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86,100 | This type of bus system is far less exposed to problem of low on time performance statistics than regular bus services. Trying to get to the school on time can be a big hassle for drivers. This results in 76 percent of schools in Ontario and Quebec to have late departures by chance not choice. | Schedule adherence | 0.782676 |
86,101 | On bus services, performance measures are substantially less clear for bus services. Performance can be calculated for each and every stop. But another method that saves resources is to calculate on time performance for only the start and end of the bus route, which can produce meaningful statistics. One problem with t... | Schedule adherence | 0.782676 |
86,102 | In molecular biology, the protein domain Sushi 2 is also known as the fifth protein domain of beta-2 glycoprotein 1 (β2-GP1). This protein domain is only found in eukaryotes. The first four domains found in Apolipoprotein H resemble each other, however the fifth one appears to be different. | Apolipoprotein H | 0.782676 |
86,103 | In organic chemistry, thioenols (also known as alkenethiols) are alkenes with a thiol group (−SH) affixed to one of the carbon atoms composing the double bond (i.e. C=C−SH). They are the sulfur analogs of enols (hence the thio- prefix). Alkenes with a thiol group on both atoms of the double bond are called enedithiols. | Thioenol | 0.782673 |
86,104 | The lateral force L results not only from centrifugal effects, but a large component is from the crabbing of a wheelset which has a non-zero angle of attack during running with flange contact. The L/V excess can result from wheel unloading, or from improper rail or wheel tread profiles. The physics of this is more full... | Derailment | 0.782671 |
86,105 | The wheel flange will climb to the rail head where there is no lateral resistance in rolling movement, and a flange climbing derailment usually takes place. In Diagram 5 the flange contact angle is quite steep, and flange climbing is unlikely. However, if the rail head is side-worn (side-cut) or the flange is worn, as ... | Derailment | 0.782671 |
86,106 | Generated statistics do not differentiate between human visitors and robots. As a result, all reported metrics are higher than those due to people alone. Many webmasters claim that webalizer produces highly unrealistic figures of visits, which are sometimes 200 to 900% higher than the data produced by Javascript based ... | Webalizer | 0.782671 |
86,107 | The Webalizer is web log analysis software, which generates web pages of analysis, from access and usage logs. It is one of the most commonly used web server administration tools. It was initiated by Bradford L. Barrett in 1997. Statistics commonly reported by Webalizer include hits, visits, referrers, the visitors' co... | Webalizer | 0.782671 |
86,108 | Sodium nitroprusside is often used as a reference compound for the calibration of Mössbauer spectrometers. Sodium nitroprusside crystals are also of interest for optical storage. For this application, sodium nitroprusside can be reversibly promoted to a metastable excited state by blue-green light, and de-excited by he... | Nitroprusside reaction | 0.782669 |
86,109 | The test, called Simon's test, is performed by adding 1 volume of a solution of sodium nitroprusside and acetaldehyde in deionized water to a suspected drug, followed by the addition of 2 volumes of an aqueous sodium carbonate solution. The test turns blue for some secondary amines. The most common secondary amines enc... | Nitroprusside reaction | 0.782669 |
86,110 | Thanks to modern chipset architecture, the structure of computers is slowly changing from bus-based interconnections between interface controllers to a star topology built up of serial point-to-point connections. CompactPCI Serial incorporates this star architecture: one system slot can control up to eight peripheral s... | CompactPCI Serial | 0.782668 |
86,111 | The mechanical specification of PICMG CPCI-S.0 CompactPCI Serial is 100% compliant with PICMG 2.0 CompactPCI except for its new backplane connectors. Since the two standards have a different topology, there is no direct "bus compatibility". For this reason, PICMG has also created an extension to CompactPCI: PICMG 2.30 ... | CompactPCI Serial | 0.782668 |
86,112 | Fast serial point-to-point connections have become the state-of-the-art technology and are gradually replacing the classic bus architecture in computers. The CompactPCI standard as it is now does not offer a standardized solution for the kind of modular, serial connectivity requested for the future. This is why Compact... | CompactPCI Serial | 0.782668 |
