Unnamed: 0.1
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0
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stringlengths
2
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term_dictionary
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term_wikidata
stringlengths
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stringlengths
33
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stringlengths
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stringlengths
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Frequency
int64
12
1.86M
200
flash flood
flash flood
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2494?rskey=3J155p&result=747
oxford_adow
flash flood
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q860333
flash flood
Sudden, intense flooding, normally strongly localized and associated with extreme *shower or *thunderstorm activity, when high rates of ... ...
rapid flooding of low-lying areas, often caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or melt water from ice or snow
[]
[ "flood" ]
r
[ "n" ]
3,134
201
Fluorescence
Fluorescence
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
Fluorescence
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q191807
fluorescence
no_definition
emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light
[]
[ "luminescence", " color" ]
r
[ "n" ]
98,686
202
foehn
FOEHN
https://www.weather.gov/otx/Full_Weather_Glossary
weathergow_fwg
foehn
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12314
foehn wind
A warm dry wind on the lee side of a mountain range. The heating and drying are due to adiabatic compression as the wind descend downslope.
a warm, dry, downslope wind descending the lee side of the Alps as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over the mountain range
[ "wind" ]
[]
r
[ "natural phenomenon", "fall wind" ]
1,753
203
fog
fog
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-617?rskey=3J155p&result=757
oxford_adow
fog
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q37477
fog
A visible suspension of water droplets in the atmosphere near the surface, and defined by international agreement as reducing visibility to less than 1 km (... ...
atmospheric phenomenon
[ "type of meteorological phenomenon" ]
[ "aerosol", " stratus", " hydrometeor" ]
r
[ "n" ]
20,006
204
force
force
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2506?rskey=UmLDLl&result=766
oxford_adow
force
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11402
force
no_definition
physical influence that tends to cause an object to change motion unless opposed by other forces
[]
[]
r
[ "physical quantity", "vector quantity", "ISQ derived quantity" ]
112,030
205
forecast
forecast
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2508?rskey=UmLDLl&result=768
oxford_adow
forecast
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q748250
prediction
A prediction of the expected weather conditions for a certain period of time ahead. Depending on their intended use, forecasts may be prepared for a particular area, place, or route between two places. Forecasts may also be classified according to the length of time covered: short-term forecasts, 24 hours to 3 days; .....
statement about an uncertain event, which is often based upon experience or knowledge
[]
[]
r
[ "occurrence" ]
91,639
206
Forestry
Forestry
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
Forestry
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q38112
forestry
no_definition
science and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources for human and environmental benefits
[ "academic discipline", " field of study", " specialty", " industry" ]
[ "agriculture and forestry", " engineering" ]
r
[ "n" ]
34,217
207
freezing rain
freezing rain
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2527?rskey=gzvYrs&result=788
oxford_adow
freezing rain
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11120024
freezing rain
*Rain that falls as liquid droplets, but which freezes on contact with the ground, trees, or other objects that are below 0 °C, creating a layer of ... ...
rain, whose water is supercooled
[]
[ "rain" ]
r
[ "n" ]
863
208
frequency
frequency
https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/product/Earths-Climate/p/1429255250
ec_pf3
frequency
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11652
frequency
The number of full wave forms (each with one peak and one trough) that occur within a defined interval of time (usually 1 year). Also, the inverse of the period.
number of occurrences or cycles per time
[]
[]
r
[ "physical quantity", "scalar quantity", "reciprocal duration" ]
347,994
209
friction
friction
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2529?rskey=gzvYrs&result=791
oxford_adow
friction
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q82580
friction
The mechanical resistance that occurs between two substances that are in motion relative to one another; between a fluid medium and any object in contact with it (including another fluid), and between adjacent layers in a single medium. In meteorology the effects of friction are particularly important in the flow of ai...
force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other
[]
[ "surface force", " nonconservative force", " contact force", " resistance force" ]
r
[ "n" ]
24,776
210
front
front
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2532?rskey=gzvYrs&result=794
oxford_adow
front
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q189796
weather front
The boundary or zone of transition between two *air masses of different temperature or *humidity, which thus differ in density. Specific types of front are either features of the overall ... ...
boundary separating two masses of air of different densities
[ "interface" ]
[]
r
[]
48,813
211
frost
FROST
https://www.weather.gov/otx/Full_Weather_Glossary
weathergow_fwg
frost
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4590598
frost
The formation of thin ice crystals on the ground or other surfaces in the form of scales, needles, feathers, or fans. Frost develops under conditions similar to dew, except the temperatures are colder.
