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86,700 | Choose an elliptic curve E defined over a field K, and an integer n > 0 (we require n to be coprime to char(K) if char(K) > 0) such that K contains a primitive nth root of unity. Then the n-torsion on E ( K ¯ ) {\displaystyle E({\overline {K}})} is known to be a Cartesian product of two cyclic groups of order n. The We... | Weil pairing | 0.782402 |
86,701 | In mathematics, the Weil pairing is a pairing (bilinear form, though with multiplicative notation) on the points of order dividing n of an elliptic curve E, taking values in nth roots of unity. More generally there is a similar Weil pairing between points of order n of an abelian variety and its dual. It was introduced... | Weil pairing | 0.782402 |
86,702 | Unlike negative staining, positive staining uses basic dyes to color the specimen against a bright background. While chromophore is used for both negative and positive staining alike, the type of chromophore used in this technique is a positively charged ion instead of a negative one. The negatively charged cell wall o... | Vital dye | 0.7824 |
86,703 | Iodine is one component in the staining technique known as Gram staining, used in microbiology. Used as a mordant in Gram's staining, iodine enhances the entrance of the dye through the pores present in the cell wall/membrane. Lugol's solution or Lugol's iodine (IKI) is a brown solution that turns black in the presence... | Vital dye | 0.7824 |
86,704 | Iodine is used in chemistry as an indicator for starch. When starch is mixed with iodine in solution, an intensely dark blue colour develops, representing a starch/iodine complex. Starch is a substance common to most plant cells and so a weak iodine solution will stain starch present in the cells. | Vital dye | 0.7824 |
86,705 | Any organism that produces a resting stage can be used for resurrection ecology. However, the most frequently used organism is the water flea, Daphnia. This genus has well-established protocols for lab experimentation and usually asexually reproduces allowing for experiments on many individuals with the same genotype. ... | Resurrection ecology | 0.782397 |
86,706 | The lake has undergone a considerable amount of change over the last 100 years including flooding by copper mine debris, dredging, and eutrophication. Others have used this technique to explore the evolutionary effects of eutrophication, predation, and metal contamination. Resurrection ecology provided the best empiric... | Resurrection ecology | 0.782397 |
86,707 | "Resurrection ecology" is an evolutionary biology technique whereby researchers hatch dormant eggs from lake sediments to study animals as they existed decades ago. It is a new approach that might allow scientists to observe evolution as it occurred, by comparing the animal forms hatched from older eggs with their exta... | Resurrection ecology | 0.782397 |
86,708 | In mathematics, the limit of a function is a fundamental concept in calculus and analysis concerning the behavior of that function near a particular input. Formal definitions, first devised in the early 19th century, are given below. Informally, a function f assigns an output f(x) to every input x. We say that the func... | Algebraic limit theorem | 0.782394 |
86,709 | Power steering helps the driver of a vehicle to steer by directing some of its engine power to assist in swiveling the steered road wheels about their steering axes. As vehicles have become heavier and switched to front-wheel drive, particularly using negative offset geometry, along with increases in tire width and dia... | Rear-wheel steering | 0.782394 |
86,710 | In physics, a one-loop Feynman diagram is a connected Feynman diagram with only one cycle (unicyclic). Such a diagram can be obtained from a connected tree diagram by taking two external lines of the same type and joining them together into an edge. Diagrams with loops (in graph theory, these kinds of loops are called ... | One-loop Feynman diagram | 0.782394 |
86,711 | The author claims the method enables researchers in every discipline to develop research tools at low costs following his previous research in open-source hardware published in Science. These claims have been generally supported by others using the techniques, such as those in the DIYbio community. While discussing the... | Open-Source Lab (book) | 0.782393 |
