geocarto / code /geocarto.py
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# =====================================================================================
# GEOCARTO : sources vectorielles -> tuiles (scan réaliste, instances, failles)
# - tuiles RÉELLES : scan GMNA + vecteurs USGS alignés
# - tuiles SYNTHÉTIQUES : la carte est "imprimée" à partir des polygones, dans le style
# d'une vraie carte géologique (couleurs chronostratigraphiques, motifs, contacts,
# failles à dents, étiquettes, mer, graticule, rivières...) puis "scannée".
# Vérité terrain commune :
# inst : uint16, 0 = pas de polygone (mer / hors carte), 1..N = composantes connexes
# d'une MÊME unité (deux polygones voisins de la même unité = une seule instance,
# car aucune limite n'est visible entre eux sur la carte)
# faults : uint8 {0,1}, tracé des failles (1 px)
# =====================================================================================
import io, json, math, re, zlib, colorsys
from functools import lru_cache
from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib
from shapely.geometry import box
from shapely.validation import make_valid
from rasterio.features import rasterize
from rasterio.transform import from_origin
from scipy import ndimage as ndi
from skimage.measure import label as cc_label, find_contours
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
TILE, SS = 512, 2 # tuile finale 512 px, rendu interne sur-échantillonné x2 (anti-crénelage)
R = TILE * SS
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ polices
_FD = Path(matplotlib.get_data_path()) / "fonts" / "ttf"
FONTS = {
"sans": "DejaVuSans.ttf", "bold": "DejaVuSans-Bold.ttf", "ital": "DejaVuSans-Oblique.ttf",
"bital": "DejaVuSans-BoldOblique.ttf", "serif": "DejaVuSerif.ttf", "serifi": "DejaVuSerif-Italic.ttf",
"serifb": "DejaVuSerif-Bold.ttf", "cond": "DejaVuSansMono.ttf",
}
@lru_cache(maxsize=256)
def font(name, size):
try:
return ImageFont.truetype(str(_FD / FONTS[name]), int(size))
except Exception:
return ImageFont.load_default()
def _seed(*parts):
return zlib.crc32("|".join(map(str, parts)).encode())
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ couleurs (charte chronostratigraphique CGMW/ICS)
AGE_COLORS = [
(r"holocene|recent", (254, 242, 224)), (r"pleistocene", (255, 242, 174)), (r"quaternary|kvart", (249, 249, 127)),
(r"pliocene", (255, 255, 153)), (r"miocene", (255, 255, 0)), (r"neogene", (255, 230, 25)),
(r"oligocene", (254, 192, 122)), (r"pal(a)?eocene", (253, 167, 95)), (r"eocene", (253, 180, 108)),
(r"pal(a)?eogene", (253, 154, 82)), (r"tertiary", (255, 200, 60)), (r"c(a)?enozoic", (242, 249, 29)),
(r"cretaceous", (127, 198, 78)), (r"jurassic", (52, 178, 201)), (r"triassic", (129, 43, 146)),
(r"mesozoic", (103, 197, 202)), (r"permian", (240, 64, 40)),
(r"carboniferous|pennsylvanian|mississippian", (103, 165, 153)), (r"devonian", (203, 140, 55)),
(r"silurian", (179, 225, 182)), (r"ordovician", (0, 146, 112)), (r"cambrian", (127, 160, 86)),
(r"pal(a)?eozoic", (153, 192, 141)),
(r"ediacaran|cryogenian|tonian|neoproterozoic|late proterozoic", (254, 179, 66)),
(r"mesoproterozoic|middle proterozoic", (253, 180, 98)),
(r"pal(a)?eoproterozoic|early proterozoic", (247, 67, 112)), (r"proterozoic", (247, 53, 99)),
(r"archean|archaean", (240, 4, 127)), (r"precambrian", (247, 67, 112)),
]
LITHO_COLORS = [ # quand l'âge est inconnu (ex. GEO-LiM) : carte lithologique
(r"water|lake", (190, 225, 245)), (r"\bice\b|glacier", (236, 246, 252)), (r"peat", (170, 140, 100)),
(r"gypsum|evaporite", (250, 200, 230)), (r"pure carbonate", (140, 195, 235)),
(r"carbonate|limestone|dolom", (175, 215, 225)), (r"sandstone", (250, 222, 150)),
(r"claystone|shale|mudstone|clay", (215, 195, 160)), (r"acid|granit|felsic", (240, 120, 140)),
(r"intermediate", (235, 160, 180)), (r"mafic|basalt", (90, 150, 100)),
(r"metamorph|schist|gneiss", (190, 160, 215)), (r"alluvi|sediment", (255, 240, 170)),
]
PLUTONIC = re.compile(r"plutonic|intrusive|granit|tonalit|diorit|gabbro|syenit|monzon|batholith|granodior|pluton", re.I)
VOLCANIC = re.compile(r"volcanic|basalt|andesit|rhyolit|tuff|lava|ignimbr|trachy|pyroclast", re.I)
METAMORPH = re.compile(r"metamorph|schist|gneiss|crystalline|quartzite|marble|migmat|amphibolit|slate|phyllit", re.I)
UNCONSOL = re.compile(r"alluvi|unconsolidated|sand dune|colluv|aeolian|eolian|surficial|regolith|playa|dune", re.I)
def _match(table, text):
t = (text or "").lower()
for pat, rgb in table:
if re.search(pat, t):
return np.array(rgb, np.float32)
return None
def _mix(a, b, w):
return a * (1 - w) + np.asarray(b, np.float32) * w
def base_color(age, lith):
"""Couleur de légende 'officielle' d'une unité : âge (charte CGMW), modulée par la lithologie."""
age = age if isinstance(age, str) else ""
lith = lith if isinstance(lith, str) else ""
c = _match(AGE_COLORS, age)
if c is None:
c = _match(LITHO_COLORS, lith)
if c is None:
h = (_seed(age, lith) % 1000) / 1000
c = np.array(colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(h, 0.45, 0.9), np.float32) * 255
if re.search(r"\bice\b|glacier", lith, re.I):
return np.array((236, 246, 252), np.float32)
if PLUTONIC.search(lith):
c = _mix(c, (232, 50, 110), 0.5)
elif METAMORPH.search(lith):
c = _mix(c, (165, 120, 185), 0.35)
return c
def pattern_pref(lith):
lith = lith if isinstance(lith, str) else ""
if VOLCANIC.search(lith):
return "v"
if UNCONSOL.search(lith):
return "dots"
if PLUTONIC.search(lith):
return "cross"
return None
# =====================================================================================
# SOURCES
# =====================================================================================
class Source:
"""Unités (polygones + uid), table des unités, failles, CRS métrique, plage d'échelles."""
