shadow-50m-vision / scripts /build_ids.py
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"""The proof run's token ids: every source in plan/PROOF_DATA.md -> sequences in one id space.
Id space (the pilot's table plus the 302 rows of plan/TABLE_ROWS.md; the ~64k trim and the
aligned bands are applied later as a row remap, so ids here never change):
0..131071 language (Gemma-3 pieces via new2old; any text round-trips)
131072 + w picture word w (16,384) 147456 + w sound word (8,192)
155648 + w clip word (4,096) 159744..159747 [image] [audio] [video] [sep]
159748..160049 control rows, CTRL below, in TABLE_ROWS order
Sequence shapes
text <bos> text <eos>
picture + text [image] 16 words [/image] caption (OBELICS keeps its page order)
clip + text [video] [t0] w w w w w [t2] w ... [/video] (27 words, a stamp every 5)
sound + text [audio] [t0] w*10 [t2] w*10 ... [/audio] (50 words a 10 s window)
generation pair caption [gen_image] words [end_gen] and the reverse, both kept
SFT <start_of_turn>user\\n ... <end_of_turn>\\n<start_of_turn>model\\n ... <end_of_turn>
loss mask on the model turns only; [system] [think] [tools] [call] [result] rows
Budgets are tokens a source; each unit (a slice of a file) takes an even share, so a source's
take spans all of it. Every document passes a 13-gram filter against the benchmarks'
test text (decon.npy). Output ids/<lane>/<source>/part_XXXXX.npz (ids uint32, offs int64,
mask uint8 for SFT) + ids/manifest.json (tokens, docs, licence a source).
python3 build_ids.py decon # benchmark 13-grams, once
python3 build_ids.py run knowledge # a lane (knowledge | understanding | sft) or a source name
python3 build_ids.py count # seal counts over everything built
"""
import os
for _v in ("OMP_NUM_THREADS", "MKL_NUM_THREADS", "OPENBLAS_NUM_THREADS"): os.environ.setdefault(_v, "1")
os.environ.setdefault("SHADOW_RELEASE", "/workspace/shadow/tables")
import sys, re, io, json, glob, time, random, hashlib, pathlib, zlib
import multiprocessing as mp
import numpy as np
ROOT = pathlib.Path("/workspace/shadow"); D = ROOT / "data"; W = ROOT / "words"; OUT = ROOT / "ids"
sys.path.insert(0, str(ROOT / "scripts"))
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ id space
N_LANG, OFF = 131072, {"image": 131072, "audio": 147456, "video": 155648}
MARK = {"image": 159744, "audio": 159745, "video": 159746, "sep": 159747}
CTRL_NAMES = (["[/image]", "[/audio]", "[/video]", "[speech]", "[screen]", "[page]", "[frame]", "[system]",
"[think]", "[/think]", "[tools]", "[call]", "[/call]", "[result]", "[/result]",
"[retrieved]", "[/retrieved]", "[archive]"] + [f"[t{i}]" for i in range(64)]
+ ["[point]"] + [f"[tile{i}]" for i in range(64)] + [f"[patch{i}]" for i in range(64)]
+ [f"[off{i}]" for i in range(16)] + ["[still]", "[blank]", "[line]"]
+ ["[gen_image]", "[gen_video]", "[gen_audio]", "[end_gen]", "[gen4]", "[gen5]", "[gen6]", "[gen7]"]
+ [f"[ctl{i}]" for i in range(64)])
assert len(CTRL_NAMES) == 302
CTRL = {n: 159748 + i for i, n in enumerate(CTRL_NAMES)}
N_ROWS = 159748 + 302
END = {"image": CTRL["[/image]"], "audio": CTRL["[/audio]"], "video": CTRL["[/video]"]}
GEN = {"image": CTRL["[gen_image]"], "audio": CTRL["[gen_audio]"], "video": CTRL["[gen_video]"]}
BOS, EOS, SOT, EOT, NL = 2, 1, 8, 9, 10
_TOK = None
def tok():
global _TOK
if _TOK is None:
import tok00; _TOK = tok00.Tok()
return _TOK
def enc(text):
return tok().encode_batch([text])[0].tolist() if text else []
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ words of pictures, clips, sounds
WORDS = {}
def words(mod, src):
k = (mod, src)
if k not in WORDS:
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
d = {}
for f in sorted(glob.glob(str(W / mod / src / "part_*.parquet"))):
t = pq.read_table(f)
ks = t.column("key").to_pylist(); ws = t.column("words").to_numpy(zero_copy_only=False)
ss = t.column("seconds").to_pylist() if "seconds" in t.column_names else [None] * len(ks)
for a, b, c in zip(ks, ws, ss): d[a] = (np.asarray(b, np.int64), c)
WORDS[k] = d
print(f" words {mod}/{src}: {len(d):,}", flush=True)
return WORDS[k]
def media(mod, w, sec=None, kind=None):
"""[image] words [/image]; clips and sounds carry time stamps."""