86,712 | The Guardian discusses how ideas in the Open-Source Lab could enable 3D printing to offer developing-world scientists savings on replica lab kits. The Open-Source Lab book has been covered extensively by the media. It was one of the top books chosen by Shareable for "New Books About Sharing, Cities and Happiness".The b... | Open-Source Lab (book) | 0.782393 |
86,713 | In the field of search engine optimization (SEO), link building describes actions aimed at increasing the number and quality of inbound links to a webpage with the goal of increasing the search engine rankings of that page or website. Briefly, link building is the process of establishing relevant hyperlinks (usually ca... | Link popularity | 0.78239 |
86,714 | Website owners often submit their sites to reciprocal link exchange directories in order to achieve higher rankings in the search engines. Reciprocal linking between websites is no longer an important part of the search engine optimization process. In 2005, with their Jagger 2 update, Google stopped giving credit to re... | Link popularity | 0.78239 |
86,715 | In organic chemistry, alkyl nitrites are a group of organic compounds based upon the molecular structure R−O−N=O, where R represents an alkyl group. Formally they are alkyl esters of nitrous acid. They are distinct from nitro compounds (R−NO2). The first few members of the series are volatile liquids; methyl nitrite an... | Alkyl nitrite | 0.782387 |
86,716 | Sympatric speciation is the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region. In evolutionary biology and biogeography, sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organisms whose ranges overlap so that they occur together at least in some places.... | Sympatric speciation | 0.782386 |
86,717 | Isolated and relatively homogeneous habitats such as crater lakes and islands are among the best geographical settings in which to demonstrate sympatric speciation. For example, Nicaragua crater lake cichlid fishes include nine described species and dozens of undescribed species that have evolved by sympatric speciatio... | Sympatric speciation | 0.782386 |
86,718 | Micro-allopatry is included as sympatry according to spatial definitions, but, as it does not satisfy panmixia, it is not considered sympatry according to population genetics definitions.Mallet et al. (2002) claims that the new non-spatial definition is lacking in an ability to settle the debate about whether sympatric... | Sympatric speciation | 0.782386 |
86,719 | Population genetics definitions, also known as non-spatial definitions, thus require the real possibility for random mating, and do not always agree with spatial definitions on what is and what is not sympatry. For example, micro-allopatry, also known as macro-sympatry, is a condition where there are two populations wh... | Sympatric speciation | 0.782386 |
86,720 | As a strictly geographical concept, sympatric speciation is defined as one species diverging into two while the ranges of both nascent species overlap entirely – this definition is not specific enough about the original population to be useful in modeling.Definitions based on population genetics are not necessarily spa... | Sympatric speciation | 0.782386 |
86,721 | It is more useful to think of a continuum, on which there are limitless levels of geographic and reproductive overlap between species. On one extreme is allopatry, in which the overlap is zero (no gene flow), and on the other extreme is sympatry, in which the ranges overlap completely (maximal gene flow). The varying d... | Sympatric speciation | 0.782386 |
86,722 | Thiosulfines, also called thiocarbonyl S-sulfides, are compounds with the formula R2CSS. Although superficially appearing to be cumulenes, with the linkage R2C=S=S, they are more usefully classified as 1,3-dipoles and indeed participate in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. Thiosulfines are proposed to exist in equilibrium wi... | Thioketone | 0.782386 |
86,723 | Definition of Selones in the IUPAC Gold Book Kroto, H.; Landsberg, B. M.; Suffolk, R. J.; Vodden, A. (1974). "The photoelectron and microwave spectra of the unstable species thioacetaldehyde, CH3CHS, and thioacetone, (CH3)2CS". Chemical Physics Letters. | Thioketone | 0.782386 |
86,724 | In organic chemistry, thioketones (from Ancient Greek θεῖον (theion) 'sulfur'; also known as thiones or thiocarbonyls) are organosulfur compounds related to conventional ketones in which the oxygen has been replaced by a sulfur. Instead of a structure of R2C=O, thioketones have the structure R2C=S, which is reflected b... | Thioketone | 0.782386 |