def __init__(self, name, continent, units, tab, faults, px_range, min_land=0.55):
self.name, self.continent = name, continent
self.units, self.tab, self.faults = units, tab, faults
self.px_range, self.min_land = px_range, min_land
self.crs = units.crs
_ = units.sindex
if faults is not None and len(faults):
_ = faults.sindex
self.lut_rgb = np.zeros((int(tab.index.max()) + 1, 3), np.float32)
for uid, r in tab.iterrows():
self.lut_rgb[uid] = r.rgb
self.codes = tab["code"].to_dict()
self.pref = tab["pref"].to_dict()
def unit_meta(self, uid):
r = self.tab.loc[uid]
return {"unit": str(r.code), "age": str(r.age or ""), "lithology": str(r.lith or "")[:120]}
def _clean(g, crs, simplify_m=0.0):
g = g[g.geometry.notnull() & ~g.geometry.is_empty].to_crs(crs)
g["geometry"] = g.geometry.apply(lambda x: x if x.is_valid else make_valid(x))
if simplify_m:
g["geometry"] = g.geometry.simplify(simplify_m, preserve_topology=True)
g = g[~g.geometry.is_empty & g.geom_type.isin(["Polygon", "MultiPolygon", "GeometryCollection"])]
return g.reset_index(drop=True)
def _read(path, **kw):
for mode in ("fix", "ignore"):
try:
return gpd.read_file(path, on_invalid=mode, **kw)
except Exception:
pass
return gpd.read_file(path, **kw)
def build_units(g, key, code, age, lith, order=None):
"""Attribue un uid par unité (clé) et construit la table des unités."""
g = g.copy()
g["_key"] = g[key].astype(str).fillna("?")
keys = pd.Index(sorted(g["_key"].unique()))
g["uid"] = keys.get_indexer(g["_key"]) + 1
g["order"] = order if order is not None else 0
first = g.drop_duplicates("uid").set_index("uid").sort_index()
tab = pd.DataFrame(index=first.index)
tab["code"] = (first[code] if code in first else first["_key"]).fillna("").astype(str).str.slice(0, 10)
tab["age"] = (first[age] if isinstance(age, str) else age(first)).fillna("").astype(str)
tab["lith"] = (first[lith] if isinstance(lith, str) else lith(first)).fillna("").astype(str)
tab["rgb"] = [base_color(a, l) for a, l in zip(tab.age, tab.lith)]
tab["pref"] = [pattern_pref(l) for l in tab.lith]
return g[["uid", "order", "geometry"]], tab
def load_gmna(units_shp, faults_shp, crs):
u = _clean(_read(units_shp), crs)
agef = lambda d: d["MIN_AGE"].fillna("").astype(str) + " / " + d["MAX_AGE"].fillna("").astype(str)
lithf = lambda d: d["ROCKTYPE"].fillna("").astype(str) + " " + d["LITHOLOGY"].fillna("").astype(str)
units, tab = build_units(u, "UNIT_ABBRE", "UNIT_ABBRE", agef, lithf)
f = _read(faults_shp).to_crs(crs)
f = f[f.geometry.notnull()].reset_index(drop=True)
f["kind"] = "generic"
f["concealed"] = False
return Source("GMNA", "North America", units, tab, f[["kind", "concealed", "geometry"]], (300, 600))
def load_geolim(gpkg, simplify_m=40):
g = _clean(gpd.read_file(gpkg), "EPSG:3035", simplify_m)
abbr = {"mix carbonate rocks": "Cm", "sandstone": "Ss", "claystone": "Cl", "pure carbonate rocks": "Cp",
"acid rocks": "γ", "mafic rocks": "β", "peat": "Pt", "water": "", "metamorphic rocks": "M",
"intermediate rocks": "δ", "gypsum evaporite": "Ev"}
g["code"] = g["litho_irpi"].map(abbr).fillna("?")
units, tab = build_units(g, "litho_irpi", "code", lambda d: pd.Series("", index=d.index), "litho_irpi")
return Source("GEO-LiM", "Europe", units, tab, None, (90, 420))
def load_ethiopia(shp, simplify_m=40):
g = _clean(_read(shp), "EPSG:32637", simplify_m)
agef = lambda d: (d["ODD2_od"].fillna("").astype(str) + " " + d["UTVAR2_od"].fillna("").astype(str) + " "
+ d["ERA2_od"].fillna("").astype(str) + " " + d["ERA1_do"].fillna("").astype(str))
lithf = lambda d: d["HOR_TYP"].fillna("").astype(str) + " " + d["HOR_KARTO"].fillna("").astype(str)
g["code"] = g["legend_loo"].fillna(g["IDX"]).astype(str)
units, tab = build_units(g, "N_LEG_ID", "code", agef, lithf)
return Source("UNESCO-Ethiopia", "Africa", units, tab, None, (90, 420))
GA_LAYERS = ["Pre_Neoproterozoic", "Neoproterozoic", "Paleozoic", "Mesozoic", "Cenozoic"] # du plus vieux au plus jeune
def load_australia(folder, simplify_m=60):
"""Couches par ère EMPILÉES : on dessine la plus jeune par-dessus (ordre de peinture)."""
