| {"id": 31, "assessment_program": "georgia_milestones_eoc", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": null, "question": "Which point is NOT on a circle with a center of \\((0, 0)\\) and a radius of 10?", "options": {"A": "(0, 5)", "B": "(10, 0)", "C": "(0, -10)", "D": "(-8, 6)"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 32, "assessment_program": "georgia_milestones_eoc", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": null, "question": "Which expression is equivalent to \\(-4\\sqrt{28x}\\cdot\\sqrt{7x^3}\\)?", "options": {"A": "\\(-56x^2\\)", "B": "\\(4x^2\\sqrt{7}\\)", "C": "\\(-4x\\sqrt{196}\\)", "D": "\\(-28x\\)"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 64, "assessment_program": "georgia_milestones_eoc", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Which equation shows \\(6(x + 4) = 2(y + 5)\\) solved for \\(y\\)?", "options": {"A": "\\(y = x + 3\\)", "B": "\\(y = x + 5\\)", "C": "\\(y = 3x + 7\\)", "D": "\\(y = 3x + 17\\)"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 65, "assessment_program": "georgia_milestones_eoc", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "This equation can be used to find \\(h\\), the number of hours it will take Flo and Bryan to mow their lawn: \\(\\frac{h}{3} + \\frac{h}{6} = 1\\).", "question": "How many hours will it take them to mow their lawn?", "options": {"A": "6", "B": "3", "C": "2", "D": "1"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 113, "assessment_program": "mcap", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "An expression is given.\n$$9(3)^{(2x+1)}$$", "question": "Which expression is equivalent to the given expression?", "options": {"A": "$(3)^{(4x+2)}$", "B": "$(3)^{(4x+1)}$", "C": "$(3)^{(2x+3)}$", "D": "$(3)^{(2x+2)}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 114, "assessment_program": "mcap", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "An object is dropped off the roof of a building. The function $h(x) = -16x^2 + 64$ models the height, $h(x)$, in feet, of the object above the ground $x$ seconds after it is dropped.", "question": "What is the **best** description of the meaning of $h(2) = 0$ in terms of the context?", "options": {"A": "The object is dropped from an initial height of 2 feet.", "B": "The object hits the ground 2 seconds after it is dropped.", "C": "The object travels at a speed of 2 feet per second after it is dropped.", "D": "The speed of the object increases at a rate of 2 feet per second each second after it is dropped."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 115, "assessment_program": "mcap", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "A grain silo is in the shape of a cylinder with a top shaped like a hemisphere. The formula shown represents $V$, the volume, in cubic units, of a silo with a base radius of $r$ units and a total height of $h$ units.\n$$V = \\pi r^2 \\left( h - \\frac{1}{3} r \\right)$$", "question": "Which formula can be used to determine $h$ in terms of $r$ and $V$?", "options": {"A": "$h = \\frac{V}{\\pi r^2} + \\frac{1}{3}r$", "B": "$h = \\frac{V}{\\pi r^2} - \\frac{1}{3}r$", "C": "$h = \\pi r^2 V + \\frac{1}{3}r$", "D": "$h = \\pi r^2 V - \\frac{1}{3}r$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 156, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Genetics", "context": null, "question": "A human gamete typically contains 23 chromosomes. Two human gametes combine to produce a zygote.\n\nWhich of the following is the **best** evidence that an error occurred during the formation of one of these gametes?", "options": {"A": "The zygote has two copies of chromosome 21.", "B": "The zygote has three copies of chromosome 21.", "C": "The zygote has 23 chromosomes from each gamete.", "D": "The zygote has some of the same chromosomes as the gametes."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 157, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Genetics", "context": "The flamingo is a type of bird. Young flamingos have white and gray feathers. By the time they are 3- 6 years years old, their feathers have become pink. The pink color is caused by the flamingo's diet. Flamingos eat shrimp, which have red and orange pigments. When a flamingo stops eating shrimp, its feathers lose their pink color over time.", "question": "Which of the following best describes the cause of feather color in flamingos at different ages?", "options": {"A": "Pink feather color in adult flamingos and white and gray feathers in young flamingos are both most directly caused by genetic factors.", "B": "Pink feather color in adult flamingos and white and gray feathers in young flamingos are both most directly caused by environmental factors.", "C": "Pink feather color in adult flamingos is most directly caused by genetic factors, and white and gray feathers in young flamingos are most directly caused by environmental factors.", "D": "Pink feather color in adult flamingos is most directly caused by environmental factors, and white and gray feathers in young flamingos are most directly caused by genetic factors."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 158, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Genetics", "context": "The flamingo is a type of bird. Young flamingos have white and gray feathers. By the time they are 3- 6 years years old, their feathers have become pink. The pink color is caused by the flamingo's diet. Flamingos eat shrimp, which have red and orange pigments. When a flamingo stops eating shrimp, its feathers lose their pink color over time.", "question": "The pink color of flamingo feathers demonstrates that the phenotype for feather color\n\n\\(①\\) changes. \\(②\\) stays the same. \nHowever, the genotype for feather color\n\n\\(①\\) changes. \\(②\\) stays the same.", "options": {"A": "changes.\n\nstays the same.", "B": "stays the same.\n\nchanges.", "C": "changes.\n\nchanges.", "D": "stays the same.\n\nstays the same."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 159, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": null, "question": "As an ant population moves across the forest floor, flying insects move away. Some birds follow the ants, catching and eating the flying insects.\n\nWhich of the following **best** explains the relationship between the birds and the ants?", "options": {"A": "It is commensal because it benefits the birds and has no effect on the ants.", "B": "It is commensal because it benefits the ants and has no effect on the birds.", "C": "It is parasitic because it benefits the birds and has a negative effect on the ants.", "D": "It is parasitic because it benefits the ants and has a negative effect on the birds."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 160, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": "For the human body to function normally, blood pH must be maintained between 7.35 and 7.45. When carbon dioxide levels in the blood rise, the pH of the blood decreases. The body then reacts to restore normal blood pH.\n\nA feedback loop that maintains blood pH is activated when a person exercises. Which of the following shows how this feedback loop works to maintain blood pH?", "question": "Which of the following shows how this feedback loop works to maintain blood pH?", "options": {"A": "1. Person starts running.\n2. Brain cells detect decreasing blood pH.\n3. Blood pH decreases.\n4. Brain sends messages to the muscles that control breathing.\n5. Muscle cells release more carbon dioxide into the blood.\n6. Breathing rate increases, more carbon dioxide is exhaled, and blood pH increases.", "B": "1. Person starts running.\n2. Muscle cells release more carbon dioxide into the blood.\n3. Blood pH decreases.\n4. Brain cells detect decreasing blood pH.\n5. Brain sends messages to the muscles that control breathing.\n6. Breathing rate increases, more carbon dioxide is exhaled, and blood pH increases.", "C": "1. Person starts running.\n2. Brain sends messages to the muscles that control breathing.\n3. Blood pH decreases.\n4. Brain cells detect decreasing blood pH.\n5. Muscle cells release more carbon dioxide into the blood.\n6. Breathing rate increases, more carbon dioxide is exhaled, and blood pH increases.", "D": "1. Person starts running.\n2. Muscle cells release more carbon dioxide into the blood.\n3. Blood pH decreases.\n4. Brain sends messages to the muscles that control breathing.\n5. Brain cells detect decreasing blood pH.\n6. Breathing rate increases, more carbon dioxide is exhaled, and blood pH increases."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 161, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": "Scientists think that fur color in mice evolved through natural selection. Which of the following would have been necessary for natural selection to occur?", "question": "Which of the following would have been necessary for natural selection to occur?", "options": {"A": "variation in the alleles for fur color in mice", "B": "migration of mice with different fur colors", "C": "identical genetic sequences in mice", "D": "small populations of mice"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 168, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": "Emperor penguins can dive underwater for over 20 minutes. While underwater, the penguins use oxygen that is stored in their bodies.", "question": "Which of the following **best** describes the importance of oxygen in the penguins' body systems?", "options": {"A": "Oxygen allows the lungs to grow underwater.", "B": "Oxygen diffuses from the muscles to other body parts.", "C": "Oxygen is converted into other gases in the bloodstream.", "D": "Oxygen is used to produce energy for muscle movement."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 242, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Number and Quantity", "context": "Two numbers are represented by variables.\n\nThe variable $x$ represents a non- zero rational number. The variable $y$ represents an irrational number.", "question": "Which of the following expressions has a value that is rational?", "options": {"A": "$x^{2}$", "B": "xy", "C": "$2xy$", "D": "$2x + y$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 243, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Which of the following equations represents a line that has a positive slope and a negative $y$ - intercept?", "options": {"A": "$3x + y = - 6$", "B": "$3x + y = 6$", "C": "$- 3x + y = - 6$", "D": "$- 3x + y = 6$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 244, "assessment_program": "mcas", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "Consider this system of linear equations.\n\n$$3x + 2y = 8$$\n\n$$2x + y = 5$$", "question": "Which of the following systems of equations has the same solution as the given system of equations?", "options": {"A": "$3x + 2y = 8$ $x = 2$", "B": "$3x + 2y = 8$ $x = 18$", "C": "$3x + 2y = 8$ $x = - 2$", "D": "$3x + 2y = 8$ $x = - 18$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 367, "assessment_program": "missouri_eoc", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "history", "domain": "us history", "context": "Read the excerpt from Booker T. Washington's speech in September 1895 before the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta.\n\n\"A ship lost at sea for many days suddenly sighted a friendly vessel. From the mast of the unfortunate vessel was seen a signal, 'Water, water; we die of thirst!' The answer from the friendly vessel at once came back, 'Cast down your bucket where you are.' . . . The captain of the distressed vessel, at last heeding the injunction, cast down his bucket, and it came up full of fresh, sparkling water from the mouth of the Amazon River.\n\nTo those of my race who depend on bettering their condition in a foreign land or who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I would say: 'Cast down your bucket where you are'—cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom you are surrounded.\"\n\n—Booker T. Washington", "question": "In the excerpt, how does Washington suggest that racial equality should be achieved?", "options": {"A": "by maintaining policies of segregation", "B": "by focusing on the actions of individuals", "C": "by using available resources for improvement", "D": "by seeking better job opportunities in the North"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 368, "assessment_program": "missouri_eoc", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "history", "domain": "us history", "context": "Read the excerpt.\n\nIn bestowing charity, the main consideration should be to help those who will help themselves; to provide part of the means by which those who desire to improve may do so; to give those who desire to use the aids by which they may rise; to assist, but rarely or never to do all.\"\n\n—Andrew Carnegie, “Wealth,” 1889", "question": "A person defending Carnegie's position in the excerpt would most likely advocate for which of the following?", "options": {"A": "limits on wealth", "B": "graduated income tax", "C": "regulation of business", "D": "laissez-faire economics"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 369, "assessment_program": "missouri_eoc", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "history", "domain": "us history", "context": null, "question": "Which action was a direct result of the temperance movement of the early twentieth century?", "options": {"A": "the stock market crash of 1929", "B": "the prohibition of alcohol by the Eighteenth Amendment", "C": "the America First Committee's opposition to World War II", "D": "the passage of women's suffrage in the Nineteenth Amendment"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 434, "assessment_program": "new_york_regents", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "redox", "context": "The use of elemental sulfur can result in over-acidifying the soil. Using ammonium fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate $((\\text{NH}_4)_2\\text{SO}_4)$ as an alternative reduces this risk. The equations below demonstrate two ways in which ammonium ions contribute to soil acidification.\n\n**Equation 2:** $\\text{NH}_4^+(aq) + \\text{H}_2\\text{O}(\\ell) \\rightleftharpoons \\text{NH}_3(aq) + \\text{H}_3\\text{O}^+(aq)$\n\n**Equation 3:** $\\text{NH}_4^+(aq) + 2\\text{O}_2(g) \\rightarrow \\text{NO}_3^-(aq) + \\text{H}_2\\text{O}(\\ell) + 2\\text{H}^+(aq)$", "question": "How many grams of nitrogen are added to the soil when 100. grams of the substance that acidifies soil with reduced risk is applied?", "options": {"A": "10.6 g", "B": "12.3 g", "C": "21.2 g", "D": "24.6 g"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 452, "assessment_program": "north_carolina_eoc", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": null, "question": "How would a longer snow season most likely affect the populations of red and white foxes living in the same forest ecosystem?", "options": {"A": "Red foxes would have a greater advantage, so their population size would increase, while the white fox population size would decrease.", "B": "White foxes would have a greater advantage, so their population size would increase, while the red fox population size would decrease.", "C": "White foxes would have a lesser advantage, so their population size would increase, while the red fox population size would remain the same.", "D": "Red foxes would have a lesser advantage, so their population size would increase, while the white fox population size would remain the same."