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91,600 | The company has expanded its Emotion AI technology to detect more than facial expressions, reactions and emotions. Affectiva's software detects complex and nuanced emotions, cognitive states, such as drowsiness and distraction, certain activities and the objects people use. It does that by analyzing the human face, voc... | Affectiva | 0.780499 |
91,601 | Real Time Race also claims to have augmented iFlex with live real world objects instead of Computer-Generated Imagery. vFit is the artificial intelligence system allowing realistic physics and collision interaction between the real and virtual objects. | Real Time Race | 0.780499 |
91,602 | At this point in time the event horizon has a very narrow X-shape at the meeting point. The protrusions are drawn out into a thin thread. The meeting point expands to a roughly cylindrical connection called a bridge.Simulations as of 2011 had not produced any event horizons with toroidal topology (ring-shaped). Some re... | Binary black hole | 0.780499 |
91,603 | One of the problems to solve is the shape or topology of the event horizon during a black-hole merger. In numerical models, test geodesics are inserted to see whether they encounter an event horizon. As two black holes approach each other, a "duckbill" shape protrudes from each of the two event horizons towards the oth... | Binary black hole | 0.780499 |
91,604 | In optimization theory, maximum flow problems involve finding a feasible flow through a flow network that obtains the maximum possible flow rate. The maximum flow problem can be seen as a special case of more complex network flow problems, such as the circulation problem. The maximum value of an s-t flow (i.e., flow fr... | Integral flow theorem | 0.780498 |
91,605 | The Millennium problem requires the proposed Yang–Mills theory to satisfy the Wightman axioms or similarly stringent axioms. There are four axioms: W0 (assumptions of relativistic quantum mechanics)Quantum mechanics is described according to von Neumann; in particular, the pure states are given by the rays, i.e. the on... | Yang–Mills existence and mass gap | 0.780498 |
91,606 | At the level of rigor of theoretical physics, it has been well established that the quantum Yang–Mills theory for a non-abelian Lie group exhibits a property known as confinement; though proper mathematical physics has more demanding requirements on a proof. A consequence of this property is that above the confinement ... | Yang–Mills existence and mass gap | 0.780498 |
91,607 | Existence includes establishing axiomatic properties at least as strong as those cited in Streater & Wightman (1964), Osterwalder & Schrader (1973) and Osterwalder & Schrader (1975).In this statement, a quantum Yang–Mills theory is a non-abelian quantum field theory similar to that underlying the Standard Model of part... | Yang–Mills existence and mass gap | 0.780498 |
91,608 | The Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem is an unsolved problem in mathematical physics and mathematics, and one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems defined by the Clay Mathematics Institute, which has offered a prize of US$1,000,000 for its solution. The problem is phrased as follows: Yang–Mills Existence and ... | Yang–Mills existence and mass gap | 0.780498 |
91,609 | Possible catastrophic risks from nature include super-volcanism, impact events, and energetic astronomical events such as gamma-ray bursts, cosmic rays, solar flares, and supernovae. These dangers are characterized as relatively small and relatively well understood, though pandemics may be exceptions as a result of bei... | Future of Humanity Institute | 0.780498 |
91,610 | Bostrom has also popularized the simulation argument. A recurring theme in FHI's research is the Fermi paradox, the surprising absence of observable alien civilizations. Robin Hanson has argued that there must be a "Great Filter" preventing space colonization to account for the paradox. That filter may lie in the past,... | Future of Humanity Institute | 0.780498 |
91,611 | Nick Bostrom established the institute in November 2005 as part of the Oxford Martin School, then the James Martin 21st Century School. Between 2008 and 2010, FHI hosted the Global Catastrophic Risks conference, wrote 22 academic journal articles, and published 34 chapters in academic volumes. FHI researchers have been... | Future of Humanity Institute | 0.780498 |
91,612 | The design of most asymmetric algorithms (i.e. public-key cryptography) relies on neat mathematical problems that are efficient to compute in one direction, but inefficient to reverse by the attacker. However, attacks against current public-key systems are always faster than brute-force search of the key space. Their s... | Security strength | 0.780497 |
91,613 | One can generalize the mean to n + 1 variables by considering the mean value theorem for divided differences for the n-th derivative of the logarithm. We obtain L MV ( x 0 , … , x n ) = ( − 1 ) n + 1 n ln ( ) − n {\displaystyle L_{\text{MV}}(x_{0},\,\dots ,\,x_{n})={\sqrt{(-1)^{n+1}n\ln \left(\left\right)}}} where l... | Logarithmic mean | 0.780496 |
