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80,700 | P y 0 {\displaystyle P_{y0}} is the initial polarization before resonance crossing. The resonance may be crossed by raising the energy so that the spin tune passes through a resonance, or driven with a transverse magnetic field at a frequency that is in resonance with the spin oscillations. The Froissart–Stora equation... | Froissart–Stora equation | 0.784872 |
80,701 | In number theory, Cramér's conjecture, formulated by the Swedish mathematician Harald Cramér in 1936, is an estimate for the size of gaps between consecutive prime numbers: intuitively, that gaps between consecutive primes are always small, and the conjecture quantifies asymptotically just how small they must be. It st... | Cramér conjecture | 0.78487 |
80,702 | Nanotechnology provides methods to organizing materials such as molecules, polymers, building blocks, etc. to form precise nanostructures which have many applications. In the process and application of peptide self-assembly into nano tubes, the single-wall carbon nano tubes is an example which consists of a graphene sh... | Directed assembly of micro- and nano-structures | 0.784869 |
80,703 | Then, it is cured by heat or ultraviolet light, and tight level of the resist and template is controlled at appropriate conditions depend on our purposes. In addition, nanoimprint lithography has high resolution and throughput with low cost. Disadvantages include increased time for templating procedures, a lack of stan... | Directed assembly of micro- and nano-structures | 0.784869 |
80,704 | A fixed action pattern is an ethological term describing an instinctive behavioral sequence that is highly stereotyped and species-characteristic. Fixed action patterns are said to be produced by the innate releasing mechanism, a "hard-wired" neural network, in response to a sign/key stimulus or releaser. Once released... | Fixed action pattern | 0.784866 |
80,705 | Since icons intended for Windows Vista and later versions may contain PNG subimages, the optimizations can be applied to them as well. At least one icon editor, Pixelformer, is able to perform a special optimization pass while saving ICO files, thereby reducing their sizes. FileOptimizer (mentioned above) can also hand... | Paeth filter | 0.784865 |
80,706 | For removing ancillary chunks, most PNG optimization tools have the ability to remove all color correction data from PNG files (gamma, white balance, ICC color profile, standard RGB color profile). This often results in much smaller file sizes. For example, the following command line options achieve this with pngcrush:... | Paeth filter | 0.784865 |
80,707 | While originally applied to manufacturing, the use of industrial in industrial engineering can be somewhat misleading, since it has grown to encompass any methodical or quantitative approach to optimizing how a process, system, or organization operates. In fact, the industrial in industrial engineering means the indust... | Industrial engineering | 0.784863 |
80,708 | Traditionally, a major aspect of industrial engineering was planning the layouts of factories and designing assembly lines and other manufacturing paradigms. And now, in lean manufacturing systems, industrial engineers work to eliminate wastes of time, money, materials, energy, and other resources. Examples of where in... | Industrial engineering | 0.784863 |
80,709 | Frederick Taylor (1856–1915) is generally credited as being the father of the industrial engineering discipline. He earned a degree in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology and earned several patents from his inventions. His books, Shop Management and The Principles of Scientific Management, which... | Industrial engineering | 0.784863 |
80,710 | One of the main focuses of an Industrial Engineer is to improve the working environments of people – not to change the worker, but to change the workplace. ""All engineers, including Industrial Engineers, take mathematics through calculus and differential equations. Industrial Engineering is different in that it is bas... | Industrial engineering | 0.784863 |
80,711 | Engineering is traditionally decompositional. To understand the whole of something, it is first broken down into its parts. One masters the parts, then puts them back together to create a better understanding of how to master the whole. The approach of industrial and systems engineering (ISE) is opposite; any one part ... | Industrial engineering | 0.784863 |
80,712 | Industrial engineering is an engineering profession that is concerned with the optimization of complex processes, systems, or organizations by developing, improving and implementing integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information and equipment. Industrial engineering is central to manufacturing operations.I... | Industrial engineering | 0.784863 |
80,713 | Industrial engineering has many sub-disciplines, the most common of which are listed below. Although there are industrial engineers who focus exclusively on one of these sub-disciplines, many deals with a combination of them such as supply chain and logistics, and facilities and energy management.Methods engineering Fa... | Industrial engineering | 0.784863 |
