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80,400 | The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee after he left the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in October 1994. It was founded at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Laboratory for Computer Science with support from the European Commission, and the Defense Adv... | W3C Schema | 0.784981 |
80,401 | In physics, the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect is any of a variety of correlation and anti-correlation effects in the intensities received by two detectors from a beam of particles. HBT effects can generally be attributed to the wave–particle duality of the beam, and the results of a given experiment depend on wh... | Photon bunching | 0.784981 |
80,402 | Deliberations are key units of analysis in non-linear, knowledge work. They are 'choice points' that move knowledge work forward. As originated and defined by Cal Pava (1983) in a second-generation development of STS theory, deliberations are patterns of exchange and communication to reduce the equivocality of a proble... | Socio-technical systems | 0.784977 |
80,403 | "Technical" is a term used to refer to structure and a broader sense of technicalities. Sociotechnical refers to the interrelatedness of social and technical aspects of an organization or the society as a whole.Sociotechnical theory is about joint optimization, with a shared emphasis on achievement of both excellence i... | Socio-technical systems | 0.784977 |
80,404 | The corollary of this, and the second of the two main principles, is that optimization of each aspect alone (socio or technical) tends to increase not only the quantity of unpredictable, "un-designed" relationships, but those relationships that are injurious to the system's performance.Therefore, sociotechnical theory ... | Socio-technical systems | 0.784977 |
80,405 | Recent work on Artificial Intelligence considers large Sociotechnical Systems, such as social networks and online marketplaces, as agents whose behaviour can be purposeful and adaptive. The behaviour of recommender systems can therefore be analysed in the language and framework of sociotechnical systems, leading also t... | Socio-technical systems | 0.784977 |
80,406 | The Heisenberg Programme of the DFG is aimed at young outstanding scientists who meet all the requirements for appointment to a permanent professorship. The programme was named after the German physicist Werner Heisenberg, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics at the age of 31. The funding programme aims to enable sc... | German Research Foundation | 0.784977 |
80,407 | Set where a and b are functions of α that exhibit increments Δa and Δb, respectively, when α is increased by Δα. Then, A form of the mean value theorem, ∫ a b f ( x ) d x = ( b − a ) f ( ξ ) {\textstyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,dx=(b-a)f(\xi )} , where a < ξ < b, may be applied to the first and last integrals of the formula ... | Differentiation under the integral | 0.784975 |
80,408 | This is helped by both the modified Harvard architecture (reducing bus and cache contention) and the new pipeline stages. Exposing pipeline interlocks, enabling compiler optimizations to reduce blockage between stages.Additionally, some ARM9 cores incorporate "Enhanced DSP" instructions, such as a multiply-accumulate, ... | ARM 9 | 0.784974 |
80,409 | Integrated device manufacturers (IDM) receive the ARM Processor IP as synthesizable RTL (written in Verilog). In this form, they have the ability to perform architectural level optimizations and extensions. This allows the manufacturer to achieve custom design goals, such as higher clock speed, very low power consumpti... | ARM 9 | 0.784974 |
80,410 | Rare cell prevents rampant brain activity - on the discovery of potential dampening influence of Martinotti cells. NIF Search - Martinotti Cell via the Neuroscience Information Framework | Martinotti cell | 0.784974 |
80,411 | The standard was proposed by the Virtual Astronomy Multimedia Project, part of the IAU Commission 55 and the International Virtual Observatory Alliance. It reached version 1.1 on May 14, 2008. The standard is currently used to tag images from the Chandra X-ray Observatory, Herschel Space Observatory, Spitzer Space Tele... | Astronomy Visualization Metadata | 0.784974 |