w = np.asarray(w) + OFF[mod]; out = [MARK[mod]] + ([CTRL[kind]] if kind else [])
if mod == "image":
out += w.tolist()
elif mod == "video":
step = (sec or 8.0) / len(w)
for i, x in enumerate(w.tolist()):
if i % 5 == 0: out.append(CTRL[f"[t{min(63, int(i * step))}]"])
out.append(x)
else: # 50 words = 10 s a window, a stamp every 2 s
for i, x in enumerate(w.tolist()):
if i % 10 == 0: out.append(CTRL[f"[t{min(63, (i // 50) * 10 + (i % 50) // 5)}]"])
out.append(x)
return out + [END[mod]]
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ SFT turns
THINK = re.compile(r"<think>(.*?)</think>\s*", re.S)
def turn_ids(role, text, pre=None):
"""-> (ids, train). role user|model. <think>..</think> -> [think]..[/think], dropped when empty."""
ids = [SOT] + enc(role + "\n") + (pre or [])
if text:
pos = 0
for m in THINK.finditer(text):
ids += enc(text[pos:m.start()])
if m.group(1).strip(): ids += [CTRL["[think]"]] + enc(m.group(1).strip()) + [CTRL["[/think]"], NL]
pos = m.end()
ids += enc(text[pos:])
ids += [EOT, NL]
return ids, role == "model"
def chat(turns):
"""turns: [(role, text, pre_ids)] -> doc of segments with a mask."""
segs = []
for r, t, p in turns:
ids, tr = turn_ids(r, t, p); segs.append((ids, tr))
return segs
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ helpers over files
def rows(f, cols=None):
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
pf = pq.ParquetFile(f); i = 0
for b in pf.iter_batches(batch_size=512, columns=cols):
for r in b.to_pylist(): yield i, r; i += 1
def pq_slices(pattern, per=20000):
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
out = []
for f in sorted(glob.glob(str(D / pattern), recursive=True)):
if pathlib.Path(f).name in ("fetch_index.parquet", "selected_docs.parquet"): continue # our own fetch bookkeeping
n = pq.read_metadata(f).num_rows
out += [(f, a, min(n, a + per)) for a in range(0, n, per)]
return out
def slice_rows(u, cols=None):
f, a, b = u
for i, r in rows(f, cols):
if i >= b: break
if i >= a: yield i, r
def h01(s): # stable split in [0,1)
return (zlib.crc32(str(s).encode()) & 0xffffffff) / 2 ** 32
def T(text, train=True):
return (enc(text), train)
def plain(text):
return [([BOS] + enc(text) + [EOS], True)]
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ knowledge
def k_cosmo(u):
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["text", "audience", "format"]):
if r["format"] == "textbook" and ("college" in r["audience"] or "high_school" in r["audience"]):
yield plain(r["text"])
def k_content(u):
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["content"]): yield plain(r["content"])
def k_wiki(u):
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["title", "text"]):
t = r["text"]; cut = t.rfind("\n", 0, 2000)
yield plain(r["title"] + "\n\n" + (t[:cut] if len(t) > 2000 and cut > 300 else t[:2000]))
def k_math(gsm):
def f(u):
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["problem", "generated_solution", "problem_source"]):
if ("gsm8k" in r["problem_source"]) == gsm: yield plain(r["problem"] + "\n\n" + r["generated_solution"])
return f
def k_text(u):
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["text"]): yield plain(r["text"])
def k_code(sft):
def f(u):
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["id", "input", "output", "average_test_score"]):
if float(r["average_test_score"] or 0) < 0.9 or (h01(r["id"]) < 0.5) != sft: continue
if sft: yield chat([("user", r["input"], None), ("model", r["output"], None)])
else: yield plain(r["input"] + "\n\n" + r["output"])
return f
def k_udcode(u):
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["full_content"]): yield plain(r["full_content"])
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ understanding: pictures
def fv_turns(texts):
return [(t.get("user") or "", t.get("assistant") or "") for t in texts]
def u_finevision(sft):
def f(u):
fw = words("image", "finevision"); rel = os.path.relpath(u[0], D)
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["images", "texts"]):
if (h01(f"{rel}:{i}") < 0.7) == sft: continue
ims = []
for j in range(len(r["images"] or [])):
w = fw.get(f"{rel}:{i}:{j}")
if w is not None: ims += media("image", w[0])
if not ims: continue
qa = fv_turns(r["texts"] or [])
if sft:
tu = []
for k, (q, a) in enumerate(qa):
