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@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Multimodal LLMs have made substantial progress in perceiving the physical world,
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  MHB comprises **6,128 instances across 13 classification tasks and seven domains: Astronomy, Earth Science, Healthcare, Electromagnetic, Underwater Acoustics, Bioacoustics, and Manufacturing**. It spans highly heterogeneous input regimes, with sampling rates from approximately 10⁻⁵ to 10⁶ Hz, sequence lengths from 10¹ to 10⁶ samples, and both single- and multi-channel inputs. Each instance consists of a signal, a task-specific textual instruction, and a predefined label set.
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- ## Dataset Licenses and Distribution
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  MHB integrates data from multiple sources. The following table lists the source or processed-release licenses and whether the MHB input signals are included in this repository.
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@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ MHB integrates data from multiple sources. The following table lists the source
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  **License notes.** MHB's original benchmark contributions, to the extent the maintainers hold the relevant rights, are released under **CC BY-NC-SA 4.0**. Original data sources and processed releases retain their own applicable conditions and attribution requirements. No waveform files from Iquique, Yaseen, ShipsEar, or DeepShip are redistributed here; their metadata and reconstruction scripts are provided instead.
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- ## Dataset Structure
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  The repository contains a unified `meta_data.jsonl` file, task-specific data folders, and processing scripts. Each task folder follows the naming convention `Domain-Task-Task_Name`, with input signals stored under `raw_input/`.
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@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ The repository contains a unified `meta_data.jsonl` file, task-specific data fol
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  The four externally hosted datasets can be reconstructed locally using the corresponding mapping scripts. The `wav_input/` directories and `wav_data.jsonl` are generated on demand by `process/process_raw2wav.py`.
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- ## Tasks
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  All 13 tasks in MHB are formulated as classification tasks, with detailed task definitions provided in [Appendix A.1 of the paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.10693).
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@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ All 13 tasks in MHB are formulated as classification tasks, with detailed task d
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  | Manufacturing | PU_cur | 320 | Bearing fault diagnosis from motor-current signals | `Manufacturing-PU_cur-Motor_Current_Fault_Diagnosis` |
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  | **Total** | **13 tasks** | **6,128** | | |
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- ## `meta_data.jsonl` Format
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  Each line is a JSON object representing one instance. The following is a shortened example; the text fields are illustrative:
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@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ For models that generate additional explanations or text, users may append an ou
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  "Output ONLY the classification result. Do not output any other text, explanation, or punctuation."
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  ```
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- ## Reconstructing Externally Hosted Datasets
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  The waveforms of **Iquique, Yaseen, ShipsEar, and DeepShip** are not bundled in this release. Download the source data from the linked official providers, then run the relevant script from the **MHB repository root**. Each script uses `meta_data.jsonl` to select the exact MHB subset, creates the required task folder and `raw_input/` directory, and preserves the relative paths already defined in the metadata. No changes to `meta_data.jsonl` are needed.
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@@ -182,9 +182,7 @@ For the MHB mapping scripts, install the necessary Python packages:
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  pip install numpy h5py soundfile
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  ```
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- The upstream split tools, when used, may have their own dependencies.
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-
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- ### Iquique (502 instances)
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  **Source:** [SeisBench — Iquique](https://seisbench.readthedocs.io/en/main/pages/data/benchmark_datasets.html#iquique).
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@@ -196,7 +194,7 @@ python process/map_iquique.py /path/to/Iquique
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  The script uses `meta_data.trace_name` to extract the specified three-component seismic traces from the HDF5 file and saves 502 NPY files with the names and paths defined in `meta_data.jsonl`.
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- ### Yaseen (200 instances)
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  **Source:** [Official Yaseen GitHub repository](https://github.com/yaseen21khan/Classification-of-Heart-Sound-Signal-Using-Multiple-Features-).
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@@ -214,7 +212,7 @@ python process/map_yaseen.py /path/to/Classification-of-Heart-Sound-Signal-Using
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  The script selects and copies the 200 specified WAV files from the five categories.
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- ### ShipsEar (84 instances)
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  **Original data:** [ShipsEar official website](https://underwaternoise.atlanttic.uvigo.es/) (access to the complete dataset may require contacting its authors).
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@@ -234,9 +232,9 @@ Then run:
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  python process/map_shipsear.py /path/to/shipsear_with_split-12class/test
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  ```
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- Following the segmentation protocol associated with the referenced **12-class split**, the mapping script extracts **30-second windows at 15-second intervals**, including the designated Trawler test excerpt, and writes the 84 MHB test WAV files to their specified `raw_input/` paths.
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- ### DeepShip (527 instances)
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  **Original data:** [Official DeepShip GitHub](https://github.com/irfankamboh/DeepShip).
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@@ -263,7 +261,7 @@ python process/map_deepship.py /path/to/DeepShip_test
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  The script selects the 527 designated three-second test segments, renames each output WAV using the sample `id`, and copies the files to the corresponding `raw_input/` location.
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- ## RAW-to-WAV Conversion
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  For Audio LLM APIs that only accept WAV files, MHB provides `process/process_raw2wav.py`. **First reconstruct Iquique**, because its NPY inputs are not included in the repository. From the MHB root, run:
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@@ -276,7 +274,7 @@ The script converts **GWOSC, LEAVES, Iquique, Llaima, RadSeg, and RadioML** (3,4
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  The script also generates `wav_data.jsonl` in the MHB root, containing **all 6,128 instances**. For the six converted tasks, it updates `data_type` and `input_ts.path`, `length`, `num_channel`, and `fs`; it additionally sets `input_ts.channel_detail` to `[]` for **Iquique, RadSeg, and RadioML**. The other seven tasks remain unchanged and retain their original WAV/FLAC input references where applicable.
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- ## Citation
280
 