80,714 | Variations of the title include Industrial & Operations Engineering (IOE), and Industrial & Systems Engineering (ISE or ISyE). The typical curriculum includes a broad math and science foundation spanning chemistry, physics, mechanics (i.e., statics, kinematics, and dynamics), materials science, computer science, electr... | Industrial engineering | 0.784863 |
80,715 | The Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification or CAPEC is a catalog of known cyber security attack patterns to be used by cyber security professionals to prevent attacks.Originally released in 2007 by the United States Department of Homeland Security, the project began as an initiative of the Office of Cyber... | Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification | 0.784862 |
80,716 | The chemistry of catalytic hydromethanation involves reacting steam and carbon to produce methane and carbon dioxide, according to the following reaction: 2C + 2H2O -> CH4 + CO2The process utilizes a specially designed reactor and depends upon a proprietary metal catalyst to promote chemical conversion at the low tempe... | Hydromethanation | 0.784862 |
80,717 | The Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, also known as NIAB, (Urdu: جوہری ادارہ برائے زراعت و حیاتیات) is an agriculture and food irradiation national research institute managed by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. Along with Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), the NIAB reports directly to... | Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology | 0.784861 |
80,718 | The NIAB was established by Ishrat Hussain Usmani when PAEC established its first Biological Science Directorate in 1965. In 1967, with the efforts led by dr. Abdus Salam, the Government approved a project, and Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission began its construction. The operations and research began in 1970, and it w... | Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology | 0.784861 |
80,719 | Target costing and target value design have applications in building healthcare facilities including critical components such as Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). The process is influenced by unit locations, degree of comfort, number of patients per room, type of supply location and access to nature. According to ... | Target costing | 0.784859 |
80,720 | An Energy Retrofit Loan Analysis Model has been developed using a Monte Carlo (MC) method for target costing in Energy Efficient buildings and construction. MC method has been shown to be effective in determining the impact of financial uncertainties in project performance.Target Value Design Decision Making Process (T... | Target costing | 0.784859 |
80,721 | In writing to Christoph Rothmann, a Copernican astronomer, Tycho used basic geometry to show that, assuming a small parallax that just escaped detection, the distance to the stars in the Copernican system would have to be 700 times greater than the distance from the sun to Saturn. Moreover, the only way the stars could... | Tychonic System | 0.784856 |
80,722 | Tycho admired aspects of Copernicus's heliocentric model, but felt that it had problems as concerned physics, astronomical observations of stars, and religion. Regarding the Copernican system, Tycho wrote, This innovation expertly and completely circumvents all that is superfluous or discordant in the system of Ptolemy... | Tychonic System | 0.784856 |
80,723 | The Tychonic system (or Tychonian system) is a model of the Universe published by Tycho Brahe in the late 16th century, which combines what he saw as the mathematical benefits of the Copernican system with the philosophical and "physical" benefits of the Ptolemaic system. The model may have been inspired by Valentin Na... | Tychonic System | 0.784856 |
80,724 | Tycho's system was foreshadowed, in part, by that of Martianus Capella, who described a system in which Mercury and Venus are placed on epicycles around the Sun, which circles the Earth. Copernicus, who cited Capella's theory, even mentioned the possibility of an extension in which the other three of the six known plan... | Tychonic System | 0.784856 |
80,725 | Religion played a role in Tycho's geocentrism also—he cited the authority of scripture in portraying the Earth as being at rest. He rarely used Biblical arguments alone (to him they were a secondary objection to the idea of Earth's motion) and over time he came to focus on scientific arguments, but he did take Biblical... | Tychonic System | 0.784856 |
80,726 | Tycho saidDeduce these things geometrically if you like, and you will see how many absurdities (not to mention others) accompany this assumption by inference. Copernicans offered a religious response to Tycho's geometry: titanic, distant stars might seem unreasonable, but they were not, for the Creator could make his ... | Tychonic System | 0.784856 |
80,727 | In regard to physics, Tycho held that the Earth was just too sluggish and heavy to be continuously in motion. According to the accepted Aristotelian physics of the time, the heavens (whose motions and cycles were continuous and unending) were made of "Aether" or "Quintessence"; this substance, not found on Earth, was l... | Tychonic System | 0.784856 |