86,725 | The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology (often simply called the MacDiarmid Institute) is a New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) specialising in materials science and nanotechnology. It is hosted by Victoria University of Wellington, and is a collaboration between five universitie... | MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology | 0.782386 |
86,726 | The Institute is named after Alan MacDiarmid, a New Zealander who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000. It is funded by the New Zealand government through the Tertiary Education Commission. The Institute divides its work into four research areas: Towards Zero Waste - Reconfigurable Systems Towards Zero Carbon - Cat... | MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology | 0.782386 |
86,727 | The expectation value of a given state | ψ ( θ 1 , ⋯ , θ N ) ⟩ {\displaystyle |\psi (\theta _{1},\cdots ,\theta _{N})\rangle } with parameters { θ i } i = 1 N {\displaystyle \{\theta _{i}\}_{i=1}^{N}} , has an expectation value of the energy or cost function given by E ( θ 1 , ⋯ , θ n ) = ⟨ H ^ ⟩ = ∑ i α i ⟨ ψ ( θ 1 , ... | Variational quantum eigensolver | 0.782386 |
86,728 | The choice of ansatz state depends on the system of interest. In gate-based quantum computing, the ansatz is given by a parametrized quantum circuit, whose parameters can be updated after each run. The ansatz has to be adaptable enough to not miss the desired state. A common method to obtain a valid ansatz is given by ... | Variational quantum eigensolver | 0.782386 |
86,729 | The objective of the VQE is to find a set of quantum operations that prepares the lowest energy state (or minima) of a close approximation to some target quantity or observable. While the only strict requirement for the representation of an observable is that it is efficient to estimate its expectation values, it is of... | Variational quantum eigensolver | 0.782386 |
86,730 | Given a parametrized ansatz for the ground state eigenstate, with parameters that can be modified, one is sure to find the parametrized state that is closest to the ground state based on the variational method of quantum mechanics. Using classical algorithms in a digital computer, the parameters of the ansatz can be op... | Variational quantum eigensolver | 0.782386 |
86,731 | It was originally proposed in 2013, with corresponding authors Alberto Peruzzo, Alán Aspuru-Guzik and Jeremy O'Brien. The algorithm has also found applications in quantum machine learning and has been further substantiated by general hybrid algorithms between quantum and classical computers. It is an example of a noisy... | Variational quantum eigensolver | 0.782386 |
86,732 | In quantum computing, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm for quantum chemistry, quantum simulations and optimization problems. It is a hybrid algorithm that uses both classical computers and quantum computers to find the ground state of a given physical system. Given a guess or ansatz, the... | Variational quantum eigensolver | 0.782386 |
86,733 | The original statement proved by Mark Krein and David Milman (1940) was somewhat less general than the form stated here.Earlier, Hermann Minkowski (1911) proved that if X {\displaystyle X} is 3-dimensional then K {\displaystyle K} equals the convex hull of the set of its extreme points. This assertion was expanded to t... | Krein–Milman theorem | 0.782384 |
86,734 | In the mathematical theory of functional analysis, the Krein–Milman theorem is a proposition about compact convex sets in locally convex topological vector spaces (TVSs). This theorem generalizes to infinite-dimensional spaces and to arbitrary compact convex sets the following basic observation: a convex (i.e. "filled"... | Krein–Milman theorem | 0.782384 |
86,735 | This lowered reactivity is due to the relativistic stabilization of unbinilium's valence electron, increasing unbinilium's first ionization energy and decreasing the metallic and ionic radii; this effect is already seen for radium. the chemistry of unbinilium in the +2 oxidation state should be more similar to the chem... | Eka-radium | 0.782382 |
86,736 | The chemistry of unbinilium is predicted to be similar to that of the alkaline earth metals, but it would probably behave more like calcium or strontium than barium or radium. Like strontium, unbinilium should react vigorously with air to form an oxide (UbnO) and with water to form the hydroxide (Ubn(OH)2), which would... | Eka-radium | 0.782382 |