coating or deposit of ice that may form in humid air in cold conditions, usually overnight
[ "ice" ]
[]
r
[ "phenomenon", "hydrometeor" ]
14,089
212
frost heave
frost heave
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2541?rskey=7jaOzX&result=805
oxford_adow
frost heave
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1432833
frost heaving
The disturbance of the surface of the ground when water, freezing in the form of ice lenses, expands with consequent movement of the soil. The mechanism is involved in the formation of polygonal ground (regular patterns of stones) in Arctic and ... ...
results from ice forming beneath the surface of soil during freezing conditions
[]
[]
r
[ "natural phenomenon" ]
465
213
fusion
fusion
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2552?rskey=7jaOzX&result=817
oxford_adow
fusion
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q106080
melting
Another term for melting. ...
phase change from solid to liquid
[]
[]
r
[ "liquefaction", "phase change" ]
69,258
214
gamma radiation
gamma radiation
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2558?rskey=MHKZIZ&result=825
oxford_adow
gamma radiation
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11523
gamma ray
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum beyond the X-ray region, where photons have the shortest wavelengths (<0.01nm, approximately) and the highest energies (100  keV to >10  GeV). Gamma rays most commonly arise through radioactive decay of atomic nuclei (of ... ...
electromagnetic radiation of high frequency and therefore high energy
[ "type of quantum particle", "electromagnetic radiation" ]
[]
r
[ "radiation" ]
366
215
GARP
GARP
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2560?rskey=MHKZIZ&result=829
oxford_adow
GARP
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q16251355
Global Association of Risk Professionals
no_definition
membership association for risk managers
[ "professional association" ]
[]
o
[]
1,084
216
GCM
Gcm
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
GCM
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q650994
general circulation model
no_definition
type of climate model
[ "climate model" ]
[]
r
[ "climate model" ]
47,127
217
gelsolin
no_term_y
no_link
no_source
gelsolin
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q18297560
GSN
no_definition
protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
[ "gene" ]
[]
r
[ "protein-coding gene" ]
1,147
218
general circulation model
general circulation model
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2567?rskey=MHKZIZ&result=838
oxford_adow
general circulation model
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q650994
general circulation model
A complex computer program that simulates the behaviour of the *general circulation of the Earth's atmosphere or oceans (or both). Such models are used for the investigation of individual phenomena, and also for modelling ... ...
type of climate model
[ "climate model" ]
[ "climate model" ]
r
[ "n" ]
6,282
219
geomagnetic field
geomagnetic field
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2573?rskey=q4coXf&result=845
oxford_adow
geomagnetic field
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6500960
Earth's magnetic field
The magnetic field that is generated within the Earth and extends out into space. The precise details of the mechanism by which the field is produced remain uncertain, but the dynamo action is believed to arise from circulating vortices in the liquid core.... ...
magnetic field that extends from the Earth's inner core to where it meets the solar wind
[ "planetary magnetic field" ]
[]
r
[ "magnetism" ]
1,210
220
geomagnetism
Geomagnetism
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
geomagnetism
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q114591
geomagnetism
no_definition
aspect of geophysics which deals with the natural earth magnetic field or the effect of artificial (technically produced) magnetic fields on the earth's crust
[ "branch of physics" ]
[ "geophysics" ]
r
[ "n" ]
85
221
geophysics
geophysics
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2576?rskey=q4coXf&result=848
oxford_adow
geophysics
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46255
geophysics
The study of all aspects of the physical properties of the Earth. The discipline involves such fields as geology, *... ...
study of physical processes and phenomena occurring in the earth and in its vicinity
[ "academic discipline", " academic major", " branch of science" ]
[ "geology", " physics" ]
r
[ "n" ]
948
222
geopotential height
geopotential height
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2577?rskey=q4coXf&result=849
oxford_adow
geopotential height
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12432978
geopotential height
A measure of the altitude of a point or layer in the atmosphere. Technically, it is expressed in terms of the ... ...
