macos/codeeditapp-codeedit/tests/ax_helpers.py

import os
import re
import time
import warnings
import subprocess
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Optional
from collections import Counter, deque

from ApplicationServices import (
    AXUIElementCreateApplication,
    AXUIElementCreateSystemWide,
    AXUIElementCopyAttributeNames,
    AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue,
    AXUIElementGetAttributeValueCount,
    AXUIElementCopyAttributeValues,
    AXUIElementIsAttributeSettable,
    AXUIElementSetAttributeValue,
    AXUIElementCopyMultipleAttributeValues,
    AXUIElementCopyParameterizedAttributeNames,
    AXUIElementCopyParameterizedAttributeValue,
    AXUIElementCopyActionNames,
    AXUIElementCopyActionDescription,
    AXUIElementPerformAction,
    AXUIElementCopyElementAtPosition,
    AXUIElementGetPid,
    AXUIElementSetMessagingTimeout,
    kAXValueCGPointType,
    kAXValueCGSizeType,
    AXValueGetValue,
)
import Quartz

ROLE_MAP = {
    "AXButton": "button",
    "AXStaticText": "label",
    "AXTextField": "text_field",
    "AXTextArea": "text_area",
    "AXCheckBox": "checkbox",
    "AXRadioButton": "radio",
    "AXPopUpButton": "popup",
    "AXComboBox": "combobox",
    "AXSlider": "slider",
    "AXImage": "image",
    "AXGroup": "group",
    "AXList": "list",
    "AXTable": "table",
    "AXGrid": "grid",
    "AXCell": "cell",
    "AXRow": "row",
    "AXColumn": "column",
    "AXOutline": "outline",
    "AXToolbar": "toolbar",
    "AXTabGroup": "tab_group",
    "AXTab": "tab",
    "AXScrollArea": "scroll_area",
    "AXScrollBar": "scroll_bar",
    "AXWindow": "window",
    "AXSheet": "sheet",
    "AXDialog": "dialog",
    "AXPopover": "popover",
    "AXMenu": "menu",
    "AXMenuBar": "menu_bar",
    "AXMenuBarItem": "menu_bar_item",
    "AXMenuItem": "menu_item",
    "AXSplitGroup": "split_group",
    "AXSplitter": "splitter",
    "AXProgressIndicator": "progress",
    "AXBusyIndicator": "busy",
    "AXValueIndicator": "value_indicator",
    "AXLink": "link",
    "AXDisclosureTriangle": "disclosure",
}


@dataclass
class AXElement:
    id: str
    role: str
    name: Optional[str] = None
    value: Optional[str] = None
    text: Optional[str] = None
    enabled: bool = True
    actions: list = field(default_factory=list)
    ref: object = field(default=None, repr=False)


_DYNAMIC_TEXT_PATTERNS = [
    re.compile(r"^\d{1,2}:\d{2}(:\d{2})?(\s*[AP]M)?$"),
    re.compile(r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}"),
    re.compile(r"^\d{1,2}/\d{1,2}/\d{2,4}$"),
]


def _bundle_for_pid(pid):
    """Best-effort .app bundle path for a running pid (via its executable path)."""
    try:
        out = subprocess.run(
            ["ps", "-o", "comm=", "-p", str(int(pid))],
            capture_output=True, text=True,
        ).stdout.strip()
    except Exception:
        return ""
    marker = "/Contents/MacOS/"
    return out.split(marker)[0] if marker in out else ""


def is_electron_app(pid):
    """True if the app for `pid` is a Chromium-based app (Electron or CEF) whose web
    content AX tree stays empty unless launched with --force-renderer-accessibility.
    Detected by the presence of the Electron/CEF framework — precise, and does NOT
    false-positive on a native app that merely bundles a "* Helper.app" (XPC helper)."""
    bundle = _bundle_for_pid(pid)
    if not bundle:
        return False
    fw = bundle + "/Contents/Frameworks"
    return (os.path.isdir(fw + "/Electron Framework.framework")
            or os.path.isdir(fw + "/Chromium Embedded Framework.framework"))