tu += [("user", q, ims if k == 0 else None), ("model", a, None)]
yield chat(tu)
else:
yield [([BOS] + ims, True)] + [T(q + "\n" + a + "\n\n") for q, a in qa] + [([EOS], True)]
return f
def u_pixmo(u):
pw = words("image", "pixmo-cap")
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["image_url", "caption"]):
w = pw.get(hashlib.sha1(r["image_url"].encode()).hexdigest())
if w is not None: yield [([BOS] + media("image", w[0]), True), T(r["caption"]), ([EOS], True)]
def obelics_units():
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
sel = pq.read_table(D / "understanding/image/obelics/selected_docs.parquet").to_pandas()
out = []
for f, g in sel.groupby("file"):
rs = sorted(g.row.tolist()); out += [(str(D / "understanding/image/obelics" / f), rs[k:k + 5000]) for k in range(0, len(rs), 5000)]
return out
def u_obelics(u):
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
ow = words("image", "obelics"); f, want = u; want = set(want)
t = pq.read_table(f, columns=["images", "texts"])
ims, txs = t.column("images").to_pylist(), t.column("texts").to_pylist()
for i in sorted(want):
segs, n_img = [([BOS], True)], 0
for im, tx in zip(ims[i], txs[i]):
if im:
w = ow.get(hashlib.sha1(im.encode()).hexdigest())
if w is not None: segs.append((media("image", w[0]), True)); n_img += 1
elif tx:
segs.append(T(tx + "\n\n"))
if n_img: yield segs + [([EOS], True)]
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ understanding: clips and sounds
def msrvtt_caps(split):
fn = {"train": "msrvtt_train_9k.json", "test": "msrvtt_test_1k.json"}[split]
return {x["video"]: (x["caption"] if isinstance(x["caption"], list) else [x["caption"]])
for x in json.load(open(D / "understanding/video/msrvtt" / fn))}
def single(name): # one unit: the whole source
return lambda: [name]
def u_msrvtt(gen):
def f(u):
vw = words("video", "msrvtt"); caps = msrvtt_caps("train"); rnd = random.Random(1 + gen)
for k, (w, s) in vw.items():
c = caps.get(k.split("/")[-1])
if not c: continue # the 1k test clips are never used
for cap in (rnd.sample(c, min(5, len(c))) if not gen else [rnd.choice(c)]): # 20 human captions a clip: 5 in understanding
yield from pair("video", w, s, cap, gen)
return f
def pair(mod, w, s, cap, gen):
"""understanding: [media] caption. generation: both orders."""
m = media(mod, w, s)
if not gen:
yield [([BOS] + m, True), T(cap), ([EOS], True)]; return
body = (np.asarray(w) + OFF[mod]).tolist()
yield [([BOS], True), T(cap), ([GEN[mod]] + body + [CTRL["[end_gen]"], EOS], True)]
yield [([BOS] + m, True), T(cap), ([EOS], True)]
def u_llava_video_cap(u):
vw = words("video", "llava-video-178k")
for f in glob.glob(str(D / "understanding/video/llava-video-178k/*/*cap_processed.json")):
for x in json.load(open(f)):
w = vw.get(x.get("video", ""))
if w is None: continue
conv = x["conversations"]
yield [([BOS] + media("video", w[0], w[1]), True), T(conv[1]["value"]), ([EOS], True)]
def u_openvid(u):
import csv
vw = words("video", "openvid-1m"); caps = {}
with open(D / "generation/video/openvid-1m/data/train/OpenVid-1M.csv", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
for r in csv.DictReader(fh): caps[r["video"]] = r["caption"]
for k, (w, s) in vw.items():
c = caps.get(k.split("/")[-1])
if c: yield from pair("video", w, s, c, True)
def u_audioset(u):
aw = words("audio", "audioset")
for f in sorted(glob.glob(str(D / "understanding/audio/audioset/**/*.parquet"), recursive=True)):
for i, r in rows(f, ["video_id", "human_labels"]):
w = aw.get(r["video_id"])
if w is not None: yield [([BOS] + media("audio", w[0], w[1]), True), T(", ".join(r["human_labels"] or [])), ([EOS], True)]
def u_clotho(gen):
def f(u):
aw = words("audio", "clotho")
for g in sorted(glob.glob(str(D / "understanding/audio/clotho/**/*.parquet"), recursive=True)):
for i, r in rows(g, ["index", "text"]):
w = aw.get(r["index"])
if w is not None and r["text"]: yield from pair("audio", w[0], w[1], r["text"], gen)
return f
def u_audiocaps(u):
aw = words("audio", "audiocaps")
for g in sorted(glob.glob(str(D / "generation/audio/audiocaps/**/*.parquet"), recursive=True)):
for i, r in rows(g, ["audiocap_id", "caption"]):
w = aw.get(str(r["audiocap_id"]))
if w is not None: yield from pair("audio", w[0], w[1], r["caption"], True)
def wavcaps_index():
"""wavcaps words by file stem ("Yb0RFKhbpFJA", "2219")."""
