Publish audited uscis snapshot and documentation

.gitattributes

@@ -58,3 +58,4 @@ saved_model/**/* filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 # Video files - compressed
 *.mp4 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *.webm filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+uscis.duckdb filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

CLOUD-HANDOFF.md

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+# Reproducible bounded build and pilot fixtures
+
+The full pinned USCIS build has completed and passed source-preservation and released Python/R checks. See README, VALIDATION and uscis.manifest.json for the exact full artifact and scope. Historical handoff and pilot receipts are retained separately; their earlier pending-build wording does not describe the current full snapshot.
+
+1. Use Python 3.11+ and `python -m pip install -r requirements.txt` to obtain pinned DuckDB 1.5.6 in a suitable environment. Ingestion needs only DuckDB and the standard library; no Arrow, spatial extension, credentials or datapond-build dependency.
+2. Run `python acquire_sources.py` for disk/missing-source preflight. This does not access the network. `python acquire_sources.py --download` fetches exactly the two immutable public files, 208,298,935 bytes total, and checks full lengths and SHA256. Correct existing files are reused; incomplete parts and wrong files never become verified inputs.
+3. Run `python build_database.py --lock source-lock.json --output output/uscis.duckdb` using a fresh output path. The build uses one thread, 2 GiB memory, 4 GiB spill in its private directory, 8 GiB total work cap and 2 GiB physical free reserve. Preflight requires about 10.2 GiB free including source staging. Spill remains under the chosen output parent. Do not silently lift limits after a failure.
+4. Review the complete manifest: exact rows/fields/ordinals, all NULL counts, duplicate flags/source keys, missing identifiers and date ranges/anomalies. The exact comparator processes 4,096 rows per batch and fails on changed values, missing/extra rows or noncontiguous source order.
+5. Run `python -m unittest -v test_pipeline`. The supplied first 2,048 rows per table are integration fixtures, not representative data. For a sample-only build use `python build_database.py --lock pilot/source-lock.json --output output/pilot.duckdb --pilot`. The explicit flag must match the lock and cannot label the sample as a full dataset. Pilot hashes and full expected identities remain separate.
+6. With released Python/R Datapond packages and preinstalled HTTPFS available, run `python run_smoke.py --db output/uscis.duckdb --python /path/to/python --rscript /path/to/Rscript --r-library /path/to/R/library`. Omit `--pilot` for the full snapshot. Use a fresh source copy for successive archived test runs, because the harness writes fixed evidence filenames and fresh private registry caches.
+
+The builder refuses an existing final database, WAL or manifest, builds privately, checkpoints/closes, checks disk limits synchronously, and then uses an atomic no-overwrite hard link. Hard-link support is required. If a process fails between linking the DB and writing its manifest, inspect that partial outcome; do not overwrite it or treat it as a complete release. Failed/private intermediates are retained for diagnosis. Changing a source pin requires a new full validation and independent audit, not just a successful download.
+
+Use acquire_sources.py/build_database.py as the portable entry points. Historical acquisition scripts and private run receipts are archived separately from this public export. The included fixtures do not need network access for regression tests. The original, first imported and corrected pilot artifacts remain in the archived handoff evidence and are not release candidates.