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 453, "assessment_program": "north_carolina_eoc", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": null, "question": "How might mutations contribute to natural selection?", "options": {"A": "They occur after a natural disaster has changed a population's environment.", "B": "They result when organisms observe traits of other successful populations.", "C": "They occur in somatic cells and can be passed to offspring.", "D": "They add variations to the gene pool of a population."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 541, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "A teacher is buying word games and board games for his students.\n\nEach word game can be played by up to 4 students.- Each board game can be played by 2 students.- The teacher needs enough games for 30 students to play at the same time.- The maximum amount that the teacher can spend on the games is $200.\n\nThe number of word games $(x)$ and the number of board games $(y)$ the teacher buys must satisfy the system of linear inequalities below.\n\n$$4x + 2y\\geq 30$$\n$$14.5x + 18y\\leq 200$$\n\nThe teacher plans to buy 5 word games and 8 board games.", "question": "Which statement about the number of games the teacher plans to buy is true?", "options": {"A": "A. There will be enough games for 30 students to play at the same time, but the total cost will be greater than the maximum amount.", "B": "B. There will be enough games for 30 students to play at the same time, and the total cost will be less than the maximum amount.", "C": "C. There will not be enough games for 30 students to play at the same time, and the total cost will be greater than the maximum amount.", "D": "D. There will not be enough games for 30 students to play at the same time, but the total cost will be less than the maximum amount."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 542, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "The set of ordered pairs below is a relation.\n\n$$((0.5,2),(1.5,5),(4.0,12),(6.5,15))$$", "question": "Which relation has the same domain as the given relation?", "options": {"A": "A. $\\{(1,5),(2,2),(- 3,15),(- 8,12)\\}$", "B": "B. $\\{(0.5,1),(1.5,4),(4.0,11),(6.5,14)\\}$", "C": "C. $\\{(2,1,1),(5,2,2),(12,3,3),(15,4,4)\\}$", "D": "D. $\\{(1,6.5),(- 3,1.5),(- 6,4.0),(- 10,0.5)\\}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 543, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "A teacher buys some pencils.\n\n·He buys 2 pencils for each of his students.\n·He buys 10 additional pencils.\n·Each pencil costs $0.10.", "question": "Which equation describes the total amount of money (y), in dollars, that the teacher spends on pencils as a function of the number of students (x) he has?", "options": {"A": "A. $y=1.20x$", "B": "B. $y=2.00x$", "C": "C. $y=0.20x+1$", "D": "D. $y=0.10x+12$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 544, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "Bari paid a total of $62 for 3 hours of driving lessons. This included a $20 fee for the driver's manual and an hourly rate for use of the car.", "question": "What is the hourly rate Bari paid?", "options": {"A": "A. $14", "B": "B. $20", "C": "C. $21", "D": "D. $27"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 545, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Statistics and Probability", "context": "A data set shows a basketball team's final scores for one season. Some information about the scores in the data set is listed below.\n\nThe minimum value is 42. The lower quartile value is 54. The median is 60. The upper quartile value is 72. The maximum value is 90.", "question": "Of the team's final scores for the season, $75\\%$ of them are most likely between which two values?", "options": {"A": "A. 42 and 66", "B": "B. 42 and 72", "C": "C. 60 and 72", "D": "D. 72 and 90"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 581, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Wyatt incorrectly simplified the expression $\\frac{3\\sqrt{x^6y^{12}}}{\\sqrt{x^{10}y^4}}$ to $\\frac{y^4}{x^2}$. His work is shown below. What error did Wyatt make when he attempted to simplify the expression?", "options": {"A": "Going from the given expression to line 1, Wyatt divided the exponents in the numerator by 2 instead of by 3.", "B": "Going from the given expression to line 1, Wyatt divided all the exponents by 2 but should have subtracted 3 from the exponents in the numerator and subtracted 2 from the exponents in the denominator.", "C": "Going from line 2 to line 3, Wyatt subtracted the exponents when he should have added the exponents.", "D": "Going from line 2 to line 3, Wyatt put the $y$-term in the numerator when it should have been in the denominator and he put the $x$-term in the denominator when it should have been in the numerator."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 582, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "A local store sells different types of fruit drinks for $2 to $4 each. Jon buys $d$ fruit drinks and pays $36.53. Which value could be the number of fruit drinks Jon buys?", "options": {"A": "6", "B": "9", "C": "12", "D": "19"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 583, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "A polynomial expression is shown. $(7x^{2}y - 5x + 8y^{2}) - (3x^{2}y + 2x - 6y^{2})$. Which expression is equivalent to the polynomial expression?", "options": {"A": "$4x^{2}y - 3x + 2y^{2}$", "B": "$4x^{2}y - 7x + 14y^{2}$", "C": "$10x^{2}y - 7x + 14y^{2}$", "D": "$10x^{2}y - 3x + 2y^{2}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 584, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Kaden wants to have exactly $600 in his bank account by the end of the next 12 months. His bank account currently has $84 in it. The bank account does not earn interest. He decides to deposit the same amount each month for the next 12 months. Which equation can be used to find the amount of money (x), in dollars, he must deposit each month to reach his goal?", "options": {"A": "$12x + 84 = 600$", "B": "$12x - 84 = 600$", "C": "$12x + 84 = 684$", "D": "$12x - 84 = 684$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 585, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Franklin is solving an equation. His first step is shown below. $4x + 7 - 3x + 10 = 12$ $4x - 3x + 7 + 10 = 12$. Which property justifies Franklin's first step?", "options": {"A": "additive property of equality", "B": "associative property of addition", "C": "commutative property of addition", "D": "identity property of addition"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 586, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Fernando works at a clothing store. Each week, he earns $120 plus a 25% commission on any clothing he sells. The equation shown below can be used to determine the total amount (y), in dollars, Fernando earns in a week during which he sells x dollars' worth of clothing. $y = 0.25x + 120$. The ordered pair (225, 176.25) is a solution of the equation. What does this solution represent in the context of the situation?", "options": {"A": "In a week during which Fernando sells $176.25 worth of clothing, he earns a total of $225.", "B": "In a week during which Fernando sells $176.25 worth of clothing, he earns $225 in commission.", "C": "In a week during which Fernando sells $225 worth of clothing, he earns a total of $176.25.", "D": "In a week during which Fernando sells $225 worth of clothing, he earns $176.25 in commission."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 587, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Ingrid collects autographs. She started her collection with x autographs. Then, she doubled the number of autographs in her collection. Later, she received 3 additional autographs in the mail. She now has between 85 and 90 autographs in her collection. Which inequality can be used to determine the number of autographs with which Ingrid started her collection?", "options": {"A": "$85< x< 90$", "B": "$85< 2(x + 3)< 90$", "C": "$85< 2x + 3< 90$", "D": "$85< 3x + 2< 90$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 588, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Laura is buying bottles of water and bottles of lemonade for an event at her school. She needs to buy at least 6,400 ounces of beverages between the water and lemonade. Each bottle of water is 20 ounces, and each bottle of lemonade is 32 ounces. Laura has a budget of $600 to buy the beverages. The system of inequalities shown below represents this situation. $20x + 32y\\geq 6,400$ $1.5x + 2.5y\\leq 600$. One solution to this system of inequalities is (40, 180). What does this solution represent?", "options": {"A": "By buying 40 bottles of lemonade and 180 bottles of water, Laura will have at least 6,400 ounces of beverages and stay within her budget of $600.", "B": "By buying 40 bottles of water and 180 bottles of lemonade, Laura will have at least 6,400 ounces of beverages and stay within her budget of $600.", "C": "By spending $40 on bottles of lemonade and $180 on bottles of water, Laura will have at least 6,400 ounces of beverages and stay within her budget of $600.", "D": "By spending $40 on bottles of water and $180 on bottles of lemonade, Laura will have at least 6,400 ounces of beverages and stay within her budget of $600."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 589, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "What are all the values of $a$ that make the inequality $\\sqrt{a} > a^2$ true?", "options": {"A": "$a = 0$", "B": "$a > 1$", "C": "$0< a< 1$", "D": "$a = 1$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 590, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Which expression can be simplified to the form $x\\sqrt{3}$ , where $x$ is an integer?", "options": {"A": "$\\sqrt{48}$", "B": "$\\sqrt{51}$", "C": "$\\sqrt{54}$", "D": "$\\sqrt{57}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 591, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Which expression is a factor of $x^{2} - 2x - 24?$", "options": {"A": "$x - 2$", "B": "$x - 4$", "C": "$x - 6$", "D": "$x - 12$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 592, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Which expression is equivalent to $\\frac{2x^{2} - 98}{x^{2} - 14x + 49}$ when $x \\neq 7$?", "options": {"A": "$2(x + 7)$", "B": "$\\frac{1}{7x}$", "C": "$\\frac{2(x - 7)}{x + 7}$", "D": "$\\frac{2(x + 7)}{x - 7}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 593, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "An equation is shown below.\n\n$$\\frac{8}{3} x + 48.5 = y$$", "question": "Which equation can be used to determine the value of $x$ when $y = 28.1$ ?", "options": {"A": "$x = \\frac{3}{8} (28.1 + 48.5)$", "B": "$x = \\frac{3}{8} (28.1 - 48.5)$", "C": "$x = \\frac{8}{3} (28.1 - 48.5)$", "D": "$x = \\frac{8}{3} (28.1 + 48.5)$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 718, "assessment_program": "pennsylvania_keystone", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "Genetic mutations can cause chloroplasts in leaf cells to lack pigment and appear pale yellow.", "question": "Which statement describes how a plant is most immediately affected by the presence of these genetic mutations?", "options": {"A": "The ability to absorb minerals is reduced.", "B": "The rate of ATP production by mitochondria increases.", "C": "The sensitivity to changes in air temperature increases.", "D": "The amount of light energy transformed into chemical energy is reduced."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 776, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis.", "question": "Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?", "options": {"F": "The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.", "G": "The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.", "H": "The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.", "J": "The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine."}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["G"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 777, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": "A team of students encounters an unknown organism in a field while conducting a biodiversity study. Some students think the organism is a plant, while others think it is a fungus.", "question": "Which question should the students investigate to classify the organism correctly?", "options": {"F": "Is there a cell wall around the cells of the organism?", "G": "Does the organism perform photosynthesis?", "H": "Is there nervous tissue present in the organism?", "J": "Does the organism reproduce sexually?"}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["G"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 778, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": "The San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana, is a light reddish- brown translucent salamander about 2- 5 cm in length. \\(E\\) . nana is found only in Spring Lake and a portion of the San Marcos River. ", "question": "Which human activity would most likely decrease the ability of the salamanders to survive?", "options": {"A": "Increasing water consumption that decreases the flow of clean water from the springs that feed the river", "B": "Public transportation that reduces the number of automobiles that contribute to pollution runoff into the river", "C": "Tourism that helps fund the educational programs related to river ecosystem conservation", "D": "The addition of a new food source into the river that limits competition for resources"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 779, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein.", "question": "What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?", "options": {"F": "The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme.", "G": "The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.", "H": "The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed.", "J": "The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before."}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["G"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 780, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Plant Biology", "context": "Gibberellins are hormones produced in the root tips of plants. The plant uses these hormones to stimulate the growth of shoots.", "question": "How are gibberellins able to affect other parts of the plant?", "options": {"F": "Gibberellins are absorbed through the stomata and attach to chloroplasts.", "G": "Gibberellins are transported through vascular tissues to other parts of the plant.", "H": "Gibberellins become concentrated within the tissues of the plant during mitosis.", "J": "Gibberellins become modified once they infect healthy cells and are later released to infect other cells."