91,614 | The Joy programming language in computer science is a purely functional programming language that was produced by Manfred von Thun of La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Joy is based on composition of functions rather than lambda calculus. It has turned out to have many similarities to Forth, due not to design... | Joy (programming language) | 0.780495 |
91,615 | Resonance in particle physics appears in similar circumstances to classical physics at the level of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Resonances can also be thought of as unstable particles, with the formula in the Universal resonance curve section of this article applying if Γ is the particle's decay rate an... | Resonance cavity | 0.780494 |
91,616 | Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the name given to a physical resonance phenomenon involving the observation of specific quantum mechanical magnetic properties of an atomic nucleus in the presence of an applied, external magnetic field. Many scientific techniques exploit NMR phenomena to study molecular physics, cry... | Resonance cavity | 0.780494 |
91,617 | This is because humans have been referred to as an 'evolved cultural species'; one that has an unrivalled reliance on culturally transmitted knowledge due to the social environment around us. This is down to social transmission of information which spreads significantly faster in human populations relative to changes i... | Hominid intelligence | 0.780491 |
91,618 | Another hypothesis is that it is actually intelligence that causes social relationships to become more complex, because intelligent individuals are more difficult to learn to know.There are also studies that show that Dunbar's number is not the upper limit of the number of social relationships in humans either.The hypo... | Hominid intelligence | 0.780491 |
91,619 | In organic chemistry, the Arndt–Eistert reaction is the conversion of a carboxylic acid to its homologue. Named for the German chemists Fritz Arndt (1885–1969) and Bernd Eistert (1902–1978), the method entails treating an acid chlorides with diazomethane. It is a popular method of producing β-amino acids from α-amino a... | Arndt–Eistert reaction | 0.78049 |
91,620 | The acid chloride suffers attack by diazomethane with loss of HCl. The alpha-diazoketone (RC(O)CHN2) product undergoes the metal-catalyzed Wolff rearrangement to form a ketene, which hydrates to the acid. The rearrangement leaves untouched the stereochemistry at the carbon alpha to the acid chloride. | Arndt–Eistert reaction | 0.78049 |
91,621 | Standard methodologies include: Wet chemistry methods Flow chemistry Calor | Forced degradation | 0.780489 |
91,622 | A text-to-image model is a machine learning model which takes an input natural language description and produces an image matching that description. Such models began to be developed in the mid-2010s, as a result of advances in deep neural networks. In 2022, the output of state of the art text-to-image models, such as ... | Text-to-image model | 0.780489 |
91,623 | Rather than directly training a model to output a high-resolution image conditioned on a text embedding, a popular technique is to train a model to generate low-resolution images, and use one or more auxiliary deep learning models to upscale it, filling in finer details. Text-to-image models are trained on large datase... | Text-to-image model | 0.780489 |
91,624 | Text-to-image models have been built using a variety of architectures. The text encoding step may be performed with a recurrent neural network such as a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, though transformer models have since become a more popular option. For the image generation step, conditional generative adversa... | Text-to-image model | 0.780489 |
91,625 | It does not specify electrical information or the bus topology. Instead, the specification is written in terms of "signals", clock cycles, and high and low levels. | Wishbone (computer bus) | 0.780489 |
91,626 | A JTAG interface is a special interface added to a chip. Depending on the version of JTAG, two, four, or five pins are added. The four and five pin interfaces are designed so that multiple chips on a board can have their JTAG lines daisy-chained together if specific conditions are met. The two pin interface is designed... | JTAG connector | 0.780489 |
91,627 | The two wire interface reduced pressure on the number of pins, and devices can be connected in a star topology. The star topology enables some parts of the system to be powered down, while others can still be accessed over JTAG; a daisy chain requires all JTAG interfaces to be powered. Other two-wire interfaces exist, ... | JTAG connector | 0.780489 |