DICTIONARY.md

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+# USCIS application field dictionary
+
+The full-source row counts and exact NULL counts below were verified against both pinned Parquet footers and the completed 11,206,545-row build. They are not pilot measurements.
+
+Source commit: `dfe86ad18fd04ed6ed8281366d8bfb9c56716c1b`. Source types are preserved; `_source_row` is added. Exact missing counts avoid rounding small nonzero missingness to zero. These are stored processed-source NULL counts; upstream recoding can hide missing original values, especially TPS country of birth.
+
+[Publisher codebook](https://deportationdata.org/docs/uscis/codebook-processed.html) and [source catalog](https://deportationdata.org/data/processed/uscis.html). See FIELD-GUIDE.md for unit, duplicate, time, and linkage limits.
+
+## daca_applications
+
+4,526,373 application records; 31 source fields plus `_source_row`.
+
+| Field | DuckDB type | Source NULL count | Definition |
+| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
+| `_source_row` | BIGINT | 0 | One-based ordinal in the pinned processed Parquet; added without dropping source rows. Unique only within this table and source commit; not an applicant or application identifier across releases. |
+| `unique_identifier` | VARCHAR | 19,135 | Agency-redacted/pseudonymous applicant identifier provided in the source; it may repeat across applications. Not a unique application key. Cross-form, cross-release and EOIR/ICE linkage is not established by this importer. |
+| `ben_year_of_birth` | INTEGER | 1,326,379 | Applicant year of birth reported by the source; integer, with source missingness retained. |
+| `ben_country_of_birth` | VARCHAR | 52 | Applicant birthplace, not residence. The publisher maps C3 codes to names: failed lookups become NULL in DACA but Unlisted Entry (Any foreign country not listed) in TPS. That TPS category can conflate unresolved/invalid/missing original codes; stored NULL counts do not measure all underlying missingness. ELIS names are retained after publisher UTF-8 repair. |
+| `immigration_status` | VARCHAR | 3,685,368 | Original source immigration-status field. Values are retained without inferring current lawful status. |
+| `classification` | VARCHAR | 3,520,717 | Original source classification field; interpret with the USCIS source documentation rather than a newly invented category mapping. |
+| `form_number` | VARCHAR | 0 | Application form designation: the tables separately cover DACA I-821D and TPS I-821. |
+| `form_type` | VARCHAR | 1,291,563 | Source-reported initial/renewal/re-registration form type where available. Legacy-system missingness remains. |
+| `latest_trvl_depart_yr` | INTEGER | 4,410,604 | Year of the latest travel departure reported in the source; not a complete travel history. |
+| `latest_trvl_return_yr` | INTEGER | 4,409,873 | Year of the latest travel return reported in the source; not a complete travel history. |
+| `status` | VARCHAR | 0 | Application/case status recorded in the source snapshot; not necessarily final disposition or current beneficiary status. |
+| `status_date` | DATE | 0 | Source date associated with the recorded status; preserved as DATE. |
+| `uscis_field_office` | VARCHAR | 3,199,992 | Processing field-office label. It does not identify applicant residence. Do not substitute ICE offices/AORs or infer residence geography from this USCIS processing office. |
+| `uscis_service_center` | VARCHAR | 0 | Processing service-center label; not applicant residence geography. |
+| `data_source` | VARCHAR | 0 | USCIS case-management source system, such as C3/CLAIMS3 or ELIS. Fields and missingness vary across systems. |
+| `lpr_date` | DATE | 4,497,090 | Source lawful-permanent-residence date field, where reported; not a complete longitudinal status history. |
+| `ben_gender` | VARCHAR | 3 | Source gender field after publisher harmonization of legacy codes; labels and missingness are retained. |
+| `rec_date` | DATE | 0 | Application receipt date reported by USCIS; source duplicate groups use applicant and this date. |
+| `decision_date` | DATE | 0 | Application decision date in the source; any date-order anomalies are reported and retained. |
+| `decision` | VARCHAR | 0 | Source decision label; no independent recoding of approval/denial or beneficiary status. |
+| `latest_notice_type` | VARCHAR | 1,361,660 | Most recent source notice-type label; not a complete notice history. |
+| `latest_notice_date` | DATE | 1,361,660 | Date associated with the most recent source notice. |
+| `latest_rfe_date` | DATE | 4,212,205 | Most recent request-for-evidence date reported in the source. |
+| `latest_noid_date` | DATE | 4,509,780 | Most recent notice-of-intent-to-deny date reported in the source. |
+| `g28_flag` | VARCHAR | 0 | Original source G-28 representation flag; retained as text, without inferring complete attorney coverage. |
+| `duplicate_identifier` | INTEGER | 0 | Publisher's receipt-date group counter within an applicant grouping; not globally unique. Interpret with applicant identifier/source scope; _source_row identifies a stored row. |
+| `duplicate_last` | BOOLEAN | 0 | Last row within the publisher's applicant/receipt-date group. DACA sorts applicant (with a unique placeholder for each missing ID), receipt date, file_original, row_original; TPS additionally sorts decision_date before file_original/row_original. Later DACA reconstruction reorders rows, so physical _source_row does not reconstruct this flag. |
+| `duplicate_likely` | BOOLEAN | 19,135 | Publisher's likely-duplicate flag for repeated applicant/receipt-date groups; NULL when applicant ID or receipt date is missing. |
+| `duplicate_drop_row` | BOOLEAN | 0 | Publisher recommendation: coalesce(duplicate_likely,FALSE) AND NOT duplicate_last. Every row is retained. On unknown duplicate_likely rows this flag is false because of coalescing, not verified absence of duplication. |
+| `file_original` | VARCHAR | 0 | Original agency input-file identifier retained by the publisher. Pair with row_original and table/source commit. This pair is nonmissing and unique in both full pinned tables; no stability across releases is established. |
+| `row_original` | INTEGER | 0 | Row number in the original agency input file, distinct from _source_row in the processed Parquet. Pair with file_original and table/source commit; the pair is nonmissing and unique in this snapshot, not a persistent application or person ID. |
