Datasets:
Add newly completed evaluation runs
Browse files- README.md +42 -16
- data/gumbelmax/documents.parquet +3 -0
- data/kgw/documents.parquet +3 -0
- data/kgw_delta1.0/benchmarks.parquet +3 -0
- data/none/documents.parquet +3 -0
- data/sweet/documents.parquet +3 -0
- data/synthid/documents.parquet +3 -0
- data/textseal/documents.parquet +3 -0
- data/thicket/documents.parquet +3 -0
- data/unigram/documents.parquet +3 -0
README.md
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---
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pretty_name: LLM Watermark Evaluation — Inputs and Generations (Qwen3.5-9B)
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license: cc-by-4.0
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language: [en, ar, zh, hi, ja]
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task_categories: [text-generation]
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tags: [watermarking, llm-watermarking, ai-generated-text, text-detection, robustness]
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path: data/none/benchmarks.parquet
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- split: sweet
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path: data/sweet/benchmarks.parquet
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---
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# LLM Watermark Evaluation — Inputs and Generations (Qwen3.5-9B)
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One split per watermark scheme in each of the configs below; the counts are rows.
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| scheme (split) | scheme and settings | main | dilution_answers | multilingual | benchmarks |
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| `thicket` | Thicket (ours): keyed token-pair circle tilt with a likelihood price; κ = 6, price γ = 2 in answers (4 / 1 inside the reasoning delimiter), top-128 candidate shortlist, 256-label circle, first token and every 512-token restart neutral | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 |
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| 113 |
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| `textseal` | TextSeal (official code), mixing α = 0.1 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 |
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| `gumbelmax` | Gumbel-max / Aaronson (TextSeal-repo implementation) | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 |
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| `synthid` | SynthID-Text, weighted tournament, depth 10 (TextSeal-repo implementation) | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 |
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| `kgw` | KGW (Kirchenbauer et al. 2023): γ = 0.25, δ = 2.0, context width 1 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 |
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| `unigram` | Unigram (Zhao et al. 2024): fixed green list, γ = 0.25, δ = 2.0 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 |
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| `none` | No watermark (plain sampling; the unwatermarked reference) | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 |
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| `sweet` | SWEET (Lee et al. 2024): entropy-gated KGW, γ = 0.25, δ = 2.0, entropy threshold 1.2 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 |
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| `kgw_delta1.0` | KGW, γ = 0.25, δ = 1.0 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | – |
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Each scheme used one fixed key; the keys are released in [`keys.json`](keys.json) and explained in [`KEYS.md`](KEYS.md), so the detection results can be reproduced with the project's code.
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| split | inputs | outputs | sampling |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| `main` | 1,000 English questions (ELI5, test split) | 5 independent answers per question (`sample` 0–4), at most 400 tokens | temperature 0.8, top-p 0.9; thinking disabled |
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| `dilution_answers` | the first 200 of those questions | 1 answer each; the evaluation embeds these answers into 2k–12k-token Wikipedia documents to test detection inside longer text | temperature 1.0, top-p 0.95 |
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| `multilingual` | 100 questions in each of English, Arabic, Chinese, Hindi, Japanese | 1 answer each, with its reasoning trace (`reasoning`) and final answer (`answer`); the watermark covers both | temperature 0.7, top-p 0.95; at most 2,000 reasoning tokens, 4,096 tokens in total |
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| `benchmarks` | 300 questions from GSM8K, MATH-500, AIME, MMLU, ARC-Easy, ARC-Challenge, HellaSwag, WinoGrande, HumanEval and MBPP (30 each), with their reference answers | 1 answer each (reasoning trace and final answer), used to measure the effect of each watermark on task accuracy | temperature 0.6, top-p 0.95; at most 3,000 reasoning tokens, 4,096 tokens in total |
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## Fields
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| field | meaning |
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|---|---|
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| `method` | watermark scheme (the config name) |
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| `model` | the generator that produced the text |
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| `sample` | sample index 0–4 (the five samples use different sampling seeds) |
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| `prompt_index` | position of the question in the evaluation's list |
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| `prompt_id` | identifier of the question in its source dataset |
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| `question` | the question as written in the source dataset |
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| `prompt` | the exact string given to the model: the question inside the generator's chat template |
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| `language` | multilingual splits only |
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| `benchmark`, `kind`, `reference_answer` | `benchmarks` only: source benchmark, answer type and gold answer |
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| `text` | the generated text |
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| `reasoning`, `answer` | multilingual splits and `benchmarks`: `text` split at its first `</think>` (the answer stripped of surrounding whitespace); empty `reasoning` when the generator has no thinking mode |
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| `n_tokens` | length of `text` in tokens of the generator's tokenizer |
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## Generation
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model's terms:
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- `Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B`: subject to the Qwen3.5 model license (see the model card).