86,737 | Let X be a smooth variety over a field containing 1 / ℓ {\displaystyle 1/\ell } . Beilinson and Lichtenbaum conjectured that the motivic cohomology group H p , q ( X , Z / ℓ ) {\displaystyle H^{p,q}(X,\mathbf {Z} /\ell )} is isomorphic to the étale cohomology group H e ´ t p ( X , μ ℓ ⊗ q ) {\displaystyle H_{\rm {{\acu... | Bloch's conjecture | 0.782382 |
86,738 | Moreover, it is possible to get the most value out of IoT deployments through analyzing IoT data, extracting hidden information, and predicting control decisions. A wide variety of machine learning techniques have been used in IoT domain ranging from traditional methods such as regression, support vector machine, and r... | An internet of things | 0.78238 |
86,739 | This fast decision making would not be possible through transferring data from the vehicle to cloud instances and return the predictions back to the vehicle. Instead, all the operation should be performed locally in the vehicle. Integrating advanced machine learning algorithms including deep learning into IoT devices i... | An internet of things | 0.78238 |
86,740 | Training an agent (i.e., IoT device) to behave smartly in such an environment cannot be addressed by conventional machine learning algorithms such as supervised learning. By reinforcement learning approach, a learning agent can sense the environment's state (e.g., sensing home temperature), perform actions (e.g., turn ... | An internet of things | 0.78238 |
86,741 | It can also adjust itself to ensure appropriate pressure and support are applied to the patient without the manual interaction of nurses. A 2015 Goldman Sachs report indicated that healthcare IoT devices "can save the United States more than $300 billion in annual healthcare expenditures by increasing revenue and decre... | An internet of things | 0.78238 |
86,742 | The ⋆ {\displaystyle \star } -genvalue is given by the time independent equation H ⋆ ψ = E ψ {\displaystyle H\star \psi =E\psi } .Star-multiplying for ψ † ( x , p , t ) {\displaystyle \psi ^{\dagger }(x,p,t)} on the right, we obtain H ⋆ W = E W . {\displaystyle H\star W=E\,W.} Therefore, the static Wigner distribution ... | Phase-space wavefunctions | 0.782379 |
86,743 | Thus, it is possible to assign a meaning to the wave function in phase space, ψ ( x , p , t ) {\displaystyle \psi (x,p,t)} , as a quasiamplitude, associated to a quasiprobability distribution. The first wave-function approach of quantum mechanics in phase space was introduced by Torres-Vega and Frederick in 1990 (also ... | Phase-space wavefunctions | 0.782379 |
86,744 | Phase-space representation of quantum state vectors is a formulation of quantum mechanics elaborating the phase-space formulation with a Hilbert space. It "is obtained within the framework of the relative-state formulation. For this purpose, the Hilbert space of a quantum system is enlarged by introducing an auxiliary ... | Phase-space wavefunctions | 0.782379 |
86,745 | For single player games it is also used to show the world map or the player's inventory, as well as other useful info. In software engineering, when developing computer programs or storing and manipulating data in files, the Tab character is often used for indentation purposes to help guide the flow of reading and add ... | Tab character | 0.782379 |
86,746 | Researchers at the Department of Pharmacology and Medical Chemistry used serotonergic drugs on male mice to study the effects of selected drugs on their behavior. Mice in isolation exhibit increased levels of agonistic behavior towards one another. Results found that serotonergic drugs reduce aggression in isolated mic... | Serotonin and aging | 0.782378 |
86,747 | In mathematics, theta functions are special functions of several complex variables. They show up in many topics, including Abelian varieties, moduli spaces, quadratic forms, and solitons. As Grassmann algebras, they appear in quantum field theory.The most common form of theta function is that occurring in the theory of... | Theta series | 0.782377 |
86,748 | Technological advances in comparative chromosome mapping and molecular cytogenetics have advanced understanding of the many transitions between sex-determining modes. Threshold changes in gene expression for either male- or female-determining factors is enough to change modes of sex determination, as these thresholds a... | Evolution of sex-determining mechanisms | 0.782377 |
86,749 | 3+ is a component of some structural biology methods (especially for DNA or RNA, where positive ions stabilize tertiary structure of the phosphate backbone), to help solve their structures by X-ray crystallography or by nuclear magnetic resonance. In the biological system, the counterions would more probably be Mg2+, b... | Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride | 0.782375 |