folder = Path(folder)
parts, flts = [], []
for i, era in enumerate(GA_LAYERS):
p = folder / f"{era}GeologicalUnitPolygons1M.shp"
if p.exists():
g = _clean(_read(p, columns=["MAPSYMBOL", "PLOTSYMBOL", "GEOLHIST", "LITHOLOGY"]), "EPSG:3577", simplify_m)
g["order"] = i
parts.append(g)
q = folder / f"{era}ShearDisplacementLines1M.shp"
if q.exists():
f = _read(q, columns=["EXPOSURE", "MVTTYPE"]).to_crs("EPSG:3577")
f["geometry"] = f.geometry.simplify(simplify_m)
flts.append(f)
g = pd.concat(parts, ignore_index=True)
units, tab = build_units(g, "MAPSYMBOL", "MAPSYMBOL", "GEOLHIST", "LITHOLOGY", order=g["order"].values)
f = pd.concat(flts, ignore_index=True)
f = f[f.geometry.notnull() & ~f.geometry.is_empty].reset_index(drop=True)
mv = f["MVTTYPE"].fillna("").str.lower()
f["kind"] = np.where(mv.str.contains("thrust|reverse"), "thrust", np.where(mv.str.contains("normal"), "normal", "generic"))
f["concealed"] = f["EXPOSURE"].fillna("").str.lower().str.contains("conceal|inferred|buried")
return Source("GA-Australia", "Oceania", units, tab, gpd.GeoDataFrame(f[["kind", "concealed"]], geometry=f.geometry, crs=f.crs),
(100, 450))
# Codes de lignes des cartes d'état USGS OF 2005-1305 (métadonnées CAmetadata.txt)
ARC_FAULT = {4, 5, 10, 11, 30, 31, 32, 52, 53, 57, 58, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 100, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116}
ARC_THRUST, ARC_NORMAL = {10, 11, 53}, {4, 5, 52}
ARC_CONCEALED = {32, 52, 53, 57, 58, 90, 92, 100, 115, 116}
def load_usgs_state(poly_shp, arc_shp, name, simplify_m=30):
g = _clean(_read(poly_shp), "EPSG:5070", simplify_m)
g = g[~g["ORIG_LABEL"].astype(str).str.lower().isin(["water", "h2o"])].reset_index(drop=True)
units, tab = build_units(g, "ORIG_LABEL", "ORIG_LABEL", "UNIT_AGE",
lambda d: d["ROCKTYPE1"].fillna("").astype(str) + " " + d["ROCKTYPE2"].fillna("").astype(str))
a = _read(arc_shp, columns=["ARC_CODE"]).to_crs("EPSG:5070")
a = a[a["ARC_CODE"].isin(ARC_FAULT)].reset_index(drop=True)
a["kind"] = np.where(a.ARC_CODE.isin(ARC_THRUST), "thrust", np.where(a.ARC_CODE.isin(ARC_NORMAL), "normal", "generic"))
a["concealed"] = a.ARC_CODE.isin(ARC_CONCEALED)
return Source(name, "North America", units, tab, a[["kind", "concealed", "geometry"]], (80, 380), min_land=0.8)
# =====================================================================================
# RASTERISATION D'UNE FENÊTRE
# =====================================================================================
def raster_units(src, x0, y1, px, n):
"""Carte des uid (n x n) d'une fenêtre ; ordre de peinture respecté (jeune par-dessus)."""
tr = from_origin(x0, y1, px, px)
win = box(x0, y1 - n * px, x0 + n * px, y1)
idx = src.units.sindex.query(win, predicate="intersects")
if len(idx) == 0:
return np.zeros((n, n), np.int32), win
sel = src.units.iloc[idx]
if sel["order"].nunique() > 1:
sel = sel.sort_values("order", kind="stable")
U = rasterize(zip(sel.geometry.values, sel.uid.values), out_shape=(n, n), transform=tr, fill=0, dtype="int32")
return U, win
def fault_lines_px(src, win, x0, y1, px, rng=None):
"""Failles de la fenêtre en coordonnées pixel (à l'échelle px)."""
out = []
if src.faults is None or not len(src.faults):
return out
f = src.faults.iloc[src.faults.sindex.query(win.buffer(px * 4), predicate="intersects")]
for geom, kind, conc in zip(f.geometry.values, f["kind"].values, f["concealed"].values):
geom = geom.intersection(win.buffer(px * 4))
for line in getattr(geom, "geoms", [geom]):
if line.geom_type != "LineString" or line.length < px:
continue
xy = np.asarray(line.coords)[:, :2]
out.append(((xy[:, 0] - x0) / px, (y1 - xy[:, 1]) / px, kind, bool(conc)))
return out
def instances(U):
"""Composantes connexes d'une même unité -> instances (0 = vide)."""
inst = cc_label(U, background=0, connectivity=1).astype(np.int32)
return inst
def faults_gt(lines, scale=1.0, n=TILE):
img = Image.new("L", (n, n), 0)
d = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
for xs, ys, _, _ in lines:
pts = list(zip(xs * scale, ys * scale))
if len(pts) > 1:
d.line(pts, fill=1, width=1)
return np.asarray(img, np.uint8)
# =====================================================================================
# RENDU "CARTE GÉOLOGIQUE IMPRIMÉE"
# =====================================================================================
SEA_WORDS = ["PACIFIC OCEAN", "ATLANTIC OCEAN", "SEA", "GULF", "BAY", "BASIN", "LAKE", "STRAIT", "OCEAN",
"INDIAN OCEAN", "CORAL SEA", "MER", "GOLFE", "LAC", "SOUND", "CHANNEL", "TROUGH", "ABYSSAL PLAIN"]
LAND_WORDS = ["MOUNTAINS", "PLATEAU", "RANGE", "BASIN", "SHIELD", "PLAIN", "DESERT", "VALLEY", "HIGHLANDS", "MASSIF"]
SYL = ["ka", "ri", "mo", "ton", "ber", "ville", "lin", "sa", "na", "port", "ford", "dor", "ve", "la", "mar", "zan",
"gu", "el", "ash", "wa", "bur", "go", "ta", "ne", "kel", "an", "os", "ru", "mi", "hol"]
def _rname(rng, k=None):
k = k or rng.integers(2, 4)
return "".join(rng.choice(SYL) for _ in range(k)).capitalize()
def edition(rng):
"""Style d'une 'édition' de carte (tiré à chaque tuile)."""