80,728 | The transitioning of nanotechnology from lab demonstrations to industrial-scale manufacturing a number has a number of challenges, some of which include: Developing production techniques that are economic and produce viable yield Controlling the precision of the assembly of nanostructures Testing reliability and establ... | Nanomanufacturing | 0.784855 |
80,729 | The realization of the numerous applications and benefits of nano-scale systems in everyday materials, electronics, medicine, energy conservation, sustainability, and transportation has led to research in developing techniques to produce these nano-systems on a larger-scale and at higher rates. Programs and organizatio... | Nanomanufacturing | 0.784855 |
80,730 | For example, improvement in plastic material barrier allow customers to identify relevant information. Longer food life and safer food is aimed with self repairing functions as well. Performance of traditional construction materials; steel and concrete improves with nanotechnology. Reinforcing concrete with metal oxide... | Nanomanufacturing | 0.784855 |
80,731 | In 2009, $91 billion was in US products that incorporate nanoscale components. More than 60 countries established nanomanufacturing industry related programs at a national level between 2001 and 2004. Cumulative funding since 2000 for National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) is more than $12 billion. For sustainability... | Nanomanufacturing | 0.784855 |
80,732 | Nanomanufacturing refers to manufacturing processes of objects or material with dimensions between one and one hundred nanometers. These processes results in nanotechnology, extremely small devices, structures, features, and systems that have applications in organic chemistry, molecular biology, aerospace engineering, ... | Nanomanufacturing | 0.784855 |
80,733 | 67). Nanomanufacturing appears to be the near-term, industrial-scale manufacture of nanotechnology-based objects, with emphasis on low cost and reliability. Many professional societies have formed Nanotechnology technical groups. The Society of Manufacturing Engineers, for example, has formed a Nanomanufacturing Techni... | Nanomanufacturing | 0.784855 |
80,734 | The NNI has defined nanotechnology very broadly, to include a wide range of tiny structures, including those created by large and imprecise tools. However, nanomanufacturing is not defined in the NNI's recent report, Instrumentation and Metrology for Nanotechnology. In contrast, another "priority area," nanofabrication... | Nanomanufacturing | 0.784855 |
80,735 | Nanomanufacturing is both the production of nanoscaled materials, which can be powders or fluids, and the manufacturing of parts "bottom up" from nanoscaled materials or "top down" in smallest steps for high precision, used in several technologies such as laser ablation, etching and others. Nanomanufacturing differs fr... | Nanomanufacturing | 0.784855 |
80,736 | The Elo rating system is a method for calculating the relative skill levels of players in zero-sum games such as chess. It is named after its creator Arpad Elo, a Hungarian-American physics professor. The Elo system was invented as an improved chess-rating system over the previously used Harkness system, but is also us... | Elo rating | 0.784855 |
80,737 | In materials science, and especially elasticity theory, ideas of torsion also play an important role. One problem models the growth of vines, focusing on the question of how vines manage to twist around objects. The vine itself is modeled as a pair of elastic filaments twisted around one another. In its energy-minimizi... | Torsion tensor | 0.784853 |
80,738 | In the classical differential geometry of curves, the Frenet-Serret formulas describe how a particular moving frame (the Frenet-Serret frame) twists along a curve. In physical terms, the torsion corresponds to the angular momentum of an idealized top pointing along the tangent of the curve. The case of a manifold with ... | Torsion tensor | 0.784853 |
80,739 | Nobel laureates who have held Beit fellowships are Alexander R. Todd (chemistry, 1957), Fred Sanger (chemistry, 1958 and 1980), Macfarlane Burnet (physiology or medicine, 1960), Bernard Katz (physiology or medicine, 1970) and Tim Hunt (physiology or medicine, 2001). The first female member of the Royal Society in 1945 ... | Beit Memorial Fellowships for Medical Research | 0.784853 |
80,740 | In relational database management systems, a unique key is a candidate key. All the candidate keys of a relation can uniquely identify the records of the relation, but only one of them is used as the primary key of the relation. The remaining candidate keys are called unique keys because they can uniquely identify a re... | Unique key | 0.784852 |
80,741 | If we regard the Lie group G as a principal bundle over a manifold consisting of a single point then the Maurer–Cartan form can also be characterized abstractly as the unique principal connection on the principal bundle G. Indeed, it is the unique g = TeG valued 1-form on G satisfying ω e = i d: T e G → g , and {\displ... | Maurer–Cartan equations | 0.78485 |