91,628 | When V is n-dimensional Euclidean space, one may define a uniform measure on Gr(r, n) in the following way. Let θn be the unit Haar measure on the orthogonal group O(n) and fix W in Gr(r, n). Then for a set A ⊆ Gr(r, n), define This measure is invariant under actions from the group O(n), that is, γr,n(gA) = γr,n(A) for... | Grassmannian manifold | 0.780489 |
91,629 | In the realm of algebraic geometry, the Grassmannian can be constructed as a scheme by expressing it as a representable functor. | Grassmannian manifold | 0.780489 |
91,630 | It follows from the existence of the Plücker embedding that the Grassmannian is complete as an algebraic variety. In particular, H {\displaystyle H} is a parabolic subgroup of G L ( V ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {GL} (V)} . | Grassmannian manifold | 0.780489 |
91,631 | The quickest way of giving the Grassmannian a geometric structure is to express it as a homogeneous space. First, recall that the general linear group G L ( V ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {GL} (V)} acts transitively on the r {\displaystyle r} -dimensional subspaces of V {\displaystyle V} . Therefore, if W ⊂ V {\displaystyl... | Grassmannian manifold | 0.780489 |
91,632 | This idea can with some effort be extended to all vector bundles over a manifold M, so that every vector bundle generates a continuous map from M to a suitably generalised Grassmannian—although various embedding theorems must be proved to show this. We then find that the properties of our vector bundles are related to ... | Grassmannian manifold | 0.780489 |
91,633 | The detailed study of the Grassmannians uses a decomposition into subsets called Schubert cells, which were first applied in enumerative geometry. The Schubert cells for Gr(r, n) are defined in terms of an auxiliary flag: take subspaces V1, V2, ..., Vr, with Vi ⊂ Vi + 1. Then we consider the corresponding subset of Gr(... | Grassmannian manifold | 0.780489 |
91,634 | The Plücker embedding of the Grassmannian satisfies some very simple quadratic relations called the Plücker relations. These show that the Grassmannian embeds as an algebraic subvariety of P(ΛkV ) and give another method of constructing the Grassmannian. To state the Plücker relations, fix a basis {e1, ..., en} of V, a... | Grassmannian manifold | 0.780489 |
91,635 | Applying Minkowski space-based special relativity to the expansion of the universe, without resorting to the concept of a curved spacetime, results in the Milne model. Any spatial section of the universe of a constant age (the proper time elapsed from the Big Bang) will have a negative curvature; this is merely a pseud... | Curvature of the universe | 0.780488 |
91,636 | A hyperbolic universe, one of a negative spatial curvature, is described by hyperbolic geometry, and can be thought of locally as a three-dimensional analog of an infinitely extended saddle shape. There are a great variety of hyperbolic 3-manifolds, and their classification is not completely understood. Those of finite... | Curvature of the universe | 0.780488 |
91,637 | John Milnor speculated that this theorem might be true for ℓ = 2 {\displaystyle \ell =2} and all n {\displaystyle n} , and this question became known as Milnor's conjecture. The general case was conjectured by Spencer Bloch and Kazuya Kato and became known as the Bloch–Kato conjecture or the motivic Bloch–Kato conjectu... | Merkurjev–Suslin theorem | 0.780484 |
91,638 | In mathematics, the norm residue isomorphism theorem is a long-sought result relating Milnor K-theory and Galois cohomology. The result has a relatively elementary formulation and at the same time represents the key juncture in the proofs of many seemingly unrelated theorems from abstract algebra, theory of quadratic f... | Merkurjev–Suslin theorem | 0.780484 |
91,639 | In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subset A of a topological space X is said to be dense in X if every point of X either belongs to A or else is arbitrarily "close" to a member of A — for instance, the rational numbers are a dense subset of the real numbers because every real number either is a rational nu... | Dense (topology) | 0.780484 |
91,640 | They argued that Pauly's team had oversimplified the situation and may have "misinterpreted the FAO statistics". The response of Pauly's team was published in the same paper, claiming that the corrections suggested by the FAO, such as accounting for aquaculture, actually made the trend worse.The concerns raised by the ... | Fishing down the food web | 0.780482 |
91,641 | The Common Component Architecture (CCA) was a standard for Component-based software engineering used in high-performance also known as scientific) computing. Features of the Common Component Architecture that distinguish it from commercial component standards Component Object Model, CORBA, Enterprise JavaBeans include ... | Common Component Architecture | 0.780481 |
91,642 | Oracle Data Integrator comprises the following components: The Modular Repository, made up of a master repository and of one or several work repositories to store metadata about the data integration process. These repositories can be installed on any database engine that supports ANSI ISO 89 syntax. The graphical inter... | Oracle Data Integrator | 0.780481 |