Measurement of height that adjusts for the variation of gravity with latitude and altitude
[]
[ "height" ]
r
[ "n" ]
21,961
223
geostrophic wind
Geostrophic wind
https://ggweather.com/met10/Glossary.pdf
essen_meteo
geostrophic wind
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q929043
geostrophic wind
A theoretical horizontal wind blowing in a straight path, parallel to the isobars or contours, at a constant speed. The geostrophic wind results when the Coriolis force exactly balances the horizontal pressure gradient force.
theoretical wind that would result from an exact balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force
[]
[ "wind" ]
r
[ "n" ]
1,366
224
glacier
glacier
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-3823?rskey=wyf1nE&result=865
oxford_adow
glacier
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q35666
glacier
A large body of ice that has resulted from the accumulation of snow over mountains or a central land mass, and which moves downhill under the influence of gravity. Glaciers transport large quantities of material derived from surrounding rocks, and carve out characteristic U-shaped valleys. At the edge of an ... ...
large persistent body of ice
[]
[]
r
[ "perennial ice or snow‐covered land", "ice cover" ]
26,132
225
glaciology
glaciology
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2589?rskey=wyf1nE&result=867
oxford_adow
glaciology
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q52120
glaciology
The study of all aspects of ice and snow, especially as they occur in *glaciers, *ice caps, and ... ...
study of glaciers
[ "branch of geology", " academic major", " field of study" ]
[ "hydrology", " geology" ]
r
[ "n" ]
126
226
glia
no_term_y
no_link
no_source
glia
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q177105
neuroglia
no_definition
type of cells in nervous system
[ "cell type" ]
[]
o
[ "set of cells", "cell", "neural cell" ]
4,581
227
global dimming
global dimming
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2594?rskey=wyf1nE&result=877
oxford_adow
global dimming
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q211627
global dimming
A decrease in the amount of solar *radiation reaching the Earth's surface, primarily caused by the haze produced by industrialization. This phenomenon, which occurred from the 1950s to the 1980s, and is now thought to have come to an end, partially offset ... ...
gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth's surface; approx. 4% reduction over 1960–1990; caused by an increase in atmospheric particulates (e.g. sulfate aerosols) due to human action
[ "atmospheric phenomenon" ]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
348
228
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-3824?rskey=EwB7Dt&result=883
oxford_adow
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1425042
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
An instrument carried by the European satellite ERS-2 for mapping the global *ozone layer. Its two-dimensional mapping function was extended to three dimensions by the more sophisticated equipment carried by ... ...
spacecraft instrument
[]
[ "space instrument", " spectrometer" ]
r
[ "n" ]
296
229
global radiation
global radiation
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2599?rskey=EwB7Dt&result=886
oxford_adow
global radiation
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1531731
solar irradiance
The overall total of solar direct and indirect radiation as received by a horizontal surface. ...
power per area received from the sun
[ "measured quantity value" ]
[]
r
[]
2,090
230
global warming
Global warming
https://ggweather.com/met10/Glossary.pdf
essen_meteo
global warming
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7942
climate change
Increasing global surface air temperatures that show up in the climate record. The term global warming is usually attributed to human activities, such as increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases from automobiles and industrial processes, for example.
current rise in Earth's average temperature and related large-scale shifts in weather patterns due to man-made gasocrine processes.
[ "environmental issue", "human impact on the environment", "atmospheric phenomenon" ]
[]
r
[ "external risk", "global climate change" ]
34,616
231
glomeruli
no_term_y
no_link
no_source
glomeruli
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q909882
glomerulus
no_definition
functional unit of nephron
[ "class of anatomical entity" ]
[]
r
[ "region of uriniferous tubule", "particular anatomical entity" ]
2,118
232
GMS
GMS
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2605?rskey=EwB7Dt&result=893
oxford_adow
GMS
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2246672
Greater Mekong Subregion
A series of Japanese *geostationary satellites, stationed at 140°  E. ...
trans-national region of the Mekong River in Southeast Asia
[ "geographic region" ]
[]
o
[]
2,175
233
GOES
GOES
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2608?rskey=EwB7Dt&result=897
oxford_adow
GOES
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q976688
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
A series of *geostationary meteorological satellites launched by the United States, normally with two operational satellites at any time: GOES-E at longitude 75°  W, and GOES-W at 135°  W.... ...