}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["G"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 781, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Genetics", "context": "Conservation biologists studying cheetah populations have determined that the lack of genetic diversity among the cheetahs is due to genetic drift.", "question": "Which statement explains the most likely consequence of having a low genetic diversity on the cheetah population?", "options": {"F": "The chances of a mutation occurring in the cheetah population are decreased, increasing the cheetah survival rate.", "G": "The gene pool remains in equilibrium and future generations of cheetah offspring are stronger and better adapted to their environments.", "H": "The cheetah population becomes less likely to survive an outbreak of a disease or an environmental change, increasing the chance of species extinction.", "J": "Genetic variability is maintained from older cheetah populations that have survived and endured environmental stressors."}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["H"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 782, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Molecular Biology", "context": "CRISPR-Cas9 is a genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism. Using this technique scientists can add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence.", "question": "How can scientists use this technique to control gene expression?", "options": {"A": "By activating or deactivating specific genes", "B": "By calculating the number of genes different organisms produce", "C": "By identifying how closely related one individual is to another", "D": "By determining the number of chromosomes in an organism"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 783, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": null, "question": "During secondary succession, which of these best describes why decomposing pioneer plants give way to larger, more complex plants species, such as hardwood trees?", "options": {"F": "Increased amounts of sunlight are able to reach the ground while the pioneer species are decomposing.", "G": "Increased soil temperatures from decomposing pioneer species help tree seeds germinate more quickly.", "H": "Increased amounts of decomposing pioneer species remove nutrients that tree seedlings need to grow and mature.", "J": "Increased amounts of soil from decomposing pioneer species allow plants with more extensive root systems to become established."}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["J"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 784, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as ", "options": {"A": "a tumor", "B": "an embryo", "C": "a gland", "D": "an organ"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 813, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": "Breaking down food for nutrients involves many body systems. A student made a partial list of the processes that occur. Salivary enzymes begin to break down starch molecules in food. Gastrointestinal enzymes are released in response to a hormone signal. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine.", "question": "Which body systems interact most directly in the three listed processes?", "options": {"F": "Digestive Integumentary Muscular", "G": "Excretory Immune Muscular", "H": "Circulatory Excretory Immune", "J": "Circulatory Digestive Endocrine"}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["J"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 814, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": "A farmer is struggling to control the population of a certain insect on his farm. After researching population control techniques, he discovers that a particular bird is a predator of this insect. The farmer purchases a number of these birds and releases them onto his farm.", "question": "How might the farmer's action most likely have a negative impact on the ecosystem?", "options": {"F": "The birds will increase biodiversity of native plant species.", "G": "The birds will pollinate native species, increasing genetic variation.", "H": "The birds will consume beneficial insects, as well as the pest species.", "J": "The birds will mate with native birds and create a new species."}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["H"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 815, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": null, "question": "Which statement is an example of how carbon moves through a food chain as part of the carbon cycle?", "options": {"F": "Producers release carbon dioxide, and consumers take it in.", "G": "Producers take in carbon dioxide, and consumers release it.", "H": "Producers take in carbon from the soil, and they release it when they decompose.", "J": "Producers release carbon into the soil, and consumers take it in from the soil."}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["G"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 816, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "Which table correctly identifies how the plasma membrane contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis?", "options": {"A": "Function: Controls materials that enter and exit the cell Yes: X No: Function: Converts ATP to glucose for energy storage Yes: No: X Function: Catalyzes protein synthesis Yes: No: X Function: Receives signals for DNA replication Yes: No: X", "B": "Function: Controls materials that enter and exit the cell Yes: No: X Function: Converts ATP to glucose for energy storage Yes: No: X Function: Catalyzes protein synthesis Yes: X No: Function: Receives signals for DNA replication Yes: No: X", "C": "Function: Controls materials that enter and exit the cell Yes: No: X Function: Converts ATP to glucose for energy storage Yes: X No: Function: Catalyzes protein synthesis Yes: No: X Function: Receives signals for DNA replication Yes: X No: ", "D": "Function: Controls materials that enter and exit the cell Yes: No: X Function: Converts ATP to glucose for energy storage Yes: No: X Function: Catalyzes protein synthesis Yes: X No: Function: Receives signals for DNA replication Yes: X No: "}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 817, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Genetics", "context": "In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait.", "question": "What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?", "options": {"F": "Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes", "G": "Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells", "H": "Differences in the diets of individual cattle", "J": "Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas"}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["F"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 818, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Genetics", "context": null, "question": "When a new mutation occurs in a somatic cell of a sexually reproducing organism, what percentage of the individual's offspring are likely to inherit the mutation?", "options": {"A": "100%", "B": "75%", "C": "25%", "D": "0%"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 819, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": "Researchers have observed striped hyenas and gray wolves hunting together in certain areas. One hypothesis suggests that changing hunting behavior aids both species in obtaining better and more resources. In this hypothesis the hyenas benefit because the wolves chase and take down large animals, such as goats, that the hyenas usually cannot catch alone. The wolves benefit from hyenas using their jaw strength to crack open large bones of prey to access additional nutrients from bone marrow.", "question": "Which table best identifies the ecological relationships among the gray wolf, hyena, and goats?", "options": {"F": "Organisms Involved: Hyenas and gray wolves Relationship: Predator-prey Organisms Involved: Gray wolves and goats Relationship: Commensalism", "G": "Organisms Involved: Hyenas and gray wolves Relationship: Mutualism Organisms Involved: Gray wolves and goats Relationship: Predator-prey", "H": "Organisms Involved: Hyenas and gray wolves Relationship: Parasitism Organisms Involved: Gray wolves and goats Relationship: Mutualism", "J": "Organisms Involved: Hyenas and gray wolves Relationship: Commensalism Organisms Involved: Gray wolves and goats Relationship: Parasitism"}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["G"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 820, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": "The giant octopus lays 20,000 to 100,000 fertilized eggs. After hatching, most octopuses become prey to larger marine organisms, and less than 5% will reach adulthood to reproduce.", "question": "One benefit of the giant octopus laying many eggs is to -", "options": {"F": "increase the average body size for surviving individuals to avoid predation", "G": "decrease competition between different octopus species to maintain resources in the population", "H": "increase the chance that more individuals will survive to maintain the population", "J": "decrease the likelihood of offspring being consumed by predators"}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["H"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 821, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": null, "question": "Which statement best describes how bacteria recycle matter in an ecosystem?", "options": {"A": "Bacteria are producers that create energy for second- order consumers.", "B": "Bacteria produce toxins to prevent the growth of invasive species.", "C": "Bacteria cause diseases that limit the reproduction of organisms in a population.", "D": "Bacteria are decomposers that help to transfer organic material to the soil."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 822, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Microbiology", "context": "An illness caused by a certain virus includes fever, rash, joint pain, red eyes, and headache. The virus is transmitted to people by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms quickly occur within three to twelve days after contracting the virus. There is no vaccine for this virus.", "question": "Which description best explains the reproductive cycle of this virus?", "options": {"A": "Lytic, because the virus is transmitted by mosquitoes", "B": "Lysogenic, because there is no way to vaccinate against it", "C": "Lytic, because of the quick incubation time", "D": "Lysogenic, because the virus causes a fever"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 823, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": null, "question": "Which statement best describes an interaction between the muscular system and the respiratory system?", "options": {"A": "The hormone adrenaline causes blood vessels to contract and send more blood to major muscles.", "B": "Metabolic wastes generated by muscle cells are eliminated in urine.", "C": "The diaphragm contracts causing the chest cavity to expand, which draws air into the lungs.", "D": "Nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are transported in blood to the brain."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 824, "assessment_program": "staar", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": "Two scientists want to compare their research of fireflies.", "question": "Which information must the two scientists provide to each other to determine if they studied the same type of fireflies?", "options": {"F": "Size of the firefly populations", "G": "Type of habitat in which the fireflies live", "H": "Color of light produced by the fireflies", "J": "Species name of the fireflies studied"}, "option_labels": ["F", "G", "H", "J"], "answer": ["J"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1171, "assessment_program": "virginia_sol", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "If $f(x) = (x - 3)^2 + 1$", "question": "What is $f(6)$?", "options": {"A": "-2", "B": "7", "C": "10", "D": "16"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1225, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "The expression (3x - 4y^2)(3x + 4y^2) is equivalent to:", "options": {"A": "9x^2 - 16y^4", "B": "9x^2 - 8y^4", "C": "9x^2 + 16y^4", "D": "6x^2 - 16y^4", "E": "6x^2 - 8y^4"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1226, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": null, "question": "A rectangle has an area of 32 square feet and a perimeter of 24 feet. What is the shortest of the side lengths, in feet, of the rectangle?", "options": {"A": "1", "B": "2", "C": "3", "D": "4", "E": "8"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1227, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": null, "question": "In triangle \\(ABC\\), the sum of the measures of \\(\\angle A\\) and \\(\\angle B\\) is \\(47^\\circ\\). What is the measure of \\(\\angle C\\)?", "options": {"A": "\\(47^\\circ\\)", "B": "\\(86^\\circ\\)", "C": "\\(94^\\circ\\)", "D": "\\(133^\\circ\\)", "E": "\\(143^\\circ\\)"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1274, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Statistics and Probability", "context": null, "question": "To get a driver's license, an applicant must pass a written test and a driving test. Past records show that 80% of the applicants pass the written test and 60% of those who have passed the written test pass the driving test. Based on these figures, how many applicants in a random group of 1,000 applicants would you expect to get driver's licenses?", "options": {"A": "200", "B": "480", "C": "600", "D": "750", "E": "800"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1361, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Number and Quantity", "context": "The set of all positive integers that are divisible by both 15 and 35 is infinite.", "question": "What is the least positive integer in this set?", "options": {"A": "5", "B": "50", "C": "105", "D": "210", "E": "525"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1362, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Statistics and Probability", "context": "About $1.48 \\times 10^8$ square kilometers of Earth's surface is land; the rest, about $3.63 \\times 10^8$ square kilometers, is water.", "question": "Which of the following is the best estimate of the probability that the space capsule will land in water?", "options": {"A": "80%", "B": "71%", "C": "65%", "D": "41%", "E": "29%"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1363, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": "One side of square $ABCD$ has a length of 12 meters. A certain rectangle whose area is equal to the area of $ABCD$ has a width of 8 meters.", "question": "What is the length, in meters, of the