def wait_for_web_ax(pid, timeout=8.0):
    """For Electron apps launched with --force-renderer-accessibility, the Chromium
    AXWebArea appears a few seconds after launch (async). Poll until it shows up so
    a read right after launch doesn't capture an empty window. Fast no-op for
    non-Electron apps (native/Gecko already expose AX). Best-effort; returns True
    when settled or when the app isn't Electron."""
    try:
        if not is_electron_app(pid):
            return True
        app = AXUIElementCreateApplication(int(pid))
    except Exception:
        return True
    try:
        AXUIElementSetMessagingTimeout(app, 5.0)
    except Exception:
        pass
    deadline = time.time() + timeout
    while time.time() < deadline:
        dq = deque([app])
        seen = 0
        while dq and seen < 8000:
            el = dq.popleft()
            seen += 1
            err, role = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(el, "AXRole", None)
            if err == 0 and str(role) == "AXWebArea":
                return True  # Chromium web content is built
            err, kids = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(el, "AXChildren", None)
            if err == 0 and kids:
                for k in kids:
                    dq.append(k)
        time.sleep(0.5)
    return True


class AXHelper:
    def __init__(self, app_name_or_pid, wait_for_ready=True, ready_timeout=10, prime=True):
        if isinstance(app_name_or_pid, int):
            self._pid = app_name_or_pid
        else:
            self._pid = self._find_pid_by_name(app_name_or_pid)
        self._app_ref = AXUIElementCreateApplication(self._pid)
        self._element_cache = {}

        # Electron apps launched with --force-renderer-accessibility build their
        # Chromium AXWebArea a few seconds after launch (async). Wait for it here so
        # the first real read sees full web content, not an empty window. Runs even
        # when wait_for_ready=False (e.g. the pytest `ax` fixture). Fast no-op for
        # non-Electron apps (native/Gecko already expose AX).
        if prime:
            wait_for_web_ax(self._pid)

        if wait_for_ready:
            self._wait_until_ready(ready_timeout)

    def _wait_until_ready(self, timeout):
        deadline = time.time() + timeout
        while time.time() < deadline:
            try:
                err, role = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(self._app_ref, "AXRole", None)
                if err == 0 and role:
                    err, children = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(
                        self._app_ref, "AXChildren", None
                    )
                    if err == 0 and children and len(children) > 0:
                        return
            except Exception:
                pass
            time.sleep(0.3)
        warnings.warn(f"AX tree for PID {self._pid} not ready after {timeout}s")

    def _find_pid_by_name(self, name):
        search_name = name[:15]
        result = subprocess.run(
            ["pgrep", "-x", search_name], capture_output=True, text=True
        )
        if result.returncode != 0:
            result = subprocess.run(
                ["pgrep", "-f", search_name], capture_output=True, text=True
            )
        if result.returncode != 0:
            raise RuntimeError(f"Process '{name}' not found")
        return int(result.stdout.strip().split("\n")[0])

    # ── Core API ──

    def find(
        self,
        role=None,
        name=None,
        name_contains=None,
        value=None,
        enabled=None,
        max_results=50,
        root_id=None,
        max_depth=None,
    ):
        root_ref = self._get_ref(root_id) if root_id else self._app_ref
        results = []

        def _recurse(ref, depth):
            if max_depth is not None and depth > max_depth:
                return
            if len(results) >= max_results:
                return
            el = self._ref_to_element(ref)
            if self._matches(el, role, name, name_contains, value, enabled):
                results.append(el)
            err, children = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(ref, "AXChildren", None)
            if err == 0 and children:
                for child in children:
                    _recurse(child, depth + 1)
                    if len(results) >= max_results:
                        return

        _recurse(root_ref, 0)
        return results

    def action(self, element_id, action_name):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id)
        if ref is None:
            return False
        try:
            err = AXUIElementPerformAction(ref, action_name)
            return err == 0
        except Exception:
            return False

    def action_checked(self, element_id, action_name):
        success = self.action(element_id, action_name)
        if not success:
            warnings.warn(f"Action '{action_name}' failed on {element_id}")
        return success

    def click_element_cg(self, element_id):
        """Simulate a real mouse click at the element's screen position using CGEvent.