80,742 | In particular, if X and Y are left-invariant, then X ( ω ( Y ) ) = Y ( ω ( X ) ) = 0 , {\displaystyle X(\omega (Y))=Y(\omega (X))=0,} so d ω ( X , Y ) + = 0 {\displaystyle d\omega (X,Y)+=0} but the left-invariant fields span the tangent space at any point (the push-forward of a basis in TeG under a diffeomorphism is s... | Maurer–Cartan equations | 0.78485 |
80,743 | If X is a left-invariant vector field on G, then ω(X) is constant on G. Furthermore, if X and Y are both left-invariant, then ω ( ) = {\displaystyle \omega ()=} where the bracket on the left-hand side is the Lie bracket of vector fields, and the bracket on the right-hand side is the bracket on the Lie algebra g. (Thi... | Maurer–Cartan equations | 0.78485 |
80,744 | The geometries of interest were homogeneous spaces G/H, but usually without a fixed choice of origin corresponding to the coset eH. A principal homogeneous space of G is a manifold P abstractly characterized by having a free and transitive action of G on P. The Maurer–Cartan form gives an appropriate infinitesimal char... | Maurer–Cartan equations | 0.78485 |
80,745 | The quantities cijk are the structure constants of the Lie algebra (relative to the basis Ei). A simple calculation, using the definition of the exterior derivative d, yields d θ i ( E j , E k ) = − θ i ( ) = − ∑ r c j k r θ i ( E r ) = − c j k i = − 1 2 ( c j k i − c k j i ) , {\displaystyle d\theta ^{i}(E_{j},E_{k})... | Maurer–Cartan equations | 0.78485 |
80,746 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Folkman graph is a 4-regular graph with 20 vertices and 40 edges. It is a regular bipartite graph with symmetries taking every edge to every other edge, but the two sides of its bipartition are not symmetric with each other, making it the smallest possible semi-symmetric g... | Folkman graph | 0.78485 |
80,747 | Gravitational lensing is an effect of Albert Einstein's general relativity, which says that all matter bends light that passes by it. Strong gravitational lensing drastically alters the shape of an object on the sky; weak gravitational lensing slightly alters the shape of the object; and gravitational microlensing alte... | MicroFUN | 0.784849 |
80,748 | The Microlensing Follow-Up Network (μFUN, pronounced "micro-fun") is an informal group of observers who monitor high magnification gravitational microlensing events in the Milky Way's Galactic Bulge. Its goal is to detect extrasolar planets via microlensing of the parent star by the planet. μFUN is a follow-up network ... | MicroFUN | 0.784849 |
80,749 | The experimental group considered it very improbable that the appearance of the phenomenon is due to a technical artefact because they report that their detection technique provides—during the whole observation time—complete and uninterrupted information upon the status of each stored ion. As this type of weak decay in... | GSI anomaly | 0.784847 |
80,750 | For example, the quantum volume of a cycle is computed from the mass of a brane wrapped on this cycle. In an alternative approach to quantum gravity called loop quantum gravity (LQG), the phrase "quantum geometry" usually refers to the formalism within LQG where the observables that capture the information about the ge... | Quantum geometry | 0.784846 |
80,751 | Each theory of quantum gravity uses the term "quantum geometry" in a slightly different fashion. String theory, a leading candidate for a quantum theory of gravity, uses the term quantum geometry to describe exotic phenomena such as T-duality and other geometric dualities, mirror symmetry, topology-changing transitions... | Quantum geometry | 0.784846 |
80,752 | In theoretical physics, quantum geometry is the set of mathematical concepts generalizing the concepts of geometry whose understanding is necessary to describe the physical phenomena at distance scales comparable to the Planck length. At these distances, quantum mechanics has a profound effect on physical phenomena. | Quantum geometry | 0.784846 |
80,753 | The Quantum Rose is an allegory to the mathematical and physical processes of coupled-channel quantum scattering theory and as such is based on Asaro's doctoral work in chemical physics, with thesis advisor Alexander Dalgarno at the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Asaro describes the allegory in an essay a... | The Quantum Rose | 0.784846 |
80,754 | Within the monocots the Liliaceae s.l. were distinguished from the Glumaceae. The development of molecular phylogenetics, cladistic theory and phylogenetic methods in the 1990s resulted in a dismemberment of the Liliaceae and its subsequent redistribution across three lilioid orders (Liliales, Asparagales and Dioscorea... | Petaloid monocots | 0.784846 |
80,755 | The challenge was set at (and takes its name from) the 35th anniversary celebrations of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, now part of MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. The LCS35 challenge was solved on April 15, 2019, twenty years later, by Programmer Bernard Fabrot. The actual text wa... | LCS35 | 0.784845 |