rectangle?", "options": {"A": "12", "B": "16", "C": "18", "D": "20", "E": "24"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1364, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Statistics and Probability", "context": "The average of a list of 4 numbers is 92.0. A new list of 4 numbers has the same first 3 numbers as the original list, but the fourth number in the original list is 40, and the fourth number in the new list is 48.", "question": "What is the average of this new list of numbers?", "options": {"A": "81.0", "B": "92.0", "C": "94.0", "D": "94.4", "E": "96.6"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1365, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Number and Quantity", "context": "The vector $i$ represents 1 mile per hour east, and the vector $j$ represents 1 mile per hour north. Maria is jogging south at 12 miles per hour.", "question": "One of the following vectors represents Maria's velocity, in miles per hour. Which one?", "options": {"A": " $-12i$", "B": " $-12j$", "C": " $12i$", "D": " $12j$", "E": " $12i + 12j$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1366, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": "Aurelio is purchasing carpet tiles to cover an area of his living room floor that is $8\\frac{1}{3}$ feet wide by 10 feet long. Each carpet tile is a square 20 inches wide by 20 inches long.", "question": "What is the minimum number of carpet tiles that Aurelio must purchase to cover this area of his living room floor?", "options": {"A": "5", "B": "11", "C": "21", "D": "30", "E": "84"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1367, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": "In the standard (x,y) coordinate plane, a circle with its center at (8,5) and a radius of 9 coordinate units", "question": "has which of the following equations?", "options": {"A": " $(x - 8)^2 + (y - 5)^2 = 81$", "B": " $(x - 8)^2 + (y - 5)^2 = 9$", "C": " $(x + 8)^2 + (y + 5)^2 = 81$", "D": " $(x + 8)^2 + (y + 5)^2 = 9$", "E": " $(x + 5)^2 + (y + 8)^2 = 81$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1368, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "Given matrices $X = [-1 \\ 0]$ and $Y = \\begin{bmatrix} -2 \\\\ -1 \\end{bmatrix}$ ,", "question": "which of the following matrices is $XY$ ?", "options": {"A": " $\\begin{bmatrix} -4 \\end{bmatrix}$", "B": " $\\begin{bmatrix} -3 \\end{bmatrix}$", "C": " $\\begin{bmatrix} -2 \\end{bmatrix}$", "D": " $\\begin{bmatrix} 2 \\end{bmatrix}$", "E": " $\\begin{bmatrix} 3 \\end{bmatrix}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1369, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": "Regardless of how the graph is oriented in the standard $(x,y)$ coordinate plane, NO graph in one of the following categories has a vertical line of symmetry.", "question": "Which one?", "options": {"A": "Line", "B": "Square", "C": "Pentagon", "D": "Parallelogram", "E": "Scalene triangle"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1370, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "The equation $24x^2 + 2x = 15$ has 2 solutions.", "question": "What is the greater of the 2 solutions?", "options": {"A": " $\\frac{3}{4}$", "B": " $\\frac{4}{3}$", "C": " $\\frac{5}{6}$", "D": " $\\frac{7}{6}$", "E": " $\\frac{11}{15}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1371, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Which of the following expressions is equal to $(\\sin 60^\\circ)(\\cos 30^\\circ) + (\\cos 60^\\circ)(\\sin 30^\\circ)$ ?", "options": {"A": " $\\cos(60^\\circ - 30^\\circ)$", "B": " $\\cos(60^\\circ + 30^\\circ)$", "C": " $\\sin(60^\\circ - 30^\\circ)$", "D": " $\\sin(60^\\circ + 30^\\circ)$", "E": " $\\sin\\left(\\frac{60^\\circ + 30^\\circ}{2}\\right)$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1372, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": "The equation $24x^2 + 2x = 15$ has 2 solutions.", "question": "What is the area, in square units, of a circle that has a circumference $12\\pi$ units long?", "options": {"A": " $6\\pi$", "B": " $12\\pi$", "C": " $24\\pi$", "D": " $36\\pi$", "E": " $144\\pi$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1373, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Statistics and Probability", "context": "A barrel contains 25 liters of a solvent mixture that is 40% solvent and 60% water. Lee will add pure solvent to the barrel, without removing any of the mixture currently in the barrel, so that the new mixture will contain 50% solvent and 50% water.", "question": "How many liters of pure solvent should Lee add to create this new mixture?", "options": {"A": "2.5", "B": "5", "C": "10", "D": "12.5", "E": "15"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1374, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "For all $x \\neq \\pm y$ ,", "question": " $\\frac{x}{x+y} + \\frac{y}{x-y} =$ ?", "options": {"A": " $\\frac{1}{x-y}$", "B": " $\\frac{x+y}{x-y}$", "C": " $\\frac{x+y}{2x}$", "D": " $x^2 + y^2$", "E": " $\\frac{x^2+y^2}{x^2-y^2}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1387, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Number and Quantity", "context": "Lavonne purchased some tickets and snack vouchers for an upcoming event and gave them to the members of her work group. Each member of her work group received the same number of tickets and the same number of snack vouchers.", "question": "The total number of tickets she gave to her group was 30, and the total number of snack vouchers was 75. Which of the following could be the number of members in Lavonne's work group?", "options": {"A": "10", "B": "15", "C": "25", "D": "30"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1477, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "physics", "domain": "astronomy_space_science", "context": "Star formation begins with the gravitational collapse of matter in an interstellar gas cloud. A protostar (forming star) affects gas in the surrounding portions of the cloud in 2 ways:\n\nThe protostar's gravitational field attracts gas, causing the gas to accrete (accumulate onto the protostar). Radiation pressure (RP) associated with the protostar's emissions causes gas to be pushed away from the protostar, inhibiting accretion.\n\nStar formation ends when the effect of RP overcomes that of gravity. At that point, the protostar can no longer gain mass by accretion and is considered a fully formed star.\n\nThree scientists debate whether the maximum mass that a protostar can reach by accretion is great enough to account for the most massive stars observed.\n\n## Scientist 1\n\nThe effect of RP is uniform in all directions around a protostar. As a result, the maximum mass that a protostar can reach by accretion is $20\\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{S}}$ ( $1\\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{S}} =$ mass of the Sun). Any further increase in mass requires at least 1 stellar merger (the combination of 2 or more fully formed stars into 1). Because stars tend to form in clusters, stellar mergers are likely.\n\n## Scientist 2\n\nScientist 1 is correct that stellar mergers are likely. However, because a protostar rotates about its axis, a disk of gas forms in the plane of the protostar's equator. This reduces the effect of RP in that plane, allowing gas from the disk to readily accrete. As a result, the maximum mass that a protostar can reach by accretion is $40\\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{S}}$ . Any further increase in mass requires at least 1 stellar merger.\n\n## Scientist 3\n\nStellar mergers are very unlikely given the vast distances between stars, even within clusters. Scientist 2 is correct about the formation and the effect of the disk. In addition, a protostar produces bubble- like regions of radiation that increase the effect of RP near the protostar's poles, promoting the flow of gas into the disk. As a result, accretion continues until the surrounding portions of the cloud are nearly depleted of gas. Therefore, the maximum mass that a protostar can reach by accretion is limited only by the amount of available gas.", "question": "Scientists 2 and 3 agree that a disk forms around a protostar as a result of the protostar's:", "options": {"A": "motion.", "B": "emission of radiation.", "C": "location within a star cluster.", "D": "merger with another star."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1478, "assessment_program": "act", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "physics", "domain": "astronomy_space_science", "context": "Star formation begins with the gravitational collapse of matter in an interstellar gas cloud. A protostar (forming star) affects gas in the surrounding portions of the cloud in 2 ways:\n\nThe protostar's gravitational field attracts gas, causing the gas to accrete (accumulate onto the protostar). Radiation pressure (RP) associated with the protostar's emissions causes gas to be pushed away from the protostar, inhibiting accretion.\n\nStar formation ends when the effect of RP overcomes that of gravity. At that point, the protostar can no longer gain mass by accretion and is considered a fully formed star.\n\nThree scientists debate whether the maximum mass that a protostar can reach by accretion is great enough to account for the most massive stars observed.\n\n## Scientist 1\n\nThe effect of RP is uniform in all directions around a protostar. As a result, the maximum mass that a protostar can reach by accretion is $20\\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{S}}$ ( $1\\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{S}} =$ mass of the Sun). Any further increase in mass requires at least 1 stellar merger (the combination of 2 or more fully formed stars into 1). Because stars tend to form in clusters, stellar mergers are likely.\n\n## Scientist 2\n\nScientist 1 is correct that stellar mergers are likely. However, because a protostar rotates about its axis, a disk of gas forms in the plane of the protostar's equator. This reduces the effect of RP in that plane, allowing gas from the disk to readily accrete. As a result, the maximum mass that a protostar can reach by accretion is $40\\mathrm{M}_{\\mathrm{S}}$ . Any further increase in mass requires at least 1 stellar merger.\n\n## Scientist 3\n\nStellar mergers are very unlikely given the vast distances between stars, even within clusters. Scientist 2 is correct about the formation and the effect of the disk. In addition, a protostar produces bubble- like regions of radiation that increase the effect of RP near the protostar's poles, promoting the flow of gas into the disk. As a result, accretion continues until the surrounding portions of the cloud are nearly depleted of gas. Therefore, the maximum mass that a protostar can reach by accretion is limited only by the amount of available gas.", "question": "Which of the scientists, if any, would be likely to agree that the Sun could have formed entirely by accretion?", "options": {"A": "Scientist 1 only", "B": "Scientist 3 only", "C": "Scientists 1, 2, and 3", "D": "None of the scientists"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1491, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Biochemistry", "context": "Use the following pathway to answer Question. Many metabolic pathways involve multi-step reactions. Consider the following pathway, where E represents different enzymes, and A, B, C, D and F represent substrates and products of the pathway.\n\n$$\\text{A} \\xrightarrow{\\text{E}_1} \\text{B} \\xrightarrow{\\text{E}_2} \\text{C} \\xrightarrow{\\text{E}_3} \\text{D} \\xrightarrow{\\text{E}_4} \\text{F}$$", "question": "In the example above, assume that D is an allosteric inhibitor of the enzyme $E_2$ . D would", "options": {"A": "Compete with B for binding to the $E_2$ active site", "B": "Compete with F for binding with $E_2$", "C": "Bind directly to the substrate B and prevent it from entering the $E_2$ active site", "D": "Bind $E_2$ at a site different from the active site but change the shape of the active site so B can no longer bind", "E": "Bind $E_2$ at the active site, change its shape and prevent B from binding the active site"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1492, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Plant Biology", "context": null, "question": "A plant cell with a solute potential of $-0.8 \\text{ MPa}$ maintains a constant volume when bathed in a solution that has a solute potential of $-0.25 \\text{ MPa}$ and is in an open container. From this information, one knows that:", "options": {"A": "The cell has a pressure potential of $+0.55 \\text{ MPa}$", "B": "The cell has a pressure potential of $+0.25 \\text{ MPa}$", "C": "The cell has a pressure potential of $+0.8 \\text{ MPa}$", "D": "The cell has a water potential of $-0.8 \\text{ MPa}$", "E": "None of the above answers is correct"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1493, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Biochemistry", "context": null, "question": "Some of the oxygen molecules given off in the process of photosynthesis are used by the plant:", "options": {"A": "To form water by combining with hydrogen stored in the vacuoles", "B": "In cellular respiration in the mitochondria", "C": "To build enzymes in the Golgi complex", "D": "In transcribing DNA in the lysosome", "E": "In membrane-bound amyloplasts to aid in the storage of starch"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1494, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Plant Biology", "context": null, "question": "Among flowering plants the details of the morphology of the flower were considered the most important characteristics to determine relatedness because:", "options": {"A": "Flowers are the most conspicuous part of the plant", "B": "Flower structure could easily be observed with a magnifying glass", "C": "Flower parts were the easiest to physically measure and accurately describe", "D": "Small changes in flower structure could dramatically affect the fertility of the plant", "E": "Flower size was not altered by soil properties"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1495, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Molecular Biology", "context": null, "question": "Bacteria including cyanobacteria accumulate a glycogen-like polysaccharide for storing glucose. Which of the following can reasonably explain the evolution of storage polysaccharides?