| ====================================================================== |
| CROSS-DICTIONARY ALIGNMENT — v2 (canonical-key) |
| Generated: 2026-04-06T12:15:31.719416 |
| ====================================================================== |
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|
| [1] LOADING DATA... |
| BT: 36103 entries |
| CH: 36700 entries |
| Sw: 25922 entries |
| DOE: 15907 entries |
| PC: 33922 lemmas |
| BT norm: 9471 unique mappings |
| CH norm: 36689 unique mappings |
| Sw norm: 25595 unique mappings |
| DOE norm: 15474 unique mappings |
|
|
| [2] BUILDING CANONICAL-KEY INDICES... |
| BT canonical keys: 34144 |
| CH canonical keys: 35755 |
| Sw canonical keys: 24659 (excluded 2437 cross-refs) |
| DOE canonical keys: 15008 |
| PC canonical keys: 33640 |
| Union of canonical keys: 63374 |
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|
| [3] PHASE 1: EXACT CANONICAL-KEY MATCHING... |
| Multi-source matches: 35592 |
| Single-source: 27782 |
|
|
| [4] PHASE 2: ELLIS VOCALIC MATCHING... |
| Ellis matches: 3467 |
|
|
| [5] EXPANDING TO ALIGNMENT ROWS... |
| Total alignment rows: 92391 |
|
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| [6] COMPUTING STATISTICS... |
|
|
| OVERALL: |
| Unique canonical keys: 63374 |
| Alignment rows: 92391 |
|
|
| MATCH TYPES: |
| ellis_vocalic : 3467 ( 5.5%) |
| exact : 35592 ( 56.2%) |
| single : 24315 ( 38.4%) |
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|
| SOURCE COVERAGE: |
| 1 source(s): 24315 ( 38.4%) |
| 2 source(s): 13188 ( 20.8%) |
| 3 source(s): 8818 ( 13.9%) |
| 4 source(s): 11600 ( 18.3%) |
| 5 source(s): 5453 ( 8.6%) |
|
|
| PER-LETTER COVERAGE: |
| Let Total BT CH Sw DOE PC |
| ----------------------------------------------- |
| _other 139 14 0 116 8 1 |
| a 3466 2020 1947 1215 1484 1797 |
| b 4724 2823 2673 1708 1994 2414 |
| c 2812 1571 1542 1019 1248 1465 |
| d 1603 941 917 598 728 866 |
| e 2762 1507 1446 933 1364 1467 |
| f 5677 3156 3146 2062 2762 3135 |
| g 7458 4611 2967 2394 2685 3068 |
| h 4886 2500 3126 2317 2558 3035 |
| i 1048 458 525 441 401 531 |
| k 8 1 0 0 3 5 |
| l 1824 1073 1258 837 0 1245 |
| m 2371 1314 1565 1207 0 1541 |
| n 1207 620 784 598 0 721 |
| o 2207 1166 1500 1005 21 1495 |
| p 575 306 351 268 0 414 |
| q 2 0 1 0 0 1 |
| r 1112 627 731 544 0 703 |
| s 6063 3501 4137 3000 0 3687 |
| t 2098 1178 1411 980 0 1275 |
| u 3046 1710 2016 1458 0 2018 |
| v 7 0 0 0 0 7 |
| w 4656 2558 3065 2138 0 2755 |
| y 481 247 363 214 1 296 |
| z 4 0 0 0 0 4 |
| æ 1512 723 845 509 583 784 |
| ð 1620 888 1177 753 0 914 |
| ø 3 0 0 0 0 3 |
| đ 3 0 0 0 0 3 |
|
|
| PAIRWISE OVERLAP (canonical keys): |
| BT ∩ CH : 20419 Jaccard=0.413 BT→CH=0.598 CH→BT=0.571 |
| BT ∩ Sw : 16158 Jaccard=0.379 BT→Sw=0.473 Sw→BT=0.655 |
| BT ∩ DOE: 7847 Jaccard=0.190 BT→DOE=0.230 DOE→BT=0.523 |
| BT ∩ PC : 18875 Jaccard=0.386 BT→PC=0.553 PC→BT=0.561 |
| CH ∩ Sw : 18232 Jaccard=0.432 CH→Sw=0.510 Sw→CH=0.739 |
| CH ∩ DOE: 9257 Jaccard=0.223 CH→DOE=0.259 DOE→CH=0.617 |
| CH ∩ PC : 24411 Jaccard=0.543 CH→PC=0.683 PC→CH=0.726 |
| Sw ∩ DOE: 7383 Jaccard=0.229 Sw→DOE=0.299 DOE→Sw=0.492 |
| Sw ∩ PC : 17113 Jaccard=0.416 Sw→PC=0.694 PC→Sw=0.509 |
| DOE ∩ PC : 9947 Jaccard=0.257 DOE→PC=0.663 PC→DOE=0.296 |
|
|
| POS CONSISTENCY (multi-source entries): |
| Agreement: 31852 (85.6%) |
| Disagreement: 5337 (14.4%) |
| (No POS info on either side excluded) |
|
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| ====================================================================== |
| ALIGNMENT LOGIC SUMMARY |
| ====================================================================== |
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| 1. DATA SOURCES |
| - Bosworth-Toller (BT): 3 columns (headword, POS, definition). Uses acute |
| accents (á, é, í, ó, ú) and hyphens in compounds (a-bacan). 36,103 entries. |
| - Clark Hall (CH): 2 columns (headword, definition with embedded POS). |