+| `form_type_filled_in` | VARCHAR | 5 | DACA: copies form_type for ELIS rows and every row with a missing applicant ID. Only C3 rows with a nonmissing ID are reconstructed: within applicant, ordered by decision_date, cumulative approvals including the current row give DACA - Initial when at most one, otherwise DACA - Renewal; an unknown cumulative count gives NULL. Duplicate approvals count, and a denied/pending renewal after the first approval can still be labelled Initial. This is not a uniformly observed or uniformly imputed field. |
+
+## tps_applications
+
+6,680,172 application records; 30 source fields plus `_source_row`.
+
+| Field | DuckDB type | Source NULL count | Definition |
+| --- | --- | ---: | --- |
+| `_source_row` | BIGINT | 0 | One-based ordinal in the pinned processed Parquet; added without dropping source rows. Unique only within this table and source commit; not an applicant or application identifier across releases. |
+| `unique_identifier` | VARCHAR | 604 | Agency-redacted/pseudonymous applicant identifier provided in the source; it may repeat across applications. Not a unique application key. Cross-form, cross-release and EOIR/ICE linkage is not established by this importer. |
+| `ben_year_of_birth` | INTEGER | 3,402,411 | Applicant year of birth reported by the source; integer, with source missingness retained. |
+| `ben_country_of_birth` | VARCHAR | 2,637 | Applicant birthplace, not residence. The publisher maps C3 codes to names: failed lookups become NULL in DACA but Unlisted Entry (Any foreign country not listed) in TPS. That TPS category can conflate unresolved/invalid/missing original codes; stored NULL counts do not measure all underlying missingness. ELIS names are retained after publisher UTF-8 repair. |
+| `immigration_status` | VARCHAR | 1,241,049 | Original source immigration-status field. Values are retained without inferring current lawful status. |
+| `classification` | VARCHAR | 6,679,951 | Original source classification field; interpret with the USCIS source documentation rather than a newly invented category mapping. |
+| `form_number` | VARCHAR | 0 | Application form designation: the tables separately cover DACA I-821D and TPS I-821. |
+| `form_type` | VARCHAR | 5,801 | Source-reported initial/renewal/re-registration form type where available. Legacy-system missingness remains. |
+| `latest_trvl_depart_yr` | INTEGER | 6,680,148 | Year of the latest travel departure reported in the source; not a complete travel history. |
+| `latest_trvl_return_yr` | INTEGER | 6,680,148 | Year of the latest travel return reported in the source; not a complete travel history. |
+| `status` | VARCHAR | 0 | Application/case status recorded in the source snapshot; not necessarily final disposition or current beneficiary status. |
+| `status_date` | DATE | 0 | Source date associated with the recorded status; preserved as DATE. |
+| `uscis_field_office` | VARCHAR | 3,277,763 | Processing field-office label. It does not identify applicant residence. Do not substitute ICE offices/AORs or infer residence geography from this USCIS processing office. |
+| `uscis_service_center` | VARCHAR | 0 | Processing service-center label; not applicant residence geography. |
+| `data_source` | VARCHAR | 0 | USCIS case-management source system, such as C3/CLAIMS3 or ELIS. Fields and missingness vary across systems. |
+| `lpr_date` | DATE | 6,671,621 | Source lawful-permanent-residence date field, where reported; not a complete longitudinal status history. |
+| `ben_gender` | VARCHAR | 3,635 | Source gender field after publisher harmonization of legacy codes; labels and missingness are retained. |
+| `rec_date` | DATE | 8 | Application receipt date reported by USCIS; source duplicate groups use applicant and this date. |
+| `decision_date` | DATE | 0 | Application decision date in the source; any date-order anomalies are reported and retained. |
+| `decision` | VARCHAR | 0 | Source decision label; no independent recoding of approval/denial or beneficiary status. |
+| `latest_notice_type` | VARCHAR | 3,582,645 | Most recent source notice-type label; not a complete notice history. |
+| `latest_notice_date` | DATE | 3,582,645 | Date associated with the most recent source notice. |
+| `latest_rfe_date` | DATE | 6,372,823 | Most recent request-for-evidence date reported in the source. |
+| `latest_noid_date` | DATE | 6,520,974 | Most recent notice-of-intent-to-deny date reported in the source. |
+| `g28_flag` | VARCHAR | 0 | Original source G-28 representation flag; retained as text, without inferring complete attorney coverage. |
+| `duplicate_identifier` | INTEGER | 0 | Publisher's receipt-date group counter within an applicant grouping; not globally unique. Interpret with applicant identifier/source scope; _source_row identifies a stored row. |
+| `duplicate_last` | BOOLEAN | 0 | Last row within the publisher's applicant/receipt-date group. DACA sorts applicant (with a unique placeholder for each missing ID), receipt date, file_original, row_original; TPS additionally sorts decision_date before file_original/row_original. Later DACA reconstruction reorders rows, so physical _source_row does not reconstruct this flag. |
+| `duplicate_likely` | BOOLEAN | 612 | Publisher's likely-duplicate flag for repeated applicant/receipt-date groups; NULL when applicant ID or receipt date is missing. |
+| `duplicate_drop_row` | BOOLEAN | 0 | Publisher recommendation: coalesce(duplicate_likely,FALSE) AND NOT duplicate_last. Every row is retained. On unknown duplicate_likely rows this flag is false because of coalescing, not verified absence of duplication. |
+| `file_original` | VARCHAR | 0 | Original agency input-file identifier retained by the publisher. Pair with row_original and table/source commit. This pair is nonmissing and unique in both full pinned tables; no stability across releases is established. |
+| `row_original` | INTEGER | 0 | Row number in the original agency input file, distinct from _source_row in the processed Parquet. Pair with file_original and table/source commit; the pair is nonmissing and unique in this snapshot, not a persistent application or person ID. |
+
+## Embedded metadata
+
+`_metadata` records table descriptions and source/licensing. `_columns` records types, definitions, join caveats, and exact NULL counts with percentages. Example values are intentionally unset. `_provenance` records actual input hashes, sizes, source commit and pilot scope. Pilot inputs use `local-pilot:` URLs; `original_full_source_url` and `expected_full_source_sha256` identify the original full file separately, without claiming that its full bytes were verified by the pilot.
+
+`_source_row` is a one-based physical ordinal in this exact processed file, not a stable person or application identifier.