\n\nThe common ancestor of plants and animals could synthesize:", "options": {"A": "Both amylopectin and glycogen, but plants have lost the ability of glycogen synthesis during evolution", "B": "Both amylopectin and glycogen, but animals have lost the ability of amylopectin synthesis", "C": "Amylopectin but not glycogen, and animals have acquired the ability of glycogen synthesis", "D": "Glycogen but not amylopectin, and plants have acquired the ability of amylopectin synthesis"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1496, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Plant Biology", "context": null, "question": "Suppose you are walking through a deciduous forest. You notice a dead tree that had been cut down and cut into logs that were tagged and labeled for removal from the forest three years prior. You and a friend try to move one of the smaller logs in order to build a camp fire. You find that the small log is heavy and difficult to move. The mass of the log is actually made-up mostly of:", "options": {"A": "Water from the soil", "B": "Macronutrients from the soil", "C": "Micronutrients from the soil", "D": "An invisible gas from the air", "E": "Membrane-bound cell organelles of the prokaryotes"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1747, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": "You have been recently studying a small alien ecosystem that is near you. The ecosystem consists of trogs that eat brogs that eat progs. Progs produce energy from the sun. Given that there is 190kJ worth of biomass of progs,", "question": "approximately how much energy does the biomass of trogs represent?", "options": {"A": "1900J", "B": "3800J", "C": "19000J", "D": "38000J"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1749, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": null, "question": "You are pleasantly enjoying your afternoon in Bali, Indonesia, when you stumble upon a street stand that has a conspicuous \"DO NOT TOUCH\" sign. Below the sign, there are two bats. This scary tourist trap owes its existence to which mammalian order?", "options": {"A": "Monotremata.", "B": "Chiroptera.", "C": "Rodentia.", "D": "Lagomorpha.", "E": "Sirenia."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1750, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": "Chef Grace is trying to experience the taste of dolphin without actually eating dolphin. She presumes that taste is evolutionary and changes much the same way genes do.", "question": "Which of the following organisms should she eat based on this hypothesis?", "options": {"A": "Elephant", "B": "Bighorn Sheep", "C": "Manatee", "D": "Lemur", "E": "Koala"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1751, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "In the extracellular matrix of an animal cell, you would like to test the binding partner of integrins in vitro. Integrins would most likely require firm attachment to which of the above option?", "options": {"A": "Actin.", "B": "Myosin.", "C": "Dynein.", "D": "Kinesin.", "E": "Cyclin."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1752, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "You are working with Dr. Lee at University of Wisconsin-Madison to investigate cytokinesis in a newly discovered marine worm. You generated antibodies to conserved proteins involved in cell division in other organism to look for proteins that localize to important structures during cell division. What molecular motor protein should you look for in the contractile ring?", "options": {"A": "Actin.", "B": "Myosin.", "C": "Dynein.", "D": "Kinesin.", "E": "Cyclin."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1753, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "An unnamed acid has a pKa value of 4.76. Which of the following is closest to the ratio of the concentration of its protonated to deprotonated forms in a pH environment of 6.8?", "options": {"A": "$100:1$ .", "B": "$10:1$ .", "C": "$1:1$ .", "D": "$1:10$ .", "E": "$1:100$ ."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1754, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "Select the answer choice that correctly describes which chemical species are oxidized, reduced, and phosphorylated in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.", "options": {"A": "H2O only | NAD+ and FAD | ADP", "B": "NADH and FADH2 | O2 | ADP", "C": "NADH and FADH2 | CO2 | ATP", "D": "H2O only | NAD+ only | ADP", "E": "NADPH only | FAD only | ATP"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1755, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Molecular Biology", "context": null, "question": "Which scientist(s) is incorrectly matched with his/her/their discoveries?", "options": {"A": "Frederick Griffith – discovery of transformation through bacteriophages.", "B": "Hershey and Chase – discovery of DNA as the hereditary material of cells.", "C": "Chargaff – discovery that relative amounts of nucleotide bases varies among organisms.", "D": "Watson and Crick – discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA.", "E": "Meselson and Stahl – discovery of the semi-conservative replication of DNA."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1756, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "Indicate if each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE about the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. Use \"A\" for True and \"B\" for False. Ubiquinone proteins have a heme group to facilitate electron transport.", "options": {"A": "A", "B": "B"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1757, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "Indicate if each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE about the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. Use \"A\" for True and \"B\" for False. FADH2 adds its electrons to complex III while NADH adds its electrons in complex I.", "options": {"A": "A", "B": "B"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1758, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "Indicate if each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE about the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. Use \"A\" for True and \"B\" for False. Cytochrome a is more electronegative than cytochrome b.", "options": {"A": "A", "B": "B"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1759, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": null, "question": "Indicate if each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE about the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. Use \"A\" for True and \"B\" for False. Cytochrome c is more electronegative than cytochrome b.", "options": {"A": "A", "B": "B"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1810, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Plant Biology", "context": "When an oak seedling is one year old, a small marker is inserted into its primary phloem tissue. Two years later,", "question": "where would you expect to find this marker?", "options": {"A": "External to the cork cambium", "B": "Between the secondary phloem and the cork cambium", "C": "Between the vascular cambium and the secondary phloem", "D": "Between the vascular cambium and the primary xylem", "E": "Internal to the primary xylem"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1811, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Plant Biology", "context": "Plant hormones react on target tissues to activate a receptor. Thus, for a response to occur the following five events must take place:", "question": "1. the binding of the hormone/receptor should initiate a change in the receptor (amplification). Calcium is often involved and its interaction is mediated by the protein calmodulin\n2. the target tissue recognizes the hormone (i.e., there must be a receptor to which the hormone can bind)\n3. the target tissue must be sensitive (sensitized) to the hormone\n4. the hormone must be present in an appropriate quantity\n5. the activated receptor initiates a physiological response", "options": {"A": "1, 2, 3, 4, 5", "B": "2, 4, 3, 1, 5", "C": "4, 3, 2, 1, 5", "D": "3, 4, 2, 1, 5", "E": "4, 3, 1, 2, 5"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1812, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Plant Biology", "context": "Blue light plays a variety of roles in guard cell action.", "question": "Which of the following is NOT a role of blue light in guard cell action?", "options": {"A": "Activates a calcium transporter", "B": "Activates a membrane bound proton ATPase", "C": "Stimulates potassium uptake", "D": "Stimulates malate synthesis", "E": "Stimulates starch hydrolysis"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1813, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": null, "question": "Why does the stomach use both pepsin and HCl to break down proteins in food?", "options": {"A": "HCl denatures the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins, while pepsin breaks the primary structure", "B": "HCl removes the tertiary structure of proteins, while pepsin breaks the primary and quaternary structure", "C": "HCl removes the quaternary structure of proteins, while pepsin breaks the primary and tertiary structure", "D": "pepsin removes the tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins, while HCl breaks the primary structure", "E": "pepsin removes the tertiary structure of proteins, while HCl breaks the primary and quaternary structure"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1814, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": "A patient is diagnosed with a disorder in which the pituitary gland overproduces anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).", "question": "Which of the following combinations of symptoms would you expect to be associated with this disorder?", "options": {"A": "Reduced urine volume and low blood osmolarity", "B": "Reduced urine volume and high blood osmolarity", "C": "Increased urine volume and low blood osmolarity", "D": "Increased urine volume and high blood osmolarity", "E": "Increased urine volume with no change in blood osmolarity"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 1815, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Microbiology", "context": "The pathology associated with *Vibrio cholerae* is due to cholera toxin (CT) leads to which of the following?", "question": "1. Active pumping of $Ca^{2+}$ out of the cell\n2. Increased concentration of intracellular cAMP\n3. Increased osmolarity of the intestine and diarrhea\n4. Ribosylation and activation of Gi protein\n5. Ribosylation and activation of Gs protein", "options": {"A": "1, 2, 4", "B": "1, 3, 5", "C": "2, 3, 4", "D": "2, 3, 5", "E": "3, 4, 5"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2147, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": "You have found three new species, call them A, B, C. A has no coelom, a simple gut, and a simple nervous system; B also has no coelom and interestingly has protonephridia, and C is a pseudocoelomate with a cuticle and no circulatory system.", "question": "Which of the following classifications is the most specific classification that still contains these three groups?", "options": {"A": "Bilateria", "B": "Deuterostomia", "C": "Metazoa", "D": "Eukarya", "E": "Chordata"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2148, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": null, "question": "Which of the following are characteristic of deuterostomes? I. Determine cleavage II. Schizocoelous III. Radial cleavage IV. An example is the Cephalopoda", "options": {"A": "I, III", "B": "II, IV", "C": "II, III", "D": "III", "E": "III, IV"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2149, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Evolution and Biodiversity", "context": null, "question": "You are discussing with your amazing biology teacher various biosystematics concepts. Which of the following are true statements?", "options": {"A": "I, IV, III", "B": "I, II, V", "C": "I, V", "D": "II, III, IV", "E": "II, V"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2150, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Ecology", "context": null, "question": "You are discussing the various facets of biology with your good friend. Which of the following is a true statement?", "options": {"A": "Standing crop is measured over a period of time.", "B": "Effective population size is not always smaller than the actual population size.", "C": "Net primary productivity is about $\\frac{3}{4}$ of gross primary productivity.", "D": "The oceans contribute about as much production as all terrestrial biomes combined.", "E": "An inverted biomass pyramid has a high standing crop."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2151, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": "John, 45 years old, ran his first marathon in Denver, Colorado, with a time of 3 hours and 43 minutes. Running hard at Mile 23 -- Oh God, John has collapsed! Paramedics rush him to the hospital, but he unfortunately passes away before anything can be done. Initial examination by trauma experts find no bodily injury and normal blood work but the coroner immediately gives a diagnosis after looking at his family history.", "question": "What did he conclude?", "options": {"A": "Cardiac Arrest due to hardening of the aorta from plaque buildup", "B": "Starvation due to depletion of personal glucose reserves", "C": "Heat Stroke and dehydration due to strenuous exercise", "D": "Myocardial Infarction due to thrombocytosis", "E": "Cardiac Arrest due to hypertrophic cardiomyotrophy"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2152, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": null, "question": "As a medical doctor, you vaccinated a 12-month-old baby with attenuated rubella vaccines via subcutaneous injection. Next day, the baby came to the emergency room and developed a progressive necrotic lesion of the skin, muscles, and subcutaneous tissue at the site of inoculation. The vaccination reaction probably resulted from:", "options": {"A": "B cell deficiency", "B": "T cell deficiency", "C": "B and T cell deficiency", "D": "Complement proteins deficiency", "E": "B and complement proteins deficiency"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2153, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": "Some cancers escape the immune system by suppressing the expression of MHC class I molecules. However, the lack of MHC I molecule targets cells for destruction by natural killer cells.", "question": "These cancer cells will likely escape natural killer cells by", "options": {"A": "resisting breakdown within lysosomes of NK cells", "B": "interfering with molecular recognition and phagocytosis by NK cells", "C": "suppressing the expression of both MHC class I and MHC II molecules simultaneously.", "D": "repressing the expression of stress proteins or antibodies that can induce apoptosis by NK cells.", "E": "producing chemicals that will block the secretion of cytokines from the Golgi apparatus of the NK cells."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2154, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "Using a lentiviral transduction system, you made a stable cell line of fibroblasts in which it stably expresses thyroid hormone receptors tagged with mCherry fluorescent protein (mCherry-thyroid hormone receptors (THR)) *In vitro*, you treated the transgenic fibroblasts with triiodothyronine (T3). After 3 hours, you fixed your samples with 4% paraformaldehyde to fix your samples, counter-stained the nucleus using Hoechst dye, mounted your coverslips, and examined your samples under confocal microscope.", "question": "What would happen to the intracellular location of mCherry-THR upon T3 treatment (0 hours vs. 3 hours) *In vitro*? mCherry-THR will", "options": {"A": "escape from nucleus to cytoplasm upon T3 treatment.", "B": "translocate from cytoplasm to nucleus upon T3 treatment.", "C": "be always located in the nucleus before and after T3 treatment.", "D": "be always located in the cytoplasm before and after T3 treatment.", "E": "will be always embedded in the cellular membrane before and after T3 treatment."