86,113 | Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediment is deposited out of air, ice, wind, gravity, or water flows carrying the particles in suspension. This sediment is often formed when weathering and erosion break down a rock into loose material in a source area. The material is then transported from the source area to the depo... | Sedimentary rocks | 0.782664 |
86,114 | Soon after Laszlo founded systems philosophy it was placed in context by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, one of the founders of general system theory, when he categorized three domains within systemics namely: "Systems science", which is concerned with "scientific exploration and theory of "systems" in the various sciences...a... | Systems philosophy | 0.782661 |
86,115 | In C++, although individual bools typically occupy the same space as a byte or an integer, the STL type vector is a partial template specialization in which bits are packed as a space efficiency optimization. Since bytes (and not bits) are the smallest addressable unit in C++, the operator does not return a reference ... | Bit string | 0.78266 |
86,116 | If f {\displaystyle f} is a function of real numbers with values in a Hilbert space X , {\displaystyle X,} then the derivative of f {\displaystyle f} at a point t {\displaystyle t} can be defined as in the finite-dimensional case: Most results of the finite-dimensional case also hold in the infinite-dimensional case to... | Infinite-dimensional-vector-valued function | 0.782659 |
86,117 | An infinite-dimensional vector function is a function whose values lie in an infinite-dimensional topological vector space, such as a Hilbert space or a Banach space. Such functions are applied in most sciences including physics. | Infinite-dimensional-vector-valued function | 0.782659 |
86,118 | Set f k ( t ) = t / k 2 {\displaystyle f_{k}(t)=t/k^{2}} for every positive integer k {\displaystyle k} and every real number t . {\displaystyle t.} Then the function f {\displaystyle f} defined by the formula takes values that lie in the infinite-dimensional vector space X {\displaystyle X} (or R N {\displaystyle \mat... | Infinite-dimensional-vector-valued function | 0.782659 |
86,119 | As a consequence, the Rachev ratio is always well-defined. In the ex-ante analysis, optimal portfolio problems based on the Rachev ratio are, generally, numerically hard to solve because the Rachev ratio is a fraction of two CVaRs which are convex functions of portfolio weights. In effect, the Rachev ratio, if viewed a... | Rachev ratio | 0.782657 |
86,120 | The Applied Inorganic Chemistry Award, established in 2008, is conferred biennially by the Dalton division of the Royal Society of Chemistry for "outstanding contributions to the development of any branch of inorganic chemistry which has an application in industry." The winner gives a lecture tour in the UK, and receiv... | Applied Inorganic Chemistry Award | 0.782656 |
86,121 | The GHR gene is used in animals as a nuclear DNA phylogenetic marker. The exon 10 has first been experienced to explore the phylogeny of the major groups of Rodentia. GHR has also proven useful at lower taxonomic levels, e.g., in octodontoid, arvicoline, muroid, murine, and peromyscine rodents, in arctoid and felid car... | Growth hormone receptor | 0.782655 |
86,122 | 3-D printing involves the production of a 3-dimensional object through the layering of material. There are a variety of 3-D printing techniques, all of which come with their own advantages and disadvantages which should be considered when creating an individualized implant. The production of these drug eluting implants... | Drug-eluting implant | 0.782655 |
86,123 | In 1961 he discovered Landauer's principle, that in any logically irreversible operation that manipulates information, such as erasing a bit of memory, entropy increases and an associated amount of energy is dissipated as heat. This principle is relevant to reversible computing, quantum information and quantum computin... | Rolf Landauer | 0.782655 |
86,124 | Rolf William Landauer (February 4, 1927 – April 27, 1999) was a German-American physicist who made important contributions in diverse areas of the thermodynamics of information processing, condensed matter physics, and the conductivity of disordered media. Born in Germany, he emigrated to the U.S. in 1938, obtained a P... | Rolf Landauer | 0.782655 |