86,750 | In scientific computing, GotoBLAS and GotoBLAS2 are open source implementations of the BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) API with many hand-crafted optimizations for specific processor types. GotoBLAS was developed by Kazushige Goto at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. As of 2003, it was used in seven of the w... | GotoBLAS | 0.782374 |
86,751 | The program was funded by the European Union (EU), with €8,707,000 coming from the European Commission and having a total cost of €8,782,025. The program was a framework for marine entities, intended to integrate and disseminate the knowledge on marine biodiversity. It was funded by the Sixth Framework Programme of the... | MarBEF Data System | 0.782373 |
86,752 | MarBEF Data System (Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning) was a project of the European Union's Network of Excellence which served as a platform to integrate and disseminate knowledge and expertise on marine biodiversity, with informative links to researchers, industry, stakeholders and the general public. The... | MarBEF Data System | 0.782373 |
86,753 | K. pneumoniae can be treated with antibiotics if the infections are not drug-resistant. Infections by K. pneumoniae can be difficult to treat because fewer antibiotics are effective against them. In such cases, a microbiology laboratory must run tests to determine which antibiotics will treat the infection. More specif... | Klebsiella pneumonia | 0.782371 |
86,754 | On the other hand, a finite-dimensional representation of G can be used to generate a *-subalgebra of C(G) which is also a Hopf *-algebra. Specifically, if g ↦ ( u i j ( g ) ) i , j {\displaystyle g\mapsto (u_{ij}(g))_{i,j}} is an n-dimensional representation of G, then u i j ∈ C ( G ) {\displaystyle u_{ij}\in C(G)} fo... | Compact quantum group | 0.782371 |
86,755 | For a compact topological group, G, there exists a C*-algebra homomorphism Δ: C ( G ) → C ( G ) ⊗ C ( G ) {\displaystyle \Delta :C(G)\to C(G)\otimes C(G)} where C(G) ⊗ C(G) is the minimal C*-algebra tensor product — the completion of the algebraic tensor product of C(G) and C(G)) — such that Δ ( f ) ( x , y ) = f ( x y... | Compact quantum group | 0.782371 |
86,756 | For C*-algebras A and B acting on the Hilbert spaces H and K respectively, their minimal tensor product is defined to be the norm completion of the algebraic tensor product A ⊗ B in B(H ⊗ K); the norm completion is also denoted by A ⊗ B. A compact quantum group is defined as a pair (C, Δ), where C is a unital separable... | Compact quantum group | 0.782371 |
86,757 | A representation of the compact matrix quantum group is given by a corepresentation of the Hopf *-algebra Furthermore, a representation, v, is called unitary if the matrix for v is unitary, or equivalently, if ∀ i , j: κ ( v i j ) = v j i ∗ . {\displaystyle \forall i,j:\qquad \kappa (v_{ij})=v_{ji}^{*}.} | Compact quantum group | 0.782371 |
86,758 | On the other hand, by the Gelfand Theorem, a commutative C*-algebra is isomorphic to the C*-algebra of continuous complex-valued functions on a compact Hausdorff topological space, and the topological space is uniquely determined by the C*-algebra up to homeomorphism. S. L. Woronowicz introduced the important concept o... | Compact quantum group | 0.782371 |
86,759 | In mathematics, a compact quantum group is an abstract structure on a unital separable C*-algebra axiomatized from those that exist on the commutative C*-algebra of "continuous complex-valued functions" on a compact quantum group. The basic motivation for this theory comes from the following analogy. The space of compl... | Compact quantum group | 0.782371 |
86,760 | In chemistry preparations, sodium peroxide is used as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as an oxygen source by reacting it with carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and sodium carbonate: Na2O2 + CO2 → Na2CO3 + 1⁄2 O2 Na2O2 + H2O + 2 CO2 → 2 NaHCO3 + 1⁄2 O2It is thus particularly useful in scuba gear, submarines, etc. Lit... | Sodium peroxide | 0.782371 |
86,761 | The RealityEngine2, stylized as "RealityEngine2", is an upgraded RealityEngine with twelve instead of eight Geometry Engines. The Reality Station workstation is based on RealityEngine2. In February 1995, SGI reduced the entry price of Reality Station to US$179,540 (equivalent to about $344,800 in 2022).RealityEngine2 w... | RealityEngine | 0.78237 |