United States weather forecasting satellite series
[ "spacecraft series", "artificial satellite of the Earth" ]
[]
r
[ "weather satellite", "geostationary satellite" ]
15,801
234
GOME
GOME
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2609?rskey=EwB7Dt&result=900
oxford_adow
GOME
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1425042
Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
no_definition
spacecraft instrument
[]
[]
r
[ "spectrometer", "space instrument" ]
4,426
235
GPM
GPM
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-4113?rskey=PFCEws&result=905
oxford_adow
GPM
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3108963
Global Precipitation Measurement
no_definition
NASA and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency project to measure global rainfall
[ "Earth observation satellite" ]
[]
r
[]
6,935
236
GPS
Gps
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
GPS
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q18822
Global Positioning System
no_definition
American satellite-based radio navigation service
[ "radionavigation-satellite service", "global navigation satellite system" ]
[]
r
[ "avionics", "positioning system" ]
16,787
237
gradient
gradient
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2614?rskey=PFCEws&result=907
oxford_adow
gradient
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q173582
gradient
The variation in a specific parameter with respect to distance. In meteorology, generally taken to be a two-dimensional property, although three-dimensional gradients may become significant in the study of individual phenomena. Of particular importance are ... ...
multi-variable generalization of the derivative
[ "mathematical expression" ]
[ "vector gradient", " vector operator", " differential operator" ]
r
[ "n" ]
131,432
238
Grass
Grass
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
Grass
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q643352
grass
no_definition
common name for a group of plants. For the taxonomic class see Q43238
[ "organisms known by a particular common name", " plant life-form" ]
[ "plant" ]
r
[ "n" ]
25,778
239
Graupel
graupel
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-731?rskey=PFCEws&result=911
oxford_adow
Graupel
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q213202
graupel
Frozen *precipitation in the form of opaque *snow pellets produced when *supercooled water droplets collide and freeze. Typical diameters are 2–5 mm.... ...
precipitation that forms when supercooled droplets of water freeze on a falling snowflake
[ "type of meteorological phenomenon" ]
[ "precipitation" ]
r
[ "n" ]
6,077
240
greenhouse effect
Greenhouse effect
https://ggweather.com/met10/Glossary.pdf
essen_meteo
greenhouse effect
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q41560
greenhouse effect
The warming of an atmosphere by its absorbing and emitting infrared radiation while allowing shortwave radiation to pass on through. The gases mainly responsible for the earth's atmospheric greenhouse effect are water vapor and carbon dioxide. See Atmospheric greenhouse effect.
atmospheric phenomenon
[ "meteorological phenomenon", " meteorology" ]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
2,175
241
greenhouse gas
greenhouse gas
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2623?rskey=PFCEws&result=918
oxford_adow
greenhouse gas
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q167336
greenhouse gas
Any of the various gases that exert a *greenhouse effect, particularly those present in the Earth's atmosphere, the most significant of which are ... ...
gas in an atmosphere of a planet (usually Earth) that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range and causes the greenhouse effect
[]
[ "radiatively active gas" ]
r
[ "n" ]
21,408
242
Groundwater
Groundwater
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
Groundwater
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q161598
groundwater
no_definition
water located beneath the ground surface
[]
[ "land waters", " raw water" ]
r
[ "n" ]
188,300
243
Gulf Stream
Gulf Stream
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2635?rskey=xehMau&result=932
oxford_adow
Gulf Stream
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q130905
Gulf Stream
The portion of the North Atlantic *gyre that lies between the point where the *Antilles and *Florida Currents... ...
Atlantic ocean current
[ "ocean current" ]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
4,221
244
gyre
gyre
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-755?rskey=xehMau&result=939
oxford_adow
gyre
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1250263
ocean gyre
The large-scale circulation formed by the wind-driven surface currents within the major ocean basins. The main gyres are clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern. They are centred at approximately 30°  N and 30°  S and, because of the Earth's rotation, are stronger on the western sides of ...
large system of rotating ocean currents
[]
[]
r
[ "ocean current", "vortex" ]
8,881
245
Hadley Circulation
Hadley Circulation
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119548164
enso_cc
Hadley Circulation
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q338589
Hadley cell
thermally driven meridional circulation in the atmosphere consisting of poleward flow in the upper troposphere, subsiding air over high pressure regions of the subtropics, a return surface flow as part of the trade winds, and rising air in the Intertropical Convergence Zone .
tropical atmospheric circulation feature
[ "cellular circulation" ]
[]
r
[]
4,315
246
hail
HAIL
https://www.weather.gov/otx/Full_Weather_Glossary
weathergow_fwg
hail
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q37602
hail
Precipitation of small balls or other pieces of ice (hailstones) falling separately or frozen together in irregular lumps. (Typically associated with thunderstorms and surface temperatures above freezing).
type of precipitation formed out of ice
[ "type of meteorological phenomenon" ]
[]
r
[ "precipitation" ]
8,264
247
half-life
half-life
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2647?rskey=Xj3KRy&result=948
oxford_adow
half-life
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q47270
half-life
The period of time taken for half the atomic nuclei in any given sample of a radioactive element to decay. Half-lives range from a fraction of a second to many thousands of years. ... ...