80,412 | Astronomy Visualization Metadata (AVM) is a standard for tagging digital astronomical images stored in formats such as JPEG, GIF, PNG and TIFF. The AVM standard extends the concept of Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) headers to include useful astronomical information about the subject of the image as well as the tele... | Astronomy Visualization Metadata | 0.784974 |
80,413 | The Astronomy Visualization Metadata standard defines a taxonomy for astronomical objects. The main categories are: Planet Interplanetary Body Star Nebula Galaxy Cosmology Sky Phenomenon Technology People == References == | Astronomy Visualization Metadata | 0.784974 |
80,414 | In numerical linear algebra, the biconjugate gradient stabilized method, often abbreviated as BiCGSTAB, is an iterative method developed by H. A. van der Vorst for the numerical solution of nonsymmetric linear systems. It is a variant of the biconjugate gradient method (BiCG) and has faster and smoother convergence tha... | Biconjugate gradient stabilized method | 0.784973 |
80,415 | Darwinism, psychologist who studies in behavior, stated two consequences of studying behavior. Conceptual consequence of breaking the mind and design. The presence of design was no longer evidence of an intending mind if Darwinism was correct. Therefore, design could exist by itself. Break down of the dualism and the p... | Natural design | 0.784972 |
80,416 | The Natural Design Perspective is an approach to psychology and biology that (among other things) holds that concepts such as "motivation", "emotion", "development", "adaptation" refer to objectively observable patterns, rather than hidden causes. It was developed by Nicholas S. Thompson (Professor Emeritus of Ethology... | Natural design | 0.784972 |
80,417 | The company was founded by Cristiana Camisotti, Ian Hogarth, and Pete Smith - the latter two are also the founders of Songkick - in 2011. Its inaugural event took place in a pub with 40 start-up companies. The initiative was supported by David Cameron's initiative Tech City.The event was expanded into Scotland in 2015 ... | Silicon Milkroundabout | 0.784971 |
80,418 | Using this particular expanded idea of analyticity, Frege concluded that Kant's examples of arithmetical truths are analytical a priori truths and not synthetic a priori truths. Thanks to Frege's logical semantics, particularly his concept of analyticity, arithmetic truths like "7+5=12" are no longer synthetic a priori... | Analytic-synthetic distinction | 0.784971 |
80,419 | "Queue jump" may also refer to cutting in line.A queue jump is a type of roadway geometry used to provide preference to buses at intersections, often found in bus rapid transit systems. It consists of an additional travel lane on the approach to a signalised intersection. This lane is often restricted to transit vehicl... | Queue jump | 0.78497 |
80,420 | The Molecular Materials Research Group (MMRG) is a multidisciplinary research group composed of several Ph.D. members as well as the expertise of other researchers in the field of Computational, Organic and Analytical Chemistry.Located at Madeira University in Madeira, its main scientific activity is devoted to the pre... | Molecular Materials Research Group | 0.78497 |
80,421 | The projective hypersurface Proj ( C / ( X 0 5 + ⋯ + X 4 5 ) ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Proj} \left(\mathbb {C} /(X_{0}^{5}+\cdots +X_{4}^{5})\right)} is an example of a Fermat quintic threefold which is also a Calabi–Yau manifold. In addition to projective hypersurfaces, any projective variety cut out by a sys... | Serre twisting sheaf | 0.78497 |
80,422 | Formally, let X be any scheme and S be a sheaf of graded O X {\displaystyle O_{X}} -algebras (the definition of which is similar to the definition of O X {\displaystyle O_{X}} -modules on a locally ringed space): that is, a sheaf with a direct sum decomposition S = ⨁ i ≥ 0 S i {\displaystyle S=\bigoplus _{i\geq 0}S_{i}... | Serre twisting sheaf | 0.78497 |
80,423 | One reason for the utility of O ( 1 ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}(1)} is that it recovers the algebraic information of S {\displaystyle S} that was lost when, in the construction of O X {\displaystyle O_{X}} , we passed to fractions of degree zero. In the case Spec A for a ring A, the global sections of the structure... | Serre twisting sheaf | 0.78497 |
80,424 | A generalization of the Proj construction replaces the ring S with a sheaf of algebras and produces, as the result, a scheme which might be thought of as a fibration of Proj's of rings. This construction is often used, for example, to construct projective space bundles over a base scheme. | Serre twisting sheaf | 0.78497 |