return {pathlib.Path(k).stem: v for k, v in words("audio", "wavcaps").items()}
def u_wavcaps(gen):
def f(u):
ww = wavcaps_index()
for js in ["AudioSet_SL/as_final.json", "SoundBible/sb_final.json"]:
d = json.load(open(D / "understanding/audio/wavcaps/json_files" / js)); d = d.get("data", d)
for x in d:
w = ww.get(pathlib.Path(str(x["id"])).stem)
if w is not None and (h01(x["id"]) < 0.5) == gen: yield from pair("audio", w[0], w[1], x["caption"], gen)
return f
def audio_lookup():
"""AudioSkills / AF names -> sound words: AudioSet 'Y<ytid>.wav', WavCaps AS_SL, SoundBible."""
aset = words("audio", "audioset"); wc = wavcaps_index()
def get(name):
st = pathlib.Path(name).stem
return wc.get(st) or (aset.get(st[1:]) if st.startswith("Y") else None) or aset.get(st)
return get
def conv_turns(conv, pre, tag):
"""LLaVA-style [{'from','value'}] with one <tag> placeholder -> [(role, text, pre)]."""
out, used = [], False
for c in conv:
r = "user" if c["from"] in ("human", "user") else "model"
v = c["value"]
p = None
if r == "user" and not used and pre is not None:
v = re.sub(rf"<{tag}(-\d+)?>\n?", "", v); p = pre; used = True
out.append((r, v, p))
return out
def u_audioskills(sft):
def f(u):
get = audio_lookup()
base = D / "understanding/audio/audioskills-xl/audioskills_xl"
for js in ["AudioSet.json", "AudioSet_SL.json", "WavCaps.json", "SoundBible.json"]:
if not (base / js).exists(): continue
for x in json.load(open(base / js)):
w = get(x["sound"] if isinstance(x["sound"], str) else x["sound"][0])
if w is None or (h01(json.dumps(x["conversations"])[:200]) < 0.5) != sft: continue
m = media("audio", w[0], w[1])
if sft: yield chat(conv_turns(x["conversations"], m, "sound"))
else:
c = x["conversations"]; yield [([BOS] + m, True), T(c[0]["value"].replace("<sound>", "").strip() + "\n" + c[1]["value"]), ([EOS], True)]
return f
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ generation pairs: pictures
FLUX_CAPS = ["caption_composition", "caption_entity", "caption_style", "caption_detail", "caption_original"]
def u_flux(u):
fw = words("image", "flux-reason-6m")
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["id"] + FLUX_CAPS):
w = fw.get(r["id"])
if w is None: continue
caps = [r[c] for c in FLUX_CAPS if r[c]]
if not caps: continue
rnd = random.Random(r["id"])
yield from pair("image", w[0], None, rnd.choice(caps), True)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ SFT
def s_messages(u):
"""Nemotron / UltraData / smoltalk2: messages [{role, content}]."""
f = u[0] if isinstance(u, tuple) else u
it = slice_rows(u, ["messages"]) if isinstance(u, tuple) else ((i, json.loads(l)) for i, l in enumerate(open(f)))
for i, r in it:
ms = r["messages"]
if isinstance(ms, str):
try: ms = json.loads(ms)
except Exception: import ast; ms = ast.literal_eval(ms)
tu, sys_ = [], None
for m in ms:
role, c = m.get("role"), m.get("content") or ""
c = c.replace(" /no_think", "").replace("/no_think", "")
if role == "system":
sys_ = c; continue
if role == "user":
pre = ([CTRL["[system]"]] + enc(sys_) + [NL]) if sys_ else None; sys_ = None
tu.append(("user", c, pre))
elif role == "assistant":
tu.append(("model", c, None))
if tu and tu[-1][0] == "model" and tu[0][0] == "user": yield chat(tu)
def jsonl_units(pattern):
return sorted(glob.glob(str(D / pattern), recursive=True))
def s_toucan(u):
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["messages"]):
try: ms = json.loads(r["messages"])
except Exception: continue
segs, sys_ = [], None
for m in ms:
role, c = m.get("role"), m.get("content") or ""
if role == "system":
decl = re.sub(r"<\|im_[a-z]+\|>", " ", c).replace("tool_declare", "").strip()
sys_ = [CTRL["[tools]"]] + enc(decl) + [NL]; continue
if role == "user":
ids, tr = turn_ids("user", c, sys_); sys_ = None; segs.append((ids, tr))
elif role == "assistant":
pre = []
calls = m.get("tool_calls") or ([m["function_call"]] if m.get("function_call") else [])
body = enc(c)
for tc in calls:
fn = tc.get("function", tc); body += [CTRL["[call]"]] + enc(json.dumps({"name": fn.get("name"), "arguments": fn.get("arguments")})) + [CTRL["[/call]"]]