91,643 | The model or theory has never been proved wrong, but neither has it been proven. The inherent difficulties of the model have instead made geomorphological research to advance along other lines. In contrast to its disputed status in geomorphology, the cycle of erosion model is a common approach used to establish denudat... | Geomorphology | 0.780479 |
91,644 | The term geomorphology seems to have been first used by Laumann in an 1858 work written in German. Keith Tinkler has suggested that the word came into general use in English, German and French after John Wesley Powell and W. J. McGee used it during the International Geological Conference of 1891. John Edward Marr in hi... | Geomorphology | 0.780479 |
91,645 | Fluvial geomorphologists focus on rivers, how they transport sediment, migrate across the landscape, cut into bedrock, respond to environmental and tectonic changes, and interact with humans. Soils geomorphologists investigate soil profiles and chemistry to learn about the history of a particular landscape and understa... | Geomorphology | 0.780479 |
91,646 | Soil, regolith, and rock move downslope under the force of gravity via creep, slides, flows, topples, and falls. Such mass wasting occurs on both terrestrial and submarine slopes, and has been observed on Earth, Mars, Venus, Titan and Iapetus. Ongoing hillslope processes can change the topology of the hillslope surface... | Geomorphology | 0.780479 |
91,647 | The interaction of living organisms with landforms, or biogeomorphologic processes, can be of many different forms, and is probably of profound importance for the terrestrial geomorphic system as a whole. Biology can influence very many geomorphic processes, ranging from biogeochemical processes controlling chemical we... | Geomorphology | 0.780479 |
91,648 | Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek: γῆ, gê, "earth"; μορφή, morphḗ, "form"; and λόγος, lógos, "study") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understan... | Geomorphology | 0.780479 |
91,649 | These may include fieldwork and field data collection, the interpretation of remotely sensed data, geochemical analyses, and the numerical modelling of the physics of landscapes. Geomorphologists may rely on geochronology, using dating methods to measure the rate of changes to the surface. Terrain measurement technique... | Geomorphology | 0.780479 |
91,650 | Still others investigate the relationships between ecology and geomorphology. Because geomorphology is defined to comprise everything related to the surface of the Earth and its modification, it is a broad field with many facets. Geomorphologists use a wide range of techniques in their work. | Geomorphology | 0.780479 |
91,651 | Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (published as MMBR) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Society for Microbiology. | Bacteriological Reviews | 0.780477 |
91,652 | A pure state here is represented by a two-dimensional complex vector ( α , β ) {\displaystyle (\alpha ,\beta )} , with a length of one; that is, with where | α | {\displaystyle |\alpha |} and | β | {\displaystyle |\beta |} are the absolute values of α {\displaystyle \alpha } and β {\displaystyle \beta } . In the mathem... | Pure state | 0.780475 |
91,653 | Numerical or analytic solutions in quantum mechanics can be expressed as pure states. These solution states, called eigenstates, are labeled with quantized values, typically quantum numbers. For example, when dealing with the energy spectrum of the electron in a hydrogen atom, the relevant pure states are identified by... | Pure state | 0.780475 |
91,654 | Quantum states may be defined differently for different kinds of systems or problems. Two broad categories are wave functions describing quantum systems using position or momentum variables and the more abstract vector quantum states.Historical, educational, and application-focused problems typically feature wave funct... | Pure state | 0.780475 |
91,655 | In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that embodies the knowledge of a quantum system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution, and measurement of a quantum state. The result is a quantum mechanical prediction for the system represented by the state. Knowledge of the quantum state... | Pure state | 0.780475 |
91,656 | The appearance of the Milky Way supernova of 1572 belongs among the most important observation events in the history of astronomy. The appearance of the "new star" helped to revise ancient models of the heavens and to speed on a revolution in astronomy that began with the realisation of the need to produce better astro... | SN 1572 | 0.780474 |
91,657 | In the ninth episode of James Joyce's Ulysses, Stephen Dedalus associates the appearance of the supernova with the youthful William Shakespeare, and in the November 1998 issue of Sky & Telescope, three researchers from Southwest Texas State University, Don Olson and Russell Doescher of the Physics Department and Marily... | SN 1572 | 0.780474 |