        Use this when AXPress doesn't work — e.g. menu bar apps that use
        NSEvent.addLocalMonitorForEvents instead of button target-action.
        """
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id)
        if ref is None:
            return False
        center = self._get_element_center(ref)
        if center is None:
            return False
        point = Quartz.CGPointMake(center[0], center[1])
        event_down = Quartz.CGEventCreateMouseEvent(
            None, Quartz.kCGEventLeftMouseDown, point, Quartz.kCGMouseButtonLeft
        )
        Quartz.CGEventPost(Quartz.kCGHIDEventTap, event_down)
        time.sleep(0.05)
        event_up = Quartz.CGEventCreateMouseEvent(
            None, Quartz.kCGEventLeftMouseUp, point, Quartz.kCGMouseButtonLeft
        )
        Quartz.CGEventPost(Quartz.kCGHIDEventTap, event_up)
        return True

    def get(self, element_id, attributes):
        # element_id=None 表示 APPLICATION 元素,与 find(root_id=None)/attribute_names(None) 一致。
        # 否则 ax.get(None, ["AXTitle"]) 走不进元素缓存、返回 {},读 app 自身标题的 test 拿到 None。
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id) if element_id else self._app_ref
        if ref is None:
            return {}
        result = {}
        for attr in attributes:
            try:
                err, val = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(ref, attr, None)
                if err == 0:
                    result[attr] = self._serialize_value(val)
                else:
                    result[attr] = None
            except Exception:
                result[attr] = None
        return result

    def activate(self):
        """把本 helper 绑定的 app 提到前台,返回是否成功。

        有些 toolkit 只在进程被 ACTIVATED 时才装原生菜单栏:olive(Qt)启动后 90s 仍只有
        ['Apple','Olive'];zotero(Gecko/XUL)一直只有 ['Apple','Zotero','File','Window'],
        且搜索框会吞掉合成键。一次激活即补齐。用 AX API 设 AXFrontmost 会返回成功但无效,
        所以走 NSRunningApplication。
        """
        try:
            from AppKit import NSRunningApplication
        except Exception:
            return False
        try:
            app = NSRunningApplication.runningApplicationWithProcessIdentifier_(int(self._pid))
            if app is None:
                return False
            return bool(app.activateWithOptions_(1 << 1))  # IgnoringOtherApps
        except Exception:
            return False

    def set_value(self, element_id, value):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id)
        if ref is None:
            return False
        try:
            err = AXUIElementSetAttributeValue(ref, "AXValue", value)
            return err == 0
        except Exception:
            return False

    # ── Attribute Introspection ──

    def attribute_names(self, element_id=None):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id) if element_id else self._app_ref
        if ref is None:
            return []
        try:
            err, names = AXUIElementCopyAttributeNames(ref, None)
            if err == 0 and names:
                return list(names)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return []

    def is_attribute_settable(self, element_id, attribute):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id)
        if ref is None:
            return False
        try:
            err, settable = AXUIElementIsAttributeSettable(ref, attribute, None)
            return err == 0 and bool(settable)
        except Exception:
            return False

    def attribute_value_count(self, element_id, attribute):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id)
        if ref is None:
            return 0
        try:
            err, count = AXUIElementGetAttributeValueCount(ref, attribute, None)
            return count if err == 0 else 0
        except Exception:
            return 0

    def attribute_values_range(self, element_id, attribute, index, count):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id)
        if ref is None:
            return []
        try:
            err, values = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValues(ref, attribute, index, count, None)
            if err == 0 and values:
                return [self._serialize_value(v) for v in values]
        except Exception:
            pass
        return []

    def get_multiple(self, element_id, attributes):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id)
        if ref is None:
            return {}
        try:
            err, values, errors = AXUIElementCopyMultipleAttributeValues(
                ref, attributes, 0, None, None
            )
            if err == 0 and values:
                result = {}
                for i, attr in enumerate(attributes):
                    if i < len(values):
                        result[attr] = self._serialize_value(values[i])
                    else:
                        result[attr] = None
                return result
        except Exception:
            pass
        return self.get(element_id, attributes)

    # ── Parameterized Attributes ──

    def parameterized_attribute_names(self, element_id=None):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id) if element_id else self._app_ref
        if ref is None:
            return []
        try:
            err, names = AXUIElementCopyParameterizedAttributeNames(ref, None)
            if err == 0 and names:
                return list(names)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return []

    def parameterized_attribute_value(self, element_id, attribute, parameter):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id)
        if ref is None:
            return None
        try:
            err, value = AXUIElementCopyParameterizedAttributeValue(
                ref, attribute, parameter, None
            )
            if err == 0:
                return self._serialize_value(value)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return None