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Inputs keep the licenses of their sources: ELI5 (Reddit questions, as distributed in the `Pavithree/eli5` Hugging
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Face dataset; also the English multilingual questions), the multilingual question pool (`shanearora/CaLMQA`, CC BY 4.0),
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GSM8K (MIT), MATH-500 (MIT), AIME (public competition problems), MMLU (MIT), ARC (CC BY-SA 4.0), HellaSwag (MIT),
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---
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pretty_name: LLM Watermark Evaluation — Inputs and Generations (Qwen3.5-9B)
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license: [cc-by-4.0, cc-by-sa-4.0]
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language: [en, ar, zh, hi, ja]
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task_categories: [text-generation]
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tags: [watermarking, llm-watermarking, ai-generated-text, text-detection, robustness]
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path: data/none/benchmarks.parquet
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- split: sweet
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path: data/sweet/benchmarks.parquet
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- split: kgw_delta1.0
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path: data/kgw_delta1.0/benchmarks.parquet
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- config_name: documents
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data_files:
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- split: thicket
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path: data/thicket/documents.parquet
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- split: textseal
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path: data/textseal/documents.parquet
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- split: gumbelmax
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path: data/gumbelmax/documents.parquet
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- split: synthid
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path: data/synthid/documents.parquet
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- split: kgw
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path: data/kgw/documents.parquet
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- split: unigram
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path: data/unigram/documents.parquet
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- split: none
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path: data/none/documents.parquet
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- split: sweet
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path: data/sweet/documents.parquet
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---
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# LLM Watermark Evaluation — Inputs and Generations (Qwen3.5-9B)
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One split per watermark scheme in each of the configs below; the counts are rows.
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| scheme (split) | scheme and settings | main | dilution_answers | multilingual | benchmarks | documents |
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| 131 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| `thicket` | Thicket (ours): keyed token-pair circle tilt with a likelihood price; κ = 6, price γ = 2 in answers (4 / 1 inside the reasoning delimiter), top-128 candidate shortlist, 256-label circle, first token and every 512-token restart neutral | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 | 1,400 |
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| `textseal` | TextSeal (official code), mixing α = 0.1 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 | 1,400 |
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| `gumbelmax` | Gumbel-max / Aaronson (TextSeal-repo implementation) | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 | 1,400 |
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| `synthid` | SynthID-Text, weighted tournament, depth 10 (TextSeal-repo implementation) | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 | 1,400 |
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| `kgw` | KGW (Kirchenbauer et al. 2023): γ = 0.25, δ = 2.0, context width 1 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 | 1,400 |
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| `unigram` | Unigram (Zhao et al. 2024): fixed green list, γ = 0.25, δ = 2.0 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 | 1,400 |
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| `none` | No watermark (plain sampling; the unwatermarked reference) | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 | 1,400 |
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| `sweet` | SWEET (Lee et al. 2024): entropy-gated KGW, γ = 0.25, δ = 2.0, entropy threshold 1.2 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 | 1,400 |
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| `kgw_delta1.0` | KGW, γ = 0.25, δ = 1.0 | 5,000 | 200 | 500 | 300 | – |
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Each scheme used one fixed key; the keys are released in [`keys.json`](keys.json) and explained in [`KEYS.md`](KEYS.md), so the detection results can be reproduced with the project's code.