91,658 | (Though NASA's aerospike engine for the Lockheed Martin X-33 was designed to change geometry to remain efficient at a variety of different pressures, the aerospike engine had added weight and complexity; X-33 funding was canceled in 2001; and other benefits from launch assist would remain even if aerospike engines reac... | Rocket sled launch | 0.780473 |
91,659 | In mathematical optimization, Himmelblau's function is a multi-modal function, used to test the performance of optimization algorithms. The function is defined by: f ( x , y ) = ( x 2 + y − 11 ) 2 + ( x + y 2 − 7 ) 2 . {\displaystyle f(x,y)=(x^{2}+y-11)^{2}+(x+y^{2}-7)^{2}.\quad } It has one local maximum at x = − 0.27... | Himmelblau's function | 0.780473 |
91,660 | Following the efficiency claims made for vehicles such as Chevrolet Volt and Nissan Leaf, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory recommended to use EPA's new vehicle fuel efficiency formula that gives different values depending on fuel used. In November 2010 the EPA introduced the first fuel economy ratings in the Mo... | Fuel economy in automobiles | 0.780473 |
91,661 | Since the total force opposing the vehicle's motion (at constant speed) multiplied by the distance through which the vehicle travels represents the work that the vehicle's engine must perform, the study of fuel economy (the amount of energy consumed per unit of distance traveled) requires a detailed analysis of the for... | Fuel economy in automobiles | 0.780473 |
91,662 | In neuroscience, saltatory conduction (from Latin saltus 'leap, jump') is the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next node, increasing the conduction velocity of action potentials. The uninsulated nodes of Ranvier are the only places along the axon where ions are exc... | Saltatory conduction | 0.780473 |
91,663 | By the same argument, there is an element a1 in Y1 and an infinite subset Y2 of Y1 with the same properties. Inductively, we obtain a sequence {a0, a1, a2, …} such that the colour of each (r + 1)-element subset (ai(1), ai(2), …, ai(r + 1)) with i(1) < i(2) < … < i(r + 1) depends only on the value of i(1). Further, ther... | Ramsey Number | 0.780472 |
91,664 | This is evident. Assuming the theorem is true for n ≤ r, we prove it for n = r + 1. Given a c-colouring of the (r + 1)-element subsets of X, let a0 be an element of X and let Y = X \ {a0}. | Ramsey Number | 0.780472 |
91,665 | A further result, also commonly called Ramsey's theorem, applies to infinite graphs. In a context where finite graphs are also being discussed it is often called the "Infinite Ramsey theorem". As intuition provided by the pictorial representation of a graph is diminished when moving from finite to infinite graphs, theo... | Ramsey Number | 0.780472 |
91,666 | The popular version of this is called the theorem on friends and strangers. An alternative proof works by double counting. It goes as follows: Count the number of ordered triples of vertices, x, y, z, such that the edge, (xy), is red and the edge, (yz), is blue. | Ramsey Number | 0.780472 |
91,667 | Currently, Erdős's conjecture that rind(H) ≤ 2ck remains open and is one of the important problems in extremal graph theory. For lower bounds, not much is known in general except for the fact that induced Ramsey numbers must be at least the corresponding Ramsey numbers. Some lower bounds have been obtained for some spe... | Ramsey Number | 0.780472 |
91,668 | Similar to Ramsey's theorem, it is unclear a priori whether induced Ramsey numbers exist for every graph H. In the early 1970s, Erdős, Hajnal and Pósa, Deuber and Rödl independently proved that this is the case. However, the original proofs gave terrible bounds (e.g. towers of twos) on the induced Ramsey numbers. It is... | Ramsey Number | 0.780472 |
91,669 | The numbers R(r, s) in Ramsey's theorem (and their extensions to more than two colours) are known as Ramsey numbers. The Ramsey number, R(m, n), gives the solution to the party problem, which asks the minimum number of guests, R(m, n), that must be invited so that at least m will know each other or at least n will not ... | Ramsey Number | 0.780472 |
91,670 | In terms of the partition calculus Ramsey's theorem can be stated as ℵ 0 → ( ℵ 0 ) k n {\displaystyle \aleph _{0}\rightarrow (\aleph _{0})_{k}^{n}} for all finite n and k. A Ramsey cardinal, κ {\displaystyle \kappa } , is a large cardinal axiomatically defined to satisfy the related formula: κ → ( κ ) 2 < ω {\displayst... | Ramsey Number | 0.780472 |