mean duration after which a decaying quantity has reached half of its initial value
[]
[ "duration", " scalar quantity" ]
r
[ "n" ]
8,794
248
harmonics
harmonics
https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/product/Earths-Climate/p/1429255250
ec_pf3
harmonics
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1148098
harmonic
Secondary cycles related to a wavelike cli- matic response with a period N , occurring at periods of N /2, N /3, N /4, and so on.
component of a wave whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency
[ "multiple" ]
[]
r
[ "frequency" ]
8,060
249
Haze
Haze
https://ggweather.com/met10/Glossary.pdf
essen_meteo
Haze
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q643546
haze
Fine dry or wet dust or salt particles dispersed through a portion of the atmosphere. Individually these are not visible but cumulatively they will diminish visibility. Dry haze particles are very small, on the order of 0.1 mm. Wet haze particles are larger.
atmospheric phenomenon in which dust, smoke, and other dry particulates obscure the clarity of the sky
[]
[ "atmospheric optical phenomenon", " natural phenomenon" ]
r
[ "n" ]
13,436
250
Headwaters
Headwaters
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
Headwaters
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7376362
river source
no_definition
start of a river or stream
[ "source type" ]
[]
r
[ "beginning of a watercourse", "spring", "geographical feature" ]
2,989
251
heat capacity
Heat capacity
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
heat capacity
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q179388
heat capacity
no_definition
thermal property describing the energy required to change a material's temperature
[]
[ "extensive quantity", " thermodynamic material property", " physical quantity" ]
r
[ "n" ]
7,061
252
heat index
heat index
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-4120?rskey=O1g5S7&result=967
oxford_adow
heat index
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2141844
heat index
An index combining temperature and humidity to provide an indication of the apparent temperature at some other value of humidity.... ...
temperature index that accounts for the effects of humidity
[ "meteorological index" ]
[ "apparent temperature" ]
r
[ "n" ]
606
253
helium
Helium
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
helium
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q560
helium
no_definition
chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2; rare gas
[ "chemical element", "atmophile element" ]
[ "Haskell" ]
r
[ "nonmetal", "noble gases", "s-block" ]
3,456
254
Hf
Hf
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_4.html
ametsoc_g
Hf
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15115271
high frequency
no_definition
range 3-30 MHz of the electromagnetic spectrum
[ "ITU radio band" ]
[]
r
[]
13,575
255
Holocene
Holocene
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119548164
enso_cc
Holocene
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q25445
Holocene
the last 11,650 years of Earth’s history, a relatively warm period following the last glacial maximum.
current geological epoch, covering the last 11,700 years
[ "epoch", " series" ]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
14,724
256
humidity
humidity
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2696?rskey=D0lF3m&result=1011
oxford_adow
humidity
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q180600
humidity
A measure of the *water vapour content of the air, and generally taken to be the *relative humidity... ...
amount of water vapor in the air
[]
[ "climatic factor", " intensive quantity" ]
r
[ "n" ]
110,184
257
hurricane
hurricane
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-3826?rskey=D0lF3m&result=1014
oxford_adow
hurricane
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q34439356
hurricane
The term is used for a *tropical cyclone that occurs in the Atlantic, Caribbean, or eastern Pacific. ...
group of tropical storms of the Atlantic and east Pacific basins with sustained wind speeds > 64 kt. Classified by Saffir–Simpson scale
[]
[]
r
[ "meteorological disaster" ]
16,426
258
hydrogen
hydrogen
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2702?rskey=FtJFx3&result=1022
oxford_adow
hydrogen
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q556
hydrogen
A flammable gas, the lightest element, consisting in its simplest form of one electron and one proton. There are two further ... ...
chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1
[ "atmophile element", " chemical element" ]
[ "nonmetal" ]
r
[ "n" ]
77,660
259
hydrologic cycle
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
https://www.weather.gov/otx/Full_Weather_Glossary
weathergow_fwg
hydrologic cycle
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81041
water cycle
the composite picture of the interchange of water substance between the earth, the atmosphere and the seas which includes the change of state and vertical and horizontal transport.
continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth
[]
[]
r
[ "biogeochemical cycle" ]
2,129
260
hydrological cycle
hydrological cycle
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2705?rskey=FtJFx3&result=1025
oxford_adow
hydrological cycle
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q81041
water cycle
The transport of water in all its forms within and between the atmosphere, *cryosphere, *hydrosphere, and the Earth's surface. It is a closed cycle, although very small quantities of ... ...
continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth
[]
[]
r
[ "biogeochemical cycle" ]
8,310
261
hydrology
hydrology
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2706?rskey=FtJFx3&result=1026
oxford_adow
hydrology
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q42250
hydrology
The study of water in that portion of the *hydrological cycle that excludes specifically atmospheric processes. It therefore covers the effects and properties of water as ... ...
science that deals with the water above, on and below the land surface of the earth
[ "academic discipline", " branch of science", " specialty" ]
[ "science" ]
r
[ "n" ]
19,853
262
hydrolysis
hydrolysis
https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/product/Earths-Climate/p/1429255250
ec_pf3
hydrolysis
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q103135
hydrolysis
A form of chemical weathering in which wa- ter reacts with silicate minerals (those rich in silicon and oxygen) to produce dissolved ions removed in rivers and clays left on the landscape.
cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water
[]
[ "chemical reaction" ]
r
[ "n" ]
28,535
263
hydroxyl
hydroxyl
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2710?rskey=FtJFx3&result=1030
oxford_adow
hydroxyl
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q104116
hydroxyl
A molecule consisting of one hydrogen and one oxygen atom, created in the upper atmosphere by the *dissociation of water vapour into the hydroxyl radical and hydrogen.... ...
chemical group
[ "functional group" ]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
13,943
264
hypothermia
hypothermia
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-4133?rskey=FtJFx3&result=1038
oxford_adow
hypothermia
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1036696
hypothermia
The loss of body core temperature, often as a result of exposure to extremely cold conditions or immersion in cold water.... ...
human body core temperature below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F)
[ "symptom or sign", " abnormally low value", " cause of death", " clinical sign", " disease" ]
[ "neurological and physiological symptom" ]
r
[ "n" ]
587
265
hypothesis
hypothesis
https://www.macmillanlearning.com/college/us/product/Earths-Climate/p/1429255250
ec_pf3
hypothesis
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q41719
hypothesis
An explanation of observations based on physical principles.
proposed explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem
[]
[ "work", " premise", " proposition" ]
r
[ "n" ]
115,864
266
IASI
IASI
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2719?rskey=FtJFx3&result=1040
oxford_adow
IASI
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1623073
Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer
no_definition
spacecraft meteorological instrument
[ "space instrument" ]
[]
r
[ "meteorological instrument", "Fourier transform spectrometer" ]
3,459
267
Ice
Ice
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
Ice
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q23392
ice
no_definition
water frozen into the solid state
[ "type of chemical entity" ]
[ "solid", " water" ]
r
[ "n" ]
326,662
268
ice sheet
ice sheet
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-845?rskey=15pQGy&result=1062
oxford_adow
ice sheet
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12599
ice sheet
no_definition
large mass of glacier ice
[]
[ "ice cap" ]
r
[ "n" ]
11,108
269
ice shelf
ice shelf
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2737?rskey=15pQGy&result=1063
oxford_adow
ice shelf
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q46966
ice shelf
An extensive area of thick ice, fed by glaciers from a neighbouring *ice cap or *ice sheet, that extends outwards from the coast, and the outer portion of which is floating rather than being grounded on the sea-floor. At the seaward edge, calving produces large tabular ... ...
floating platform of ice on the ocean surface, at outlet of a glacier or ice sheet
[]
[ "glacier" ]
r
[ "n" ]
2,619
270
icing
icing
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2740?rskey=15pQGy&result=1068
oxford_adow
icing
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12060664
icing conditions
The deposition of ice on aircraft, in the form of *frost, *glaze, *rime, or a mixture of the two last. Icing most commonly occurs at temperatures just below freezing, and its rate increases with the ... ...
in aviation; atmospheric conditions that can lead to the formation of water ice on various surfaces
[ "cause of accident" ]
[ "regulation of sport" ]
r
[]
3,442
271
Image
Image
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
Image
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q478798
image
no_definition
artifact that depicts or records visual perception
[]
[ "two-dimensional object", " artificial object" ]
r
[ "n" ]
94,192
272
IMERG
IMERG
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-4141?rskey=15pQGy&result=1076
oxford_adow
IMERG
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q121747699
Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM
no_definition
[ "algorithm" ]
[]
r
[]
7,032
273
index
Index
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
index
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1738991
index number
no_definition
type of number
[]
[]
r
[ "index" ]
272,002
274
Indian Ocean Dipole
Indian Ocean Dipole
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2749?rskey=iLz2hI&result=1081
oxford_adow
Indian Ocean Dipole
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1574518
Indian Ocean Dipole
A tentatively identified and named *oscillation of *sea-surface temperatures and atmospheric *pressure between the eastern and western portions of the Indian Ocean which resembles a lesser version of the ... ...