80,425 | Since Prokhorov's theorem expresses tightness in terms of compactness, the Arzelà–Ascoli theorem is often used to substitute for compactness: in function spaces, this leads to a characterization of tightness in terms of the modulus of continuity or an appropriate analogue—see tightness in classical Wiener space and tig... | Prokhorov's theorem | 0.784969 |
80,426 | Prokhorov's theorem can be extended to consider complex measures or finite signed measures. Theorem: Suppose that ( S , ρ ) {\displaystyle (S,\rho )} is a complete separable metric space and Π {\displaystyle \Pi } is a family of Borel complex measures on S {\displaystyle S} . The following statements are equivalent: Π ... | Prokhorov's theorem | 0.784969 |
80,427 | The space P ( S ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}(S)} with the topology of weak convergence is metrizable. Suppose that in addition, ( S , ρ ) {\displaystyle (S,\rho )} is a complete metric space (so that ( S , ρ ) {\displaystyle (S,\rho )} is a Polish space). There is a complete metric d 0 {\displaystyle d_{0}} on P ( S... | Prokhorov's theorem | 0.784969 |
80,428 | Let ( S , ρ ) {\displaystyle (S,\rho )} be a separable metric space. Let P ( S ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}(S)} denote the collection of all probability measures defined on S {\displaystyle S} (with its Borel σ-algebra). Theorem. A collection K ⊂ P ( S ) {\displaystyle K\subset {\mathcal {P}}(S)} of probability meas... | Prokhorov's theorem | 0.784969 |
80,429 | In measure theory Prokhorov's theorem relates tightness of measures to relative compactness (and hence weak convergence) in the space of probability measures. It is credited to the Soviet mathematician Yuri Vasilyevich Prokhorov, who considered probability measures on complete separable metric spaces. The term "Prokhor... | Prokhorov's theorem | 0.784969 |
80,430 | These products of ozone chemistry include formaldehyde, higher molecular weight aldehydes, acidic aerosols, and fine and ultrafine particles, among others. The higher the outdoor ventilation rate, the higher the indoor ozone concentration and the more likely the reactions will occur, but even at low levels, the reactio... | Indoor air | 0.784969 |
80,431 | “Building ecology“ is proposed as the application of those approaches to the built environment considering the dynamic system of buildings, their occupants, and the larger environment.Buildings constantly evolve as a result of the changes in the environment around them as well as the occupants, materials, and activitie... | Indoor air | 0.784969 |
80,432 | 2-Furonitrile, a pharmaceutical intermediate and potential artificial sweetening agent has been prepared in good yield by treating furfural with a mixture of hydrazoic acid (HN3) and perchloric acid (HClO4) in the presence of magnesium perchlorate in the benzene solution at 35 °C.The all gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL) m... | Hydrogen azide | 0.784968 |
80,433 | The Standard Model of physics, in particular the work of Murray Gell-Mann in the 1960s, had been successful in uniting much of the previously disparate concepts in particle physics into one, relatively straightforward, scheme. In essence, there were three types of particles: The leptons, which were low-mass particles s... | Deep inelastic scattering | 0.784967 |
80,434 | In particle physics, deep inelastic scattering is the name given to a process used to probe the insides of hadrons (particularly the baryons, such as protons and neutrons), using electrons, muons and neutrinos. It was first attempted in the 1960s and 1970s and provided the first convincing evidence of the reality of qu... | Deep inelastic scattering | 0.784967 |
80,435 | The NET command with its STATISTICS sub-command provides the date and time the computer started, for both the NET STATISTICS WORKSTATION and NET STATISTICS SERVER variants. The command NET STATS SRV is shorthand for NET STATISTICS SERVER. The exact text and date format is dependent on the configured language and locale... | Uptime | 0.784966 |
80,436 | The Journal of Cryptology (ISSN 0933-2790) is a scientific journal in the field of cryptology and cryptography. The journal is published quarterly by the International Association for Cryptologic Research. Its editor-in-chief is Vincent Rijmen. | Journal of Cryptology | 0.784966 |