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2155, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "Using a CRISPR/Cas9 method, you made a transgenic mice that does not globally express insulin receptor (insulin receptor (IR KO)). 2-NBDG is a fluorescent glucose analog that has been used to monitor glucose uptake. For 2-NBDG-labeling experiments, mice received 2-DG (4 g per kg body weight) or vehicle control intravenously 30 mins in control and IR KO mice. 15 min later mice were euthanized and the brain cells were processed and brain cells were analyzed by flow cytometry (in the fluorescein isothiocyanate channel) for the uptake of 2-NBDG.", "question": "What would be the expected results?", "options": {"A": "The uptake of 2-NBDG in brain cells from IR KO mice will not be affected.", "B": "The uptake of 2-NBDG will be significantly lower in brain cells from IR KO mice.", "C": "The uptake of 2-NBDG will be significantly higher in brain cells from IR KO mice.", "D": "We cannot predict the uptake of 2-NBDG based on the experiment described above."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2156, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "You generated two plasmids that code GFP-protein HYL and RFP-protein WJL. Protein HYL is found in the thylakoid of the plasmids while protein B is found in the mitochondrial matrix. mRNAs of protein HYL and protein WJL are transcribed in the nucleus and translated by the cytoplasmic ribosomes in the cytosol. You co-transfected cardiomyocytes with two plasmids by electroporation, incubated them in the petri dish, and recorded the time-lapse imaging over 24 hours using fluorescence microscope.", "question": "To reach the final destination of GFP-HYL and RFP-protein WJL, how many membrane bilayers must proteins A and protein B cross, respectively?", "options": {"A": "2, 2", "B": "2, 3", "C": "3, 1", "D": "3, 2", "E": "3, 3"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2157, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "During your summer internship, you decided to remove (knockout) GLUT1, a gene responsible for encoding glucose transporters, in liver cells using a CRISPR/cas9 method. For this transgenic cell line (GLUT1 $-/-$ , KO), you incubated 200 $\\mu\\text{M}$ of fructose (a structural isomer of glucose) conjugated with FITC (fluorescent probe, FITC-fructose) for 3 hours and read the fluorescence intensity using a plate reader.", "question": "Compared to your normal liver cells, what would happen to the fluorescence intensity of FITC-fructose in GLUT1 $-/-$ liver cells?", "options": {"A": "It is likely that the fluorescence intensity of FITC-fructose will not be affected much.", "B": "It is likely that the fluorescence intensity of FITC-fructose will be lower than normal cells.", "C": "It is likely that the fluorescence intensity of FITC-fructose will be higher than normal cells.", "D": "It is likely that the fluorescence intensity of FITC-fructose will be higher, and then lower than normal cells.", "E": "It is likely that the fluorescence intensity of FITC-fructose will be lower, and then higher than normal cells."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2158, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "Glycolytic capacity refers to a measure of the maximum rate of conversion of glucose to pyruvate or lactate that can be achieved acutely by a cell.", "question": "If you want to know the glycolytic capacity of purified splenic macrophages from previous experiment, how can you calculate this?", "options": {"A": "ECAR after 2-DG treatment", "B": "ECAR before addition of glucose", "C": "ECAR after addition of glucose - ECAR after 2-DG treatment", "D": "ECAR after oligomycin treatment - ECAR after 2-DG treatment", "E": "ECAR after oligomycin treatment - ECAR after addition of glucose"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2255, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "basic_astrophysics", "context": null, "question": "Calculate the length of the shortest day that can be experienced in Romania ( $44^{\\circ}25'N$ $26^{\\circ}06'E$ ). (Earth's axial tilt is $23.4^{\\circ}$ )", "options": {"A": "8h 12m", "B": "8h 39m", "C": "9h 04m", "D": "9h 25m"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2256, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "coordinates_and_time", "context": null, "question": "At arms length, the width of a fist typically subtends how many degrees of arc?", "options": {"A": "$1^\\circ$", "B": "$5^\\circ$", "C": "$10^\\circ$", "D": "$15^\\circ$", "E": "$20^\\circ$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2257, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "basic_astrophysics", "context": null, "question": "To have a lunar eclipse, the line of nodes must be pointing at the sun. The moon must also be in what phase?", "options": {"A": "New", "B": "First Quarter", "C": "Waxing Gibbous", "D": "Full", "E": "Waning Crescent"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2258, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "basic_astrophysics", "context": "Mars orbits the sun once every 687 days. Suppose Mars is currently in the constellation Virgo.", "question": "What constellation will it most likely be in a year from now?", "options": {"A": "Virgo", "B": "Scorpius", "C": "Aquarius", "D": "Taurus", "E": "Cancer"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2259, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "instrumentation_and_space_technologies", "context": "To calculate the field of view of a telescope, you measure the time it takes Capella (RA:5.27h, dec:45.98 $^\\circ$ ) to pass across the eyepiece. If the measured time is 2 minutes and 30 seconds,", "question": "what is the field of view in arcseconds?", "options": {"A": "$11.6'$", "B": "$26.5'$", "C": "$37.5'$", "D": "$52.5'$", "E": "66.8"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2260, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "instrumentation_and_space_technologies", "context": "A telescope with focal length of 20 mm and aperture of 10 mm is connected to your smartphone, which has a CCD that measures 4.0mm by 4.0mm. The CCD is 1024 by 1024 pixels.", "question": "Which is closest to the field of view of the telescope?", "options": {"A": "$1^\\circ$", "B": "$5^{\\circ}$", "C": "$10^{\\circ}$", "D": "$15^{\\circ}$", "E": "$20^{\\circ}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2261, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "instrumentation_and_space_technologies", "context": "A telescope with focal length of 20 mm and aperture of 10 mm is connected to your smartphone, which has a CCD that measures 4.0mm by 4.0mm. The CCD is 1024 by 1024 pixels.", "question": "What is its the resolution in arcseconds per pixel?", "options": {"A": "10\"/pixel", "B": "40\"/pixel", "C": "120\"/pixel", "D": "1200\"/pixel", "E": "3600'/pixel"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2262, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "basic_astrophysics", "context": "Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko has an orbital period around the Sun of 6.44 years.", "question": "What is its semimajor axis, in AU?", "options": {"A": "41.47", "B": "16.34", "C": "6.44", "D": "3.46", "E": "1.86"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2263, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "stars", "context": null, "question": "Which of the following techniques most directly constrains the mass of an exoplanet?", "options": {"A": "Radial Velocity", "B": "Transit Timing", "C": "Microlensing", "D": "Direct Imaging", "E": "Proper Motion"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2264, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "stellar_systems", "context": null, "question": "Which two properties of galaxies does the Tully-Fisher relation utilize a correlation between?", "options": {"A": "Luminosity and velocity dispersion", "B": "Luminosity and rotational velocity", "C": "Radius and metallicity", "D": "Luminosity and metallicity", "E": "Mass and surface brightness"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2308, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "instrumentation_and_space_technologies", "context": null, "question": "Which of the following famous Messier objects is in the constellation Hercules? I. M13 II. M31 III. M42 IV. M57 V. M83", "options": {"A": "M13", "B": "M31", "C": "M42", "D": "M57", "E": "M83"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2540, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "instrumentation_and_space_technologies", "context": "Consider a horizontal sundial where the triangular gnomon rises at an angle equal to the sundial site's latitude, $\\phi = 38^{\\circ}$ . If the area of the triangular gnomon is $2 m^{2}$ ,", "question": "what would be the area of the shadow in $m^{2}$ three hours after the noon in the first day of spring (vernal equinox)?", "options": {"A": "3.0", "B": "3.5", "C": "2.5", "D": "1.5", "E": "4.0"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2541, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "stars", "context": "Consider an eclipsing binary star system observed (in some fixed band) to have a combined apparent magnitude of 5.67. During the secondary transit, the second star is totally eclipsed by the first star, and the apparent magnitude dims to 6.28.", "question": "What percent of the combined flux is produced by the second star?", "options": {"A": "$10.8\\%$", "B": "$43.0\\%$", "C": "$57.0\\%$", "D": "$89.2\\%$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2542, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "instrumentation_and_space_technologies", "context": "An astronomer observes that a Solar type star has an apparent V magnitude of 6.73 when seen from the Earth. Assuming that the average interstellar extinction in V is $1.00 mag / kpc$ ,", "question": "determine the distance between this star and the Solar system.", "options": {"A": "11.5 pc", "B": "49.5 pc", "C": "34.2 pc", "D": "23.7 pc", "E": "18.9 pc"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2543, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "basic_astrophysics", "context": "The temperature of the Sun is 5000K while that of Sirius is 10000K.", "question": "Which star has a higher integrated radiance i.e. net energy emitted per unit time per unit area?", "options": {"A": "Sun", "B": "Sirius", "C": "Depends on value of the respective radii", "D": "The integrated radiance is equal."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2544, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "basic_astrophysics", "context": "Suppose a spaceship is attempting a slingshot maneuver on a gas giant with mass 100 times that of the spaceship. Because the spaceship somewhat entered the planet's atmosphere, kinetic energy was not conserved—only momentum.", "question": "What is the ratio of the spaceship's change in velocity to the planet's change in velocity, $\\frac{\\Delta v}{\\Delta v_{p}}$ ?", "options": {"A": "10", "B": "100", "C": "-10", "D": "-100"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2545, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "cosmology", "context": "Let's imagine that our Universe would be filled with basketballs, each having a mass of $m_{b} = 0.62$ kg.", "question": "What would be the necessary numerical density $(n_{b})$ of basketballs in the Universe such that the mass density of the basketballs would equal the current critical density of our Universe?", "options": {"A": "$1.5 \\times 10^{-26}$ balls/ $m^{3}$", "B": "$1.7 \\times 10^{26}$ balls/ $m^{3}$", "C": "$1.5 \\times 10^{-27}$ balls/ $m^{3}$", "D": "$1.7 \\times 10^{27}$ balls/ $m^{3}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2546, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "stars", "context": null, "question": "An often-repeated fun fact is that humans produce more power per unit volume than stars. If the sun were the same size, but it produced the same amount of power per unit volume as a human, what would its surface temperature be? Assume the \"average human\" produces 100 watts of power and has a volume of 66400 cubic centimeters.", "options": {"A": "3500 K", "B": "10000 K", "C": "25000 K", "D": "40000 K", "E": "50000 K"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2547, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "cosmology", "context": null, "question": "Given that the redshift of cosmic microwave background (CMB) is 1100, what was the temperature of the Universe when photon decoupled from matter and neutral hydrogen started to get formed? The present temperature of the CMB is 2.73 K.", "options": {"A": "10000 K", "B": "30000 K", "C": "3000 K", "D": "1000 K", "E": "300 K"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2548, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "astrophysics", "domain": "instrumentation_and_space_technologies", "context": "Where and when should we place a radio telescope such that, when combined with a radio telescope on Earth, the system could \"see\" the supermassive black hole in Sculptor's Galaxy (NGC 253)? Sculptor's Galaxy's supermassive black hole's mass is estimated to be around $5 \\cdot 10^{6} M_{\\odot}$ , and its distance is estimated to be around 3.5 Mpc.", "question": "Out of the options below, pick the one closest to the estimate you obtain, rounding up. Consider the energy of a radio wave to be around $10^{- 5} eV$ . Use the following formula to estimate the angular resolution: $\\theta = \\frac{\\lambda}{D}$", "options": {"A": "On the Moon when it is at its apogee.", "B": "On Mars when it is in conjunction.", "C": "On Venus when it is in its greatest elongation.", "D": "On one of Jupiter's moons when it is in opposition.", "E": "Somewhere in the farthest points of the Oort cloud when Earth is at its perihelion."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2549, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "analytical_lab_methods", "context": null, "question": "A student is asked to dispense 24.70 mL of a solution with an uncertainty of less than 0.05 mL. Which item should be used for this task?", "options": {"A": "50 mL beaker", "B": "50 mL buret", "C": "50 mL Erlenmeyer flask", "D": "50 mL graduated cylinder"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2550, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "Oxygen gas can be produced by the decomposition of all of the following substances EXCEPT", "options": {"A": "calcium oxide.", "B": "hydrogen peroxide.", "C": "mercury(II) oxide.", "D": "ozone."