91,671 | FitzRoy gave Darwin the first volume of Lyell's Principles of Geology before they left. On their first stop ashore at St Jago island in January 1832, Darwin saw geological formations which he explained using Lyell's uniformitarian concept that forces still in operation made land slowly rise or fall over immense periods... | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,672 | I will give you statistics of time spent on my coral-volume, not including all the work on board the Beagle— I commenced it 3 years & 7 months ago, & have done scarcely anything besides— I have actually spent 20 months out of this period on it! & nearly all the remainder sickness & visiting!! ! | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,673 | By the end of the month Darwin thought that his geology was "covering so much paper, & will take so much time" that it could be split into separate volumes (eventually Coral reefs was published first, followed by Volcanic islands in 1844, and South America in 1846). He also doubted that the treasury funds could cover a... | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,674 | From October he planned what became the multi-volume Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle on his collections, and began writing about the geology of volcanic islands.In January 1838, Smith, Elder & Co. advertised the first part of Darwin's geology book, Geological observations on volcanic islands and coral formations... | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,675 | He finished writing out his journal around the end of September, but then had the work of correcting proofs.His tasks included finding experts to examine and report on his collections from the voyage. Darwin proposed to edit these reports, writing his own forewords and notes, and used his contacts to lobby for governme... | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,676 | Having successfully completed and published the other books on the geology and zoology of the voyage, Darwin spent eight years on a major study of barnacles. Two volumes on Lepadidae (goose barnacles) were published in 1851. While he was still working on two volumes on the remaining barnacles, Darwin learnt to his deli... | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,677 | These ecological ideas are still current, and research on the details continues. In assessing the geology of the reef, Darwin showed his remarkable ability to collect facts and find patterns to reconstruct geological history on the basis of the very limited evidence available. He gave attention to the smallest detail. | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,678 | Darwin's interest on the biology of reef organisms was focussed on aspects related to his geological idea of subsidence; in particular, he was looking for confirmation that the reef building organisms could only live at shallow depths. FitzRoy's soundings at the Keeling Islands gave a depth limit for live coral of abou... | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,679 | The Admiralty instructions for the voyage stated: The circularly-formed Coral Islands in the Pacific occasionally afford excellent land-locked harbours, with a sufficient entrance, and would be well adapted to any nice astronomical observations which might require to be carried on in undisturbed tranquillity. While the... | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,680 | The results supported Darwin's theory that the various types of coral reefs and atolls could be explained by uplift and subsidence of vast areas of the Earth's crust under the oceans.The book was the first volume of three Darwin wrote about the geology he had investigated during the voyage, and was widely recognised as... | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,681 | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs, Being the first part of the geology of the voyage of the Beagle, under the command of Capt. Fitzroy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836, was published in 1842 as Charles Darwin's first monograph, and set out his theory of the formation of coral reefs and atolls. | The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | 0.780468 |
91,682 | At the end of the century, Pierre-Simon de Laplace rediscovered the conservation of A, deriving it analytically, rather than geometrically. In the middle of the nineteenth century, William Rowan Hamilton derived the equivalent eccentricity vector defined below, using it to show that the momentum vector p moves on a cir... | Fock symmetry in theory of hydrogen | 0.780468 |
91,683 | The university is also highly regarded for its top quality undergraduate programs. Nankai's mathematics, chemistry, history, business and economics programs are among the best in China.Chern, Shiing-Shen established the world's largest mathematics institute (in terms of office area) in Nankai University. | Nankai University | 0.780465 |
91,684 | The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Phylum "Nitrospirota" Garrity & Holt 2021 Genus "Candidatus Magnetocorallium" Zhao et al. 2023 Species "Ca. M. paracelense" Zhao et al. 2023 Genus ... | Nitrospirota | 0.780465 |