80,437 | Like intuitionism, constructivism involves the regulative principle that only mathematical entities which can be explicitly constructed in a certain sense should be admitted to mathematical discourse. In this view, mathematics is an exercise of the human intuition, not a game played with meaningless symbols. Instead, i... | Mathematical Platonism | 0.784965 |
80,438 | Key Finding Attacks are attacks on computer systems that make use of cryptography in which computer memory or non-volatile storage is searched for private cryptographic keys that can be used to decrypt or sign data. The term is generally used in the context of attacks which search memory much more efficiently than simp... | Key finding attacks | 0.784965 |
80,439 | If a pre-abelian category K {\displaystyle {\mathcal {K}}} is linearly complete, well-powered in strong monomorphisms and co-well-powered in strong epimorphisms, then K {\displaystyle {\mathcal {K}}} has nodal decomposition. More generally, suppose a category K {\displaystyle {\mathcal {K}}} is linearly complete, well-... | Nodal decomposition | 0.784965 |
80,440 | The Circle packing theorem states that every planar graph may be represented as the intersection graph of a collection of non-crossing circles in the plane. Placing each vertex of the graph at the center of the corresponding circle leads to a straight line representation. Heiko Harborth raised the question of whether e... | Fáry's theorem | 0.784964 |
80,441 | It is so called because such an embedding can be found as the equilibrium position for a system of springs representing the edges of the graph. Steinitz's theorem states that every 3-connected planar graph can be represented as the edges of a convex polyhedron in three-dimensional space. A straight-line embedding of G ... | Fáry's theorem | 0.784964 |
80,442 | De Fraysseix, Pach and Pollack showed how to find in linear time a straight-line drawing in a grid with dimensions linear in the size of the graph, giving a universal point set with quadratic size. A similar method has been followed by Schnyder to prove enhanced bounds and a characterization of planarity based on the i... | Fáry's theorem | 0.784964 |
80,443 | One way of proving Fáry's theorem is to use mathematical induction. Let G be a simple plane graph with n vertices; we may add edges if necessary so that G is a maximally plane graph. If n < 3, the result is trivial. If n ≥ 3, then all faces of G must be triangles, as we could add an edge into any face with more sides w... | Fáry's theorem | 0.784964 |
80,444 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, Fáry's theorem states that any simple, planar graph can be drawn without crossings so that its edges are straight line segments. That is, the ability to draw graph edges as curves instead of as straight line segments does not allow a larger class of graphs to be drawn. The the... | Fáry's theorem | 0.784964 |
80,445 | In particular we can choose a vertex v with at most five neighbors that is different from a, b and c. Let G' be formed by removing v from G and retriangulating the face f formed by removing v. By induction, G' has a combinatorially isomorphic straight line re-embedding in which abc is the outer face. Because the re-emb... | Fáry's theorem | 0.784964 |
80,446 | Once other investigations have indicated Wilson's disease, the ideal test is the removal of a small amount of liver tissue through a liver biopsy. This is assessed microscopically for the degree of steatosis and cirrhosis, and histochemistry and quantification of copper are used to measure the severity of the copper ac... | Wilson disease | 0.784963 |
80,447 | Mutation analysis of the ATP7B gene, as well as other genes linked to copper accumulation in the liver, may be performed. Once a mutation is confirmed, family members can be screened for the disease as part of clinical genetics family counseling. Regional distributions of genes associated with Wilson's disease are impo... | Wilson disease | 0.784963 |
80,448 | Experimental observations, as well as DNS indicate that an important phenomenon to model is preferential concentration. Particles (particularly those with Stokes number close to 1) are known to accumulate in regions of high shear and low vorticity (such as turbulent boundary layers), and the mechanisms behind this phen... | Particle-laden flow | 0.784962 |
80,449 | The Rosiwal scale is a hardness scale in mineralogy, with its name given in memory of the Austrian geologist August Karl Rosiwal. The Rosiwal scale attempts to give more quantitative values of scratch hardness, unlike the Mohs scale which is a qualitative measurement with relative values. The Rosiwal method (also calle... | Rosiwal scale | 0.784962 |