segs.append(([SOT] + enc("model\n") + body + [EOT, NL], True))
elif role in ("function", "tool"):
segs.append(([SOT] + enc("user\n") + [CTRL["[result]"]] + enc(c) + [CTRL["[/result]"], EOT, NL], False))
if any(t for _, t in segs): yield segs
def s_toolace(u):
for x in json.load(open(D / "sft/tools/toolace/data.json")):
pre = [CTRL["[system]"]] + enc(x["system"]) + [NL]; segs = []
for c in x["conversations"]:
r = c["from"]
if r == "user": ids, tr = turn_ids("user", c["value"], pre); pre = None; segs.append((ids, tr))
elif r == "assistant":
v = c["value"]
body = ([CTRL["[call]"]] + enc(v) + [CTRL["[/call]"]]) if v.startswith("[") and v.endswith(")]") else enc(v)
segs.append(([SOT] + enc("model\n") + body + [EOT, NL], True))
elif r == "tool":
segs.append(([SOT] + enc("user\n") + [CTRL["[result]"]] + enc(c["value"]) + [CTRL["[/result]"], EOT, NL], False))
if segs: yield segs
def s_xlam(u):
for x in json.load(open(D / "sft/tools/xlam/xlam_function_calling_60k.json")):
pre = [CTRL["[tools]"]] + enc(x["tools"]) + [NL]
ids, _ = turn_ids("user", x["query"], pre)
yield [(ids, False), ([SOT] + enc("model\n") + [CTRL["[call]"]] + enc(x["answers"]) + [CTRL["[/call]"], EOT, NL], True)]
def s_onevision(u):
ow = words("image", "llava-onevision"); rel = os.path.relpath(u[0], D)
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["conversations"]):
w = ow.get(f"{rel}:{i}:0")
if w is not None: yield chat(conv_turns(r["conversations"], media("image", w[0]), "image"))
def s_pixmo_ask(u):
pw = words("image", "pixmo-ask")
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["image_url", "question", "answer"]):
w = pw.get(hashlib.sha1(r["image_url"].encode()).hexdigest())
if w is not None: yield chat([("user", r["question"].strip(), media("image", w[0])), ("model", r["answer"], None)])
def s_voice(u):
vw = words("audio", "voiceassistant-400k"); rel = os.path.relpath(u[0], D)
for i, r in slice_rows(u, ["question", "answer"]):
w = vw.get(f"{rel}:{i}:0")
if w is not None: yield chat([("user", "", media("audio", w[0], w[1], "[speech]")), ("model", r["answer"], None)])
def s_af(u):
get = audio_lookup()
for f in sorted(glob.glob(str(D / "sft/audio/af-chat/afchat/*.json")) + glob.glob(str(D / "sft/audio/af-think/*/*.json"))):
for x in json.load(open(f)):
snd = x["sound"] if isinstance(x["sound"], list) else [x["sound"]]
ws = [get(s) for s in snd]
if not ws or any(w is None for w in ws): continue
pre = [t for w in ws for t in media("audio", w[0], w[1])]
yield chat(conv_turns(x["conversations"], pre, "sound"))
def s_llava_video_qa(u):
vw = words("video", "llava-video-178k")
for f in glob.glob(str(D / "understanding/video/llava-video-178k/*/*qa_processed.json")):
for x in json.load(open(f)):
w = vw.get(x.get("video", ""))
if w is not None: yield chat(conv_turns(x["conversations"], media("video", w[0], w[1]), "image"))
def s_video_r1(u):
iw, vw = words("image", "video-r1"), words("video", "video-r1")
cot = {x["problem_id"]: x for x in json.load(open(D / "sft/video/video-r1/Video-R1-COT-165k.json"))}
for x in json.load(open(D / "sft/video/video-r1/Video-R1-260k.json")):
p = x["path"].lstrip("./")
w = (vw if x["data_type"] == "video" else iw).get(p)
if w is None: continue
m = media("video", w[0], w[1]) if x["data_type"] == "video" else media("image", w[0])
q = x["problem"] + ("\n" + "\n".join(x["options"]) if x.get("options") else "")
c = cot.get(x["problem_id"]); ans = x["solution"]
a = (c["process"] + "\n" + ans) if c else ans
a = re.sub(r"</?answer>", "", a)
yield chat([("user", q, m), ("model", a, None)])
ASK = {"image": ["Draw {c}", "Make a picture of {c}", "Generate an image: {c}", "Can you draw this? {c}", "Create an image of {c}"],
"video": ["Make a video of {c}", "Generate a short clip: {c}", "Film this: {c}", "Create a video showing {c}"],
"audio": ["Make the sound of {c}", "Generate audio: {c}", "What would this sound like? Make it: {c}", "Create a sound of {c}"]}
def s_gen(u):
"""'draw ...' -> [gen_*] words [end_gen]; captions not used by the pretraining pairs' first half."""