e = {}
e["palette"] = "legend" if rng.random() < 0.8 else "random"
e["light"] = rng.uniform(0.0, 0.4)
e["sat"] = rng.uniform(0.7, 1.1)
e["hue"] = rng.uniform(-0.03, 0.03)
e["jit"] = rng.uniform(0.01, 0.06)
e["sea"] = [(228, 229, 238), (214, 233, 245), (255, 255, 255), (236, 240, 232), (200, 222, 240)][rng.integers(5)]
e["contacts"] = rng.random() > 0.06
e["c_w"] = int(rng.choice([1, 2, 2, 2, 3])) # en px internes (x2)
e["c_col"] = tuple(int(v) for v in rng.integers(20, 80, 3))
e["c_dash"] = rng.uniform(0, 0.15)
e["coast"] = rng.random() < 0.85
e["coast_col"] = (int(rng.integers(40, 110)), int(rng.integers(140, 190)), int(rng.integers(200, 240)))
e["f_w"] = int(rng.choice([3, 4, 5, 6]))
e["f_col"] = (0, 0, 0) if rng.random() < 0.75 else ((int(rng.integers(150, 220)), 0, 0) if rng.random() < .7 else (60, 60, 60))
e["pattern_p"] = rng.uniform(0.05, 0.35)
e["label_p"] = rng.uniform(0.3, 0.95) if rng.random() < 0.9 else 0.0
e["label_font"] = rng.choice(["sans", "sans", "bold", "serif", "ital"])
e["label_size"] = rng.uniform(11, 22)
e["label_col"] = tuple(int(v) for v in rng.integers(0, 70, 3))
e["scan"] = rng.random() < 0.35
return e
def _palette(src, uids, e, rng, ed_seed):
lut = {}
if e["palette"] == "random": # couleurs bien séparées, attribuées au hasard (le réseau n'apprend pas "couleur = unité")
n = max(len(uids), 1)
style = rng.choice(["pastel", "vif", "moyen"])
s_lo, s_hi, v_lo, v_hi = {"pastel": (0.25, 0.45, 0.85, 0.97), "vif": (0.5, 0.75, 0.8, 0.95),
"moyen": (0.35, 0.65, 0.65, 0.9)}[style]
off = rng.random()
hues = [(off + i / n) % 1.0 for i in range(n)]
rng.shuffle(hues)
for i, (u, h) in enumerate(zip(uids, hues)):
v = v_hi if i % 2 == 0 else v_lo
lut[u] = np.array(colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(h, rng.uniform(s_lo, s_hi), v), np.float32) * 255
return lut
for u in uids:
r = np.random.default_rng(_seed(ed_seed, src.name, u))
h, s, v = colorsys.rgb_to_hsv(*(src.lut_rgb[u] / 255))
h = (h + e["hue"] + r.normal(0, e["jit"] * 0.5)) % 1
s = np.clip(s * e["sat"] * r.uniform(1 - e["jit"] * 3, 1 + e["jit"] * 2), 0, 1)
v = np.clip(v * r.uniform(1 - e["jit"] * 2, 1 + e["jit"]), 0, 1)
c = np.array(colorsys.hsv_to_rgb(h, s, v), np.float32) * 255
lut[u] = _mix(c, (255, 255, 255), np.clip(e["light"] + r.normal(0, 0.05), 0, 0.7))
return lut
def _glyph_tile(kind, s, rng):
"""Motif élémentaire (s x s) répété par np.tile -> masque booléen R x R."""
im = Image.new("L", (s, s), 0)
d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
c, k = s / 2, s * rng.uniform(0.18, 0.3)
if kind == "dots":
r = max(1.2, s * rng.uniform(0.07, 0.14))
d.ellipse([c - r, c - r, c + r, c + r], fill=1)
elif kind == "v":
d.line([(c - k, c - k), (c, c + k), (c + k, c - k)], fill=1, width=2)
elif kind == "tri":
d.polygon([(c - k, c + k), (c + k, c + k), (c, c - k)], fill=1)
elif kind == "cross":
d.line([(c - k, c), (c + k, c)], fill=1, width=2)
d.line([(c, c - k), (c, c + k)], fill=1, width=2)
elif kind == "dash":
d.line([(c - k, c), (c + k, c)], fill=1, width=2)
m = np.asarray(im, bool)
m2 = np.concatenate([m, np.roll(m, s // 2, axis=1)], 0) # rangées décalées
full = np.tile(m2, (R // (2 * s) + 2, R // s + 2))
oy, ox = rng.integers(0, 2 * s), rng.integers(0, s)
return full[oy:oy + R, ox:ox + R]
def _pattern_mask(kind, rng):
yy, xx = np.mgrid[:R, :R]
if kind == "lines":
per, w = rng.integers(14, 30), rng.integers(2, 4)
a = rng.choice([np.pi / 4, -np.pi / 4, 0, np.pi / 2, np.pi / 3])
return ((xx * np.cos(a) + yy * np.sin(a)) % per) < w
if kind == "grid":
per = rng.integers(18, 34)
return ((xx % per) < 2) | ((yy % per) < 2)
return _glyph_tile(kind, int(rng.integers(14, 30)), rng)
def _resample(xs, ys, step):
seg = np.hypot(np.diff(xs), np.diff(ys))
L = np.concatenate([[0], np.cumsum(seg)])
if L[-1] < step:
return None
t = np.arange(0, L[-1], step)
return np.interp(t, L, xs), np.interp(t, L, ys)
def _draw_fault(d, xs, ys, kind, concealed, w, col, rng, side):
pts = list(zip(xs, ys))
if concealed:
rs = _resample(xs, ys, 3)
if rs is None:
return
X, Y = rs
on, off = (8, 6) if rng.random() < 0.6 else (2, 4)
i = 0
while i < len(X) - 1:
j = min(i + on, len(X) - 1)
d.line(list(zip(X[i:j + 1], Y[i:j + 1])), fill=col, width=max(2, w - 1))
i = j + off
else:
d.line(pts, fill=col, width=w, joint="curve")
if kind in ("thrust", "normal"):
rs = _resample(xs, ys, 2)
if rs is None:
return
X, Y = rs
gap = int(rng.integers(14, 24)) if kind == "thrust" else int(rng.integers(30, 50))
for i in range(gap // 2, len(X) - 3, gap):
tx, ty = X[i + 2] - X[i], Y[i + 2] - Y[i]
n = math.hypot(tx, ty) or 1
tx, ty = tx / n, ty / n
nx, ny = -ty * side, tx * side
h = w * 1.9
if kind == "thrust":
d.polygon([(X[i] - tx * h * .7, Y[i] - ty * h * .7), (X[i] + tx * h * .7, Y[i] + ty * h * .7),
(X[i] + nx * h * 1.3, Y[i] + ny * h * 1.3)], fill=col)
else:
ex, ey = X[i] + nx * h * 1.6, Y[i] + ny * h * 1.6
d.line([(X[i], Y[i]), (ex, ey)], fill=col, width=max(2, w // 2))
r = w * 0.8
d.ellipse([ex - r, ey - r, ex + r, ey + r], fill=col)
def _random_curve(rng, wiggle=0.12, step=6):
side = rng.integers(4)
p = rng.uniform(0, R)
x, y, a = [(p, 0, np.pi / 2), (R, p, np.pi), (p, R, -np.pi / 2), (0, p, 0)][side]
a += rng.uniform(-0.7, 0.7)
xs, ys, da = [x], [y], 0.0
for _ in range(4 * R // step):
da = 0.85 * da + rng.normal(0, wiggle)
a += da * 0.3
x, y = x + step * np.cos(a), y + step * np.sin(a)
xs.append(x); ys.append(y)
if not (-20 < x < R + 20 and -20 < y < R + 20):
break
return np.array(xs), np.array(ys)
def _dashed(d, xs, ys, col, w, on, off):
rs = _resample(xs, ys, 2)
if rs is None:
return
X, Y = rs
i = 0
while i < len(X) - 1:
j = min(i + on, len(X) - 1)
d.line(list(zip(X[i:j + 1], Y[i:j + 1])), fill=col, width=w)
i = j + off
def _spaced(t):
return " ".join(t) if len(t) < 12 else t
def render_map(src, U, lines, rng, px_m):
"""U : uid (R x R) ; lines : failles en px internes. Retourne l'image RGB uint8 (TILE x TILE)."""