86,125 | Fellow, IEEE Member, National Academy of Engineering Member, National Academy of Sciences Member, European Academy of Sciences and Arts Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Honorary doctorate, Technion in Israel 1991 Scott Lecturer at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University 1992 Stuart Ballantine Meda... | Rolf Landauer | 0.782655 |
86,126 | Several Borromean nuclei such as 9Be and the Hoyle state (an excited resonance in 12C) play an important role in nuclear astrophysics. Namely, these are three-body systems whose unbound components (formed from 4He) are intermediate steps in the triple-alpha process; this limits the rate of production of heavier element... | Borromean nucleus | 0.782655 |
86,127 | In statistics and econometrics, a cross-sectional regression is a type of regression in which the explained and explanatory variables are all associated with the same single period or point in time. This type of cross-sectional analysis is in contrast to a time-series regression or longitudinal regression in which the ... | Cross-sectional regression | 0.782655 |
86,128 | The Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) was a collection of scientists who worked toward the understanding of human Y chromosomal phylogenetics and evolution. The consortium had the following objectives: web resources that communicate information relating to the non-recombinant region of the Y-chromosome including new varian... | Y Chromosome Consortium | 0.782654 |
86,129 | Sercos I was released in 1991. The transmission medium used is optical fiber. The data rates supported are 2 and 4 Mbit/s, and cyclic update rates as low as 62.5 microseconds. A ring topology is used. | SERCOS interface | 0.782654 |
86,130 | In the field of Industrial Control Systems, the interfacing of various control components must provide means to coordinate the signals and commands sent between control modules. While tight coordination is desirable for discrete inputs and outputs, it is especially important in motion controls, where directing the move... | SERCOS interface | 0.782654 |
86,131 | Optionally, a balance of system may include any or all of the following: renewable energy credit revenue-grade meter, maximum power point tracker (MPPT), battery system and charger, GNSS solar tracker, energy management software, solar irradiance sensors, anemometer, or task-specific accessories designed to meet specia... | Solar PV power system | 0.782653 |
86,132 | One of the applications of cyclic homology is to find new proofs and generalizations of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. Among these generalizations are index theorems based on spectral triples and deformation quantization of Poisson structures.An elliptic operator D on a compact smooth manifold defines a class in K ho... | Cyclic cohomology | 0.782653 |
86,133 | In noncommutative geometry and related branches of mathematics, cyclic homology and cyclic cohomology are certain (co)homology theories for associative algebras which generalize the de Rham (co)homology of manifolds. These notions were independently introduced by Boris Tsygan (homology) and Alain Connes (cohomology) in... | Cyclic cohomology | 0.782653 |
86,134 | In probability theory and statistics, the covariance function describes how much two random variables change together (their covariance) with varying spatial or temporal separation. For a random field or stochastic process Z(x) on a domain D, a covariance function C(x, y) gives the covariance of the values of the rando... | Spatial covariance function | 0.782653 |
86,135 | If the fields are factorized too, then the conformal blocks factorize as well, and the factors are called Virasoro conformal blocks. Left-moving Virasoro conformal blocks are locally holomorphic functions of the fields' positions z i {\displaystyle z_{i}} ; right-moving Virasoro conformal blocks are the same functions ... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,136 | The sums are over representations of the conformal algebra that appear in the CFT's spectrum. OPEs involve sums over the spectrum, i.e. over representations and over states in representations, but the sums over states are absorbed in the conformal blocks. In two dimensions, the symmetry algebra factorizes into two copi... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,137 | In a theory whose symmetry algebra is larger than the Virasoro algebra, for example a WZW model or a theory with W-symmetry, correlation functions can in principle be decomposed into Virasoro conformal blocks, but that decomposition typically involves too many terms to be useful. Instead, it is possible to use conforma... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,138 | The recursion relation for H Δ ( { Δ i } | q ) {\displaystyle H_{\Delta }(\{\Delta _{i}\}|q)} can be solved, giving rise to an explicit (but impractical) formula.While the coefficients of the power series H Δ ( { Δ i } | q ) {\displaystyle H_{\Delta }(\{\Delta _{i}\}|q)} need not be positive in unitary theories, the co... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,139 | Any linear holomorphic equation that is obeyed by a correlation function, must also hold for the corresponding conformal blocks. In addition, specific bases of conformal blocks come with extra properties that are not inherited from the correlation function. Conformal blocks that involve only primary fields have relativ... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,140 | A zero-point block does not depend on field positions, but it depends on the moduli of the underlying Riemann surface. In the case of the torus C Z + τ Z , {\displaystyle {\frac {\mathbb {C} }{\mathbb {Z} +\tau \mathbb {Z} }},} that dependence is better written through q = e 2 π i τ {\displaystyle q=e^{2\pi i\tau }} an... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,141 | The definition from OPEs leads to an expression for an s-channel four-point conformal block as a sum over states in the s-channel representation, of the type F Δ s (s) ( { Δ i } | z ) = z Δ s − Δ 1 − Δ 2 ∑ L , L ′ z | L | f 12 s L Q L , L ′ s f 43 s L ′ . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}_{\Delta _{s}}^{\text{(s)}}(\{\Delt... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,142 | The Virasoro conformal blocks that are described in this article are associated to a certain type of representations of the Virasoro algebra: highest-weight representations, in other words Verma modules and their cosets. Correlation functions that involve other types of representations give rise to other types of confo... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,143 | In two-dimensional conformal field theory, Virasoro conformal blocks (named after Miguel Ángel Virasoro) are special functions that serve as building blocks of correlation functions. On a given punctured Riemann surface, Virasoro conformal blocks form a particular basis of the space of solutions of the conformal Ward i... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,144 | The Alday–Gaiotto–Tachikawa relation between two-dimensional conformal field theory and supersymmetric gauge theory, more specifically, between the conformal blocks of Liouville theory and Nekrasov partition functions of supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions, leads to combinatorial expressions for conformal ... | Virasoro conformal block | 0.782652 |
86,145 | In nuclear electronics, a microstrip detector is a particle detector that consists of a large number of identical semiconductor strips laid out along one axis of a two-dimensional structure, generally by lithography. The geometrical layout of the components allows to accurately reconstruct the track of an incoming part... | Microstrip detector | 0.782651 |
86,146 | The Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect (often referred to as the matter effect) is a particle physics process which modifies neutrino oscillations in matter of varying density. The MSW effect is broadly analogous to the differential retardation of sound waves in density-variable media, however it also involves the pro... | Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect | 0.782649 |
86,147 | Design of complicated 3D microstructure can be highly challenging task for development of novel materials for optics, biotechnology and micro/nano electronics. 3D materials can be fabricated using a lot of methods like two-photon photolithography, interference lithography and molding. But 3D structuring using these tec... | 3D microfabrication | 0.782648 |
86,148 | Multiphoton lithography can be used to 3D print structures with sub-micrometer resolution. The process uses the focal point of a laser to photopolymerize the resin or glass at a specific point. By moving the focal point around in three dimensional space and solidifying the medium at different points, the desired geomet... | 3D microfabrication | 0.782648 |
86,149 | This toolpath is then followed by a mechanical system to produce the desired geometry. A popular application is stereolithography (SLA), which involves the use of a UV light or laser beam on a surface to create a layer, which are then lowered into a tank so that a new layer can be formed on top. Another commonly used m... | 3D microfabrication | 0.782648 |