91,685 | Balitai was Nankai's first campus. established in 1919 and is located at Balitai in the Nankai district of Taijin. The campus hosts 10 colleges, namely the Business School, School of Economics, School of Literature, College of Chemistry, School of Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Physics, College of Foreign Language... | Nankai University | 0.780465 |
91,686 | TEDA campus is also located in the Binhai New Area and hosts the TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology and the TEDA Institute of Applied Physics. | Nankai University | 0.780465 |
91,687 | Notable alumni of Nankai university include Wang Anshun, Chinese politician and former mayor of Beijing Jerome Chen, Chinese historian and fellow of the Royal Society of Canada Shiing-Shen Chern, Chinese mathematician regarded as a leader in geometry and one of the greatest mathematicians of the twentieth century Chow ... | Nankai University | 0.780465 |
91,688 | The Pythagorean theorem allows us to calculate easily how far a satellite is visible at such a great height. It can be determined that a satellite in a 1,500-kilometer (930 mi) orbit rises and sets when the horizontal distance is 4,600 kilometers (2,900 mi). However, the atmosphere causes this figure to vary slightly. ... | Satellite balloon | 0.780464 |
91,689 | He worked at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in the agricultural department at Wellington and Ruakura, before undertaking PhD studies at University College London between 1946 and 1948, supervised by Christopher Ingold.He was appointed as an assistant lecturer in the University College London depar... | Peter de la Mare (chemist) | 0.780464 |
91,690 | Peter Bernard David de la Mare (3 September 1920 – 13 December 1989) was a New Zealand physical organic chemist. Born in Hamilton in 1920, he was the son of Sophia Ruth de la Mare (née Child), a medical practitioner, and Frederick Archibald de la Mare, a lawyer. He was educated at Hamilton High School, and then attende... | Peter de la Mare (chemist) | 0.780464 |
91,691 | In NS 3700, the draft official standard, low-energy buildings are defined. About the buildings' energy performance, two alternatives for rating their primary energy use are under discussion: A limit on a building's annual CO2 emissions, calculated by multiplying the annual supplied energy by a CO2 factor A percentage o... | High performance building | 0.780464 |
91,692 | Low-energy building design is considered important to encourage resource efficiency and reduce global climate change associated with the burning of fossil fuels. Design involves two general strategies: minimizing the need for energy use in buildings (especially for heating and cooling) through energy-efficient measures... | High performance building | 0.780464 |
91,693 | David Arnold Williams (born 9 September 1937) is a retired British astrochemist and Emeritus Perren Professor of Astronomy at University College London. | David Williams (astrochemist) | 0.780463 |
91,694 | Professor Williams field of study is astrochemistry, involving the study of molecular line emissions in outer space to analyse and interpret the evolutionary process of the universe. He led research groups at both Manchester and London and produced more than 300 publications in journals and books. His particular intere... | David Williams (astrochemist) | 0.780463 |
91,695 | He was born in Nottingham the son of Unitarian minister James Arnold and Frances Barbara (Begg) Williams. In 1945 the family moved to Larne, Northern Ireland where David was educated at Larne Grammar School. He entered Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland to study mathematics, physics and chemistry and was awa... | David Williams (astrochemist) | 0.780463 |
91,696 | He was awarded OBE in 2000. In 2009 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society for Astronomy for his contributions to astronomy in the field of astrochemistry, applying it in progressive phases of star formation, from prestellar objects to protostars to the disks and planets found around young star... | David Williams (astrochemist) | 0.780463 |
91,697 | He was an assistant lecturer at the Manchester College of Science and Technology from 1963 to 1965, after which he was a research associate at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center near Washington, D.C. from 1965 to 1967. He was then successively lecturer, reader and professor at the University of Manchester Institute o... | David Williams (astrochemist) | 0.780463 |
91,698 | It is one of the 29 conditions currently recommended for newborn screening by the American College of Medical Genetics. | 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency | 0.780463 |
91,699 | Other applications include optimal route design for facilities such as roads and power lines, the connectivity of floor plans of buildings, and the arrangement of building corridors to optimize average distance. This part of the book concludes with a treatment of the classification of two-dimensional topological surfac... | Incidence and Symmetry in Design and Architecture | 0.780461 |
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