irregular oscillation of sea-surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean
[]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
1,901
275
influenza
no_term_y
no_link
no_source
influenza
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2840
influenza
no_definition
infectious disease caused by an influenza virus
[ "class of disease", " infectious disease", " symptom or sign" ]
[ "respiratory disease", " Orthomyxoviridae infectious disease", " Virus diseases of plants", " acute viral respiratory tract infection", " viral infectious disease", " disease" ]
r
[ "n" ]
16,872
276
insolation
insolation
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2758?rskey=iLz2hI&result=1092
oxford_adow
insolation
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q216973
insolation
The solar radiation that is received at the Earth's surface per unit area. It varies according to latitude and, over the course of a year, with the season and also slightly because of the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit. There are also long-term changes because of suspected variations in the ... ...
exposure of surfaces to sunlight
[]
[ "irradiance" ]
r
[ "n" ]
9,972
277
instability
Instability
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
instability
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q405372
instability
no_definition
characterized by some of the outputs or internal states growing without bounds
[ "type of property" ]
[ "risk source", " state" ]
r
[ "n" ]
32,678
278
intensification
intensification
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2762?rskey=iLz2hI&result=1098
oxford_adow
intensification
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q38178665
intensification
The increase, with time, of the overall *pressure gradient around the centre of a system, such as the increase in pressure in an ... ...
act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense
[]
[ "process" ]
r
[ "n" ]
19,332
279
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-872?rskey=epEnho&result=1101
oxford_adow
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q171183
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
A panel of experts established in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme and the *World Meteorological Organization with a mandate to assess knowledge of the climate system and ... ...
scientific intergovernmental body
[ "organization established by the United Nations", " nonprofit organization", " intergovernmental organization", " environmental organization" ]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
6,276
280
International Polar Year
International Polar Year
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-876?rskey=epEnho&result=1107
oxford_adow
International Polar Year
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q784374
International Polar Year
One of two periods, 1 August 1882 to 1 September 1883 (the First Polar Year, FPY), and 1 August 1932 to 31 August 1933 (the Second Polar Year, SPY), during which extensive meteorological, magnetic and auroral observations were carried out. The periods were chosen to coincide with times of ... ...
efforts with intensive research foci on the polar regions
[ "International Year" ]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
114
281
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-4147?rskey=epEnho&result=1108
oxford_adow
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6052840
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
A long-term archive of data concerning cloud cover obtained from satellite data. The form of the archive, which was established in 1982, is standardized to facilitate climatic research.... ...
[]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
917
282
internet
no_term_y
no_link
no_source
internet
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q75
Internet
no_definition
global system of connected computer networks based on IP addressing and routing protocols
[ "invention", " computer network" ]
[ "telecommunications network" ]
r
[ "n" ]
5,560
283
Intertropical Convergence Zone
Intertropical Convergence Zone
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2772?rskey=epEnho&result=1112
oxford_adow
Intertropical Convergence Zone
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q753858
Intertropical Convergence Zone
The region over the tropical oceans where the *trade winds from the northern and southern hemispheres *converge, generally marked by a more or less continuous band of ... ...
Meteorological phenomenon
[ "geographic region" ]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
3,145
284
inversion
inversion
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-883?rskey=epEnho&result=1116
oxford_adow
inversion
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q190096
inversion
A point or layer at which the *lapse rate becomes zero, or changes sign. Note that technically, contrary to common usage, an inversion does not solely indicate an increase of temperature with height. There is an inversion at the ... ...
deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude
[ "atmospheric condition" ]
[ "inversion" ]
r
[ "temperature gradient" ]
34,714
285
inversion layer
inversion layer
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2776?rskey=epEnho&result=1117
oxford_adow
inversion layer
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q25615856
inversion layer
A layer in which there is a temperature *inversion. Inversions frequently occur in *anticyclones, but are also common in ... ...
concept in meteorology
[]
[]
r
[ "atmospheric layer" ]
2,026
286
ionization
ionization
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2778?rskey=epEnho&result=1119
oxford_adow
ionization
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q190382
ionization
The process by which an atom or molecule gains or loses one or more electrons and becomes negatively or positively charged. In the atmosphere, ionization occurs predominantly above 50 km, where it is caused by ... ...