86,150 | In molecular biology, FMR1 antisense RNA 1 (FMR1-AS1), also known as ASFMR1 or FMR4, is a long non-coding RNA. The FMR1-AS1 gene overlaps, and is antisense to, the CGG repeat region of the FMR1 gene. Its expression is upregulated in fragile X syndrome premutation carriers, and silenced in patients with fragile X syndro... | FMR1-AS1 gene | 0.782646 |
86,151 | Because the curve is rational, it can be parametrized by rational functions. For instance, if a=1 and b=2, then x = − t 2 − 2 t + 5 t 2 − 2 t − 3 , y = t 2 − 2 t + 5 2 t − 2 {\displaystyle x=-{\frac {t^{2}-2t+5}{t^{2}-2t-3}},\quad y={\frac {t^{2}-2t+5}{2t-2}}} parametrizes the points on the curve outside of the excepti... | Bicuspid curve | 0.782645 |
86,152 | The cruciform curve, or cross curve is a quartic plane curve given by the equation x 2 y 2 − b 2 x 2 − a 2 y 2 = 0 {\displaystyle x^{2}y^{2}-b^{2}x^{2}-a^{2}y^{2}=0\,} where a and b are two parameters determining the shape of the curve. The cruciform curve is related by a standard quadratic transformation, x ↦ 1/x, y ↦... | Bicuspid curve | 0.782645 |
86,153 | The Journal of Interconnection Networks was established in 2000 and is published by World Scientific. It covers the field of interconnection networks from theory and analysis to design and implementation, as well as corresponding issues of communication, computing and function. This includes topics structures and funct... | Journal of Interconnection Networks | 0.782644 |
86,154 | Sagredo then asks Salviati to explain how the Copernican system explains the seasons and inequalities of night and day. This he does with the aid of a diagram showing the position of the Earth in the four seasons. He points out how much simpler it is than the Ptolemaic system. But Simplicio thinks Aristotle was wise to... | Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems | 0.782642 |
86,155 | The bulk of Galileo's arguments may be divided into three classes: Rebuttals to the objections raised by traditional philosophers; for example, the thought experiment on the ship. Observations that are incompatible with the Ptolemaic model: the phases of Venus, for instance, which simply could not happen, or the appare... | Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems | 0.782642 |
86,156 | In number theory, Chebyshev's bias is the phenomenon that most of the time, there are more primes of the form 4k + 3 than of the form 4k + 1, up to the same limit. This phenomenon was first observed by Russian mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1853. | Chebyshev's bias | 0.782641 |
86,157 | The Burton process is a thermal cracking process invented by William Merriam Burton and Robert E. Humphreys, both of whom held a PhD in chemistry from Johns Hopkins University. The process they developed is commonly referred to as the Burton process. However, it should be recognized as the Burton-Humphreys process, as ... | Burton process | 0.78264 |
86,158 | 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane is the organosilicon compound with the formula O(SiMe2CH=CH2)2 (Me = methyl). Usually referred to as tetramethyldivinyldisiloxane, it is a colorless liquid that is employed as a ligand in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. The ligand is a component of Karstedt'... | 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane | 0.782636 |
86,159 | The indexing operation is fast and low cost to implement. RapidIO switches support a standard programming model for the routing table, which simplifies system control. The RapidIO transport layer supports any network topology, from simple trees and meshes to n-dimensional hypercubes, multi-dimensional toroids, and more... | Serial RapidIO | 0.782636 |
86,160 | The RapidIO specification revision 2.2 was released in May 2011. The RapidIO specification revision 3.0 (10xN Gen3), was released in October 2013, has the following changes and improvements compared to the 2.x specifications: Based on industry-standard Ethernet 10GBASE-KR electrical specifications for short (20 cm + co... | Serial RapidIO | 0.782636 |
86,161 | Systems with a known topology can be initialized in a system specific manner without affecting interoperability. The RapidIO system initialization specification supports system initialization when system topology is unknown or dynamic. System initialization algorithms support the presence of redundant hosts, so system ... | Serial RapidIO | 0.782636 |