80,756 | On the basis of the metals he had seen referred to as heavy metals, he suggested it would be useful to define them as (in general) all the metals in periodic table columns 3 to 16 that are in row 4 or greater, in other words, the transition metals and post-transition metals. The lanthanides satisfy Hawkes' three-part d... | Heavy metal (chemistry) | 0.784845 |
80,757 | For example, rubidium in group (column) 1 of the periodic table has an atomic number of 37 but a density of only 1.532 g/cm3, which is below the threshold figure used by other authors. The same problem may occur with definitions which are based on atomic weight.The United States Pharmacopeia includes a test for heavy m... | Heavy metal (chemistry) | 0.784845 |
80,758 | There is no widely agreed criterion-based definition of a heavy metal. Different meanings may be attached to the term, depending on the context. In metallurgy, for example, a heavy metal may be defined on the basis of density, whereas in physics the distinguishing criterion might be atomic number, and a chemist or biol... | Heavy metal (chemistry) | 0.784845 |
80,759 | Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers. The criteria used, and whether metalloids are included, vary depending on the author and context. In metallurgy, for example, a heavy metal may be defined on the basis of density, whereas in physics the disti... | Heavy metal (chemistry) | 0.784845 |
80,760 | A density of more than 5 g/cm3 is sometimes mentioned as a common heavy metal defining factor and, in the absence of a unanimous definition, is used to populate this list and, unless otherwise stated, guide the remainder of the article. Metalloids meeting the applicable criteria–arsenic and antimony, for example—are so... | Heavy metal (chemistry) | 0.784845 |
80,761 | Network Agility is an architectural discipline for computer networking. It can be defined as: The ability of network software and hardware to automatically control and configure itself and other network assets across any number of devices on a network.With regards to network hardware, network agility is used when refer... | Network agility | 0.784844 |
80,762 | If K {\displaystyle K} has the A {\displaystyle A} -Ramsey property for all A ∈ K {\displaystyle A\in K} then we say K {\displaystyle K} is a Ramsey class. Ramsey's theorem is equivalent to the statement that the class of all finite sets is a Ramsey class. == References == | Ramsey class | 0.784844 |
80,763 | In the area of mathematics known as Ramsey theory, a Ramsey class is one which satisfies a generalization of Ramsey's theorem. Suppose A {\displaystyle A} , B {\displaystyle B} and C {\displaystyle C} are structures and k {\displaystyle k} is a positive integer. We denote by ( B A ) {\displaystyle {\binom {B}{A}}} the ... | Ramsey class | 0.784844 |
80,764 | Hadamard-Caccioppoli TheoremIf U {\displaystyle U} , V {\displaystyle V} are connected open subsets of R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} such that V {\displaystyle V} is simply connected, a differentiable map f: U → V {\displaystyle f:U\to V} is a diffeomorphism if it is proper and if the differential D f x: R n → R... | Diffeomorphism group | 0.784843 |
80,765 | The diffeomorphism group equipped with its weak topology is locally homeomorphic to the space of C r {\displaystyle C^{r}} vector fields (Leslie 1967). Over a compact subset of M {\displaystyle M} , this follows by fixing a Riemannian metric on M {\displaystyle M} and using the exponential map for that metric. If r {\d... | Diffeomorphism group | 0.784843 |
80,766 | It is, however, still Baire. Fixing a Riemannian metric on M {\displaystyle M} , the weak topology is the topology induced by the family of metrics d K ( f , g ) = sup x ∈ K d ( f ( x ) , g ( x ) ) + ∑ 1 ≤ p ≤ r sup x ∈ K ‖ D p f ( x ) − D p g ( x ) ‖ {\displaystyle d_{K}(f,g)=\sup \nolimits _{x\in K}d(f(x),g(x))+\sum ... | Diffeomorphism group | 0.784843 |
80,767 | The diffeomorphism group has two natural topologies: weak and strong (Hirsch 1997). When the manifold is compact, these two topologies agree. The weak topology is always metrizable. When the manifold is not compact, the strong topology captures the behavior of functions "at infinity" and is not metrizable. | Diffeomorphism group | 0.784843 |
80,768 | In mathematics, a primefree sequence is a sequence of integers that does not contain any prime numbers. More specifically, it usually means a sequence defined by the same recurrence relation as the Fibonacci numbers, but with different initial conditions causing all members of the sequence to be composite numbers that ... | Primefree sequence | 0.784843 |
80,769 | The certification and International Living Future Institute's definition of a net zero building as: "One hundred percent of the building's energy needs on a net annual basis must be supplied by on-site renewable energy. No combustion is allowed. "To receive this certification projects must achieve at least four imperat... | Living Building Challenge | 0.784842 |
80,770 | It also aims to shift the grid the building is connected to towards more renewable energy. Health and happiness focuses on improving on the source of health problems such as indoor air quality, thermal comfort, visual comfort, and integration of nature in order to increase the quality of human health and productivity. | Living Building Challenge | 0.784842 |