rnd = random.Random(7)
srcs = [("image", "flux-reason-6m", None), ("video", "openvid-1m", None), ("audio", "audiocaps", None)]
import csv
caps = {"flux-reason-6m": {}, "openvid-1m": {}, "audiocaps": {}}
for f in sorted(glob.glob(str(D / "generation/image/flux-reason-6m/**/*.parquet"), recursive=True)):
for i, r in rows(f, ["id", "caption_composition"]): caps["flux-reason-6m"][r["id"]] = r["caption_composition"]
with open(D / "generation/video/openvid-1m/data/train/OpenVid-1M.csv", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
for r in csv.DictReader(fh): caps["openvid-1m"][r["video"]] = r["caption"]
for f in sorted(glob.glob(str(D / "generation/audio/audiocaps/**/*.parquet"), recursive=True)):
for i, r in rows(f, ["audiocap_id", "caption"]): caps["audiocaps"][str(r["audiocap_id"])] = r["caption"]
for mod, src, _ in srcs:
for k, (w, s) in words(mod, src).items():
c = caps[src].get(k.split("/")[-1] if mod == "video" else k)
if not c or rnd.random() > 0.35: continue
c = c.strip().rstrip("."); c = c[0].lower() + c[1:] if c[:2].istitle() else c
body = (np.asarray(w) + OFF[mod]).tolist()
yield [(turn_ids("user", rnd.choice(ASK[mod]).format(c=c))[0], False),
([SOT] + enc("model\n") + [GEN[mod]] + body + [CTRL["[end_gen]"], EOT, NL], True)]
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ the sources
M = 1_000_000
SRC = {
# name: (lane, units(), docs(unit), token budget, licence, sft)
"cosmopedia-v2": ("knowledge", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/cosmopedia-v2/**/*.parquet"), k_cosmo, 300 * M, "odc-by", False),
"ultra-fineweb-l3": ("knowledge", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/ultra-fineweb-l3/**/*.parquet"), k_content, 250 * M, "apache-2.0", False),
"ultra-fineweb": ("knowledge", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/ultra-fineweb/**/*.parquet"), k_content, 150 * M, "apache-2.0", False),
"wikipedia": ("knowledge", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/wikipedia/**/*.parquet"), k_wiki, 50 * M, "cc-by-sa-3.0", False),
"openmathinstruct-2-gsm8k": ("knowledge", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/openmathinstruct-2/**/*.parquet", 100000), k_math(True), 84 * M, "cc-by-4.0", False),
"openmathinstruct-2-math": ("knowledge", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/openmathinstruct-2/**/*.parquet", 100000), k_math(False), 36 * M, "cc-by-4.0", False),
"finemath": ("knowledge", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/finemath/**/*.parquet"), k_text, 30 * M, "odc-by", False),
"opencodeinstruct": ("knowledge", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/opencodeinstruct/**/*.parquet", 50000), k_code(False), 70 * M, "cc-by-4.0", False),
"ultradata-code": ("knowledge", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/ultradata-code/**/*.parquet"), k_udcode, 30 * M, "apache-2.0", False),
"obelics": ("understanding", obelics_units, u_obelics, 360 * M, "cc-by-4.0", False),
"finevision": ("understanding", lambda: pq_slices("understanding/image/finevision/**/*.parquet", 5000), u_finevision(False), 300 * M, "cc-by-4.0", False),
"pixmo-cap": ("understanding", lambda: pq_slices("understanding/image/pixmo-cap/**/*.parquet"), u_pixmo, 150 * M, "odc-by", False),
"msrvtt": ("understanding", single("msrvtt"), u_msrvtt(False), 10 * M, "see-card", False),
"llava-video-178k": ("understanding", single("llava-video"), u_llava_video_cap, 40 * M, "see-card", False),
"audioset": ("understanding", single("audioset"), u_audioset, 15 * M, "cc-by-4.0", False),
"clotho": ("understanding", single("clotho"), u_clotho(False), 5 * M, "see-card", False),
"wavcaps": ("understanding", single("wavcaps"), u_wavcaps(False), 10 * M, "cc-by-4.0", False),
"audioskills-xl": ("understanding", single("audioskills"), u_audioskills(False), 20 * M, "nvidia-other", False),
"gen-flux-reason-6m": ("understanding", lambda: pq_slices("generation/image/flux-reason-6m/**/*.parquet", 5000), u_flux, 60 * M, "apache-2.0", False),
"gen-openvid-1m": ("understanding", single("openvid"), u_openvid, 12 * M, "cc-by-4.0", False),
