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0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Guides</span><meta content="1" itemprop="position"/></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Testing WebViews</span><meta content="2" itemprop="position"/></li></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: 20.x</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P" type="button">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h1>Testing WebViews</h1><p>In this tutorial, we'll go over how you can test a WebView in React Native applications using Detox. We will cover how to engage with web elements in both single and multi WebView scenarios, apply matchers, and execute actions.</p><p>WebViews are crucial parts in a lot of mobile applications, rendering content like web pages or PDF documents within the native environment. However, because the content inside WebViews is web content and not native, it isn't straightforward to interact with using Detox. But fear not, Detox has got you covered with its suite of Web View methods.</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewbox="0 0 14 16"><path d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span>note</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>This guide provides an overview of testing web views within React Native apps with Detox. For complete API details, refer to our <a href="/docs/api/webviews">WebView API documentation</a>.</p></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-0-setting-up-detox">Step 0: Setting Up Detox<a aria-label="Direct link to Step 0: Setting Up Detox" class="hash-link" href="#step-0-setting-up-detox" title="Direct link to Step 0: Setting Up Detox">​</a></h2><p>The first thing you'll need is to have your Detox environment properly set up. If you need a hand with that, you can follow the set-up guide <a href="/docs/introduction/environment-setup">here</a>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-1-locating-the-webview">Step 1: Locating the WebView<a aria-label="Direct link to Step 1: Locating the WebView" class="hash-link" href="#step-1-locating-the-webview" title="Direct link to Step 1: Locating the WebView">​</a></h2><p>Detox provides two approaches for locating the host web view and its inner elements, depending on the number of WebViews on the screen.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="single-webview-scenario">Single WebView Scenario<a aria-label="Direct link to Single WebView Scenario" class="hash-link" href="#single-webview-scenario" title="Direct link to Single WebView Scenario">​</a></h3><p>The case of a single WebView on the screen is the most common scenario, and it's the simplest to handle.</p><p>Detox will automatically locate the web view for you, so you don't need to do anything special to find it.
In this case, you can use the <a href="/docs/api/webviews#webelementmatcher"><code>web.element()</code></a> function with web element matchers to reference elements inside it, see <a href="#step-2-finding-inner-elements">next step</a> in this guide for further details.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="multiple-web-views-scenario">Multiple Web Views Scenario<a aria-label="Direct link to Multiple Web Views Scenario" class="hash-link" href="#multiple-web-views-scenario" title="Direct link to Multiple Web Views Scenario">​</a></h3><p>In scenarios where there are multiple WebViews displayed on the screen, you will have to identify a particular WebView first.
Use a <a href="/docs/api/matchers">native matcher</a> to do this, same as you would for native elements.</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">const</span><span class="token plain"> myWebView </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'webview_identifier'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><br/></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="clean-btn" title="Copy" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>After locating the web view, you can then use the <code>myWebView.element()</code> method with web view matchers to locate elements within it. See <a href="#step-2-finding-inner-elements">next step</a> in this guide for further details.</p><h4 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="using-atindex">Using <code>atIndex</code><a aria-label="Direct link to using-atindex" class="hash-link" href="#using-atindex" title="Direct link to using-atindex">​</a></h4><p>It is also possible to locate the web view by applying at-index to the web view matcher in case there are multiple matching web views for the same matcher.</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">const</span><span class="token plain"> myWebView </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'webview_identifier'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">atIndex</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><br/></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="clean-btn" title="Copy" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewbox="0 0 14 16"><path d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span>note</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p><code>atIndex()</code> API for WebView matching is currently supported for iOS only. Check our <a href="/docs/api/webviews#webnativematcheratindexindexelementmatcher">API documentation</a> for updates.</p></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-2-finding-inner-elements">Step 2: Finding Inner Elements<a aria-label="Direct link to Step 2: Finding Inner Elements" class="hash-link" href="#step-2-finding-inner-elements" title="Direct link to Step 2: Finding Inner Elements">​</a></h2><p>Element matchers are used to find elements within a web view. The <a href="/docs/api/webviews#matchers">Detox WebView APIs</a> provide various matchers for locating elements within a web view (e.g. <code>by.web.id(id)</code>, <code>by.web.className(className)</code>, <code>by.web.tag(tag)</code>, <code>atIndex(index)</code> etc.).</p><p>Here are examples of using some of the matchers:</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Match by ID attribute</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">const</span><span class="token plain"> elementByID </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'identifier'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Match by CSS class name attribute</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">const</span><span class="token plain"> elementByClassName </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">className</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'className'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Match by CSS selector</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">const</span><span class="token plain"> elementByCSSSelector </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">cssSelector</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'#cssSelector'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Match with index in case of multiple matching elements</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">const</span><span class="token plain"> elementAtIndex </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'identifier'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">atIndex</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><br/></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="clean-btn" title="Copy" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="bypass-cors-restrictions-ios-only">Bypass CORS Restrictions (iOS Only)<a aria-label="Direct link to Bypass CORS Restrictions (iOS Only)" class="hash-link" href="#bypass-cors-restrictions-ios-only" title="Direct link to Bypass CORS Restrictions (iOS Only)">​</a></h3><p>When testing web views, you may encounter Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) restrictions that prevent you from interacting with elements inside the web view.</p><p>At the moment, Detox is able to bypass CORS restrictions and other browser security features only on iOS, allowing you to interact with inner elements in cases of CORS restrictions (in most cases).</p><p>To bypass CORS restrictions on iOS, you can pass the <a href="/docs/api/device#12-detoxdisablewebkitsecuritydisable-webkit-security-ios-only"><code>detoxDisableWebKitSecurity</code></a> launch argument. This argument will disable the WebKit security features, allowing Detox to interact with the WebView in a "Sandbox" environment.</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> device</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">launchApp</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property">launchArgs</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">{</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token literal-property property">detoxDisableWebKitSecurity</span><span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">}</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><br/></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="clean-btn" title="Copy" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-3-perform-actions">Step 3: Perform Actions<a aria-label="Direct link to Step 3: Perform Actions" class="hash-link" href="#step-3-perform-actions" title="Direct link to Step 3: Perform Actions">​</a></h2><p>Actions allow you to interact with elements within a web view. The <a href="/docs/api/webviews#actions">Detox WebView APIs</a> provide various actions that can be invoked on inner elements.</p><p>For example, here's a simple example for filling a login form and press on login button:</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Fill username and password</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'username'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">typeText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'John Doe'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'password'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">typeText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'123456789'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Press the login button</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'login'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">tap</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="clean-btn" title="Copy" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="perform-custom-actions-runscript">Perform Custom Actions (<code>runScript</code>)<a aria-label="Direct link to perform-custom-actions-runscript" class="hash-link" href="#perform-custom-actions-runscript" title="Direct link to perform-custom-actions-runscript">​</a></h3><p>You can also execute custom JavaScript code on the web view using the <code>runScript</code> action (see <a href="/docs/api/webviews#runscriptscript-args">API docs</a>).