86,162 | The team then started work on a radio-clear version using fiberglass reinforced plastic.While they worked on the design, the Division of Electrical Engineering was working on a production radio system. After about two years of development, everything was ready and the first experimental CPI was assembled. Among the man... | Crash position indicator | 0.782636 |
86,163 | Vinogradov's original theorem of 1935 showed that for fixed s , k {\displaystyle s,k} with s ≥ k 2 log ( k 2 + k ) + 1 4 k 2 + 5 4 k + 1 {\displaystyle s\geq k^{2}\log(k^{2}+k)+{\frac {1}{4}}k^{2}+{\frac {5}{4}}k+1} there exists a positive constant D ( s , k ) {\displaystyle D(s,k)} such that J s , k ( X ) ≤ D ( s , ... | Vinogradov's mean-value theorem | 0.782635 |
86,164 | {\displaystyle J_{s,k}(X)\ll X^{2s-{\frac {1}{2}}k(k+1)+\epsilon }.} Similarly if s ≤ 1 2 k ( k + 1 ) {\displaystyle s\leq {\frac {1}{2}}k(k+1)} the conjectural form is equivalent to the bound J s , k ( X ) ≪ X s + ϵ . {\displaystyle J_{s,k}(X)\ll X^{s+\epsilon }.} Stronger forms of the theorem lead to an asymptotic ex... | Vinogradov's mean-value theorem | 0.782635 |
86,165 | The main conjecture of Vinogradov's mean value theorem was that the upper bound is close to this lower bound. More specifically that for any ϵ > 0 {\displaystyle \epsilon >0} we have J s , k ( X ) ≪ X s + ϵ + X 2 s − 1 2 k ( k + 1 ) + ϵ . {\displaystyle J_{s,k}(X)\ll X^{s+\epsilon }+X^{2s-{\frac {1}{2}}k(k+1)+\epsilon ... | Vinogradov's mean-value theorem | 0.782635 |
86,166 | A strong estimate for J s , k ( X ) {\displaystyle J_{s,k}(X)} is an important part of the Hardy-Littlewood method for attacking Waring's problem and also for demonstrating a zero free region for the Riemann zeta-function in the critical strip. Various bounds have been produced for J s , k ( X ) {\displaystyle J_{s,k}(... | Vinogradov's mean-value theorem | 0.782635 |
86,167 | {\displaystyle f_{k}(\mathbf {\alpha } ;X)=\sum _{1\leq x\leq X}\exp(2\pi i(\alpha _{1}x+\cdots +\alpha _{k}x^{k})).} Vinogradov's mean-value theorem gives an upper bound on the value of J s , k ( X ) {\displaystyle J_{s,k}(X)} . | Vinogradov's mean-value theorem | 0.782635 |
86,168 | In mathematics, Vinogradov's mean value theorem is an estimate for the number of equal sums of powers. It is an important inequality in analytic number theory, named for I. M. Vinogradov. More specifically, let J s , k ( X ) {\displaystyle J_{s,k}(X)} count the number of solutions to the system of k {\displaystyle k} s... | Vinogradov's mean-value theorem | 0.782635 |
86,169 | Malliavin calculus provides a theory of differentiation for random variables defined over Wiener space, including an integration by parts formula (Nualart 2006). | Itō process | 0.782632 |
86,170 | Itô's lemma is the version of the chain rule or change of variables formula which applies to the Itô integral. It is one of the most powerful and frequently used theorems in stochastic calculus. For a continuous n-dimensional semimartingale X = (X1,...,Xn) and twice continuously differentiable function f from Rn to R, ... | Itō process | 0.782632 |
86,171 | The following result allows to express martingales as Itô integrals: if M is a square-integrable martingale on a time interval with respect to the filtration generated by a Brownian motion B, then there is a unique adapted square integrable process α on such that M t = M 0 + ∫ 0 t α s d B s {\displaystyle M_{t}=M_{0}... | Itō process | 0.782632 |
86,172 | However, it is inadequate for other important topics such as martingale representation theorems and local times. The integral extends to all predictable and locally bounded integrands, in a unique way, such that the dominated convergence theorem holds. That is, if Hn → ;H and |Hn| ≤ J for a locally bounded process J, t... | Itō process | 0.782632 |
86,173 | This limit converges in probability. The stochastic integral of left-continuous processes is general enough for studying much of stochastic calculus. For example, it is sufficient for applications of Itô's Lemma, changes of measure via Girsanov's theorem, and for the study of stochastic differential equations. | Itō process | 0.782632 |
86,174 | Keane returns to his attic to try to fix his proof, while his "math widow" wife is frustrated. Fermat continues to taunt Keane, but he is invisible and inaudible to Anna, and the three dance a "bizarre tango à trois" while Anna is confused by Keane talking to Fermat. The other mathematicians from the Aftermath, after n... | Fermat's Last Tango | 0.782631 |