FIELD-GUIDE.md

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+# Interpretation and source limitations
+
+The unit is an application record in a processed USCIS source snapshot. A person may have multiple applications and repeated records. Neither all rows nor approved rows measures distinct people currently holding DACA or TPS. Counts of decisions by receipt year and counts by decision year answer different questions; unresolved applications and right censoring affect comparisons.
+
+The source uses pseudonymous/redacted applicant identifiers. This pipeline makes no verified cross-form, cross-release or EOIR/ICE linkage claim. `_source_row` identifies only the physical row within a specific pinned table; it is not a persistent application identifier. `file_original` and `row_original` preserve the publisher's original-input provenance. The pair `(file_original, row_original)` is nonmissing and unique within each full pinned table; no cross-release identity guarantee follows.
+
+Publisher duplicate flags are retained. `duplicate_likely` identifies repeated applicant/receipt-date groups where both values are available; the likely flag is NULL exactly when either applicant ID or receipt date is missing in the pinned processing rule. `duplicate_last` uses applicant (a unique placeholder per missing ID), receipt date, then input-file/input-row ordering for DACA; TPS additionally sorts decision date before input file/row. Later DACA reconstruction changes physical order, so `_source_row` does not reconstruct last-in-group. `duplicate_drop_row` is `coalesce(duplicate_likely,FALSE) AND NOT duplicate_last`. The importer checks this relationship but does not drop any flagged row. Unknown likely flags lead to false drop flags through coalescing; false does not establish absence of duplication. Analysts may choose a sensitivity analysis with that publisher recommendation; it does not establish a universally correct person count.
+
+DACA `form_type_filled_in` copies original `form_type` for every ELIS row and every missing-ID row (including C3). Only `data_source='C3' AND unique_identifier IS NOT NULL` is reconstructed: 1,326,373 rows in this snapshot, versus 3,200,000 copied rows. Within applicant, the publisher orders by `decision_date`, then computes cumulative `decision == "Approved"` including the current row. Counts at most one yield `DACA - Initial`, larger counts `DACA - Renewal`, and unknown cumulative counts yield NULL. This replaces any original C3 label. A denied/pending renewal following the first approval can therefore remain Initial. Duplicate approvals also enter the cumulative sum; equal-date duplicate approvals can change the label of the last retained copy. Treat this as a heuristic, not verified application history. Compare original form type, source system and filled value. The exact pinned processing code is retained in [process_daca.R](https://github.com/ian-nason/uscis-database/blob/main/source-notes/process_daca.R) and [process_tps.R](https://github.com/ian-nason/uscis-database/blob/main/source-notes/process_tps.R).
+
+C3/CLAIMS3 and ELIS missingness differs sharply. All 1,326,378 DACA C3 and 3,402,409 TPS C3 birth-year values are NULL; only 1 DACA and 2 TPS ELIS birth years are NULL. DACA field office is NULL in 3,199,992 of 3,199,995 ELIS rows, and TPS in all 3,277,763 ELIS rows, while C3 has no field-office NULLs. These are system-coverage differences, not substantive negatives.
+
+Country of birth is not residence. Processing field offices and service centers also do not identify applicant residence and should not be joined to ICE offices/AORs as a residence proxy. These files do not provide verified residence geography.
+
+The publisher resolves legacy C3 birthplace codes with a lookup. DACA failed lookups become NULL (15 C3 NULLs; another 37 ELIS NULLs). TPS failed lookups default to `Unlisted Entry (Any foreign country not listed)`. The processed C3 subset contains 698 rows with that label; the original-code breakdown cannot be recovered, and the label can include invalid/unresolved or missing raw codes as well as any explicitly mapped category. There are no stored TPS C3 country NULLs, while ELIS has 2,637 NULLs and 51,691 Unlisted entries. DACA ELIS also has 506 Unlisted entries. The processed files cannot recover the original-code breakdown. Do not count Unlisted as a known country or equate stored NULL counts with underlying missingness.
+
+Dates and anomalies remain unchanged. The full dataset contains 15,853 DACA and 297,594 TPS rows with decision dates before receipt dates. All 149 DACA and 2,603 TPS rows flagged `duplicate_drop_row=true` remain present. There are 19,135/604 missing applicant identifiers, 19,135/612 unknown duplicate-likely flags, and 0/8 missing receipt dates respectively. DACA receipt dates reach 2012-08-05 and LPR dates 1987-08-22. TPS RFE dates reach 1999-11-16, earlier than its first receipt date 2000-01-01. TPS includes an upstream LPR date as early as 1918-04-12; this is retained as an unusual source value, not interpreted as a valid modern program event. The full manifest reports exact counts and ranges for every date column. Do not silently repair dates or calculate elapsed-time outcomes without assessing such records.
+
+The snapshot has information through February 2026. A later Git commit, download or database build timestamp is not a newer observation period. Status fields describe the released snapshot, not current legal status or a complete longitudinal event history. Source coverage, redaction, FOIA selection, administrative recording and publisher processing can all affect analyses.
+
+The dictionary's full-file NULL counts come from pinned Parquet footers and must match a full import. This importer preserves zero, empty string, redaction labels and NULL as stored in the processed source. Upstream transformations can already have merged original categories, including TPS birthplace fallback. The publisher removed fully redacted rows/blank columns, repaired ELIS UTF-8, recoded F/M/U to Female/Male/Unknown (Unknown is distinct from NULL), and harmonized TPS form labels. No imputation, general string cleanup or deduplication is added by this importer. The included pilot is the first rows in source order and is unsuitable for prevalence estimates.
+
+References: [publisher codebook](https://deportationdata.org/docs/uscis/codebook-processed.html), [source catalog](https://deportationdata.org/data/processed/uscis.html), and the retained pinned [DACA processing code](https://github.com/ian-nason/uscis-database/blob/main/source-notes/process_daca.R) and [TPS processing code](https://github.com/ian-nason/uscis-database/blob/main/source-notes/process_tps.R).
+
+The unchanged source lock retains the pre-acquisition `schema_evidence` statement "full hash remains to be checked on acquisition". That historical preflight statement is superseded by the completed manifest's `full_source_hashes_verified: true`; the lock bytes are retained for build provenance. In the manifest, `null_duplicate_flags` refers only to NULL `duplicate_drop_row`; consult `null_counts.duplicate_likely` for unknown likely flags.