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| split | inputs | outputs | sampling |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| `main` | 1,000 English questions (ELI5, test split) | 5 independent answers per question (`sample` 0–4), at most 400 tokens | temperature 0.8, top-p 0.9; thinking disabled |
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| `dilution_answers` | the first 200 of those questions | 1 answer each; the evaluation embeds these answers into 2k–12k-token Wikipedia documents to test detection inside longer text (see `documents`) | temperature 1.0, top-p 0.95 |
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| `multilingual` | 100 questions in each of English, Arabic, Chinese, Hindi, Japanese | 1 answer each, with its reasoning trace (`reasoning`) and final answer (`answer`); the watermark covers both | temperature 0.7, top-p 0.95; at most 2,000 reasoning tokens, 4,096 tokens in total |
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| `benchmarks` | 300 questions from GSM8K, MATH-500, AIME, MMLU, ARC-Easy, ARC-Challenge, HellaSwag, WinoGrande, HumanEval and MBPP (30 each), with their reference answers | 1 answer each (reasoning trace and final answer), used to measure the effect of each watermark on task accuracy | temperature 0.6, top-p 0.95; at most 3,000 reasoning tokens, 4,096 tokens in total |
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| `documents` | the 200 `dilution_answers` texts and unwatermarked English Wikipedia host documents | 1,400 documents: each answer embedded whole in a 2k, 4k, 8k or 12k-token document (`dilute_*`) or cut into k = 2, 3 or 5 pieces scattered over an 8k-token document (`fragment_8k_k*`); `true_spans` marks the watermarked text | insertion points drawn with a fixed seed; lengths in generator tokens |
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## Fields
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| field | meaning |
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|---|---|
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| `method` | watermark scheme (the config name) |
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| `model` | the generator that produced the text (in `documents`: the generator of the source answer) |
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| `sample` | sample index 0–4 (the five samples use different sampling seeds) |
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| `prompt_index` | position of the question in the evaluation's list (in `documents`: of the embedded answer, which `dilution_answers` holds under the same `prompt_id`) |
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| `prompt_id` | identifier of the question in its source dataset |
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| `question` | the question as written in the source dataset |
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| `prompt` | the exact string given to the model: the question inside the generator's chat template |
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| `language` | multilingual splits only |
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| `benchmark`, `kind`, `reference_answer` | `benchmarks` only: source benchmark, answer type and gold answer |
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| `text` | the generated text; in `documents` the whole document |
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| `reasoning`, `answer` | multilingual splits and `benchmarks`: `text` split at its first `</think>` (the answer stripped of surrounding whitespace); empty `reasoning` when the generator has no thinking mode |
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| `condition`, `length`, `k` | documents only: dilution / fragmentation condition, target document length in generator tokens, number of watermarked pieces |
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| `host_id` | documents only: the Wikipedia host document (consecutive English Wikipedia articles concatenated to the target length) |
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| `true_spans` | documents only: character offsets (`start`, `end`, Python string indices) of the watermarked pieces in `text` |
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| `n_tokens` | length of `text` in tokens of the generator's tokenizer |
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## Generation
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model's terms:
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- `Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B`: subject to the Qwen3.5 model license (see the model card).
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**`documents` / `c4_documents`: CC BY-SA 4.0.** These splits contain text from English Wikipedia (`wikimedia/wikipedia`, dump 20231101.en; © Wikipedia contributors, https://en.wikipedia.org), redistributed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/); the generated passages they embed are marked by `true_spans`. All other splits: CC BY 4.0.
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Inputs keep the licenses of their sources: ELI5 (Reddit questions, as distributed in the `Pavithree/eli5` Hugging
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Face dataset; also the English multilingual questions), the multilingual question pool (`shanearora/CaLMQA`, CC BY 4.0),
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GSM8K (MIT), MATH-500 (MIT), AIME (public competition problems), MMLU (MIT), ARC (CC BY-SA 4.0), HellaSwag (MIT),
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data/gumbelmax/documents.parquet
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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size 16834430
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data/kgw/documents.parquet
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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size 16850516
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data/kgw_delta1.0/benchmarks.parquet
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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size 1368372
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data/none/documents.parquet
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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size 16843246
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data/sweet/documents.parquet
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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oid sha256:d878dc6037031f66c89d1b83149f2cf4f48aa474f5037040ca5e43f87050a16f
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size 16842129
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data/synthid/documents.parquet
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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size 16842142
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data/textseal/documents.parquet
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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size 16846606
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data/thicket/documents.parquet
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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size 16836284
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data/unigram/documents.parquet
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version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
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