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2551, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "chemical_reactions", "context": null, "question": "Which gaseous product is formed when dilute nitric acid reacts with silver metal in the absence of air?", "options": {"A": "$H_2$", "B": "$O_2$", "C": "$NH_3$", "D": "NO"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2552, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "How many of the following gases are characterized by BOTH color AND a distinctive odor? \n$Cl_2$ $CH_4$ $NO_2$", "options": {"A": "none", "B": "one", "C": "two", "D": "three"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2553, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "Which action should be taken immediately if concentrated sulfuric acid is spilled on the skin?", "options": {"A": "It should be rinsed off with large quantities of running water.", "B": "It should be neutralized with solid $CaCO_3$ .", "C": "It should be neutralized with concentrated $NaOH$ .", "D": "The area of the spill should be wrapped tightly with cloth and shown to a health provider."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2554, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "solutions_mixtures", "context": null, "question": "A 65.25 g sample of $CuSO_4 \\cdot 5H_2O$ ( $M = 249.7$ ) is dissolved in enough water to make 0.800 L of solution. What volume of this solution must be diluted with water to make 1.00 L of 0.100 M $CuSO_4$ ?", "options": {"A": "3.27 mL", "B": "81.6 mL", "C": "209 mL", "D": "306 mL"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2555, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "chemical_reactions", "context": null, "question": "How many moles of $O_2$ are required for the complete combustion of 2.2 g of $C_3H_8$ to form $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ ?", "options": {"A": "0.050", "B": "0.15", "C": "0.25", "D": "0.50"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2556, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "acids_bases", "context": null, "question": "In the titration of a monoprotic acid with a solution of sodium hydroxide of known concentration, what quantities are equal at the equivalence point?", "options": {"A": "the concentrations of hydroxide and hydronium ions", "B": "the number of moles of hydroxide ion added and the number of moles of hydronium ion initially present", "C": "the volume of sodium hydroxide solution added and the volume of acid solution initially present", "D": "the number of moles of hydroxide ion added and the number of moles of monoprotic acid initially present"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2557, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "solutions_mixtures", "context": null, "question": "When a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in a volatile solvent, which characteristic is greater for the solution than for the solvent?", "options": {"A": "boiling point", "B": "freezing point", "C": "rate of evaporation", "D": "vapor pressure"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2558, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "solutions_mixtures", "context": null, "question": "What is the concentration of nitrate ion in a solution made by mixing 100 mL of a 0.200 M $\\text{HNO}_3$ solution with 200 mL of a 0.100 M solution of $\\text{Mg}(\\text{NO}_3)_2$ ?", "options": {"A": "0.133 M", "B": "0.150 M", "C": "0.167 M", "D": "0.200 M"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2559, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "The phase transition from gas to solid is called", "options": {"A": "condensation.", "B": "evaporation.", "C": "polymerization.", "D": "sublimation."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2560, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "A sample of gas occupies a volume of 9.23 L at 345 K and 1.40 atm. What is its volume at 525 K and 3.20 atm?", "options": {"A": "2.65 L", "B": "6.14 L", "C": "13.9 L", "D": "32.1 L"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2561, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "Which substance has the strongest London dispersion forces?", "options": {"A": "$\\text{H}_2\\text{O}$", "B": "$\\text{H}_2\\text{S}$", "C": "$\\text{H}_2\\text{Se}$", "D": "$\\text{H}_2\\text{Te}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2607, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "equilibrium", "context": null, "question": "The critical temperature of carbon dioxide is 304.3 K. Which statement is true about the behavior of carbon dioxide above this temperature?", "options": {"A": "Solid, liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide are in equilibrium above this temperature.", "B": "Liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide are in equilibrium above this temperature.", "C": "Liquid carbon dioxide does not exist above this temperature.", "D": "Carbon dioxide molecules do not exist above this temperature."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2608, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "bonding_structure", "context": null, "question": "Which substance is matched incorrectly with the type of solid it forms?", "options": {"A": "ammonium sulfate-ionic solid", "B": "lead-metallic solid", "C": "potassium chloride-ionic solid", "D": "silicon dioxide-molecular solid"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2609, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "Which substance has the lowest boiling point?", "options": {"A": "H<sub>2</sub>O", "B": "H<sub>2</sub>S", "C": "H<sub>2</sub>Se", "D": "H<sub>2</sub>Te"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2610, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "thermochemistry_thermodynamics", "context": null, "question": " The combustion of 1.00 mole of methane, CH<sub>4</sub>, produces carbon dioxide and water and releases 802 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>. When 3.00 mol of oxygen react with a stoichiometric quantity of methane, what is $\\\\Delta H$ for the reaction?", "options": {"A": "$-1.20 \\times 10^3$ kJ", "B": "$-8.02 \\times 10^2$ kJ", "C": "$8.02 \\times 10^2$ kJ", "D": "$1.20 \\times 10^3$ kJ"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2611, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "thermochemistry_thermodynamics", "context": null, "question": "What is the final temperature when \\(20.0\\ \\mathrm{g}\\) of water with specific heat capacity \\(4.184\\ \\mathrm{J\\,g^{-1}\\,K^{-1}}\\) at \\(80.0^\\circ\\mathrm{C}\\) is mixed with \\(30.0\\ \\mathrm{g}\\) of water at \\(20.0^\\circ\\mathrm{C}\\) in an insulated container?", "options": {"A": "\\(32^\\circ\\mathrm{C}\\)", "B": "\\(44^\\circ\\mathrm{C}\\)", "C": "\\(50^\\circ\\mathrm{C}\\)", "D": "\\(56^\\circ\\mathrm{C}\\)"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2612, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "thermochemistry_thermodynamics", "context": null, "question": "Which is a statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?", "options": {"A": "The energy of the universe is conserved.", "B": "The energy of the universe is decreasing.", "C": "The entropy of the universe is conserved.", "D": "The entropy of the universe is increasing."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2613, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "thermochemistry_thermodynamics", "context": null, "question": "For which signs of $\\Delta H$ and $\\Delta S$ will a reaction always be spontaneous?", "options": {"A": "$\\Delta H +$ , $\\Delta S +$", "B": "$\\Delta H +$ , $\\Delta S -$", "C": "$\\Delta H -$ , $\\Delta S -$", "D": "$\\Delta H -$ , $\\Delta S +$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 2614, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "equilibrium", "context": null, "question": "What is correct about the signs and magnitudes of the free energy, $\\Delta G^\\circ$ , and the equilibrium constant, K, for a thermodynamically spontaneous reaction under standard conditions?", "options": {"A": "$\\Delta G^\\circ < 0$ , $K < 0$", "B": "$\\Delta G^\\circ = 0$ , $K > 0$", "C": "$\\Delta G^\\circ < 0$ , $K = 0$", "D": "$\\Delta G^\\circ < 0$ , $K > 0$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3190, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "Pure samples of which of the following exhibit hydrogen bonding? I CHOH II CHNO III CHCN", "options": {"A": "I only", "B": "I and II only", "C": "II and III only", "D": "I, II, and III"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3191, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "The average molecular velocity in a gas sample at $300\\mathrm{K}$ is $500\\mathrm{m / s}$ . The temperature of this gas is increased until the average velocity of its molecules is $1000\\mathrm{m / s}$ . What is the new temperature?", "options": {"A": "$420\\mathrm{K}$", "B": "$573\\mathrm{K}$", "C": "$600\\mathrm{K}$", "D": "$1200\\mathrm{K}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3192, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "Which of the following compounds has the lowest boiling point?", "options": {"A": "HF", "B": "HCl", "C": "HBr", "D": "HI"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3193, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "atomic_structure", "context": null, "question": "What is the coordination number of each atom in a hexagonal close-packed solid?", "options": {"A": "4", "B": "6", "C": "8", "D": "12"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3194, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "thermochemistry_thermodynamics", "context": null, "question": "Spontaneous reactions always", "options": {"A": "go to completion.", "B": "are fast.", "C": "involve phase changes.", "D": "release energy and/or show an increase in the system's entropy."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3195, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "thermochemistry_thermodynamics", "context": null, "question": "The standard enthalpies of combustion of formaldehyde, $\\mathrm{H}_2\\mathrm{C} = \\mathrm{O}(\\mathrm{g})$ , and formic acid, $\\mathrm{HCOOH(l)}$ , are -563 and $-270\\mathrm{kJ}\\cdot \\mathrm{mol}^{-1}$ respectively. What is $\\Delta \\mathrm{H}^\\prime$ for the following reaction? $\\mathrm{H}_2\\mathrm{C} = \\mathrm{O}(\\mathrm{g}) + 1 / 2\\mathrm{O}_2(\\mathrm{g})\\rightarrow \\mathrm{HCOOH(l)}$", "options": {"A": "$-833\\mathrm{kJ}\\cdot \\mathrm{mol}^{-1}$", "B": "$-293\\mathrm{kJ}\\cdot \\mathrm{mol}^{-1}$", "C": "$293\\mathrm{kJ}\\cdot \\mathrm{mol}^{-1}$", "D": "$833\\mathrm{kJ}\\cdot \\mathrm{mol}^{-1}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3196, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "states_of_matter_imfs", "context": null, "question": "A rigid container holds an equal number of moles of $\\mathrm{N}_2$ and $\\mathrm{H}_2$ gas at a total pressure of 10.0 atm. The gases react according to the equation, $\\mathrm{N}_2(\\mathrm{g}) + 3\\mathrm{H}_2(\\mathrm{g})\\rightleftharpoons 2\\mathrm{NH}_3(\\mathrm{g})$ . If the total pressure of the gas decreases at a rate of $0.20\\mathrm{atm}\\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ , what is the rate of change of the partial pressure of $\\mathrm{N}_2$ in the container?", "options": {"A": "decreases at $0.40\\mathrm{atm}\\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$", "B": "decreases at $0.30\\mathrm{atm}\\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$", "C": "decreases at $0.20\\mathrm{atm}\\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$", "D": "decreases at $0.10\\mathrm{atm}\\cdot \\mathrm{s}^{-1}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3197, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "chemical_reactions", "context": null, "question": "Consider the reaction, $2\\mathrm{NO(g)} + \\mathrm{Cl}_2(\\mathrm{g})\\rightarrow 2\\mathrm{NOCl}$ Which of the following is/are required for a successful reaction between NO and $\\mathrm{Cl}_2$ molecules? I Proper orientation II $\\mathrm{NO / Cl_2}$ Ratio of 2 to 1 III Sufficient collision energy", "options": {"A": "II only", "B": "I and III only", "C": "II and III only", "D": "I, II, and III"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3198, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "nuclear_chemistry", "context": null, "question": "When sucrose, $\\mathrm{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}$ , is dissolved in $\\mathrm{H}_2\\mathrm{O}$ in the presence of an acid catalyst it reacts according to the equation $\\mathrm{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O\\rightarrow 2C_6H_{12}O_6}$ with a rate law of Rate $= k[\\mathrm{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}]$ . If $3.00\\mathrm{g}$ of sucrose decreases to $2.70\\mathrm{g}$ in $2.50\\mathrm{h}$ hours in the presence of a certain concentration of an acid catalyst, what is the half-life for this reaction under these same conditions?", "options": {"A": "12.5 hours", "B": "16.4 hours", "C": "23.7 hours", "D": "37.9 hours"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3199, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "equilibrium", "context": null, "question": "For the hypothetical reaction: $\\mathrm{A} + \\mathrm{B}\\rightarrow \\mathrm{C} + \\mathrm{D}$ , the equilibrium constant, $\\mathrm{K}$ , is less than $1.0\\mathrm{at}25^\\circ\\mathrm{C}$ and decreases by $35\\%$ on changing the temperature to $45^\\circ\\mathrm{C}$ . What must be true according to this information?", "options": {"A": "The $\\Delta \\mathrm{H}^\\circ$ for the reaction is negative.", "B": "The $\\Delta \\mathrm{S}^\\circ$ for the reaction is positive.", "C": "The $\\Delta \\mathrm{G}^\\circ$ for the reaction at $25^\\circ$ is negative.", "D": "The $\\Delta \\mathrm{G}^\\circ$ for the reaction at $45^\\circ$ is zero."