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README.md

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+---
+license: cc0-1.0
+pretty_name: USCIS DACA and TPS application records
+---
+
+# USCIS DACA and TPS applications in DuckDB
+
+This snapshot packages the Deportation Data Project's processed USCIS FOIA application records for reproducible analysis in Python, R and SQL. It contains **11,206,545 application records**, not unique people or a count of current beneficiaries. The pinned source has observations through February 2026; the November 3 UTC build date is not a newer observation period.
+
+| Table | Application records | Original source fields |
+| --- | ---: | ---: |
+| `daca_applications` | 4,526,373 | 31 |
+| `tps_applications` | 6,680,172 | 30 |
+
+The full database is 391,131,136 bytes. SHA256: `e0957fb5726b990f694b08c86c0bf8f1d785a5b41d5ad5079ecaac2dfe5a2f9f`. It retains every original row, field, NULL and duplicate flag, adds a table-local `_source_row`, and includes `_metadata`, `_columns` and `_provenance`. The full build and released Python/R client checks have passed. The separate catalog integration must be merged before `uscis` works as a public Datapond identifier. Direct download and local queries are available independently of that integration.
+
+## Provenance and license
+
+The publisher repository is pinned to commit `dfe86ad18fd04ed6ed8281366d8bfb9c56716c1b`. Both complete Parquet files matched their immutable URLs, full SHA256 hashes and combined 208,298,935 bytes before ingestion. [source-lock.json](source-lock.json) records all pins, source schemas and exact NULL baselines; [uscis.manifest.json](uscis.manifest.json) records the full build and measurements. The processed record counts come from actual pinned files, rather than rounded release-announcement totals. The publisher removes fully redacted rows and entirely blank/redacted columns, repairs ELIS UTF-8, harmonizes gender labels and TPS form-type labels, and adds duplicate flags and DACA reconstruction. This importer preserves that processed output; it does not reconstruct excluded agency records.
+
+Sources: [publisher catalog](https://deportationdata.org/data/processed/uscis.html), [codebook](https://deportationdata.org/docs/uscis/codebook-processed.html), and [pinned source repository](https://github.com/deportationdata/uscis/tree/dfe86ad18fd04ed6ed8281366d8bfb9c56716c1b). The processed data are distributed under CC0-1.0; the publisher's text is retained in [LICENSE-DATA](LICENSE-DATA). Cite USCIS data processed by the Deportation Data Project, this source commit and the snapshot date. Updates depend on FOIA releases; no fixed monthly cadence is promised.
+
+## Interpretation
+
+Applicants can have multiple applications and repeated administrative records. Approved application rows do not establish how many people currently hold DACA or TPS. There is no verified cross-form, cross-release, ICE or EOIR identity link. `_source_row` is a one-based ordinal within this exact processed table, not a stable person or application identifier.
+
+| Full-source measurement | DACA | TPS |
+| --- | ---: | ---: |
+| `duplicate_drop_row = true`, retained | 149 | 2,603 |
+| Missing applicant identifier | 19,135 | 604 |
+| Unknown `duplicate_likely` flag | 19,135 | 612 |
+| Missing receipt date | 0 | 8 |
+| Decision date before receipt date, retained | 15,853 | 297,594 |
+
+Unknown duplicate flags are not false flags. Publisher duplicate recommendations are preserved, with no automatic deduplication. DACA `form_type_filled_in` copies `form_type` for ELIS and missing-ID rows; only C3 rows with an ID are reconstructed. Their cumulative approval count, ordered by decision date and including the current row, labels counts at most one Initial and larger counts Renewal (unknown counts stay NULL). Duplicate approvals count; denied/pending renewals after a first approval can be labelled Initial. See the field guide for the exact rule and limits. Source systems differ in status labels, coverage and missingness. Country of birth and processing offices do not provide residence geography. TPS maps failed C3 country-code lookups to `Unlisted Entry (Any foreign country not listed)`, so stored NULL counts do not capture all underlying missingness; DACA uses NULL for failed C3 lookups. Unusual dates, including early LPR dates, remain uncorrected; assess them before calculating durations or cohort outcomes.
+
+The historical manifest key `null_duplicate_flags` counts only NULL `duplicate_drop_row`; its value zero does not contradict the 19,135/612 unknown `duplicate_likely` values in `null_counts`. A false drop flag on these unknown rows comes from coalescing, not verified absence of duplicates.
+
+[FIELD-GUIDE.md](FIELD-GUIDE.md) explains these limits. [DICTIONARY.md](DICTIONARY.md) defines all 63 table-specific stored fields and shows exact missing counts, including the added ordinal in each table. Build/download timestamps, snapshot status, receipt dates and decision dates have different meanings.
+
+## Python and R queries
+
+After downloading the audited `uscis.duckdb` snapshot, query it locally:
+
+```python
+import duckdb
+con = duckdb.connect("uscis.duckdb", read_only=True,
+                     config={"threads": "1", "memory_limit": "128 MiB"})
+try:
+    print(con.sql("SELECT data_source, count(*) AS application_rows FROM daca_applications GROUP BY data_source ORDER BY data_source").fetchall())
+finally:
+    con.close()
+```
+
+```r
+library(DBI)
+con <- dbConnect(duckdb::duckdb(), dbdir="uscis.duckdb", read_only=TRUE)
+tryCatch({
+  dbExecute(con, "SET threads=1")
+  dbExecute(con, "SET memory_limit='128 MiB'")
+  print(dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT data_source, count(*) AS application_rows FROM daca_applications GROUP BY data_source ORDER BY data_source"))
+}, finally=dbDisconnect(con, shutdown=TRUE))
+```
+
+This example returns 1,326,378 C3 rows and 3,199,995 ELIS rows in the DACA table. Both released Datapond clients passed the same query and full counts via a temporary loopback registry: Python Datapond 0.1.5/DuckDB 1.5.6 and R Datapond 0.1.0/DuckDB 1.5.5. Their actual `datapond.connect("uscis")` and `dp_connect("uscis")` calls are in the smoke scripts; a public catalog entry is required before those identifier-based calls work without the test registry.
+
+## Reproduce and refresh
+
+Clone the [source repository](https://github.com/ian-nason/uscis-database) for build scripts and offline fixtures. Use Python 3.11+ and the pinned `duckdb==1.5.6` dependency. No Arrow, spatial extension or credentials are required for ingestion.
+
+```sh
+python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
+python acquire_sources.py
+python acquire_sources.py --download
+python build_database.py --lock source-lock.json --output output/uscis.duckdb
+```
+
+The build uses one thread, 2 GiB DuckDB memory, a 4 GiB spill cap within its private workspace, an 8 GiB work cap and a 2 GiB free-space reserve. Initial acquisition/build preflight requires about 10.2 GiB free. Existing verified sources are reused. Outputs, WALs and manifests are never overwritten; use a new output path. The filesystem must support atomic hard links. Failed work is retained for inspection. The successful work directory retains a hard link to the output. Rebuilds have new `_metadata.built_at` timestamps and need not have the same file SHA256; compare source pins, schemas and all typed row values. The published checksum identifies the distributed artifact. The measured full build took about 99 seconds with sampled peak process RSS about 1.34 GiB; these observations are not guaranteed peak bounds on other machines.
+
+The importer verifies complete source hashes, schemas, row counts, every typed source value and ordinal in bounded batches, exact NULL baselines and the publisher's duplicate-flag relationship. Missing IDs, source-key duplication and date anomalies are reported without silent repair. [VALIDATION.md](VALIDATION.md) distinguishes full execution, independent review and client checks. [CLOUD-HANDOFF.md](CLOUD-HANDOFF.md) documents the bounded workflow and included pilot fixtures.
+
+To refresh, select a new immutable publisher commit, update the complete source pins and expected schema/NULL counts, inspect processing-code changes, and repeat the build, field checks, Python/R queries and independent audits. No automatic refresh or current legal-status inference is supplied.
+
+## Snapshot files and Datapond clients
+
+[Download the database](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Nason/uscis-database/resolve/main/uscis.duckdb), [browse its versioned files](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Nason/uscis-database/tree/main), or inspect the [source repository](https://github.com/ian-nason/uscis-database). Verify the full SHA256 above. The catalog PR pins an immutable HF revision; `main` can later refer to a newer snapshot.
+
+After the separate catalog entry is merged, the released clients use:
+
+```python
+import datapond
+con = datapond.connect("uscis")
+try:
+    print(con.sql("SELECT data_source, count(*) AS application_rows FROM daca_applications GROUP BY data_source ORDER BY data_source").fetchall())
+finally:
+    con.close()
+```
+
+```r
+library(datapond)
+con <- dp_connect("uscis")
+tryCatch(print(DBI::dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT data_source, count(*) AS application_rows FROM daca_applications GROUP BY data_source ORDER BY data_source")), finally=dp_disconnect(con))
+```
+
+Before catalog integration, use the downloaded snapshot with the local Python/R examples above. The smoke scripts test the same released clients, aggregate query and exact full database through an isolated registry.

