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"""Certificate-guided exact two-circuit search; finite NumPy prototype.
Standard quadratic/Cauchy tools are used; no worldwide-priority claim.
Bounds are exact-arithmetic theorems; implementation adds numerical margins,
but is not an outward-rounded interval arithmetic verifier.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse,csv,hashlib,json,time
from pathlib import Path
import numpy as np
from scipy.linalg import qr
ROOT=Path(__file__).resolve().parent
def instance(seed,n,q,r,regime):
rng=np.random.default_rng(np.random.SeedSequence([seed,n,q,r,{'low_rank':1,'full_rank':2,'suppressor':3}[regime]]));p=q+r
B=rng.normal(size=(r,p));raw=rng.normal(size=(n,p))
if regime=='low_rank':
latent=rng.normal(size=(n,8));raw=latent@rng.normal(size=(8,p))/np.sqrt(8)+.0003*raw
if regime=='suppressor':
# The informative difference is weak as two individual directions.
common=rng.normal(size=n);signal=rng.normal(size=n)
raw[:,r]=common+.03*signal;raw[:,r+1]=common-.03*signal
start=time.perf_counter_ns()
piv=qr(B,pivoting=True,mode='economic')[2][:r] if regime!='suppressor' else np.arange(r)
non=np.array([j for j in range(p) if j not in set(piv)],int)
T=np.linalg.solve(B[:,piv],B[:,non]);U=raw[:,non]-raw[:,piv]@T
Q=np.eye(q)+T.T@T
setup=(time.perf_counter_ns()-start)/1e9
if regime=='suppressor':
# Make the innovation pair retain the designed cancellation. Raw pivot
# features are zero only in the new-task domain, not in anchors.
raw[:,piv]=0.;U=raw[:,non].copy();y=signal+.02*rng.normal(size=n)
else:
coef=rng.normal(size=q);coef/=np.linalg.norm(coef);y=U@coef+.05*rng.normal(size=n)
return dict(U=U,y=y,Q=Q,setup_seconds=setup,p=p,q=q,r=r,n=n,regime=regime,seed=seed)
def exact_scores(K,h):
a=np.diag(K);det=a[:,None]*a[None,:]-K*K
numer=a[None,:]*h[:,None]**2+a[:,None]*h[None,:]**2-2*K*h[:,None]*h[None,:]
with np.errstate(divide='ignore',invalid='ignore'):G=.5*numer/det
G=np.where(np.triu(np.ones(K.shape,dtype=bool),1),G,-np.inf)
return G
def pair_value(cross,i,j,diag,h):
det=diag[i]*diag[j]-cross*cross
if det<=0:return float('inf')
return float(.5*(diag[j]*h[i]**2+diag[i]*h[j]**2-2*cross*h[i]*h[j])/det)
def choose(values):
# Consistent finite-precision tie policy for the exact output.
m=np.max(values);inds=np.flatnonzero(values>=m-1e-10*(1+abs(m)))
return np.unravel_index(inds[0],values.shape),float(m)
def dense(task,reg=1e-4):
U,y,Q=task['U'],task['y'],task['Q'];start=time.perf_counter_ns();n,q=U.shape
h=U.T@y/n;K=U.T@U/n+reg*Q;G=exact_scores(K,h);pair,gain=choose(G)
seconds=(time.perf_counter_ns()-start)/1e9
return dict(method='dense_all_pairs',seconds=seconds,end_to_end_seconds=seconds+task['setup_seconds'],pair=list(map(int,pair)),gain=gain,exact_cross_queries=q*(q-1)//2,landmarks=0,bound_rounds=0,certified=True,fallback=False)
def screened(task,rule='gain',reg=1e-4,max_landmarks=16,queries_per_round=2):
U,y,Q=task['U'],task['y'],task['Q'];start=time.perf_counter_ns();n,q=U.shape
h=U.T@y/n;d=np.einsum('ij,ij->j',U,U)/n;diag=d+reg*np.diag(Q);yy=float(y@y/n)
# Include the response as a landmark. A response vector is an observed
# training input, never a validation/test outcome used to tune this rule.
v=y/max(np.linalg.norm(y),1e-300);orth=[v]
L=[v@U/np.sqrt(n)];known=np.zeros((q,q),bool);observed=np.full((q,q),-np.inf)
best=-np.inf;bestpair=None;queries=0;rounds=0;certified=False;fallback=False
floor_upper=exact_scores(reg*Q,h)
mask=np.triu(np.ones((q,q),bool),1)
for step in range(max_landmarks+1):
LP=np.array(L);center=LP.T@LP;remaining=np.maximum(d-np.sum(LP*LP,axis=0),0)