e = edition(rng)
ed_seed = int(rng.integers(1 << 30))
uids = [int(u) for u in np.unique(U) if u > 0]
lut = _palette(src, uids, e, rng, ed_seed)
LUT = np.zeros((max(uids + [0]) + 1, 3), np.float32)
LUT[0] = e["sea"]
for u, c in lut.items():
LUT[u] = c
img = LUT[U]
land = U > 0
# --- motifs (pointillés, hachures, V volcaniques, croix plutoniques, triangles)
masks = {}
for u in uids:
pref = src.pref.get(u)
r = np.random.default_rng(_seed(ed_seed, "pat", u))
p = e["pattern_p"] * (2.2 if pref else 1)
if r.random() > p:
continue
kind = pref if (pref and r.random() < 0.7) else r.choice(["dots", "lines", "lines", "v", "tri", "dash", "grid", "cross"])
if kind not in masks:
masks[kind] = _pattern_mask(kind, rng)
m = (U == u) & masks[kind]
if kind == "tri" and r.random() < 0.5:
col = np.array([r.integers(180, 240), r.integers(0, 60), r.integers(40, 100)], np.float32)
elif r.random() < 0.3:
col = np.array([r.integers(120, 180), r.integers(60, 110), r.integers(20, 60)], np.float32)
else:
col = LUT[u] * r.uniform(0.45, 0.75)
img[m] = col
# --- contacts géologiques
if e["contacts"]:
b = np.zeros_like(land)
b[:, 1:] |= U[:, 1:] != U[:, :-1]
b[1:, :] |= U[1:, :] != U[:-1, :]
b &= land | np.roll(land, 1, 0) | np.roll(land, 1, 1)
coast = np.zeros_like(land)
coast[:, 1:] |= land[:, 1:] != land[:, :-1]
coast[1:, :] |= land[1:, :] != land[:-1, :]
b &= ~coast
if e["c_w"] > 1:
b = ndi.binary_dilation(b, iterations=e["c_w"] - 1)
if e["c_dash"] > 0.02:
dashed_units = [u for u in uids if np.random.default_rng(_seed(ed_seed, "d", u)).random() < e["c_dash"]]
if dashed_units:
yy, xx = np.mgrid[:R, :R]
dz = ndi.binary_dilation(np.isin(U, dashed_units), iterations=2)
b &= ~(dz & (((xx + yy) // 10) % 2 == 0))
img[b] = e["c_col"]
if e["coast"]:
cw = int(rng.integers(2, 5))
img[ndi.binary_dilation(coast, iterations=cw - 1) if cw > 1 else coast] = e["coast_col"]
sea_frac = 1 - land.mean()
im = Image.fromarray(np.clip(img, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8))
d = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
# --- mer : isobathes + grands noms bleus
if sea_frac > 0.1 and rng.random() < 0.6:
noise = ndi.gaussian_filter(rng.normal(size=(R // 8, R // 8)), rng.uniform(3, 7))
noise = ndi.zoom(noise, 8, order=1)
col = (int(rng.integers(90, 160)), int(rng.integers(170, 210)), int(rng.integers(215, 245)))
for lev in np.quantile(noise, rng.uniform(0.2, 0.8, rng.integers(1, 4))):
for c in find_contours(noise, lev):
if len(c) < 30:
continue
keep = ~land[np.clip(c[:, 0].astype(int), 0, R - 1), np.clip(c[:, 1].astype(int), 0, R - 1)]
c = c[keep]
if len(c) > 30:
_dashed(d, c[:, 1], c[:, 0], col, 2, 10, 6) if rng.random() < .5 else d.line(list(zip(c[:, 1], c[:, 0])), fill=col, width=2)
if sea_frac > 0.25 and rng.random() < 0.6:
ys, xs = np.nonzero(~land[::16, ::16])
if len(ys):
k = rng.integers(len(ys))
t = rng.choice(SEA_WORDS)
t = _spaced(t) if rng.random() < .7 else t
f = font(rng.choice(["bital", "serifi", "ital"]), rng.uniform(30, 70))
d.text((xs[k] * 16 - rng.uniform(0, 300), ys[k] * 16), t, font=f,
fill=(int(rng.integers(20, 80)), int(rng.integers(80, 140)), int(rng.integers(170, 220))))
# --- graticule (méridiens / parallèles) + degrés
for _ in range(rng.integers(0, 3)):
col = tuple(int(v) for v in (rng.integers(0, 90, 3) if rng.random() < .6 else (rng.integers(150, 210), 120, rng.integers(150, 210))))
a, b2 = rng.uniform(0, R, 2)
if rng.random() < 0.5:
d.line([(a, 0), (b2, R)], fill=col, width=int(rng.integers(1, 3)))
lab_xy = (a + 6, rng.uniform(20, R - 40))
else:
d.line([(0, a), (R, b2)], fill=col, width=int(rng.integers(1, 3)))
lab_xy = (rng.uniform(20, R - 80), a + 6)
if rng.random() < 0.5:
d.text(lab_xy, f"{rng.integers(0, 180)}°", font=font("bold", rng.uniform(22, 40)), fill=col)
# --- rivières
if rng.random() < 0.55:
col = (int(rng.integers(60, 130)), int(rng.integers(150, 200)), int(rng.integers(210, 245)))
for _ in range(rng.integers(1, 5)):
xs, ys = _random_curve(rng, wiggle=0.2, step=5)
d.line(list(zip(xs, ys)), fill=col, width=int(rng.integers(2, 4)), joint="curve")
# --- frontières politiques (tirets colorés)
if rng.random() < 0.35:
col = [(200, 120, 200), (170, 110, 60), (150, 90, 170), (230, 150, 60), (120, 120, 120)][rng.integers(5)]
xs, ys = _random_curve(rng, wiggle=0.08, step=8)
_dashed(d, xs, ys, col, int(rng.integers(4, 9)), int(rng.integers(8, 20)), int(rng.integers(4, 10)))
# --- failles
for xs, ys, kind, conc in lines:
r = np.random.default_rng(_seed(ed_seed, "f", round(float(xs[0]), 1), round(float(ys[0]), 1)))
if kind == "generic" and r.random() < 0.15:
kind = r.choice(["thrust", "normal"])
_draw_fault(d, xs, ys, kind, conc, e["f_w"], e["f_col"], r, 1 if r.random() < .5 else -1)
# --- étiquettes d'unités (au point le plus intérieur de chaque instance, + traits de rappel)
if e["label_p"] > 0 and uids:
inst = cc_label(U, background=0, connectivity=1)
n = inst.max()
if n:
dist = ndi.distance_transform_edt(inst > 0)
idx = np.arange(1, n + 1)
pos = ndi.maximum_position(dist, inst, idx)
val = ndi.maximum(dist, inst, idx)
uid_of = ndi.maximum(U, inst, idx)
fs = int(e["label_size"] * SS)
f = font(e["label_font"], fs)
placed = []
for (py, px), v, u in zip(pos, val, uid_of):
if rng.random() > e["label_p"]:
continue
t = str(src.codes.get(int(u), ""))[:8]
if not t or t == "nan":
continue
if e["label_font"] == "bold" and rng.random() < .3:
t = t.upper()
tw = d.textlength(t, font=f)
if v > fs * 0.8:
x, y = px - tw / 2, py - fs / 2
elif v > 3 and rng.random() < 0.35:
ang = rng.uniform(0, 2 * np.pi)
L = rng.uniform(25, 60)
x, y = px + L * np.cos(ang), py + L * np.sin(ang)
d.line([(px, py), (x, y + fs / 2)], fill=e["label_col"], width=2)
else:
continue
bb = (x - 2, y - 2, x + tw + 2, y + fs + 2)
if any(not (bb[2] < q[0] or bb[0] > q[2] or bb[3] < q[1] or bb[1] > q[3]) for q in placed):
continue
placed.append(bb)
if rng.random() < 0.15: # halo blanc
d.text((x, y), t, font=f, fill=e["label_col"], stroke_width=3, stroke_fill=(255, 255, 255))
else:
d.text((x, y), t, font=f, fill=e["label_col"])
# --- villes et grands noms de régions (distracteurs)
for _ in range(rng.integers(0, 4)):
x, y = rng.uniform(20, R - 200), rng.uniform(20, R - 40)
d.ellipse([x - 5, y - 5, x + 5, y + 5], fill=(0, 0, 0), outline=(255, 255, 255))
d.text((x + 10, y - 14), _rname(rng), font=font(rng.choice(["sans", "ital"]), rng.uniform(18, 26)), fill=(20, 20, 20))
if rng.random() < 0.15:
t = _spaced(rng.choice(LAND_WORDS))
d.text((rng.uniform(0, R / 2), rng.uniform(0, R - 60)), t, font=font("bold", rng.uniform(28, 50)),
fill=(int(rng.integers(80, 140)), int(rng.integers(50, 90)), int(rng.integers(20, 60))))
# --- réduction x2 (anti-crénelage d'impression)
im = im.resize((TILE, TILE), Image.LANCZOS if rng.random() < .5 else Image.BOX)
# --- impression / numérisation
if e["scan"]:
a = np.asarray(im, np.float32)
paper = np.array([rng.uniform(238, 255), rng.uniform(230, 252), rng.uniform(205, 240)], np.float32) / 255
a = a * paper
gy, gx = np.mgrid[:TILE, :TILE] / TILE
a *= (1 - rng.uniform(0, 0.08) * (rng.uniform(-1, 1) * gx + rng.uniform(-1, 1) * gy))[..., None]
a = ndi.gaussian_filter(a, (rng.uniform(0.2, 0.9),) * 2 + (0,))
a = 255 * (np.clip(a, 0, 255) / 255) ** rng.uniform(0.85, 1.15)
a += rng.normal(0, rng.uniform(0.5, 4), a.shape)
if rng.random() < 0.2:
ch = rng.integers(3)
a[..., ch] = np.roll(a[..., ch], rng.choice([-1, 1]), axis=rng.integers(2))
im = Image.fromarray(np.clip(a, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8))
q = int(rng.integers(50, 92))
else:
q = int(rng.integers(80, 98)) if rng.random() < .5 else None
if q:
buf = io.BytesIO()
im.save(buf, "JPEG", quality=q)
im = Image.open(buf).convert("RGB")
return np.asarray(im, np.uint8), {k: (v if isinstance(v, (int, float, str, bool)) else str(v)) for k, v in e.items()}
# =====================================================================================
# ÉCHANTILLONNAGE SPATIAL (split train / val / test par blocs géographiques)
# =====================================================================================
class BlockSplit:
def __init__(self, src, block_m, seed, val=0.1, test=0.1, min_land=0.3):
x0, y0, x1, y1 = src.units.total_bounds
self.x0, self.y0, self.b = x0, y0, block_m
nx, ny = int(np.ceil((x1 - x0) / block_m)), int(np.ceil((y1 - y0) / block_m))
rng = np.random.default_rng(seed)
# part de terre de chaque bloc, sur un masque grossier (5 km)
cell = 5000.0
k = int(round(block_m / cell))
mask = rasterize(((g, 1) for g in src.units.geometry.values), out_shape=(ny * k, nx * k),
transform=from_origin(x0, y0 + ny * block_m, cell, cell), fill=0, dtype="uint8")
frac = mask.reshape(ny, k, nx, k).mean(axis=(1, 3))[::-1] # ligne 0 = sud
land = [(i, j) for i in range(nx) for j in range(ny) if frac[j, i] >= min_land]
order = rng.permutation(len(land))
n_val, n_test = max(1, round(val * len(land))), max(1, round(test * len(land)))
self.split = {}
for k, o in enumerate(order):
self.split[land[o]] = "validation" if k < n_val else ("test" if k < n_val + n_test else "train")
self.blocks = {s: [b for b, v in self.split.items() if v == s] for s in ("train", "validation", "test")}
def window_split(self, x0, y0, x1, y1):
i0, i1 = int((x0 - self.x0) // self.b), int((x1 - self.x0) // self.b)
j0, j1 = int((y0 - self.y0) // self.b), int((y1 - self.y0) // self.b)
s = {self.split.get((i, j), "none") for i in range(i0, i1 + 1) for j in range(j0, j1 + 1)}
s.discard("none")
return s.pop() if len(s) == 1 else None
def synth_tile(src, bs, split, rng, max_tries=60):
"""Tire une fenêtre entièrement contenue dans des blocs du split demandé, et la rend."""