| Uses macrons (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). 36,700 entries. ± prefix indicates optional |
| ge- prefix on verbs (1,068 entries). |
| - Sweet: 2 columns in REVERSED order (definition, headword). Uses pipe | |
| as morpheme boundary. 25,922 entries. About 2,400 entries are cross- |
| references mapping to synonyms rather than format normalisations. |
| - DOE (Dictionary of Old English): 6 columns. Covers only letters A–I. |
| 15,907 entries. Most detailed POS info with verb class and declension. |
| - ParCorOE master lemma list: 2 columns (lemma, POS). 33,922 entries. |
| Uses macrons and ð (not þ). |
|
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| 2. NORMALISATION STRATEGY (THREE-LAYER) |
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|
| Layer 1 — Dictionary-specific normalisation tables: |
| Each dictionary has a normalisation table that maps its headword spellings |
| to a normalised form. This handles format conventions: hyphens, accent |
| marks (BT acute → macron), pipe separators, middle dots. |
| Coverage: BT 9,471/36,103 (26%), CH 100%, Sweet 99%, DOE 97%. |
|
|
| Layer 2 — Canonical key harmonisation: |
| The normalised forms from Layer 1 are NOT cross-dictionary consistent: |
| BT normalises 'a-bacan' → 'abacan' (no macron on prefix ā-) |
| CH normalises 'ābacan' → 'ābacan' (keeps macron) |
| ParCorOE has 'ābacan' (with macron) |
| To bridge this, we compute a CANONICAL KEY that strips all length marks |
| (macrons, acutes) from vowels and unifies þ→ð: |
| BT 'abacan' → key 'abacan' |
| CH 'ābacan' → key 'abacan' |
| PC 'ābacan' → key 'abacan' → MATCH! |
| Also handles: ± prefix stripping, (ge) suffix stripping, case folding. |
|
|
| Layer 3 — Ellis vocalic correspondences: |
| For entries still unmatched after Layer 2, systematic sound-spelling |
| correspondences from Ellis are applied: |
| ie ↔ y (Sweet ie → Late WS y): fierd/fyrd, hiene/hine |
| ie ↔ i: diere/dyre |
| io ↔ eo (EWS io → LWS eo): bion/beon, biorht/beorht |
| on ↔ an (o→a before nasals): monig/manig, monn/mann |
| om ↔ am: similarly before labial nasals |
| rg ↔ rh: burg/burh, sorg/sorh |
| ea ↔ a: breaking variants |
| eo ↔ e: before labials |
| These are applied to canonical keys to find fuzzy matches. |
|
|
| 3. ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE |
| - For each dictionary entry, apply Layer 1 (normalisation table) to get the |
| normalised form, falling back to format-stripping if no table entry exists. |
| - Compute the canonical key (Layer 2) for each normalised form. |
| - Group all entries by canonical key across all dictionaries. |
| - Phase 1 (Exact): If 2+ dictionaries share the same canonical key, align them. |
| - Phase 2 (Ellis): For single-source keys, generate Ellis variants and try |
| to match them with existing keys from other dictionaries. |
| - Phase 3 (Disambiguation): Within each canonical key group, sub-group by POS. |
| If multiple POS categories exist, add glosses for disambiguation. |
|
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| 4. SWEET CROSS-REFERENCE HANDLING |
| Sweet's normalisation table sometimes maps headwords to completely different |
| words (synonyms/see-also). These are detected by comparing the canonical keys |
| of the original headword and normalised form; if they differ by >50% of |
| characters and the difference is not a known prefix, the normalised form is |
| rejected and the headword's own stripped form is used instead. |
|
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| 5. HOMOGRAPH DISAMBIGUATION |
| When the same canonical key maps to entries with different POS tags, separate |
| alignment rows are created for each POS group, with gloss information added |
| for disambiguation. Example: 'god' → Adj ('good') vs N ('God/god'). |
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