    # ── Action Introspection ──

    def action_description(self, element_id, action_name):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id)
        if ref is None:
            return ""
        try:
            err, desc = AXUIElementCopyActionDescription(ref, action_name, None)
            if err == 0 and desc:
                return str(desc)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return ""

    # ── Position / PID / Timeout ──

    def element_at_position(self, x, y):
        try:
            sys_ref = AXUIElementCreateSystemWide()
            err, el_ref = AXUIElementCopyElementAtPosition(sys_ref, float(x), float(y), None)
            if err == 0 and el_ref:
                element = self._ref_to_element(el_ref)
                return element
        except Exception:
            pass
        return None

    def get_pid(self, element_id=None):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id) if element_id else self._app_ref
        if ref is None:
            return -1
        try:
            err, pid = AXUIElementGetPid(ref, None)
            return pid if err == 0 else -1
        except Exception:
            return -1

    def set_messaging_timeout(self, element_id, timeout_seconds):
        ref = self._get_ref(element_id) if element_id else self._app_ref
        if ref is None:
            return False
        try:
            err = AXUIElementSetMessagingTimeout(ref, float(timeout_seconds))
            return err == 0
        except Exception:
            return False

    @staticmethod
    def create_system_wide():
        return AXUIElementCreateSystemWide()

    def tree(self, max_depth=5, root_id=None):
        root_ref = self._get_ref(root_id) if root_id else self._app_ref

        def _build(ref, depth):
            el = self._ref_to_element(ref)
            node = {
                "role": el.role,
                "name": el.name,
                "id": el.id,
                "actions": el.actions,
            }
            if el.value:
                node["value"] = str(el.value)[:100]
            if depth < max_depth:
                err, children = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(ref, "AXChildren", None)
                if err == 0 and children:
                    node["children"] = [_build(c, depth + 1) for c in children]
            return node

        return _build(root_ref, 0)

    def list_apps(self):
        from AppKit import NSWorkspace

        apps = NSWorkspace.sharedWorkspace().runningApplications()
        return [
            {
                "name": app.localizedName(),
                "pid": app.processIdentifier(),
                "bundle_id": app.bundleIdentifier() or "",
                "type": "regular"
                if app.activationPolicy() == 0
                else "accessory",
            }
            for app in apps
            if app.activationPolicy() in (0, 1)
        ]

    # ── Capability-based Search ──

    def find_clickable(self, root_id=None, max_results=50):
        all_elements = self._walk_tree(root_id, max_results * 3)
        clickable = []
        for el in all_elements:
            if "AXPress" in el.actions or "AXConfirm" in el.actions:
                subrole = self._get_attr(el.ref, "AXSubrole", "")
                if subrole in (
                    "AXCloseButton",
                    "AXMinimizeButton",
                    "AXZoomButton",
                    "AXFullScreenButton",
                ):
                    continue
                clickable.append(el)
                if len(clickable) >= max_results:
                    break
        return clickable

    def find_text_elements(self, root_id=None, max_results=100):
        all_elements = self._walk_tree(root_id, max_results * 3)
        text_elements = []
        for el in all_elements:
            text = (
                self._get_attr(el.ref, "AXValue", "")
                or self._get_attr(el.ref, "AXTitle", "")
                or self._get_attr(el.ref, "AXDescription", "")
                or el.name
                or ""
            )
            if isinstance(text, str) and text.strip():
                el.text = text.strip()
                text_elements.append(el)
                if len(text_elements) >= max_results:
                    break
        return text_elements

    def find_value_settable(self, root_id=None, max_results=20):
        all_elements = self._walk_tree(root_id, max_results * 3)
        settable = []
        for el in all_elements:
            try:
                err, is_settable = AXUIElementIsAttributeSettable(
                    el.ref, "AXValue", None
                )
                if err == 0 and is_settable:
                    settable.append(el)
                    if len(settable) >= max_results:
                        break
            except Exception:
                continue
        return settable

    def find_togglable(self, root_id=None, max_results=20):
        all_elements = self._walk_tree(root_id, max_results * 3)
        togglable = []
        for el in all_elements:
            if "AXPress" in el.actions:
                value = self._get_attr(el.ref, "AXValue", None)
                if value in (0, 1, True, False, "0", "1"):
                    togglable.append(el)
                    if len(togglable) >= max_results:
                        break
        return togglable