# Inflate the Cauchy envelope instead of treating numerical projections
# as exact. This is a tested margin, not a rigorous rounding proof.
padding=2e-10*(1+np.max(d));remaining+=padding
radius=np.sqrt(remaining[:,None]*remaining[None,:]);lo=reg*Q+center-radius;hi=reg*Q+center+radius
def upper_at(x):
det=diag[:,None]*diag[None,:]-x*x
num=diag[None,:]*h[:,None]**2+diag[:,None]*h[None,:]**2-2*x*h[:,None]*h[None,:]
with np.errstate(divide='ignore',invalid='ignore'):g=.5*num/det
return np.where(det>1e-24,g,np.inf)
ub=np.minimum(np.maximum(upper_at(lo),upper_at(hi)),floor_upper)
ub=np.minimum(ub,yy/2)
ub=np.where(mask,ub,0.);ub+=1e-9*(1+np.abs(ub));ub=np.where(mask&~known,ub,-np.inf);rounds+=1
for _ in range(queries_per_round):
if np.max(ub)<=best-1e-10*(1+abs(best)):
certified=True;break
ij=np.unravel_index(np.argmax(ub),ub.shape);i,j=map(int,ij)
if not np.isfinite(ub[i,j]):break
cross=float(U[:,i]@U[:,j]/n+reg*Q[i,j]);g=pair_value(cross,i,j,diag,h)
known[i,j]=True;observed[i,j]=g;ub[i,j]=-np.inf;queries+=1
if g>best+1e-10*(1+abs(best)) or bestpair is None or (abs(g-best)<=1e-10*(1+abs(best)) and (i,j)<bestpair):best=g;bestpair=(i,j)
if certified:break
if np.max(ub)<=best-1e-10*(1+abs(best)):
certified=True;break
if step==max_landmarks:break
if rule=='gain':
i,j=np.unravel_index(np.argmax(ub),ub.shape);candidates=[int(i),int(j)];idx=max(candidates,key=lambda k:remaining[k])
elif rule=='variance':idx=int(np.argmax(remaining))
else:
rng=np.random.default_rng(task['seed']+step+438);idx=int(rng.choice(np.flatnonzero(remaining>padding*2))) if np.any(remaining>padding*2) else int(np.argmax(remaining))
z=U[:,idx].copy()
# Reorthogonalize to reduce cancellation in nearly rank-deficient data.
for _ in range(2):
for vv in orth:z-=vv*(vv@z)
norm=np.linalg.norm(z)
if norm<1e-12*np.sqrt(max(d[idx],1.)*n):break
z/=norm;orth.append(z);L.append(z@U/np.sqrt(n))
if not certified:
# An explicit fallback bounds how many scalar queries are issued before
# using the strongest dense BLAS path. Its cost remains fully counted.
K=U.T@U/n+reg*Q;G=exact_scores(K,h);pair,best=choose(G);bestpair=tuple(map(int,pair));queries+=q*(q-1)//2;fallback=True
seconds=(time.perf_counter_ns()-start)/1e9
return dict(method='screen_'+rule,seconds=seconds,end_to_end_seconds=seconds+task['setup_seconds'],pair=list(bestpair),gain=best,exact_cross_queries=queries,landmarks=len(L),bound_rounds=rounds,certified=certified,fallback=fallback)
def batched(task,adaptive=True,reg=1e-4):
"""Observable pilot chooses a dense or batched projection backend.
It is a repair of repeated scalar bookkeeping, not a new nullspace solver.
A final dense fallback preserves the candidate family and best gain.
"""
U,y,Q=task['U'],task['y'],task['Q'];start=time.perf_counter_ns();n,q=U.shape
h=U.T@y/n;d=np.einsum('ij,ij->j',U,U)/n;diag=d+reg*np.diag(Q);yy=float(y@y/n)
pilot=U[np.linspace(0,n-1,min(48,n),dtype=int)]
_,R,piv=qr(pilot,pivoting=True,mode='economic');sv=np.abs(np.diag(R));rank=int(np.sum(sv>max(sv[0],1e-12)*.003))
fallback=False;queries=0;landmarks=0;rounds=0;certified=False
if not adaptive or rank<=16:
k=min(max(rank,2),16) if adaptive else min(8,q)
# One matrix-matrix product replaces many scalar projection passes.
Z=np.column_stack([y,U[:,piv[:k]]]);V=np.linalg.qr(Z,mode='reduced')[0]
L=V.T@U/np.sqrt(n);landmarks=L.shape[0];center=L.T@L
rem=np.maximum(d-np.einsum('ij,ij->j',L,L),0)+2e-10*(1+np.max(d));rad=np.sqrt(rem[:,None]*rem[None,:])
def at(cross):
det=diag[:,None]*diag[None,:]-cross*cross
num=diag[None,:]*h[:,None]**2+diag[:,None]*h[None,:]**2-2*cross*h[:,None]*h[None,:]
with np.errstate(divide='ignore',invalid='ignore'):v=.5*num/det
return np.where(det>1e-24,v,np.inf)
ub=np.maximum(at(reg*Q+center-rad),at(reg*Q+center+rad));ub=np.minimum(ub,exact_scores(reg*Q,h));ub=np.minimum(ub,yy/2)
mask=np.triu(np.ones((q,q),bool),1);ub=np.where(mask,ub,0.);ub+=1e-9*(1+abs(ub));ub=np.where(mask,ub,-np.inf);rounds=1