80,450 | In number theory, Vantieghems theorem is a primality criterion. It states that a natural number n≥3 is prime if and only if ∏ 1 ≤ k ≤ n − 1 ( 2 k − 1 ) ≡ n mod ( 2 n − 1 ) . {\displaystyle \prod _{1\leq k\leq n-1}\left(2^{k}-1\right)\equiv n\mod \left(2^{n}-1\right).} Similarly, n is prime, if and only if the following... | Vantieghems theorem | 0.784961 |
80,451 | The Field of Interest (FoI) of the SMCS includes: "Integration of the theories of communication, control, cybernetics, stochastics, optimization and system structure towards the formation of a general theory of systems;" "Development of systems engineering technology including problem definition methods, modeling, and ... | IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society | 0.78496 |
80,452 | The earliest incarnation of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society was the IRE Professional Group on Human Factors in Electronics, formed in 1958. The Group would later change its name to IEEE Professional Technical Group on Human Factors in Electronics (1963), IEEE Human Factors in Electronics Group (1964), Ma... | IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society | 0.78496 |
80,453 | IEEE SMCS’s three technical areas (TA) promote initiatives in support of the FoI: Systems Science and Engineering—Focuses on systematics formulation, interpretation, analysis and modelling of issues and decision-making opportunities for large and complex systems. Human-Machine Systems—Focuses on organizational interact... | IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society | 0.78496 |
80,454 | A mesh basic service set (MBSS) forms a self-contained network of mesh stations that share a mesh profile. Each node may also be an access point hosting its own basic service set, for example using the mesh BSS to provide Internet access for local users. From the point of view of a wireless client, an IEEE 802.11s wire... | Service set identifier | 0.78496 |
80,455 | In the geometry of numbers, Schinzel's theorem is the following statement: It was originally proved by and named after Andrzej Schinzel. | Schinzel's theorem | 0.78496 |
80,456 | Schinzel proved this theorem by the following construction. If n {\displaystyle n} is an even number, with n = 2 k {\displaystyle n=2k} , then the circle given by the following equation passes through exactly n {\displaystyle n} points: This circle has radius 5 ( k − 1 ) / 2 / 2 {\displaystyle 5^{(k-1)/2}/2} , and is c... | Schinzel's theorem | 0.784959 |
80,457 | When using dimensionless units, the constant factors might not even be written in the transform definition. For instance, in probability theory, the characteristic function Φ of the probability density function f of a random variable X of continuous type is defined without a negative sign in the exponential, and since ... | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,458 | Many of the identities involving the Fourier transform remain valid in those conventions, provided all terms that explicitly involve i have it replaced by −i. In Electrical engineering the letter j is typically used for the imaginary unit instead of i because i is used for current. | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,459 | From a calculational point of view, the drawback of course is that one must first calculate the Fourier transforms of the boundary conditions, then assemble the solution from these, and then calculate an inverse Fourier transform. Closed form formulas are rare, except when there is some geometric symmetry that can be e... | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,460 | Then the wave equation becomes an algebraic equation in ŷ: ξ 2 y ^ ( ξ , f ) = f 2 y ^ ( ξ , f ) . {\displaystyle \xi ^{2}{\hat {y}}(\xi ,f)=f^{2}{\hat {y}}(\xi ,f).} | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,461 | These are four linear equations for the four unknowns a± and b±, in terms of the Fourier sine and cosine transforms of the boundary conditions, which are easily solved by elementary algebra, provided that these transforms can be found. In summary, we chose a set of elementary solutions, parametrized by ξ, of which the ... | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,462 | Perhaps the most important use of the Fourier transformation is to solve partial differential equations. Many of the equations of the mathematical physics of the nineteenth century can be treated this way. Fourier studied the heat equation, which in one dimension and in dimensionless units is ∂ 2 y ( x , t ) ∂ 2 x = ∂ ... | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,463 | In other conventions, the Fourier transform has i in the exponent instead of −i, and vice versa for the inversion formula. This convention is common in modern physics and is the default for Wolfram Alpha, and does not mean that the frequency has become negative, since there is no canonical definition of positivity for ... | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,464 | See the article on linear algebra for a more formal explanation and for more details. This point of view becomes essential in generalisations of the Fourier transform to general symmetry groups, including the case of Fourier series. | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,465 | For other common conventions and notations, including using the angular frequency ω instead of the ordinary frequency ξ, see Other conventions and Other notations below. The Fourier transform on Euclidean space is treated separately, in which the variable x often represents position and ξ momentum. The conventions chos... | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,466 | The Peter–Weyl theorem holds, and a version of the Fourier inversion formula (Plancherel's theorem) follows: if f ∈ L2(G), then f ( g ) = ∑ σ ∈ Σ d σ tr ( f ^ ( σ ) U g ( σ ) ) {\displaystyle f(g)=\sum _{\sigma \in \Sigma }d_{\sigma }\operatorname {tr} \left({\hat {f}}(\sigma )U_{g}^{(\sigma )}\right)} where the summ... | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,467 | If μ is absolutely continuous with respect to the left-invariant probability measure λ on G, represented as d μ = f d λ {\displaystyle d\mu =f\,d\lambda } for some f ∈ L1(λ), one identifies the Fourier transform of f with the Fourier–Stieltjes transform of μ. The mapping μ ↦ μ ^ {\displaystyle \mu \mapsto {\hat {\mu }}... | Fourier transforms | 0.784958 |
80,468 | Proving that the set of possible F is open (in the set of smooth functions with average value 1) involves showing that if it is possible to solve the equation for some F, then it is possible to solve it for all sufficiently close F. Calabi proved this by using the implicit function theorem for Banach spaces: in order t... | Calabi's conjecture | 0.784955 |
80,469 | In 1932, Karol Borsuk showed that an ordinary 3-dimensional ball in Euclidean space can be easily dissected into 4 solids, each of which has a smaller diameter than the ball, and generally n-dimensional ball can be covered with n + 1 compact sets of diameters smaller than the ball. At the same time he proved that n sub... | Borsuk's conjecture | 0.784953 |
80,470 | The Borsuk problem in geometry, for historical reasons incorrectly called Borsuk's conjecture, is a question in discrete geometry. It is named after Karol Borsuk. | Borsuk's conjecture | 0.784953 |
80,471 | Among his mostly Germanic ancestors he also had Magyar ones. The young Lenard studied at the Pozsonyi Királyi Katolikus Főgymnasium (today Gamča), and as he records in his autobiography, this made a big impression on him (especially the personality of his teacher, Virgil Klatt). In 1880, he studied physics and chemistr... | Waterfall effect | 0.784952 |
80,472 | Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (German pronunciation: ; Hungarian: Lénárd Fülöp Eduárd Antal; 7 June 1862 – 20 May 1947) was an Austrian Empire-born German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his work on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties. One of his most import... | Waterfall effect | 0.784952 |
80,473 | Royal Society: Rumford Medal, 1896 Italian Society of Sciences: Matteucci Medal, 1896 French Academy of Sciences: Prix La Caze, 1897 Franklin Institute: Franklin Medal, 1932 Nobel Prize for Physics, 1905 A crater near the north pole of the moon was named in his honor from 2005 (approved in 2008) until 2020. When the In... | Waterfall effect | 0.784952 |
80,474 | Lenard is remembered today as a strong German nationalist who despised "English physics", which he considered to have stolen its ideas from Germany. During the Nazi regime, he was the outspoken proponent of the idea that Germany should rely on "Deutsche Physik" and ignore what he considered the fallacious and deliberat... | Waterfall effect | 0.784952 |