86,762 | The RealityEngine is a board set comprising a Geometry Engine board, up to four Raster Manager boards, and a DG2 Display Generator board. These boards plug into a midplane on the host system. The Geometry Engine is based on the 50 MHz Intel i860XP. | RealityEngine | 0.78237 |
86,763 | Satplan (better known as Planning as Satisfiability) is a method for automated planning. It converts the planning problem instance into an instance of the Boolean satisfiability problem, which is then solved using a method for establishing satisfiability such as the DPLL algorithm or WalkSAT. Given a problem instance i... | Satplan | 0.78237 |
86,764 | In robotics, the working envelope or work area is the volume of working or reaching space. Some factors of a robot's design (configurations, axes or degrees of freedom) influence its working envelope. == References == | Envelope (motion) | 0.78237 |
86,765 | In particular, Solèr's theorem helps to fill a gap in the effort to use Gleason's theorem to rederive quantum mechanics from information-theoretic postulates. It is also an important step in the Heunen-Kornell axiomatisation of the category of Hilbert spaces. Physicist John C. Baez notes,Nothing in the assumptions ment... | Solèr theorem | 0.782369 |
86,766 | In mathematics, Solèr's theorem is a result concerning certain infinite-dimensional vector spaces. It states that any orthomodular form that has an infinite orthonormal sequence is a Hilbert space over the real numbers, complex numbers or quaternions. Originally proved by Maria Pia Solèr, the result is significant for ... | Solèr theorem | 0.782369 |
86,767 | The First International Topological Conference was held in Moscow, 4–10 September, 1935. With presentations by topologists from 10 different countries it constituted the first genuinely international meeting devoted to topology in the world history of the mathematical community. Although a previous mathematical confere... | First International Topological Conference | 0.782367 |
86,768 | Natural resources such as coal, petroleum(crude oil) and natural gas take thousands of years to form naturally and cannot be replaced as fast as they are being consumed. Eventually it is considered that fossil-based resources will become too costly to harvest and humanity will need to shift its reliance to other source... | Non-renewable energy | 0.782366 |
86,769 | P 0 {\displaystyle P_{0}} is the pressure at the surface. ρ ( z ) {\displaystyle \rho (z)} is the density of the material above the depth z {\displaystyle z} . g {\displaystyle g} is the gravity acceleration in m / s 2 {\displaystyle m/s^{2}} .In deep-earth geophysics/geodynamics, gravitational acceleration varies sign... | Lithostatic pressure | 0.782366 |
86,770 | Pressure is force magnitude applied over an area. Overburden pressure is a geology term that denotes the pressure caused by the weight of the overlying layers of material at a specific depth under the earth's surface. Overburden pressure is also called lithostatic pressure, or vertical stress.In a stratigraphic layer t... | Lithostatic pressure | 0.782366 |
86,771 | One has and the map The pulled back metric can be obtained by straightforward methods of calculus; One computes according to the standard rules for computing differentials (though one is really computing the rigorously defined exterior derivatives), and substitutes the results into the right hand side. This yields This... | Minkowski inner product | 0.782362 |
86,772 | With this metric H1(n)R is a Riemannian manifold. It is one of the model spaces of Riemannian geometry, the hyperboloid model of hyperbolic space. It is a space of constant negative curvature −1/R2. The 1 in the upper index refers to an enumeration of the different model spaces of hyperbolic geometry, and the n for its... | Minkowski inner product | 0.782362 |
86,773 | However, Minkowski space contains submanifolds endowed with a Riemannian metric yielding hyperbolic geometry. Model spaces of hyperbolic geometry of low dimension, say 2 or 3, cannot be isometrically embedded in Euclidean space with one more dimension, i.e. ℝ3 or ℝ4 respectively, with the Euclidean metric g, disallowin... | Minkowski inner product | 0.782362 |
86,774 | The meaning of the term geometry for the Minkowski space depends heavily on the context. Minkowski space is not endowed with a Euclidean geometry, and not with any of the generalized Riemannian geometries with intrinsic curvature, those exposed by the model spaces in hyperbolic geometry (negative curvature) and the geo... | Minkowski inner product | 0.782362 |