86,175 | The plot is based on the story of the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Andrew Wiles, whose name is changed to "Daniel Keane" in the musical. After seven years of isolation in his attic, Keane believes he has found a proof of the theorem. The musical starts with a press conference, where Keane explains his proof to rep... | Fermat's Last Tango | 0.782631 |
86,176 | Fermat's Last Tango is a 2000 off-Broadway musical about the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, written by husband and wife Joshua Rosenblum (music, lyrics) and Joanne Sydney Lessner (book, lyrics). The musical presents a fictionalized version of the real life story of Andrew Wiles, and has been praised for the accuracy o... | Fermat's Last Tango | 0.782631 |
86,177 | Rosenblum and Lessner started working on Fermat's Last Tango in December 1996, after Rosenblum had read a review of Amir Aczel's book Fermat's Last Theorem. Originally planned as an opera, it turned into a musical during the writing process, but operatic elements remained. The original working title had been Proof, but... | Fermat's Last Tango | 0.782631 |
86,178 | "In his book Dr. Riemann's Zeros: The Search for the $1 Million Solution to the Greatest Problem in Mathematics, journalist Karl Sabbagh wrote about seeing a performance of Fermat's Last Tango after meeting Andrew Wiles at Princeton. He described the Daniel Keane in the musical as "an accurate portrayal of Wiles" and s... | Fermat's Last Tango | 0.782631 |
86,179 | In mathematical analysis, the characteristic variety of a microdifferential operator P is an algebraic variety that is the zero set of the principal symbol of P in the cotangent bundle. It is invariant under a quantized contact transformation. The notion is also defined more generally in commutative algebra. A basic th... | Characteristic variety | 0.78263 |
86,180 | Solar Cookers International won an Ashden Award in 2002 for their work with solar cookers in Kenya. In August 2006, SCI was the winner of the World Renewable Energy Award. SCI was named as a winner in the Keeling Curve Prize for sustainable planet solutions in August 2021. SCI won for its work “improving human and envi... | Water Pasteurization Indicator | 0.78263 |
86,181 | Products made from components of low Weibull modulus will exhibit low reliability and their strengths will be broadly distributed. Test procedures for determining the Weibull modulus are specified in DIN EN 843-5 and DIN 51 110-3. A further method to determine the strength of brittle materials has been described by the... | Weibull modulus | 0.782629 |
86,182 | Intentional damage by human terrorists is often the first concern in assessing threats to the U.S. power supply; some cybersecurity experts believe a country's infrastructure, such as its power grid, is a likely terrorist target. But according to the security researcher Cris Thomas, also known by the pseudonym Space Ro... | Electrical disruptions caused by squirrels | 0.782629 |
86,183 | When modeling a problem by polynomial equations, it is often assumed that some quantities are non-zero, so as to avoid degenerate cases. For example, when dealing with triangles, many properties become false if the triangle degenerates to a line segment, i.e. the length of one side is equal to the sum of the lengths of... | Gröbner basis | 0.782628 |
86,184 | On the other hand, if all polynomials in the reduced Gröbner basis a homogeneous ideal have a degree of at most D, the Gröbner basis can be computed by linear algebra on the vector space of polynomials of degree less than 2D, which has a dimension O ( D n ) . {\displaystyle O(D^{n}).} So, the complexity of this computa... | Gröbner basis | 0.782628 |
86,185 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-4-3 hexagonal honeycomb or 6,4,3 honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an order-4 hexagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere. The Schläfli symbol o... | Order-4-3 pentagonal honeycomb | 0.782627 |
86,186 | Hugh Woodin states it as: Theorem 3.33 (Jensen). One of the following holds. (1) Suppose λ is a singular cardinal. Then λ is singular in L and its successor cardinal is its successor cardinal in L. (2) Every uncountable cardinal is inaccessible in L. | Jensen's covering theorem | 0.782626 |
86,187 | The converse of Jensen's covering theorem is also true: if 0# exists then the countable set of all cardinals less than ℵ ω {\displaystyle \aleph _{\omega }} cannot be covered by a constructible set of cardinality less than ℵ ω {\displaystyle \aleph _{\omega }} . In his book Proper Forcing, Shelah proved a strong form o... | Jensen's covering theorem | 0.782626 |