process by which atoms or molecules acquire charge by gaining or losing electrons
[]
[ "phase change", " chemical reaction" ]
r
[ "n" ]
12,398
287
IPCC
IPCC
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2780?rskey=cK4xUJ&result=1121
oxford_adow
IPCC
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q171183
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
no_definition
scientific intergovernmental body
[ "organization established by the United Nations", "environmental organization", "intergovernmental organization", "nonprofit organization" ]
[]
r
[]
24,750
288
Ir
Ir
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
Ir
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11388
infrared radiation
no_definition
electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than those of visible light
[]
[]
r
[ "electromagnetic radiation" ]
36,372
289
iridescence
iridescence
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2782?rskey=cK4xUJ&result=1123
oxford_adow
iridescence
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q957208
iridescence
Brilliant colours that occur in certain clouds, most markedly as red and green tints, with occasional yellow and blue. Although arising from the same mechanism (... ...
property in which fine colors, changeable with the angle of view or angle of illumination, are produced on a surface by the interference of light that is reflected from both the front and back of a thin film
[ "optical phenomenon", " color in nature", " optical property" ]
[ "structural coloration" ]
r
[ "n" ]
123
290
Irrigation
Irrigation
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
Irrigation
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q21893647
irrigation
no_definition
flushing an area affected by a toxin with water or saline to remove the agent
[ "medical procedure type", " first aid" ]
[ "water flush", " medical procedure" ]
r
[ "n" ]
120,674
291
ISCCP
Isccp
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
ISCCP
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6052840
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
no_definition
[]
[]
r
[]
7,753
292
Isoprene
Isoprene
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
Isoprene
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q271943
isoprene
no_definition
chemical compound
[ "type of chemical entity" ]
[ "biogenic aliphatic hydrocarbon", " diene" ]
r
[ "n" ]
14,764
293
isotope
isotope
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-920?rskey=FsYhsK&result=1158
oxford_adow
isotope
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q25276
isotope
A chemical element that exists in two or more forms with different atomic masses, i.e. as atoms that have identical numbers of protons within their nuclei, but differing numbers of neutrons. The majority of elements consist of a mixture of isotopes, e.g. carbon, which has six protons, but six, seven, or eight neutrons,...
nuclides having the same atomic number but different mass numbers
[ "second-order class" ]
[ "nuclide" ]
r
[ "n" ]
39,605
294
ITCZ
Itcz
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
ITCZ
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q753858
Intertropical Convergence Zone
no_definition
Meteorological phenomenon
[ "geographic region" ]
[]
r
[]
24,941
295
Jacobian
Jacobian
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
Jacobian
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q506041
Jacobian matrix
no_definition
the matrix of all first-order partial derivatives of a vector-valued function
[]
[]
o
[ "matrix" ]
2,287
296
Jason-1
Jason-1
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2817?rskey=CNmd13&result=1162
oxford_adow
Jason-1
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1970012
Jason-1
A *polar-orbiting satellite, launched in December 2001, designed specifically to monitor the Earth's oceans. Primarily a successor, with similar but improved instrumentation, to the very successful ... ...
satellite oceanography mission
[ "Earth observation satellite" ]
[]
r
[ "n" ]
150
297
jet
Jet
https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Category:Terms[PAGE_INFO]glossary_ametsoc_org_5.html
ametsoc_g
jet
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q202325
jet stream
no_definition
fast-flowing atmospheric air-current
[ "thermal wind" ]
[ "mineraloid", " organic gem", " lignite" ]
r
[ "air current" ]
65,669
298
jet stream
jet stream
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2818?rskey=CNmd13&result=1166
oxford_adow
jet stream
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q202325
jet stream
A narrow current of high-speed winds, typically thousands of kilometres long, hundreds of kilometres in width, and a few kilometres in depth, that occurs in the upper ... ...
fast-flowing atmospheric air-current
[ "thermal wind" ]
[ "air current" ]
r
[ "n" ]
7,997
299
katabatic wind
katabatic wind
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191988356.001.0001/acref-9780191988356-e-2822?rskey=CNmd13&result=1176
oxford_adow
katabatic wind
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q212903
katabatic wind
A wind consisting of dense air that has cooled by radiative cooling over upland areas or contact with snow and ice fields and which then drains down into the valleys. Also known as a ... ...
A wind that carries high density air down a slope
[]
[ "fall wind" ]
r
[ "n" ]
441