80,771 | In physics, Mott scattering also referred to as spin-coupling inelastic Coulomb scattering, is the separation of the two spin states of an electron beam by scattering the beam off the Coulomb field of heavy atoms. It is named after Nevill Francis Mott, who first developed the theory. It is mostly used to measure the sp... | Mott scattering | 0.784842 |
80,772 | In numerical solution of differential equations, WENO (weighted essentially non-oscillatory) methods are classes of high-resolution schemes. WENO are used in the numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations. These methods were developed from ENO methods (essentially non-oscillatory). | WENO methods | 0.784842 |
80,773 | A fan with high static pressure is more effective at forcing air through restricted spaces, such as the gaps between a radiator or heatsink; static pressure is more important than airflow in CFM when choosing a fan for use with a heatsink. The relative importance of static pressure depends on the degree to which the ai... | Computer fan | 0.784841 |
80,774 | Intel Atom is a line of IA-32 and x86-64 instruction set ultra-low-voltage processors by Intel Corporation designed to reduce electric consumption and power dissipation in comparison with ordinary processors of the Intel Core series. Atom is mainly used in netbooks, nettops, embedded applications ranging from health ca... | Intel atom | 0.784841 |
80,775 | Freely programmable geometry shaders that modify the geometry can also be executed. In the actual rendering step, the world matrix * camera matrix * projection matrix is calculated and then finally applied to every single point. Thus, the points of all objects are transferred directly to the screen coordinate system (a... | Pixel pipeline | 0.784839 |
80,776 | In mathematics, in linear algebra and functional analysis, a cyclic subspace is a certain special subspace of a vector space associated with a vector in the vector space and a linear transformation of the vector space. The cyclic subspace associated with a vector v in a vector space V and a linear transformation T of V... | Cyclic decomposition theorem | 0.784837 |
80,777 | Moroctocog alfa (trade name ReFacto in the EU) is a recombinant antihemophilic factor genetically engineered from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. Chemically it is a glycoprotein. It is manufactured by Genetics Institute, Inc. and used to control and prevent hemorrhagic bleeding and prophylaxis associated with su... | Moroctocog alfa | 0.784835 |
80,778 | In model checking, a subfield of computer science, a signal or timed state sequence is an extension of the notion of words in a formal language, in which letters are continuously emitted. While a word is traditionally defined as a function from a set of non-negative integers to letters, a signal is a function from a se... | Signal (model checking) | 0.784834 |
80,779 | Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at an unsustainable rate, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology, the term is usually used in the contex... | Over harvesting | 0.784832 |
80,780 | Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Continued overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource, as it will be unable to replenish. The term applies to natural resources such as water aquifers, grazing pastures and fores... | Over harvesting | 0.784832 |
80,781 | Overexploitation often occurs rapidly as markets open, utilising previously untapped resources, or locally used species. Today, overexploitation and misuse of natural resources is an ever-present threat for species richness. This is more prevalent when looking at island ecology and the species that inhabit them, as isl... | Over harvesting | 0.784832 |
80,782 | The Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau algebra was introduced in the 1930s by R.J. Duffin, N. Kemmer and G. Petiau. | Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau algebra | 0.784831 |
80,783 | In mathematical physics, the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau algebra (DKP algebra), introduced by R.J. Duffin, Nicholas Kemmer and G. Petiau, is the algebra which is generated by the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau matrices. These matrices form part of the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau equation that provides a relativistic description of spin-0 and ... | Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau algebra | 0.784831 |
80,784 | Similarly to Bott periodicity, the periodicity theorem for KR states that KRp,q = KRp+1,q+1, where KRp,q is suspension with respect to Rp,q = Rq + iRp (with a switch in the order of p and q), given by K R p , q ( X , Y ) = K R ( X × B p , q , X × S p , q ∪ Y × B p , q ) {\displaystyle KR^{p,q}(X,Y)=KR(X\times B^{p,q},X... | KR-theory | 0.78483 |
80,785 | In mathematics, KR-theory is a variant of topological K-theory defined for spaces with an involution. It was introduced by Atiyah (1966), motivated by applications to the Atiyah–Singer index theorem for real elliptic operators. | KR-theory | 0.78483 |