86,188 | In set theory, Jensen's covering theorem states that if 0# does not exist then every uncountable set of ordinals is contained in a constructible set of the same cardinality. Informally this conclusion says that the constructible universe is close to the universe of all sets. The first proof appeared in (Devlin & Jensen... | Jensen's covering theorem | 0.782626 |
86,189 | The ARMF-I, a reactor located in a small pool in a building east of the MTR in the Test Reactor Area, was used to determine the nuclear characteristics of reactor fuels and other materials subject to testing in the MTR. Together with the MTR, the reactor helped improve the performance, reliability, and quality of react... | ARMF-I | 0.782625 |
86,190 | Furthermore, quinolinic acid results in changes of the biochemistry and structure of the astrocytes themselves, resulting in an apoptotic response. A loss of astrocytes results in a pro-inflammatory effect, further increasing the initial inflammatory response which initiates quinolinic acid production.Quinolinic acid c... | Quinolinic acid | 0.782625 |
86,191 | Young-Earth creationism (YEC) involves the religiously based belief that God created the Earth within the last 10,000 years, literally as described in Genesis, within the approximate timeframe of biblical genealogies (detailed - for example - in the Ussher chronology). Young-Earth creationists often believe that the un... | Creation–evolution controversy | 0.782624 |
86,192 | In biology, macroevolution refers to evolution at and above the species level, including most of fossil history and much of systematics. Microevolution refers to the process in evolution within populations, including adaptive and neutral evolution. However, there is no fundamental distinction between these processes; s... | Creation–evolution controversy | 0.782624 |
86,193 | The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the largest association of scientists in the U.S., has 120,000 members, and firmly rejects ID. More than 70,000 Australian scientists "...urge all Australian governments and educators not to permit the teaching or promulgation of ID as science." National C... | Creation–evolution controversy | 0.782624 |
86,194 | The same result of Bartle-Graves-Michael applied to X {\displaystyle X} gives a homeomorphism for some Fréchet space Z . {\displaystyle Z.} From Kadec's result the countable product of infinite-dimensional separable Banach spaces X {\displaystyle X} is homeomorphic to R N . {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{\mathbb {N} }.} ... | Anderson–Kadec theorem | 0.782624 |
86,195 | In the argument below E {\displaystyle E} denotes an infinite-dimensional separable Fréchet space and ≃ {\displaystyle \simeq } the relation of topological equivalence (existence of homeomorphism). A starting point of the proof of the Anderson–Kadec theorem is Kadec's proof that any infinite-dimensional separable Banac... | Anderson–Kadec theorem | 0.782624 |
86,196 | Under the former Queensland state government of Joh Bjelke-Petersen, in the 1980s Queensland allowed the teaching of creationism in secondary schools. In 2010, the Queensland state government introduced the topic of creationism into school classes within the "ancient history" subject where its origins and nature are di... | Creation–evolution controversy | 0.782624 |
86,197 | At the beginning of the 19th century debate had started to develop over applying historical methods to Biblical criticism, suggesting a less literal account of the Bible. Simultaneously, the developing science of geology indicated the Earth was ancient, and religious thinkers sought to accommodate this by day-age creat... | Creation–evolution controversy | 0.782624 |
86,198 | In the landmark Kitzmiller v. Dover, the purported basis of scientific creationism was judged to be a wholly religious construct without scientific merit. The Catholic Church holds no official position on creation or evolution (see Evolution and the Catholic Church). However, Pope Francis has stated: "God is not a demi... | Creation–evolution controversy | 0.782624 |
86,199 | Christian fundamentalists reject the evidence of common descent of humans and other animals as demonstrated in modern paleontology, genetics, histology and cladistics and those other sub-disciplines which are based upon the conclusions of modern evolutionary biology, geology, cosmology, and other related fields. They a... | Creation–evolution controversy | 0.782624 |
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