281
  If you use MHB, please cite:
282
 
 
42
 
43
  MHB comprises **6,128 instances across 13 classification tasks and seven domains: Astronomy, Earth Science, Healthcare, Electromagnetic, Underwater Acoustics, Bioacoustics, and Manufacturing**. It spans highly heterogeneous input regimes, with sampling rates from approximately 10⁻⁵ to 10⁶ Hz, sequence lengths from 10¹ to 10⁶ samples, and both single- and multi-channel inputs. Each instance consists of a signal, a task-specific textual instruction, and a predefined label set.
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45
+ # Dataset Licenses and Distribution
46
 
47
  MHB integrates data from multiple sources. The following table lists the source or processed-release licenses and whether the MHB input signals are included in this repository.
48
 
 
64
 
65
  **License notes.** MHB's original benchmark contributions, to the extent the maintainers hold the relevant rights, are released under **CC BY-NC-SA 4.0**. Original data sources and processed releases retain their own applicable conditions and attribution requirements. No waveform files from Iquique, Yaseen, ShipsEar, or DeepShip are redistributed here; their metadata and reconstruction scripts are provided instead.
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+ # Dataset Structure
68
 
69
  The repository contains a unified `meta_data.jsonl` file, task-specific data folders, and processing scripts. Each task folder follows the naming convention `Domain-Task-Task_Name`, with input signals stored under `raw_input/`.
70
 
 
97
 
98
  The four externally hosted datasets can be reconstructed locally using the corresponding mapping scripts. The `wav_input/` directories and `wav_data.jsonl` are generated on demand by `process/process_raw2wav.py`.
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+ # Tasks
101
 
102
  All 13 tasks in MHB are formulated as classification tasks, with detailed task definitions provided in [Appendix A.1 of the paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.10693).
103
 
 
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  | Manufacturing | PU_cur | 320 | Bearing fault diagnosis from motor-current signals | `Manufacturing-PU_cur-Motor_Current_Fault_Diagnosis` |
119
  | **Total** | **13 tasks** | **6,128** | | |
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+ # `meta_data.jsonl` Format
122
 
123
  Each line is a JSON object representing one instance. The following is a shortened example; the text fields are illustrative:
124
 
 
172
  "Output ONLY the classification result. Do not output any other text, explanation, or punctuation."
173
  ```
174
 
175
+ # Reconstructing Externally Hosted Datasets
176
 
177
  The waveforms of **Iquique, Yaseen, ShipsEar, and DeepShip** are not bundled in this release. Download the source data from the linked official providers, then run the relevant script from the **MHB repository root**. Each script uses `meta_data.jsonl` to select the exact MHB subset, creates the required task folder and `raw_input/` directory, and preserves the relative paths already defined in the metadata. No changes to `meta_data.jsonl` are needed.
178
 
 
182
  pip install numpy h5py soundfile
183
  ```
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+ ## Iquique (502 instances)
 
 
186
 
187
  **Source:** [SeisBench — Iquique](https://seisbench.readthedocs.io/en/main/pages/data/benchmark_datasets.html#iquique).
188
 
 
194
 
195
  The script uses `meta_data.trace_name` to extract the specified three-component seismic traces from the HDF5 file and saves 502 NPY files with the names and paths defined in `meta_data.jsonl`.
196
 
197
+ ## Yaseen (200 instances)
198
 
199
  **Source:** [Official Yaseen GitHub repository](https://github.com/yaseen21khan/Classification-of-Heart-Sound-Signal-Using-Multiple-Features-).
200
 
 
212
 
213
  The script selects and copies the 200 specified WAV files from the five categories.
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215
+ ## ShipsEar (84 instances)
216
 
217
  **Original data:** [ShipsEar official website](https://underwaternoise.atlanttic.uvigo.es/) (access to the complete dataset may require contacting its authors).
218
 
 
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  python process/map_shipsear.py /path/to/shipsear_with_split-12class/test
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  ```
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235
+ Following the segmentation protocol associated with the referenced **12-class split**, the mapping script extracts **30-second windows at 15-second intervals**, including the designated Trawler test excerpt, and writes the 84 MHB WAV files to their specified `raw_input/` paths.
236
 
237
+ ## DeepShip (527 instances)
238
 
239
  **Original data:** [Official DeepShip GitHub](https://github.com/irfankamboh/DeepShip).
240
 
 
261
 
262
  The script selects the 527 designated three-second test segments, renames each output WAV using the sample `id`, and copies the files to the corresponding `raw_input/` location.
263
 
264
+ # RAW-to-WAV Conversion
265
 
266
  For Audio LLM APIs that only accept WAV files, MHB provides `process/process_raw2wav.py`. **First reconstruct Iquique**, because its NPY inputs are not included in the repository. From the MHB root, run:
267
 
 
274
 
275
  The script also generates `wav_data.jsonl` in the MHB root, containing **all 6,128 instances**. For the six converted tasks, it updates `data_type` and `input_ts.path`, `length`, `num_channel`, and `fs`; it additionally sets `input_ts.channel_detail` to `[]` for **Iquique, RadSeg, and RadioML**. The other seven tasks remain unchanged and retain their original WAV/FLAC input references where applicable.
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+ # Citation
278
 
279
  If you use MHB, please cite:
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