80,786 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the hexagonal tiling-triangular tiling honeycomb is a paracompact uniform honeycomb, constructed from triangular tiling, hexagonal tiling, and trihexagonal tiling cells, in a rhombitrihexagonal tiling vertex figure. It has a single-ring Coxeter diagram, , and is named by its two r... | Hexagonal tiling-triangular tiling honeycomb | 0.78483 |
80,787 | Since 2015 INL organizes the INL Summit. This two days event brings together participants on all areas of knowledge with a focus on the impact of nanotechnology in today's world. In the 2016 event, BeeHex introduced 3D food printing at INL's annual conference. Previous events: 2015: Scale Travels 2016: Nanotechnology a... | International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory | 0.784829 |
80,788 | International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), in Braga, Portugal, a fully international research organization in Europe in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. INL is the result of a joint decision of the Governments of Portugal and Spain, taken on November 19, 2005, at the XXI Portugal–Spain Summit, i... | International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory | 0.784829 |
80,789 | In humans, brain activity consistent with that of mirror neurons has been found in the premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, the primary somatosensory cortex and the inferior parietal cortex. The function of the mirror system is a subject of much speculation. Many researchers in cognitive neuroscience and cogn... | Nerve system | 0.784829 |
80,790 | The subfield of geometry studies the representation of three-dimensional objects in a discrete digital setting. Because the appearance of an object depends largely on its exterior, boundary representations are most commonly used. Two dimensional surfaces are a good representation for most objects, though they may be no... | Graphics processing | 0.784829 |
80,791 | Computer graphics studies manipulation of visual and geometric information using computational techniques. It focuses on the mathematical and computational foundations of image generation and processing rather than purely aesthetic issues. Computer graphics is often differentiated from the field of visualization, altho... | Graphics processing | 0.784829 |
80,792 | There are several international conferences and journals where the most significant results in computer graphics are published. Among them are the SIGGRAPH and Eurographics conferences and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Transactions on Graphics journal. The joint Eurographics and ACM SIGGRAPH symposium s... | Graphics processing | 0.784829 |
80,793 | Recently, Eulerian surface descriptions (i.e., where spatial samples are fixed) such as level sets have been developed into a useful representation for deforming surfaces which undergo many topological changes (with fluids being the most notable example).Geometry subfields include: Implicit surface modeling – an older ... | Graphics processing | 0.784829 |
80,794 | A broad classification of major subfields in computer graphics might be: Geometry: ways to represent and process surfaces Animation: ways to represent and manipulate motion Rendering: algorithms to reproduce light transport Imaging: image acquisition or image editing | Graphics processing | 0.784829 |
80,795 | Computer graphics is a sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content. Although the term often refers to the study of three-dimensional computer graphics, it also encompasses two-dimensional graphics and image processing. | Graphics processing | 0.784829 |
80,796 | The relation of free probability with random matrices is a key reason for the wide use of free probability in other subjects. Voiculescu introduced the concept of freeness around 1983 in an operator algebraic context; at the beginning there was no relation at all with random matrices. This connection was only revealed ... | Gaussian unitary ensemble | 0.784828 |
80,797 | In number theory, the distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta function (and other L-functions) is modeled by the distribution of eigenvalues of certain random matrices. The connection was first discovered by Hugh Montgomery and Freeman Dyson. It is connected to the Hilbert–Pólya conjecture. | Gaussian unitary ensemble | 0.784828 |
80,798 | Synchronous logic elements such as flip-flops have static timing criteria that must be satisfied in order for them to work correctly. In a system-synchronous clock topology where a skew-aligned clock is fed to all devices, the criteria are T c l o c k > T s e t u p + T k o + T s k e w {\displaystyle T_{clock}>T_{setup}... | Source-synchronous | 0.784826 |
80,799 | Source-Synchronous clocking refers to a technique used for timing symbols on a digital interface. Specifically, it refers to the technique of having the transmitting device send a clock signal along with the data signals. The timing of the unidirectional data signals is referenced to the clock (often called the strobe)... | Source-synchronous | 0.784826 |
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