86,775 | 3D scenes are generally composed of two things: 3D geometry, and the textures that cover that geometry. Texture units in a video card take a texture and 'map' it to a piece of geometry. That is, they wrap the texture around the geometry and produce textured pixels which can then be written to the screen. Textures can b... | Texture-mapping unit | 0.782362 |
86,776 | Other, slightly more complicated, variance stabilizing transformations are available,: 168 one of which is Anscombe transform. See Data transformation (statistics) for more general uses of transformations. If for every t > 0 the number of arrivals in the time interval follows the Poisson distribution with mean λt, the... | Poisson distribution | 0.782361 |
86,777 | Therefore, the maximum likelihood estimate is an unbiased estimator of λ. It is also an efficient estimator since its variance achieves the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB). Hence it is minimum-variance unbiased. Also it can be proven that the sum (and hence the sample mean as it is a one-to-one function of the sum) is a ... | Poisson distribution | 0.782361 |
86,778 | The distribution was first introduced by Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840) and published together with his probability theory in his work Recherches sur la probabilité des jugements en matière criminelle et en matière civile (1837). : 205-207 The work theorized about the number of wrongful convictions in a given country... | Poisson distribution | 0.782361 |
86,779 | In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space if these events occur with a known constant mean rate and independently of the time since the last event. It is ... | Poisson distribution | 0.782361 |
86,780 | Rolt produced many works about subjects that had not previously been considered the stuff of literature, such as civil engineering, canals and railways. In his later years he produced three volumes of autobiography, only one of which was published during his lifetime. Rolt also published Sleep No More (1948) a collecti... | Red for Danger | 0.782361 |
86,781 | Lionel Thomas Caswall Rolt (usually abbreviated to Tom Rolt or L. T. C. Rolt) (11 February 1910 – 9 May 1974) was a prolific English writer and the biographer of major civil engineering figures, including Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Thomas Telford. He is also regarded as one of the pioneers of the leisure cruising indu... | Red for Danger | 0.782361 |
86,782 | The organisation was founded in 1998 as the Genetics and Society Unit (GSU). In 2001 it was renamed the Institute for the Study of Genetics, Biorisks and Society (IGBiS). Its remit was expanded in 2006 to cover the social, legal, ethical and cultural implications of any field of science, medicine or technology, at whic... | Institute for Science and Society | 0.782361 |
86,783 | The Institute for Science and Society is a multidisciplinary centre drawing on a wide range of social sciences and humanities disciplines to conduct research into cutting edge aspects of the mutual relationship between science and society. Since ISS was founded in 1998 it has attracted over £20 million in research fund... | Institute for Science and Society | 0.78236 |
86,784 | The Great Rift, a series of dark patches in the Milky Way, is more visible and striking in the southern hemisphere than in the northern. It vividly stands out when conditions are otherwise so dark that the Milky Way's central region casts shadows on the ground. Some cultures have discerned shapes in these patches and h... | Dark cloud constellation | 0.78236 |
86,785 | The 88 constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union as well as those that cultures have recognized throughout history are imagined figures and shapes derived from the patterns of stars in the observable sky. Many officially recognized constellations are based on the imaginations of ancient, Near Ea... | Dark cloud constellation | 0.78236 |
86,786 | Typically, (ΔAmin) and Amin are of the magnitudes around 10−5 and 10−3 respectively. So, a transition can only be detected in MCD, not in the absorption spectroscopy, if ΔA/A > 10−2. This happens in paramagnetic systems that are at lower temperature or that have sharp lines in the spectroscopy.In biology, metalloprotei... | Magnetic circular dichroism | 0.782359 |
86,787 | In natural optical activity, the difference between the LCP light and the RCP light is caused by the asymmetry of the molecules (i.e. chiral molecules). Because of the handedness of the molecule, the absorption of the LCP light would be different from the RCP light. However, in MCD in the presence of a magnetic field, ... | Magnetic circular dichroism | 0.782359 |