"gen-msrvtt": ("understanding", single("msrvtt"), u_msrvtt(True), 3 * M, "see-card", False),
"gen-audiocaps": ("understanding", single("audiocaps"), u_audiocaps, 9 * M, "cc-by-nc-4.0", False),
"gen-clotho": ("understanding", single("clotho"), u_clotho(True), 2 * M, "see-card", False),
"gen-wavcaps": ("understanding", single("wavcaps"), u_wavcaps(True), 4 * M, "cc-by-4.0", False),
"nemotron-post-training-v1": ("sft", lambda: pq_slices("sft/talking/nemotron-post-training-v1/**/*.parquet"), s_messages, 80 * M, "cc-by-4.0", True),
"ultradata-sft-2605": ("sft", lambda: jsonl_units("sft/talking/ultradata-sft-2605/**/*.jsonl"), s_messages, 60 * M, "apache-2.0", True),
"smoltalk2": ("sft", lambda: pq_slices("sft/talking/smoltalk2/**/*.parquet"), s_messages, 30 * M, "see-card", True),
"sft-finevision": ("sft", lambda: pq_slices("understanding/image/finevision/**/*.parquet", 5000), u_finevision(True), 90 * M, "cc-by-4.0", True),
"llava-onevision": ("sft", lambda: pq_slices("sft/vision/llava-onevision/**/*.parquet", 5000), s_onevision, 40 * M, "apache-2.0", True),
"pixmo-ask": ("sft", lambda: pq_slices("sft/vision/pixmo-ask/**/*.parquet", 20000), s_pixmo_ask, 20 * M, "odc-by", True),
"voiceassistant-400k": ("sft", lambda: pq_slices("sft/audio/voiceassistant-400k/**/*.parquet", 5000), s_voice, 20 * M, "apache-2.0", True),
"af-chat-think": ("sft", single("af"), s_af, 15 * M, "nvidia-other", True),
"sft-audioskills-xl": ("sft", single("audioskills"), u_audioskills(True), 15 * M, "nvidia-other", True),
"llava-video-qa": ("sft", single("llava-video-qa"), s_llava_video_qa, 25 * M, "see-card", True),
"video-r1": ("sft", single("video-r1"), s_video_r1, 15 * M, "apache-2.0", True),
"toucan-1.5m": ("sft", lambda: pq_slices("sft/tools/toucan-1.5m/**/*.parquet", 20000), s_toucan, 30 * M, "apache-2.0", True),
"toolace": ("sft", single("toolace"), s_toolace, 8 * M, "apache-2.0", True),
"xlam": ("sft", single("xlam"), s_xlam, 7 * M, "cc-by-4.0", True),
"sft-opencodeinstruct": ("sft", lambda: pq_slices("knowledge/opencodeinstruct/**/*.parquet", 50000), k_code(True), 15 * M, "cc-by-4.0", True),
"gen-instructions": ("sft", single("gen"), s_gen, 30 * M, "mixed", True),
}
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ decontamination
DECON = None
def ngrams(a, n=13):
a = np.asarray(a, np.uint64)
if len(a) < n: return np.zeros(0, np.uint64)
h = np.zeros(len(a) - n + 1, np.uint64)
with np.errstate(over="ignore"):
for k in range(n): h = h * np.uint64(1000003) + a[k:k + len(h)]
return h
def clean(ids):
"""Dropped only when at least half of some test item's 13-grams are in the document: the
test question itself is there. A shared phrase ("What is the smallest positive integer $n$
such that") is not a leak; counting any single 13-gram dropped 24% of the MATH-style half."""
global DECON
if DECON is None:
z = np.load(ROOT / "tables/decon.npz"); DECON = (z["h"], z["item"], z["n"])
H, I, N = DECON
t = np.asarray(ids); t = t[t < N_LANG] # text only
h = np.unique(ngrams(t))
if not len(h): return True
j = np.searchsorted(H, h).clip(0, len(H) - 1); hit = H[j] == h
if not hit.any(): return True
it, k = np.unique(I[j[hit]], return_counts=True)
return not (k >= np.maximum(1, 0.5 * N[it])).any()
def build_decon():
from datasets import load_dataset
texts = []
def add(repo, cfg, split, f):
try:
ds = load_dataset(repo, cfg, split=split)
texts.extend(f(x) for x in ds); print(f" {repo} {cfg or ''} {split}: {len(ds)}", flush=True)
except Exception as e: print(f" SKIP {repo}: {str(e)[:120]}", flush=True)
# questions only: solutions and reference code share boilerplate with every maths and code
# source (the first filter, built with them, dropped 35% of OpenMathInstruct's MATH half)
add("openai/gsm8k", "main", "test", lambda x: x["question"])
for c in ["algebra", "counting_and_probability", "geometry", "intermediate_algebra", "number_theory", "prealgebra", "precalculus"]:
add("EleutherAI/hendrycks_math", c, "test", lambda x: x["problem"])
add("cais/mmlu", "all", "test", lambda x: x["question"] + " " + " ".join(x["choices"]))