VALIDATION.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Validation of the full USCIS snapshot
+
+Primary artifact: `uscis.duckdb`, 391,131,136 bytes, SHA256 `e0957fb5726b990f694b08c86c0bf8f1d785a5b41d5ad5079ecaac2dfe5a2f9f`. This is the metadata-corrected full owner-format build, not the preserved pilot or earlier two-table minimal candidate.
+
+The unchanged importer at commit `2293a11b56aa3b1e66d03f7a8a0f9ceea9673ea8` ran against both complete verified Parquets. It compared every original typed value and added ordinal for all 11,206,545 rows in 4,096-row batches, matched 31/30 original fields and all NULL baselines, and retained every duplicate flag and source anomaly. The manifest records both application tables and their source-value checks. Independent SQL/client checks establish 2 metadata records, 63 field definitions and 2 full-source provenance rows with `is_pilot=false`; those metadata counts are not separate manifest fields.
+
+Nine importer/acquisition regressions passed locally and in the cloud. A separate Codex audit verified complete source/database hashes, schemas, all metadata definitions and NULL counts, full ordinal consistency and duplicate-flag combinations, 104 targeted complete source tuples, and six positive/negative comparator regressions. It reviewed the full comparison receipt; its 104 targeted rows are not described as a second independent full-row scan. The original independent minimal candidate also passed complete bidirectional source multiset equality and remains separate.
+
+Fresh desktop client checks on November 3 UTC passed on the corrected database SHA256 `e0957fb5726b990f694b08c86c0bf8f1d785a5b41d5ad5079ecaac2dfe5a2f9f` through Python Datapond 0.1.5/DuckDB 1.5.6 and R Datapond 0.1.0/DuckDB 1.5.5, using a private loopback registry and no pilot flag. The updated Python smoke SHA256 is `1b6b25deb9c2d95a3c1c24245838ff44822b5ec863a0dc0cdb6256bc8bd24453`; the R smoke SHA256 is `fed52c3839b63417eab7de27e3d97ed9367bf6bc0535ba696a7b4e7f817e6e6c`. Both compare all 63 descriptions and join hints with the corrected definitions; R also requires exactly two provenance rows. The nine updated importer regressions passed in 3.136 seconds from a fresh export copy. Both clients returned 4,526,373 DACA and 6,680,172 TPS rows, correct metadata and scope, and the README aggregate results. All 113 audit-packet file hashes and the full database hash were verified before this check. The original pilot evidence was preserved. These are checks of the full candidate; public URL/catalog checks follow publication.
+
+Full measured anomalies are documented in README/FIELD-GUIDE and the manifest. No filtering, deduplication, missing-value coercion or date correction was performed by this importer. Upstream publisher transformations are documented separately. Raw input hashes are checked before the build, and output DB/WAL/manifest collisions fail closed. Tests use explicit exceptions under optimized Python and owned tiny fixtures; the full production resource limits remain unchanged.
+
+The measured full build used one thread and the documented 2 GiB memory / 4 GiB spill settings under an additional external cloud resource guard. It completed in about 99 seconds with sampled peak RSS 1,441,271,808 bytes; no guard tripped. These are observed samples, not hard kernel limits. Independent full-data Codex clearance and released-client checks are complete. The first actual Claude source review found description issues in the DACA filled-form rule, TPS country fallback and manifest duplicate-count wording; the corrected source review confirms those three issues resolved. The updated full client checks and documentation clarifications address its remaining execution/status notes; release receipts record the separate final review outcome. Public-URL checks follow publication.
+
+The historical manifest key `null_duplicate_flags` measures NULL `duplicate_drop_row` only. Unknown `duplicate_likely` is recorded separately in each table's `null_counts` (19,135/612), and is not zero. The source lock is retained byte-for-byte for provenance. Its pre-acquisition `schema_evidence` phrase "full hash remains to be checked on acquisition" is superseded by the manifest's completed `full_source_hashes_verified: true`.
+
+A metadata-only correction after the first Claude review updated exactly 11 `_columns` rows (seven descriptions and four join hints) across six field names. The original full artifact SHA256 `7431fdcb3be8ba87eee249ff563c70d0c683fd8cd1314a8b6b409fa90730e641` remains preserved in the build archive. Before/after canonical typed-row SHA256 scans covered all 11,206,545 application records and matched exactly, including schemas and contiguous source ordinals. `_metadata`, `_provenance` and every other `_columns` cell are unchanged. The revised manifest records both artifact identities and the correction; source data and source-lock bytes are unchanged. This is a corrected metadata release, not a new USCIS observation period.