    # ── Text Snapshot ──

    def snapshot_all_text(self, exclude_dynamic=True):
        text_elements = self.find_text_elements(max_results=200)
        texts = []
        for el in text_elements:
            text = el.text
            if exclude_dynamic and any(
                p.match(text) for p in _DYNAMIC_TEXT_PATTERNS
            ):
                continue
            texts.append(text)
        return Counter(texts)

    def wait_for_text_change(self, original_text, timeout=3.0):
        deadline = time.time() + timeout
        while time.time() < deadline:
            current = self.snapshot_all_text()
            if current != original_text:
                return current
            time.sleep(0.2)
        return self.snapshot_all_text()

    def wait_for(self, role=None, name=None, timeout=5.0, max_results=1):
        deadline = time.time() + timeout
        while time.time() < deadline:
            results = self.find(role=role, name=name, max_results=max_results)
            if results:
                return results
            time.sleep(0.3)
        return []

    # ── Verifier Helpers ──

    def find_safe_buttons(self, max_results=20):
        clickable = self.find_clickable(max_results=max_results * 2)
        safe = []
        for el in clickable:
            name_lower = (el.name or "").lower()
            if any(
                kw in name_lower
                for kw in [
                    "quit", "delete", "remove", "erase",
                    "reset", "clear all", "uninstall",
                ]
            ):
                continue
            safe.append(el)
            if len(safe) >= max_results:
                break
        return safe

    def ensure_ui_visible(self):
        _CONTAINER_ROLES = ["window", "popover", "group", "sheet"]
        # Menu-item labels that reveal the main UI via a Settings/Preferences
        # window (EN + ZH). Kept deliberately narrow and high-signal: broader
        # verbs like "open"/"show" risk pressing File-menu items such as
        # "Open…" that pop a file dialog instead of revealing the main UI.
        _REVEAL_KW = ("preference", "settings", "偏好", "设置")

        def _visible():
            # max_depth=12 (was 3): status-item / menu-bar popovers sit ~7-8 levels
            # deep in the AX tree, so a depth-3 check reported "not visible" even
            # after the popover opened -> reveal loops gave up / tests saw no UI.
            for role in _CONTAINER_ROLES:
                if self.find(role=role, max_results=1, max_depth=12):
                    return True
            return False

        if _visible():
            return True
        menu_items = self.find(role="menu_bar_item", max_results=8, max_depth=3)
        for item in menu_items:
            self.action(item.id, "AXPress")
            time.sleep(0.5)
            if _visible():
                return True
            # Two-level reveal: pressing the status/menu-bar item may open a MENU
            # (not the window). A valid recreation can wire it as
            # icon -> menu -> "Preferences…" -> window. Click a reveal item.
            for mi in self.find(role="menu_item", max_results=40, max_depth=6):
                name = (mi.name or "").lower()
                if name and any(k in name for k in _REVEAL_KW):
                    self.action(mi.id, "AXPress")
                    time.sleep(0.5)
                    if _visible():
                        return True
            # AXPress may not work for apps using NSEvent mouse monitoring;
            # fall back to a real CGEvent click at the element's position.
            self.click_element_cg(item.id)
            time.sleep(1.0)
            if _visible():
                return True
        # Preferences hotkey (⌘,) — standard macOS "show settings" trigger.
        # Guarded so this method preserves its contract of never raising
        # (osascript can hit the subprocess timeout).
        try:
            subprocess.run(
                [
                    "osascript", "-e",
                    'tell application "System Events" to '
                    'keystroke "," using command down',
                ],
                capture_output=True,
                timeout=3,
            )
            time.sleep(0.5)
        except Exception:
            pass
        return _visible()

    def dismiss_any_dialog(self):
        for role in ["sheet", "dialog"]:
            dialogs = self.find(role=role, max_results=3, max_depth=3)
            for dlg in dialogs:
                buttons = self.find(role="button", root_id=dlg.id, max_results=10)
                for btn in buttons:
                    name_lower = (btn.name or "").lower()
                    if name_lower in (
                        "cancel", "ok", "close", "dismiss", "don't save",
                    ):
                        self.action(btn.id, "AXPress")
                        time.sleep(0.3)
                        return True
                subprocess.run(
                    [
                        "osascript", "-e",
                        'tell application "System Events" to key code 53',
                    ],
                    capture_output=True,
                    timeout=2,
                )
                time.sleep(0.3)
                return True
        return False