80,475 | HERA (German: Hadron-Elektron-Ringanlage, English: Hadron–Electron Ring Accelerator) was a particle accelerator at DESY in Hamburg. It was operated from 1992 to 30 June 2007. At HERA, electrons or positrons were brought to collision with protons at a center-of-mass energy of 320 GeV. HERA was used mainly to study the s... | Hadron Elektron Ring Anlage | 0.784949 |
80,476 | H1 was a universal detector for the collision of electrons and protons, located in the HERA Hall North. It measured 12 m × 10 m × 15 m, weighed 2800 tons and was operated from 1992 to 2007. It was designed for probing the inner structure of the proton, the exploration of the strong interaction as well as the search for... | Hadron Elektron Ring Anlage | 0.784949 |
80,477 | The HERMES experiment in the HERA Hall East was operated from 1995 to 2007. HERA's longitudinally polarised electron beam was used to explore the spin structure of nucleons. For this purpose, the electrons were scattered at energies of 27.5 GeV at an internal gas target. This target and the detector itself were designe... | Hadron Elektron Ring Anlage | 0.784949 |
80,478 | Löwner-John ellipsoids can Thus, simple basic semi-algebraic sets . | John ellipsoid | 0.784949 |
80,479 | The computation of Löwner-John ellipsoids (and in more general, the computation of minimal-volume polynomial level sets enclosing a set) has found many applications in control and robotics. In particular, computing Löwner-John ellipsoids has applications in obstacle collision detection for robotic systems, where the di... | John ellipsoid | 0.784949 |
80,480 | The NTLM SSP is used in the following situations: The client is authenticating to a server that doesn't belong to a domain or no Active Directory domain exists (commonly referred to as "workgroup" or "peer-to-peer") The server must have the "password-protected sharing" feature enabled, which is not enabled by default a... | NT LAN Manager | 0.784949 |
80,481 | The Line Mode Browser was very popular in the beginning of the web, since it was the only web browser available for all operating systems. Statistics from January 1994 show that Mosaic had quickly changed the web browser landscape and only 2% of all World Wide Web users browsed by Line Mode Browser. The new niche of te... | Line Mode Browser | 0.784949 |
80,482 | The official standard ANSI C was not yet available on all platforms. The Line Mode Browser was released to a limited audience on VAX, RS/6000 and Sun-4 computers in March 1991. Before the release of the first publicly available version, it was integrated into the CERN Program Library (CERNLIB), used mostly by the High-... | Line Mode Browser | 0.784949 |
80,483 | In the geometry of crystal nets, one can treat edges as line segments. For example, in a crystal net, it is presumed that edges do not “collide” in the sense that when treating them as line segments, they do not intersect. Several polyhedral constructions can be derived from crystal nets. | Periodic graph (crystallography) | 0.784948 |
80,484 | A Euclidean graph in three-dimensional space is a pair (V, E), where V is a set of vertices (sometimes called points or nodes) and E is a set of edges (sometimes called bonds or spacers) where each edge joins two vertices. There is a tendency in the polyhedral and chemical literature to refer to geometric graphs as net... | Periodic graph (crystallography) | 0.784948 |
80,485 | The Extended Semantic Web Conference (abbreviated as ESWC), formerly known as the European Semantic Web Conference, is a yearly international academic conference on the topic of the Semantic Web. The event began in 2004 as the European Semantic Web Symposium. The goal of the event is "to bring together researchers and ... | Extended Semantic Web Conference | 0.784948 |
80,486 | There has been high turnover in Autopilot lead roles. Some of the executives leaving were: 2015–2016: Sterling Anderson (Autopilot Director) left to start a competing company. 2017–2017: Chris Lattner (Vice President of Autopilot Software) left after six months due to cultural fit issues. 2017–2018: Jim Keller (Vice Pr... | Tesla Full Self-Driving | 0.784947 |
80,487 | By November 2021 there were about 11,700 FSD beta testers and about 150,000 vehicles using Tesla's safety score system, which then grew to 60,000 users participating in FSD beta by January 2022, and 100,000 users by April 2022. In November 2022, the FSD beta was opened to all North American owners who had purchased the... | Tesla Full Self-Driving | 0.784947 |