lo, hi = src.px_range
for _ in range(max_tries):
hi_eff = min(hi, 0.9 * bs.b / TILE) # la fenêtre doit pouvoir tenir dans un bloc
px = float(np.exp(rng.uniform(np.log(min(lo, hi_eff)), np.log(hi_eff))))
ext = TILE * px
bi, bj = bs.blocks[split][rng.integers(len(bs.blocks[split]))]
if rng.random() < 0.5: # entièrement dans le bloc tiré
x0 = bs.x0 + bi * bs.b + rng.random() * (bs.b - ext)
y1 = bs.y0 + bj * bs.b + ext + rng.random() * (bs.b - ext)
else: # libre (peut déborder sur des blocs du même split)
cx = bs.x0 + (bi + rng.random()) * bs.b
cy = bs.y0 + (bj + rng.random()) * bs.b
x0, y1 = cx - rng.uniform(0.1, 0.9) * ext, cy + rng.uniform(0.1, 0.9) * ext
if bs.window_split(x0, y1 - ext, x0 + ext, y1) != split:
continue
U, win = raster_units(src, x0, y1, px / SS, R)
land = (U > 0).mean()
if land < src.min_land:
continue
nu = len(np.unique(U[U > 0]))
if nu < 2 or (nu < 4 and rng.random() < 0.6):
continue
lines = fault_lines_px(src, win, x0, y1, px / SS)
rgb, ed = render_map(src, U, lines, rng, px)
Uf = U[SS // 2::SS, SS // 2::SS]
inst = instances(Uf)
flt = faults_gt(lines, 1 / SS)
meta = {"bounds": [x0, y1 - ext, x0 + ext, y1], "px_size_m": px, "edition": ed}
return rgb, inst, Uf, flt, meta
return None
def inst_units(src, inst, Uf):
"""Pour chaque instance : son unité (code, âge, lithologie)."""
n = int(inst.max())
if n == 0:
return {}
uid = ndi.maximum(Uf, inst, np.arange(1, n + 1)).astype(int)
return {str(i + 1): src.unit_meta(u) for i, u in enumerate(uid)}
# =====================================================================================
# ENCODAGE (format publiable : PNG dans Parquet)
# =====================================================================================
def png_bytes(arr, mode=None):
buf = io.BytesIO()
if arr.dtype == np.uint16 or mode == "I;16":
Image.fromarray(arr.astype(np.uint16)).save(buf, "PNG", optimize=False)
else:
Image.fromarray(arr).save(buf, "PNG", optimize=False)
return buf.getvalue()
def make_record(tid, source, continent, kind, split, crs, rgb, inst, flt, meta, units):
if inst.max() > 65535:
raise ValueError("trop d'instances")
return {
"id": tid, "source": source, "continent": continent, "kind": kind, "split": split,
"image": {"bytes": png_bytes(rgb), "path": f"{tid}.png"},
"instances": {"bytes": png_bytes(inst.astype(np.uint16)), "path": f"{tid}_inst.png"},
"faults": {"bytes": png_bytes((flt > 0).astype(np.uint8) * 255), "path": f"{tid}_faults.png"},
"n_instances": int(inst.max()),
"land_fraction": float((inst > 0).mean()),
"fault_pixels": int((flt > 0).sum()),
"px_size_m": float(meta["px_size_m"]),
"crs": str(crs),
"bounds": [float(v) for v in meta["bounds"]],
"units": json.dumps(units, ensure_ascii=False),
"render": json.dumps(meta.get("edition", {}), ensure_ascii=False),
}
# =====================================================================================
# CONSTRUCTION DU DATASET UNIQUE (réel + synthétique, 4 continents) -> Parquet
# =====================================================================================
import os, time, multiprocessing as mp
import pyarrow as pa
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
import rasterio
from rasterio.windows import Window
SPLITS = ("train", "validation", "test")
_IMG = pa.struct([("bytes", pa.binary()), ("path", pa.string())])
_FIELDS = [("id", pa.string()), ("source", pa.string()), ("continent", pa.string()), ("kind", pa.string()),
("split", pa.string()), ("image", _IMG), ("instances", _IMG), ("faults", _IMG),
("n_instances", pa.int32()), ("land_fraction", pa.float32()), ("fault_pixels", pa.int32()),
("px_size_m", pa.float32()), ("crs", pa.string()), ("bounds", pa.list_(pa.float64())),
("units", pa.string()), ("render", pa.string())]
def arrow_schema():
"""Schéma Parquet + métadonnées 'huggingface' (le viewer HF affiche alors les images)."""