    def get_main_window(self):
        windows = self.find(role="window", max_results=10, max_depth=1)
        if not windows:
            return None
        if len(windows) == 1:
            return windows[0].id
        for w in windows:
            attrs = self.get(w.id, ["AXMain"])
            if attrs.get("AXMain"):
                return w.id
        best, best_area = None, 0
        for w in windows:
            attrs = self.get(w.id, ["AXSize"])
            size = attrs.get("AXSize")
            if size is not None:
                area = getattr(size, "width", 0) * getattr(size, "height", 0)
            else:
                area = 0
            if area > best_area:
                best_area = area
                best = w.id
        return best

    # ── Internal ──

    def _walk_tree(self, root_id, max_count):
        root_ref = self._get_ref(root_id) if root_id else self._app_ref
        results = []

        def _recurse(ref):
            if len(results) >= max_count:
                return
            el = self._ref_to_element(ref)
            results.append(el)
            err, children = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(ref, "AXChildren", None)
            if err == 0 and children:
                for child in children:
                    _recurse(child)
                    if len(results) >= max_count:
                        return

        _recurse(root_ref)
        return results

    def _ref_to_element(self, ref):
        el_id = str(hash(ref))
        self._element_cache[el_id] = ref

        role_raw = self._get_attr(ref, "AXRole", "")
        role = ROLE_MAP.get(
            role_raw,
            role_raw.replace("AX", "").lower() if role_raw else "unknown",
        )
        name = self._get_attr(ref, "AXTitle", "") or self._get_attr(
            ref, "AXDescription", ""
        )
        value = self._get_attr(ref, "AXValue", "")
        enabled = self._get_attr(ref, "AXEnabled", True)

        actions = []
        try:
            err, action_names = AXUIElementCopyActionNames(ref, None)
            if err == 0 and action_names:
                actions = list(action_names)
        except Exception:
            pass

        return AXElement(
            id=el_id,
            role=role,
            name=name,
            value=value,
            enabled=enabled,
            actions=actions,
            ref=ref,
        )

    def _get_ref(self, element_id):
        return self._element_cache.get(element_id)

    def _get_element_center(self, ref):
        """Return (x, y) screen coordinates of the element's center, or None."""
        pos_val = self._get_attr(ref, "AXPosition", None)
        size_val = self._get_attr(ref, "AXSize", None)
        if pos_val is None or size_val is None:
            return None
        pos_str = str(pos_val)
        size_str = str(size_val)
        pos_nums = re.findall(r"[-\d.]+", pos_str)
        size_nums = re.findall(r"[-\d.]+", size_str)
        if len(pos_nums) < 2 or len(size_nums) < 2:
            return None
        px, py = float(pos_nums[-2]), float(pos_nums[-1])
        sw, sh = float(size_nums[-2]), float(size_nums[-1])
        return (px + sw / 2, py + sh / 2)

    def _get_attr(self, ref, attr_name, default=None):
        try:
            err, val = AXUIElementCopyAttributeValue(ref, attr_name, None)
            return val if err == 0 else default
        except Exception:
            return default

    def _matches(self, el, role, name, name_contains, value, enabled):
        if role and el.role != role:
            return False
        if name and el.name != name:
            return False
        if name_contains and (not el.name or name_contains not in el.name):
            return False
        if value is not None and el.value != value:
            return False
        if enabled is not None and el.enabled != enabled:
            return False
        return True

    def _serialize_value(self, val):
        if val is None:
            return None
        if isinstance(val, (str, int, float, bool)):
            return val
        if hasattr(val, "width") and hasattr(val, "height"):
            return {"width": val.width, "height": val.height}
        if hasattr(val, "x") and hasattr(val, "y"):
            return {"x": val.x, "y": val.y}
        return str(val)


def _pid_by_name(name):
    """Resolve a pid from a process name using the same MAXCOMLEN(15)/pgrep logic
    the stage shells use."""
    s = name[:15]
    r = subprocess.run(["pgrep", "-x", s], capture_output=True, text=True)
    if r.returncode != 0:
        r = subprocess.run(["pgrep", "-f", s], capture_output=True, text=True)
    if r.returncode != 0:
        return None
    out = r.stdout.strip()
    return int(out.split("\n")[0]) if out else None