for c in ["ARC-Easy", "ARC-Challenge"]: add("allenai/ai2_arc", c, "test", lambda x: x["question"] + " " + " ".join(x["choices"]["text"]))
add("Rowan/hellaswag", None, "validation", lambda x: x["ctx"] + " " + " ".join(x["endings"]))
add("openai/openai_humaneval", None, "test", lambda x: x["prompt"])
add("google-research-datasets/mbpp", "full", "test", lambda x: x["text"] + "\n" + "\n".join(x["test_list"]))
per = [np.unique(ngrams(t)) for t in tok().encode_batch(texts)]
h = np.concatenate(per + [np.zeros(0, np.uint64)]); item = np.repeat(np.arange(len(per)), [len(p) for p in per])
o = np.argsort(h, kind="stable"); h, item = h[o], item[o]
first = np.r_[True, h[1:] != h[:-1]] # a 13-gram shared by items keeps its first item
np.savez(ROOT / "tables/decon.npz", h=h[first], item=item[first].astype(np.int32), n=np.array([len(p) for p in per], np.int32))
print(f"decon: {len(texts):,} test items, {first.sum():,} 13-grams; a document goes when it holds half of one item", flush=True)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------ worker and driver
def work(args):
name, ui, u, cap = args
lane, _, docs_fn, _, _, sft = SRC[name]
out = OUT / lane / name / f"part_{ui:05d}.npz"
if out.exists():
z = np.load(out); return name, len(z["ids"]), len(z["offs"]) - 1, 0
ids, offs, mask, n_dirty, tot = [], [0], [], 0, 0
try:
for segs in docs_fn(u):
d = [t for s, _ in segs for t in s]
if not clean(d): n_dirty += 1; continue
ids += d; offs.append(len(ids))
if sft: mask += [m for s, tr in segs for m in [int(tr)] * len(s)]
tot += len(d)
if tot >= cap: break
except Exception as e:
print(f" ERR {name} unit {ui}: {type(e).__name__} {str(e)[:200]}", flush=True)
out.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
kw = {"mask": np.asarray(mask, np.uint8)} if sft else {}
np.savez(out, ids=np.asarray(ids, np.uint32), offs=np.asarray(offs, np.int64), **kw)
return name, len(ids), len(offs) - 1, n_dirty
def run(sel, workers=96):
names = [n for n, v in SRC.items() if v[0] == sel or n in sel.split(",")]
man_p = OUT / "manifest.json"; man = json.load(open(man_p)) if man_p.exists() else {}
jobs = []
for n in names:
us = SRC[n][1]()
random.Random(0).shuffle(us)
cap = int(SRC[n][3] / max(1, len(us)) * 1.15) if len(us) > 1 else SRC[n][3]
jobs += [(n, i, u, cap) for i, u in enumerate(us)]
print(f"{n}: {len(us)} units, {SRC[n][3]/M:.0f}M budget, {cap/M:.2f}M a unit", flush=True)
# forkserver, not fork: the parent has pyarrow's threads running, and a forked child can
# inherit a held lock (the first run hung at 0% CPU). Words load lazily in each worker.
random.Random(1).shuffle(jobs)
t0 = time.time(); acc = {n: [0, 0, 0] for n in names}
with mp.get_context("forkserver").Pool(workers, maxtasksperchild=20) as pool:
for k, (n, t, d, dirty) in enumerate(pool.imap_unordered(work, jobs)):
a = acc[n]; a[0] += t; a[1] += d; a[2] += dirty
if k % 50 == 0 or k == len(jobs) - 1:
print(time.strftime("%H:%M:%S"), f"{k+1}/{len(jobs)} units, {sum(x[0] for x in acc.values())/M:.1f}M tokens", flush=True)
man = json.load(open(man_p)) if man_p.exists() else {} # re-read: another run may have written since
for n in names:
lane, _, _, bud, lic, sft = SRC[n]
man[n] = {"lane": lane, "tokens": acc[n][0], "docs": acc[n][1], "dropped_by_13gram": acc[n][2], "budget": bud, "licence": lic, "sft": sft}
print(f" {n:28s} {acc[n][0]/M:8.1f}M tokens (budget {bud/M:.0f}M) {acc[n][1]:,} docs {acc[n][2]:,} dropped", flush=True)
json.dump(man, open(man_p, "w"), indent=1)
print(f"DONE {sel} in {time.time()-t0:.0f}s", flush=True)
def count():
c = np.zeros(N_ROWS, np.int64)
for f in glob.glob(str(OUT / "*/*/part_*.npz")):
c += np.bincount(np.load(f)["ids"], minlength=N_ROWS)[:N_ROWS]
np.save(ROOT / "tables/counts.npy", c); print(f"counts over {c.sum():,} tokens; rows used {int((c > 0).sum()):,} of {N_ROWS:,}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
cmd = sys.argv[1]
if cmd == "decon": build_decon()
elif cmd == "run": run(sys.argv[2], int(sys.argv[3]) if len(sys.argv) > 3 else 96)
elif cmd == "count": count()