source-lock.json

@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+{
+  "dataset": "uscis",
+  "is_pilot": false,
+  "data_license": "CC0-1.0",
+  "source_commit": "dfe86ad18fd04ed6ed8281366d8bfb9c56716c1b",
+  "source_page": "https://deportationdata.org/data/processed/uscis.html",
+  "codebook": "https://deportationdata.org/docs/uscis/codebook-processed.html",
+  "tables": [
+    {
+      "table": "daca_applications",
+      "file": "daca-latest.parquet",
+      "local_path": "sources/daca-latest.parquet",
+      "url": "https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/deportationdata/uscis/dfe86ad18fd04ed6ed8281366d8bfb9c56716c1b/data/daca-latest.parquet",
+      "repo": "deportationdata/uscis",
+      "commit": "dfe86ad18fd04ed6ed8281366d8bfb9c56716c1b",
+      "bytes": 81070358,
+      "sha256": "ce7ad4ebece3a74623837bcc3abd80b9518efb83993cde2b3a40ead28cf9b2eb",
+      "rows": 4526373,
+      "schema": [
+        [
+          "unique_identifier",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "ben_year_of_birth",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "ben_country_of_birth",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "immigration_status",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "classification",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "form_number",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "form_type",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_trvl_depart_yr",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_trvl_return_yr",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "status",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "status_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "uscis_field_office",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "uscis_service_center",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "data_source",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "lpr_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "ben_gender",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "rec_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "decision_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "decision",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_notice_type",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_notice_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_rfe_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_noid_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "g28_flag",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "duplicate_identifier",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "duplicate_last",
+          "BOOLEAN"
+        ],
+        [
+          "duplicate_likely",
+          "BOOLEAN"
+        ],
+        [
+          "duplicate_drop_row",
+          "BOOLEAN"
+        ],
+        [
+          "file_original",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "row_original",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "form_type_filled_in",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ]
+      ],
+      "expected_null_counts": {
+        "unique_identifier": 19135,
+        "ben_year_of_birth": 1326379,
+        "ben_country_of_birth": 52,
+        "immigration_status": 3685368,
+        "classification": 3520717,
+        "form_number": 0,
+        "form_type": 1291563,
+        "latest_trvl_depart_yr": 4410604,
+        "latest_trvl_return_yr": 4409873,
+        "status": 0,
+        "status_date": 0,
+        "uscis_field_office": 3199992,
+        "uscis_service_center": 0,
+        "data_source": 0,
+        "lpr_date": 4497090,
+        "ben_gender": 3,
+        "rec_date": 0,
+        "decision_date": 0,
+        "decision": 0,
+        "latest_notice_type": 1361660,
+        "latest_notice_date": 1361660,
+        "latest_rfe_date": 4212205,
+        "latest_noid_date": 4509780,
+        "g28_flag": 0,
+        "duplicate_identifier": 0,
+        "duplicate_last": 0,
+        "duplicate_likely": 19135,
+        "duplicate_drop_row": 0,
+        "file_original": 0,
+        "row_original": 0,
+        "form_type_filled_in": 5
+      },
+      "row_groups": 5,
+      "git_lfs_pointer_blob": "2cb80e96fa102900875aa6c10ec54415f2edcbe4",
+      "schema_evidence": "Pinned Parquet footer plus actual first2048-row DuckDB read; full hash remains to be checked on acquisition"
+    },
+    {
+      "table": "tps_applications",
+      "file": "tps-latest.parquet",
+      "local_path": "sources/tps-latest.parquet",
+      "url": "https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/deportationdata/uscis/dfe86ad18fd04ed6ed8281366d8bfb9c56716c1b/data/tps-latest.parquet",
+      "repo": "deportationdata/uscis",
+      "commit": "dfe86ad18fd04ed6ed8281366d8bfb9c56716c1b",
+      "bytes": 127228577,
+      "sha256": "bb8a5edd1e64516dd389dc29bf50aede3758455ef7704c9dd73afab20f758ab7",
+      "rows": 6680172,
+      "schema": [
+        [
+          "unique_identifier",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "ben_year_of_birth",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "ben_country_of_birth",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "immigration_status",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "classification",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "form_number",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "form_type",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_trvl_depart_yr",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_trvl_return_yr",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "status",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "status_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "uscis_field_office",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "uscis_service_center",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "data_source",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "lpr_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "ben_gender",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "rec_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "decision_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "decision",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_notice_type",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_notice_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_rfe_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_noid_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "g28_flag",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "duplicate_identifier",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "duplicate_last",
+          "BOOLEAN"
+        ],
+        [
+          "duplicate_likely",
+          "BOOLEAN"
+        ],
+        [
+          "duplicate_drop_row",
+          "BOOLEAN"
+        ],
+        [
+          "file_original",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "row_original",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ]
+      ],
+      "expected_null_counts": {
+        "unique_identifier": 604,
+        "ben_year_of_birth": 3402411,
+        "ben_country_of_birth": 2637,
+        "immigration_status": 1241049,
+        "classification": 6679951,
+        "form_number": 0,
+        "form_type": 5801,
+        "latest_trvl_depart_yr": 6680148,
+        "latest_trvl_return_yr": 6680148,
+        "status": 0,
+        "status_date": 0,
+        "uscis_field_office": 3277763,
+        "uscis_service_center": 0,
+        "data_source": 0,
+        "lpr_date": 6671621,
+        "ben_gender": 3635,
+        "rec_date": 8,
+        "decision_date": 0,
+        "decision": 0,
+        "latest_notice_type": 3582645,
+        "latest_notice_date": 3582645,
+        "latest_rfe_date": 6372823,
+        "latest_noid_date": 6520974,
+        "g28_flag": 0,
+        "duplicate_identifier": 0,
+        "duplicate_last": 0,
+        "duplicate_likely": 612,
+        "duplicate_drop_row": 0,
+        "file_original": 0,
+        "row_original": 0
+      },
+      "row_groups": 7,
+      "git_lfs_pointer_blob": "9e3f97a54c2dcd375e10e09a125d3563f91dd0f5",
+      "schema_evidence": "Pinned Parquet footer plus actual first2048-row DuckDB read; full hash remains to be checked on acquisition"
+    }
+  ]
+}