86,788 | Language resource management Lexical markup framework (LMF; ISO 24613:2008), is the International Organization for Standardization ISO/TC37 standard for natural language processing (NLP) and machine-readable dictionary (MRD) lexicons. The scope is standardization of principles and methods relating to language resources... | Lexical Markup Framework | 0.782351 |
86,789 | Operators began to apply the principles of self-healing networks. Etheric Networks followed this path. Etheric Networks focused on improving performance by developing dynamic interference and fault detection and reconfiguration, as well as optimizing quality based routing software, such as MANET and using multiple path... | Wireless local loop | 0.78235 |
86,790 | On coasts two different types of arches can form depending on the geology. On discordant coastlines rock types run at 90° to the coast. Wave refraction concentrates the wave energy on the headland, and an arch forms when caves break through the headland. | Natural bridges | 0.78235 |
86,791 | Relativistic effects on the electron orbitals of superheavy elements is predicted to influence the molecular geometry of some compounds. For instance, the 6d5/2 electrons in nihonium play an unexpectedly strong role in bonding, so NhF3 should assume a T-shaped geometry, instead of a trigonal planar geometry like its li... | AXE method | 0.782349 |
86,792 | The Arzelà–Ascoli theorem is a fundamental result of mathematical analysis giving necessary and sufficient conditions to decide whether every sequence of a given family of real-valued continuous functions defined on a closed and bounded interval has a uniformly convergent subsequence. The main condition is the equicont... | Arzelà–Ascoli theorem | 0.782349 |
86,793 | There are a few other variants in terms of the topology of precompact convergence or other related topologies on F ( X , Y ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {F}}(X,Y)} . It is also possible to extend the statement to functions that are only continuous when restricted to the sets of a covering of X {\displaystyle X} by compac... | Arzelà–Ascoli theorem | 0.782349 |
86,794 | Then one form of the Arzèla-Ascoli theorem is the following: Let X {\displaystyle X} be a topological space, Y {\displaystyle Y} a Hausdorff uniform space and H ⊂ C c ( X , Y ) {\displaystyle H\subset {\mathcal {C}}_{c}(X,Y)} an equicontinuous set of continuous functions such that H ( x ) {\displaystyle H(x)} is relati... | Arzelà–Ascoli theorem | 0.782349 |
86,795 | Since this is defined to be ℵ 0 {\displaystyle \aleph _{0}} , or aleph null, sets with cardinality ℶ 0 {\displaystyle \beth _{0}} include: the natural numbers N the rational numbers Q the algebraic numbers the computable numbers and computable sets the set of finite sets of integers the set of finite multisets of integ... | Beth number | 0.782349 |
86,796 | The hypotheses of the theorem are satisfied by a uniformly bounded sequence { fn } of differentiable functions with uniformly bounded derivatives. Indeed, uniform boundedness of the derivatives implies by the mean value theorem that for all x and y, | f n ( x ) − f n ( y ) | ≤ K | x − y | , {\displaystyle \left|f_{n}(x... | Arzelà–Ascoli theorem | 0.782349 |
86,797 | (Here, δ may depend on ε, but not x, y or n.) One version of the theorem can be stated as follows: Consider a sequence of real-valued continuous functions { fn }n ∈ N defined on a closed and bounded interval of the real line. If this sequence is uniformly bounded and uniformly equicontinuous, then there exists a subse... | Arzelà–Ascoli theorem | 0.782349 |
86,798 | Various generalizations of the above quoted result are possible. For instance, the functions can assume values in a metric space or (Hausdorff) topological vector space with only minimal changes to the statement (see, for instance, Kelley & Namioka (1982, §8), Kelley (1991, Chapter 7)): Let X be a compact Hausdorff spa... | Arzelà–Ascoli theorem | 0.782349 |
86,799 | {\displaystyle \sup\{|f(x)|:f\in \mathbf {F} \}<\infty .} A version of the Theorem holds also in the space C(X) of real-valued continuous functions on a compact Hausdorff space X (Dunford & Schwartz 1958, §IV.6.7): Let X be a compact Hausdorff space. Then a subset F of C(X) is relatively compact in the topology induced... | Arzelà–Ascoli theorem | 0.782349 |
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