best=-np.inf;bestpair=None
# Only a small number of expensive exact dots before strong fallback.
for _ in range(16):
if np.max(ub)<=best-1e-10*(1+abs(best)):
certified=True;break
i,j=map(int,np.unravel_index(np.argmax(ub),ub.shape));cross=float(U[:,i]@U[:,j]/n+reg*Q[i,j]);gain=pair_value(cross,i,j,diag,h);ub[i,j]=-np.inf;queries+=1
if bestpair is None or gain>best+1e-10*(1+abs(best)):best=gain;bestpair=(i,j)
if np.max(ub)<=best-1e-10*(1+abs(best)):certified=True
if not certified:
K=U.T@U/n+reg*Q;G=exact_scores(K,h);bestpair,best=choose(G);fallback=True;queries+=q*(q-1)//2
sec=(time.perf_counter_ns()-start)/1e9
return dict(method='pilot_batch' if adaptive else 'fixed_batch8',seconds=sec,end_to_end_seconds=sec+task['setup_seconds'],pair=list(map(int,bestpair)),gain=float(best),exact_cross_queries=queries,landmarks=landmarks,bound_rounds=rounds,certified=certified,fallback=fallback)
def test_bounds():
rng=np.random.default_rng(611);checks=0;excess=0.
for _ in range(60):
U=rng.normal(size=(30,9));y=rng.normal(size=30);W=rng.normal(size=(2,9));Q=np.eye(9)+W.T@W
reg=.03;h=U.T@y/len(y);d=np.mean(U*U,axis=0);diag=d+reg*np.diag(Q)
V=np.linalg.qr(np.column_stack([y,U[:,:3]]))[0];L=V.T@U/np.sqrt(len(y));cen=L.T@L;rem=np.maximum(d-np.sum(L*L,axis=0),0)
K=U.T@U/len(y)+reg*Q;actual=exact_scores(K,h)
for i in range(9):
for j in range(i+1,9):
radius=np.sqrt(rem[i]*rem[j]);bounds=[pair_value(reg*Q[i,j]+cen[i,j]+s*radius,i,j,diag,h) for s in [-1,1]]
gap=actual[i,j]-max(bounds);excess=max(excess,gap);assert gap<=1e-9;checks+=1
return dict(pair_bound_checks=checks,max_bound_excess=excess)
def run(out,seeds=8,phase='explore'):
out.mkdir(parents=True,exist_ok=True)
configs=[(1024,128,2,'low_rank'),(1024,128,2,'full_rank'),(2048,512,4,'low_rank'),(2048,512,4,'full_rank'),(2048,512,4,'suppressor'),(8192,512,4,'low_rank')]
rows=[];rng=np.random.default_rng(99101)
for seed in range(seeds):
for n,q,r,regime in configs:
task=instance(seed+(100000 if phase=='confirm' else 0),n,q,r,regime)
results=[]
for method in rng.permutation(['dense','gain','variance','random','pilot_batch','fixed_batch8']):
a=dense(task) if method=='dense' else batched(task,method=='pilot_batch') if method in ('pilot_batch','fixed_batch8') else screened(task,method)
a.update(seed=seed,n=n,q=q,r=r,regime=regime,phase=phase);results.append(a)
reference=next(r for r in results if r['method']=='dense_all_pairs')
for a in results:
a['gain_error']=abs(a['gain']-reference['gain']);a['same_pair']=a['pair']==reference['pair'];a['gain_match']=a['gain_error']<=1e-8*(1+reference['gain']);rows.append(a)
with (out/'rows.csv').open('w') as f:
writer=csv.DictWriter(f,fieldnames=list(rows[0]));writer.writeheader();writer.writerows(rows)
summ=[]
for n,q,r,regime in configs:
for method in ['dense_all_pairs','screen_gain','screen_variance','screen_random','pilot_batch','fixed_batch8']:
rs=[x for x in rows if x['n']==n and x['q']==q and x['regime']==regime and x['method']==method]
summ.append(dict(n=n,q=q,r=r,regime=regime,method=method,seeds=len(rs),mean_seconds=float(np.mean([x['seconds'] for x in rs])),mean_end_to_end_seconds=float(np.mean([x['end_to_end_seconds'] for x in rs])),mean_queries=float(np.mean([x['exact_cross_queries'] for x in rs])),mean_landmarks=float(np.mean([x['landmarks'] for x in rs])),certified_fraction=float(np.mean([x['certified'] for x in rs])),fallback_fraction=float(np.mean([x['fallback'] for x in rs])),gain_mismatches=sum(not x['gain_match'] for x in rs)))
report=dict(phase=phase,seeds=seeds,summary=summ,checks=test_bounds(),scope='Exact two-circuit winner discovery conditional on finite arithmetic margins; uses standard Cauchy/convexity tools. Complete compound-packet space restricted to pairs of supplied fundamental circuits. Strong dense and variance-landmark controls included; feature/circuit setup charged separately.')
(out/'summary.json').write_text(json.dumps(report,indent=2));print(json.dumps(report,indent=2))
if __name__=='__main__':
p=argparse.ArgumentParser();p.add_argument('--out',type=Path,default=ROOT/'exploratory');p.add_argument('--seeds',type=int,default=4);p.add_argument('--phase',default='explore');a=p.parse_args();run(a.out,a.seeds,a.phase)