uscis.duckdb

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:e0957fb5726b990f694b08c86c0bf8f1d785a5b41d5ad5079ecaac2dfe5a2f9f
+size 391131136

uscis.manifest.json

@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+{
+  "built_utc": "2026-11-03T01:21:48.062814+00:00",
+  "dataset": "uscis",
+  "is_pilot": false,
+  "full_source_hashes_verified": true,
+  "input_file_hashes_verified": true,
+  "source_lock_sha256": "0246b344f71b9d408d63c3d32a23bb442466bec1be62bcd6f490dddf8ace0134",
+  "duckdb": "1.5.6",
+  "memory_limit": "2GiB",
+  "threads": 1,
+  "spill_limit": "4GiB",
+  "working_cap_bytes": 8589934592,
+  "physical_reserve_bytes": 2147483648,
+  "tables": {
+    "daca_applications": {
+      "rows": 4526373,
+      "schema": [
+        [
+          "_source_row",
+          "BIGINT"
+        ],
+        [
+          "unique_identifier",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "ben_year_of_birth",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "ben_country_of_birth",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "immigration_status",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "classification",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "form_number",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "form_type",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_trvl_depart_yr",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_trvl_return_yr",
+          "INTEGER"
+        ],
+        [
+          "status",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "status_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "uscis_field_office",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "uscis_service_center",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "data_source",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "lpr_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "ben_gender",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "rec_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "decision_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "decision",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_notice_type",
+          "VARCHAR"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_notice_date",
+          "DATE"
+        ],
+        [
+          "latest_rfe_date",
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+          "2026-02-11"
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+          "2026-02-11"
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+          "2026-02-11"
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+    "database_bytes": 390868992,
+    "metadata_definitions": "Prior to documented field-description correction; preserved in original build archive"
+  },
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+    "original_database_sha256": "7431fdcb3be8ba87eee249ff563c70d0c683fd8cd1314a8b6b409fa90730e641",
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+        "ben_country_of_birth"
+      ],
+      [
+        "daca_applications",
+        "duplicate_drop_row"
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+      [
+        "daca_applications",
+        "duplicate_last"
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+      [
+        "daca_applications",
+        "file_original"
+      ],
+      [
+        "daca_applications",
+        "form_type_filled_in"
+      ],
+      [
+        "daca_applications",
+        "row_original"
+      ],
+      [
+        "tps_applications",
+        "ben_country_of_birth"
+      ],
+      [
+        "tps_applications",
+        "duplicate_drop_row"
+      ],
+      [
+        "tps_applications",
+        "duplicate_last"
+      ],
+      [
+        "tps_applications",
+        "file_original"
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+      [
+        "tps_applications",
+        "row_original"
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+    "comparison": "Full before/after SHA256 over schema and each compact UTF-8 JSON typed row in source-ordinal order; dates ISO-formatted under unchanged types",
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+    "all_other_column_values_unchanged": true,
+    "original_build_budget_report_scope": "final_budget_check describes the original build, before this metadata-only correction"
+  },
+  "metric_definitions": {
+    "null_duplicate_flags": "Count of NULL duplicate_drop_row only; unknown duplicate_likely is in null_counts.duplicate_likely"
+  }
+}