try:
from datasets import Features, Value, Image as HFImage, Sequence
f = Features({"id": Value("string"), "source": Value("string"), "continent": Value("string"),
"kind": Value("string"), "split": Value("string"), "image": HFImage(),
"instances": HFImage(), "faults": HFImage(), "n_instances": Value("int32"),
"land_fraction": Value("float32"), "fault_pixels": Value("int32"),
"px_size_m": Value("float32"), "crs": Value("string"), "bounds": Sequence(Value("float64")),
"units": Value("string"), "render": Value("string")})
return f.arrow_schema
except Exception as ex:
print("datasets indisponible, schéma sans métadonnées HF :", ex)
return pa.schema(_FIELDS)
class ShardWriter:
def __init__(self, out_dir, shard_rows=500):
self.dir = Path(out_dir) / "data"
self.dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
self.schema, self.n = arrow_schema(), shard_rows
self.buf = {s: [] for s in SPLITS}
self.k = {s: 0 for s in SPLITS}
self.count = {s: 0 for s in SPLITS}
self.index = []
def add(self, rec):
s = rec["split"]
self.buf[s].append(rec)
self.count[s] += 1
self.index.append({k: rec[k] for k in ("id", "source", "continent", "kind", "split", "n_instances",
"land_fraction", "fault_pixels", "px_size_m")})
if len(self.buf[s]) >= self.n:
self.flush(s)
def flush(self, s):
if not self.buf[s]:
return
cols = {name: [r[name] for r in self.buf[s]] for name in self.schema.names}
tbl = pa.Table.from_pydict(cols, schema=self.schema)
pq.write_table(tbl, self.dir / f"{s}-{self.k[s]:05d}.parquet", compression="zstd")
self.k[s] += 1
self.buf[s] = []
def close(self):
for s in SPLITS:
self.flush(s)
df = pd.DataFrame(self.index)
df.to_csv(self.dir.parent / "index.csv", index=False)
return df
def real_tiles(raster_path, src, bs, name, writer, easy_frac=0.2, min_cover=0.5, seed=0):
"""Tuiles réelles (scan + vecteurs alignés), grille sans recouvrement, split par blocs géographiques."""
t0 = time.time()
rng = np.random.default_rng(seed)
with rasterio.open(raster_path) as s:
cands = []
for r in range(0, s.height - TILE + 1, TILE):
for c in range(0, s.width - TILE + 1, TILE):
win = Window(c, r, TILE, TILE)
x0, y0, x1, y1 = rasterio.windows.bounds(win, s.transform)
split = bs.window_split(x0, y0, x1, y1)
if split is None:
continue
rgb = np.transpose(s.read([1, 2, 3], window=win), (1, 2, 0))
if rgb.mean() > 248 or rgb.mean() < 5:
continue
tr = rasterio.windows.transform(win, s.transform)
U, w = raster_units(src, tr.c, tr.f, tr.a, TILE)
if (U > 0).mean() < min_cover:
continue
nu = len(np.unique(U[U > 0]))
lines = fault_lines_px(src, w, tr.c, tr.f, tr.a)
nf = int(faults_gt(lines, 1.0).sum())
cands.append((r, c, split, nu >= 3 or nf > 30))
rich = [k for k in cands if k[3]]
easy = [k for k in cands if not k[3]]
n_easy = min(len(easy), int(round(easy_frac / (1 - easy_frac) * len(rich))))
easy = [easy[i] for i in rng.choice(len(easy), n_easy, replace=False)] if n_easy else []
n = {sp: 0 for sp in SPLITS}
for r, c, split, _ in rich + easy:
win = Window(c, r, TILE, TILE)
tr = rasterio.windows.transform(win, s.transform)
rgb = np.ascontiguousarray(np.transpose(s.read([1, 2, 3], window=win), (1, 2, 0)))
U, w = raster_units(src, tr.c, tr.f, tr.a, TILE)
lines = fault_lines_px(src, w, tr.c, tr.f, tr.a)
inst, flt = instances(U), faults_gt(lines, 1.0)
meta = {"bounds": list(rasterio.windows.bounds(win, s.transform)), "px_size_m": abs(tr.a),
"edition": {"raster": Path(raster_path).name, "row": r, "col": c}}
writer.add(make_record(f"{name}_r{r}_c{c}", src.name, src.continent, "real", split, src.crs,
rgb, inst, flt, meta, inst_units(src, inst, U)))
n[split] += 1
print(f" {name} : {sum(n.values())} tuiles réelles {n} en {time.time() - t0:.0f} s", flush=True)
return n
_SOURCES, _SPLITTERS = {}, {}
def _synth_job(job):
name, split, i, seed = job
src, bs = _SOURCES[name], _SPLITTERS[name]
rng = np.random.default_rng(seed)
for _ in range(30):
res = synth_tile(src, bs, split, rng)
if res is not None:
rgb, inst, Uf, flt, meta = res
tid = f"{src.name}_synth_{split}_{i:05d}"
return make_record(tid, src.name, src.continent, "synthetic", split, src.crs, rgb, inst, flt, meta,
inst_units(src, inst, Uf))
return None
def build_synthetic(sources, splitters, counts, writer, val=0.1, test=0.1, seed=2026, workers=None):
_SOURCES.update(sources)
_SPLITTERS.update(splitters)
jobs = []
for name, n in counts.items():
if name not in sources:
continue
per = {"validation": int(round(n * val)), "test": int(round(n * test))}
per["train"] = n - per["validation"] - per["test"]
for split, k in per.items():
jobs += [(name, split, i, _seed(seed, name, split, i)) for i in range(k)]
np.random.default_rng(seed).shuffle(jobs)
workers = workers or os.cpu_count()
t0, done, fail = time.time(), 0, 0
ctx = mp.get_context("fork")
with ctx.Pool(workers) as pool:
for rec in pool.imap_unordered(_synth_job, jobs, chunksize=4):
if rec is None:
fail += 1
continue
writer.add(rec)
done += 1
if done % 250 == 0:
el = time.time() - t0
print(f" synthétique : {done}/{len(jobs)} ({el:.0f} s, reste ~{el / done * (len(jobs) - done):.0f} s)", flush=True)
print(f" synthétique terminé : {done} tuiles, {fail} échecs, {time.time() - t0:.0f} s", flush=True)
def decode(rec):
"""Ligne Parquet -> (rgb uint8 HxWx3, inst int32 HxW, faults uint8 HxW {0,1}). Utilisé à l'entraînement."""
rgb = np.asarray(Image.open(io.BytesIO(rec["image"]["bytes"])).convert("RGB"))
inst = np.asarray(Image.open(io.BytesIO(rec["instances"]["bytes"]))).astype(np.int32)
flt = (np.asarray(Image.open(io.BytesIO(rec["faults"]["bytes"]))) > 0).astype(np.uint8)
return rgb, inst, flt