80,488 | The first comparable safety statistics using Full Self-Driving were released in March 2023; Tesla stated that vehicles operating under FSD experienced a crash that deployed the airbag approximately every 3.2 million miles, compared to all crashes with airbag deployment reported to the police, which occur approximately ... | Tesla Full Self-Driving | 0.784947 |
80,489 | He also stated that Tesla cars are avoiding pedestrian accidents at a rate of tens to hundreds per day. The company abruptly stopped publishing safety statistics after 2021, leading to speculation that after NHTSA issued Standing General Order 2021-01 in June 2021, requiring manufacturers to report detailed crash stati... | Tesla Full Self-Driving | 0.784947 |
80,490 | Starting in 2018, Tesla began publishing safety statistics on a quarterly basis. The data have been difficult to interpret, as the actual crash counts, baseline mileage, and basic definition of a crash are not available. : 3 In February 2020, Andrej Karpathy, Tesla's head of AI and computer vision, stated that Tesla ca... | Tesla Full Self-Driving | 0.784947 |
80,491 | The Autopilot development focus is on "increasingly sophisticated neural nets that can operate in reasonably sized computers in the car". According to Musk, "the car will learn over time", including from other cars.Tesla's software has been trained based on 3 billion miles driven by Tesla vehicles on public roads, as o... | Tesla Full Self-Driving | 0.784947 |
80,492 | Tesla's approach to try to achieve SAE Level 5 is to train a neural network using the behavior of 3+ million Tesla drivers using chiefly visible light cameras and information from components used for other purposes in the car (the coarse-grained two-dimensional maps used for navigation; the ultrasonic sensors used for ... | Tesla Full Self-Driving | 0.784947 |
80,493 | Tesla Dojo is a supercomputer designed from the ground up by Tesla for computer vision video processing and recognition. It will be used to train Tesla's machine learning models to improve FSD. Dojo's goal is to efficiently process millions of terabytes of video data captured from real-life driving situations from Tesl... | Tesla Full Self-Driving | 0.784947 |
80,494 | This avoids both the unnecessary back-capping (and the associated rasterization) for cases where depth-fail is unnecessary, as well as the problem of appropriately front-capping for special cases of depth-pass. On more recent GPU pipelines, geometry shaders can be used to generate the shadow volumes. On systems that do... | Stencil shadow volumes | 0.784947 |
80,495 | One method of speeding up the shadow volume geometry calculations is to utilize existing parts of the rendering pipeline to do some of the calculation. For instance, by using homogeneous coordinates, the w-coordinate may be set to zero to extend a point to infinity. This should be accompanied by a viewing frustum that ... | Stencil shadow volumes | 0.784947 |
80,496 | Shadow volumes tend to cover large portions of the visible scene, and as a result consume valuable rasterization time (fill time) on 3D graphics hardware. This problem is compounded by the complexity of the shadow casting objects, as each object can cast its own shadow volume of any potential size onscreen. See optimiz... | Stencil shadow volumes | 0.784947 |
80,497 | Simbad robot simulator is an open-source cross-platform software simulator used to develop robotics and artificial intelligence applications. The Simbad project started in 2005, initially developed by Dr. Louis Hugues and is widely used for educational purposes. Simbad is distributed under the GNU General Public Licens... | Simbad robot simulator | 0.784944 |
80,498 | The journal is abstracted and indexing in the following databases: Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Chemical Abstracts Current Contents/Physics, Chemical, & Earth Sciences Current Contents/SciSearch Database Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences MSCI Engineering Index INSPEC PASCAL/CNRS Research Alert SSSA/CISA/E... | Solid State Communications | 0.784942 |
80,499 | Solid State Communications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of solid-state physics. The journal specializes in short papers on significant developments in the condensed matter science. The journal was established 1963, when the Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids split its letters section to create this jou... | Solid State Communications | 0.784942 |
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