This is useful for scenarios where you need to interact with the web view in a way that isn't covered by the built-in actions, for fetching data, or for triggering custom events.</p><p>For example, you can use <code>runScript</code> to get the font size of a text element:</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Define the matcher for the inner text element</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">const</span><span class="token plain"> textElement </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'webview_identifier'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'text_element'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Get the font size of a text element</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">const</span><span class="token plain"> fontSize </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> textElement</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">runScript</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">function</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token parameter">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">return</span><span class="token plain"> element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">style</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">fontSize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Use jestExpect to assert the font size</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">jestExpect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">fontSize</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'16px'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><br/></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button aria-label="Toggle word wrap" class="clean-btn" title="Toggle word wrap" type="button"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="wordWrapButtonIcon_Bwma" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M4 19h6v-2H4v2zM20 5H4v2h16V5zm-3 6H4v2h13.25c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2H15v-2l-3 3l3 3v-2h2c2.21 0 4-1.79 4-4s-1.79-4-4-4z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="clean-btn" title="Copy" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewbox="0 0 14 16"><path d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></span>note</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>Using jest-expectations in Detox tests is possible by importing <code>expect</code> API from <code>jest</code> package and using it with a separate <code>jestExpect</code> variable (as shown in the example below).
This is due to the fact that Detox uses its own <code>expect</code> API, which is not compatible with jest-expectations.</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">const</span><span class="token plain"> jestExpect </span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">require</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'expect'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token keyword module" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">default</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><br/></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="clean-btn" title="Copy" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="step-4-assert-on-expected-behaviour">Step 4: Assert on Expected Behaviour<a aria-label="Direct link to Step 4: Assert on Expected Behaviour" class="hash-link" href="#step-4-assert-on-expected-behaviour" title="Direct link to Step 4: Assert on Expected Behaviour">​</a></h2><p>Expectations are assertions on the state of elements within a WebView.</p><p>For instance, to verify an element has specific text:</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">expect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'identifier'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">toHaveText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'Hello World!'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><br/></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="clean-btn" title="Copy" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>Or to assert an element does not exist:</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">expect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'invalid_identifier'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">not</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">toExist</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><br/></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" class="clean-btn" title="Copy" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true" class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewbox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="full-example">Full Example<a aria-label="Direct link to Full Example" class="hash-link" href="#full-example" title="Direct link to Full Example">​</a></h2><p>Here's a full example of a test that interacts with a WebView:</p><div class="language-javascript codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color: #F8F8F2; --prism-background-color: #282A36;"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre class="prism-code language-javascript codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" tabindex="0"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">it</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'should login successfully'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">async</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token arrow operator">=&gt;</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">{</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Assert the welcome message is not visible before login</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">expect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'welcome_message'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">not</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">toExist</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Fill username and password</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'username'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">typeText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'John Doe'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'password'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">typeText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'123456789'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Press the login button</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'login'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">tap</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain" style="display: inline-block;"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token comment" style="color: rgb(98, 114, 164);">// Assert the login was successful</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword control-flow" style="color: rgb(189, 147, 249); font-style: italic;">await</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">expect</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">element</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token plain">by</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token property-access">web</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">id</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'welcome_message'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">.</span><span class="token method function property-access" style="color: rgb(80, 250, 123);">toHaveText</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">(</span><span class="token string" style="color: rgb(255, 121, 198);">'Welcome, John Doe!'</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><span class="token plain"></span><br/></span><span class="token-line" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">}</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">)</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color: rgb(248, 248, 242);">;</span><br/></span></code></pre><div 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