The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all degree levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, and relate... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,595 | The society received its charter of incorporation from the State of New York in 1877.Charles F. Chandler, a professor of chemistry at Columbia University who was instrumental in organizing the society said that such a body would "prove a powerful and healthy stimulus to original research, … would awaken and develop muc... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,596 | In 1874, a group of American chemists gathered at the Joseph Priestley House to mark the 100th anniversary of Priestley's discovery of oxygen. Although there was an American scientific society at that time (the American Association for the Advancement of Science, founded in 1848), the growth of chemistry in the U.S. pr... | American Chemical Society | 0.825826 |
5,597 | In statistics, econometrics and related fields, multidimensional analysis (MDA) is a data analysis process that groups data into two categories: data dimensions and measurements. For example, a data set consisting of the number of wins for a single football team at each of several years is a single-dimensional (in this... | Multidimensional analysis | 0.825825 |
5,598 | A large part of the focus on developing DFT is on improving the exchange and correlation terms. Though this method is less developed than post Hartree–Fock methods, its significantly lower computational requirements (scaling typically no worse than n3 with respect to n basis functions, for the pure functionals) allow i... | Quantum chemist | 0.825824 |
5,599 | A series of articles by Linus Pauling, written throughout the 1930s, integrated the work of Heitler, London, Sugiura, Wang, Lewis, and John C. Slater on the concept of valence and its quantum-mechanical basis into a new theoretical framework. Many chemists were introduced to the field of quantum chemistry by Pauling's ... | Quantum chemist | 0.825824 |
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