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3200, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "equilibrium", "context": null, "question": "Consider the reaction carried out at constant volume: 2 $\\mathrm{SO_2(g) + O_2(g)}\\rightleftharpoons 2\\mathrm{SO_3(g)}$ For initial concentrations of $\\mathrm{SO_2}$ and $\\mathrm{O_2}$ of $2.0\\mathrm{M}$ and $1.5\\mathrm{M}$ , respectively, the equilibrium $\\mathrm{O_2}$ concentration is $0.80\\mathrm{M}$ . What is the value of $\\mathrm{K}_{\\mathrm{e}}$ for this reaction?", "options": {"A": "6.8", "B": "2.9", "C": "0.34", "D": "0.15"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3201, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "solutions_mixtures", "context": null, "question": "Correct statements about the percentage ionization of weak acids in water include which of the following? I The percentage ionization increases as the ionization constant of the acid becomes larger. II The percentage ionization increases as the concentration of the acid becomes smaller.", "options": {"A": "I only", "B": "II only", "C": "Both I and II", "D": "Neither I nor II"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3202, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "equilibrium", "context": null, "question": "For the synthesis of ammonia, $\\mathrm{K}_{\\mathrm{e}}$ is $1.2\\mathrm{at}375^\\circ\\mathrm{C}$ $\\mathrm{N}_2(\\mathrm{g}) + 3\\mathrm{H}_2(\\mathrm{g})\\rightleftharpoons 2\\mathrm{NH}_3(\\mathrm{g})$ What is $\\mathrm{K}_{\\mathrm{p}}$ at this temperature?", "options": {"A": "$4.1\\times 10^{-8}$", "B": "$4.2\\times 10^{-4}$", "C": "$1.3\\times 10^{-3}$", "D": "$3.4\\times 10^{3}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3203, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "equilibrium", "context": null, "question": "Calculate the aqueous solubility of $\\mathrm{Ca(OH)_2}$ in grams per liter. $\\mathrm{[K_{sp} = 8.0\\times 10^{-6}]}$", "options": {"A": "$5.9\\times 10^{-4}$", "B": "$2.0\\times 10^{-2}$", "C": "0.93", "D": "1.5"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3204, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "redox", "context": null, "question": "What occurs when an aqueous solution of $\\mathrm{Na_2SO_4}$ containing several drops of phenolphthalein is electrolyzed between Pt electrodes?", "options": {"A": "The colorless solution turns pink at the anode but remains colorless at the cathode.", "B": "The colorless solution turns pink at the cathode but remains colorless at the anode.", "C": "The pink solution becomes colorless at the anode but remains pink at the cathode.", "D": "The pink solution becomes colorless at the cathode but remains pink at the anode."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3205, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "redox", "context": null, "question": "A current of $12\\mathrm{A}$ is used to plate nickel from a $\\mathrm{Ni(NO_3)_2}$ solution. Both $\\mathrm{Ni(s)}$ and $\\mathrm{H_2(g)}$ are produced at the cathode. If the current efficiency with respect to the formation of $\\mathrm{Ni(s)}$ is $62\\%$ , how many grams of nickel are plated on the cathode in 45 minutes?", "options": {"A": "0.10", "B": "6.1", "C": "9.9", "D": "12"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3206, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "redox", "context": null, "question": "Calculate the cell potential, E, for a silver-silver chloride electrode immersed in $0.800\\mathrm{M KCl}$ at $25^\\circ\\mathrm{C}$ . $\\mathrm{[Ag^{+} + e^{- }\\rightarrow Ag,E^{+} = 0.799V;K_{sp} = 1.8\\times 10^{-10}]}$", "options": {"A": "1.37 V", "B": "0.80 V", "C": "0.57 V", "D": "0.23 V"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3534, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "solutions_mixtures", "context": "The hypochlorite concentration in bleach can be determined by treating it with excess iodide ion in acidic solution, which causes the formation of triiodide ion according to the following balanced reaction:\n\n$\\mathrm{OCl}^{-}(aq) + 3\\mathrm{I}^{-}(aq) + 2\\mathrm{H}_{3}\\mathrm{O}^{+}(aq)\\rightarrow\\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(aq) + \\mathrm{I}_{3}^{-}(aq) + 3\\mathrm{H}_{2}\\mathrm{O}(l)$\n\nThe triiodide can then be titrated with sodium thiosulfate: $\\mathrm{I}_{3}^{- }(aq) + 2\\mathrm{S}_{2}\\mathrm{O}_{3}^{2 - }(aq)\\rightarrow 3\\mathrm{I}^{- }(aq) + \\mathrm{S}_{4}\\mathrm{O}_{6}^{2 - }(aq)$\n\nA $75.0\\mathrm{- mL}$ sample of liquid bleach is treated with excess KI and acid, and then titrated with $0.0235\\mathrm{M}$ sodium thiosulfate solution. The endpoint is observed on the addition of $21.23\\mathrm{mL}$ of this solution.", "question": "What is the hypochlorite concentration in the bleach?", "options": {"A": "$4.99\\times 10^{-4}\\mathrm{M}$", "B": "$1.66\\times 10^{-3}\\mathrm{M}$", "C": "$3.33\\times 10^{-3}\\mathrm{M}$", "D": "$6.65\\times 10^{-3}\\mathrm{M}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3535, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "solutions_mixtures", "context": null, "question": "Which aqueous solution has the highest normal boiling point?", "options": {"A": "$0.10\\mathrm{M}\\mathrm{Na}_3\\mathrm{PO}_4$", "B": "$0.30\\mathrm{M}\\mathrm{Na}_2\\mathrm{HPO}_4$", "C": "$0.50\\mathrm{M}\\mathrm{NaH}_2\\mathrm{PO}_4$", "D": "$0.70\\mathrm{M}\\mathrm{H}_3\\mathrm{PO}_4$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3536, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "atomic_structure", "context": null, "question": "Which element gives a red flame test?", "options": {"A": "Aluminum", "B": "Boron", "C": "Sodium", "D": "Strontium"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3537, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "chemical_reactions", "context": null, "question": "Combining which solutions would produce a color change?", "options": {"A": "$\\mathrm{NaCl}(aq)$ and $\\mathrm{Br}_2(aq)$", "B": "$\\mathrm{Na}_2\\mathrm{CO}_3(aq)$ and $\\mathrm{HNO}_3(aq)$", "C": "$\\mathrm{K}_2\\mathrm{C}_2\\mathrm{O}_4(aq)$ and $\\mathrm{FeCl}_3(aq)$", "D": "$\\mathrm{CH}_3\\mathrm{COOH}(aq)$ and $\\mathrm{Co(NO}_3)_2(aq)$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3538, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "redox", "context": null, "question": "Which metal resists oxidation in air because it forms a protective oxide coating?", "options": {"A": "Al", "B": "Ca", "C": "Fe", "D": "Sr"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3539, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "analytical_lab_methods", "context": null, "question": "Which experiment would be most appropriate for determining the number of components in a commercial nail polish remover?", "options": {"A": "Gas chromatography", "B": "Paper chromatography", "C": "Boiling point determination", "D": "Combustion analysis"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3540, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "prequalifying", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "solutions_mixtures", "context": "A solution containing a divalent metal ion forms a precipitate when treated with hydrogen sulfide which does not dissolve in 1 M HCl.", "question": "Which ion is present?", "options": {"A": "$\\mathrm{Ca}^{2 + }$", "B": "$\\mathrm{Mn}^{2 + }$", "C": "$\\mathrm{Cd}^{2 + }$", "D": "$\\mathrm{Ba}^{2 + }$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3681, "assessment_program": "sat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": "Triangles $ABC$ and $DEF$ are congruent, where $A$ corresponds to $D$, and $B$ and $E$ are right angles. The measure of angle $A$ is $18^\\text{o}$.", "question": "What is the measure of angle $F$?", "options": {"A": "$18^\\text{o}$", "B": "$72^\\text{o}$", "C": "$90^\\text{o}$", "D": "$162^\\text{o}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3682, "assessment_program": "sat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "If $4x + 2 = 12$, what is the value of $16x + 8$?", "options": {"A": "40", "B": "48", "C": "56", "D": "60"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3683, "assessment_program": "sat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": null, "question": "Which expression is equivalent to $(m^4 q^4 z^{-1})(mq^5 z^3)$, where $m$, $q$, and $z$ are positive?", "options": {"A": "$m^4 q^{20} z^{-3}$", "B": "$m^5 q^9 z^2$", "C": "$m^6 q^8 z^{-1}$", "D": "$m^{20} q^{12} z^{-2}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3684, "assessment_program": "sat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "An airplane descends from an altitude of 9,500 feet to 5,000 feet at a constant rate of 400 feet per minute.", "question": "What type of function best models the relationship between the descending airplane's altitude and time?", "options": {"A": "Decreasing exponential", "B": "Decreasing linear", "C": "Increasing exponential", "D": "Increasing linear"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3685, "assessment_program": "sat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "The function $f(w) = 6w^2$ gives the area of a rectangle, in square feet ($\\text{ft}^2$), if its width is $w$ ft and its length is 6 times its width.", "question": "Which of the following is the best interpretation of $f(14) = 1,176$?", "options": {"A": "If the width of the rectangle is 14 ft, then the area of the rectangle is $1,176 \\text{ ft}^2$.", "B": "If the width of the rectangle is 14 ft, then the length of the rectangle is $1,176$ ft.", "C": "If the width of the rectangle is $1,176$ ft, then the length of the rectangle is 14 ft.", "D": "If the width of the rectangle is $1,176$ ft, then the area of the rectangle is $14 \\text{ ft}^2$."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3686, "assessment_program": "sat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "The number of bacteria in a liquid medium doubles every day. There are 44,000 bacteria in the liquid medium at the start of an observation.", "question": "Which of the following represents the number of bacteria, $y$, in the liquid medium $t$ days after the start of the observation?", "options": {"A": "$y = \\frac{1}{2}(44,000)^t$", "B": "$y = 2(44,000)^t$", "C": "$y = 44,000(\\frac{1}{2})^t$", "D": "$y = 44,000(2)^t$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3758, "assessment_program": "sat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "$$P(t) = 260(1.04)^{\\left(\\frac{6}{4}\\right)t}$$\nThe function $P$ models the population, in thousands, of a certain city $t$ years after 2003. According to the model, the population is predicted to increase by 4% every $n$ months.", "question": "What is the value of $n$ ?", "options": {"A": "8", "B": "12", "C": "18", "D": "72"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3759, "assessment_program": "sat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Geometry", "context": "A circle in the $xy$ -plane has its center at $(-1, 1)$ .\nLine $t$ is tangent to this circle at the point $(5, -4)$ .", "question": "Which of the following points also lies on line $t$ ?", "options": {"A": " $\\left(0, \\frac{6}{5}\\right)$ ", "B": " $(4, 7)$ ", "C": " $(10, 2)$ ", "D": " $(11, 1)$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3838, "assessment_program": "psat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "3\n\nIf $x = 40$ , what is the value of $x + 6$ ?\n\n", "question": "If $x = 40$ , what is the value of $x + 6$ ?", "options": {"A": "34", "B": "40", "C": "46", "D": "64"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3839, "assessment_program": "psat", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Algebra", "context": "4\n\nWhat is 23% of 100?\n\n", "question": "What is 23% of 100?", "options": {"A": "23", "B": "46", "C": "77", "D": "123"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3940, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A mass of $3M$ moving at a speed $v$ collides with a mass of $M$ moving directly toward it, also with a speed $v$ .", "question": "If the collision is completely elastic, the total kinetic energy after the collision is $K_e$ . If the two masses stick together, the total kinetic energy after the collision is $K_s$ . What is the ratio $K_e/K_s$ ?", "options": {"A": " $1/2$ ", "B": "1", "C": " $\\sqrt{2}$ ", "D": "2", "E": "4"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3941, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A massless spring hangs from the ceiling, and a mass is hung from the bottom of it. The mass is supported so that initially the tension in the spring is zero. The mass is then suddenly released.", "question": "At the bottom of its trajectory, the mass is 5 centimeters from its original position. Find its oscillation period.", "options": {"A": "0.05 s", "B": "0.07 s", "C": "0.31 s", "D": "0.44 s", "E": "Not enough information is given."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3942, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A ball is released from rest above an inclined plane and bounces elastically down the plane.", "question": "As the ball progresses down the plane, the time and the distance between each collision will:", "options": {"A": "remain the same, and increase.", "B": "increase, and remain the same.", "C": "decrease, and increase.", "D": "decrease, and remain the same.", "E": "both remain the same."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3943, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "The mass and the radius of the Earth are $M$ and $R$ . If an object starting at a distance of $R$ from the Earth's surface is moving at a velocity $v_0 = \\sqrt{\\frac{2GM}{3R}}$ tangentially,", "question": "what is its trajectory?", "options": {"A": "A parabola or a hyperbola", "B": "A circle around Earth", "C": "An ellipse whose minimum distance from the Earth's surface is $R$ ", "D": "An ellipse whose maximum distance from the Earth's surface is $R$ ", "E": "A straight line along the direction of the initial velocity"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3950, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A small rock is tied to a massless string of length 5 m. The density of the rock is twice the density of the water. The rock is lowered into the water, while the other end of the string is attached to a pivot. Neglect any resistive forces from the water.", "question": "The rock oscillates like a pendulum with angular frequency of which of the following?", "options": {"A": "1 rad/s", "B": "0.7 rad/s", "C": "0.5 rad/s", "D": "1.4 rad/s", "E": "2 rad/s"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3951, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A spherical cloud of dust has uniform mass density $\\rho$ and radius $R$ . Satellite A of negligible mass is orbiting the cloud at its edge, in a circular orbit of radius $R$ , and satellite B is orbiting the cloud just inside the cloud, in a circular orbit of radius $r$ , with $r < R$ . If $v_i$ is the speed of satellite $i$ and $T_i$ is the period of satellite $i$ ,", "question": "which of the following is true? Neglect any drag forces from the dust.", "options": {"A": " $T_A > T_B$ and $v_A > v_B$ ", "B": " $T_A > T_B$ and $v_A < v_B$ ", "C": " $T_A < T_B$ and $v_A > v_B$ ", "D": " $T_A < T_B$ and $v_A < v_B$ ", "E": " $T_A = T_B$ and $v_A > v_B$ "}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3952, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A particle moves in the $xy$ plane with the potential energy", "question": " $U(x, y) = 9kx^2 + 16ky^2.$ The particle can perform several different types of periodic motion. The ratio between the maximum and minimum possible periods is", "options": {"A": " $2/\\sqrt{3}$ ", "B": " $4/3$ ", "C": " $\\sqrt{5}$ ", "D": "4", "E": "5"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 3953, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A car is turning left along a circular track of radius $r$ at a constant speed $v$ . A cylindrical beaker is placed vertically inside the car. The beaker has a small hole on its right side. If the water's highest point in the beaker is a height $h$ above the hole,", "question": "at what instantaneous speed does water escape the hole, from a passenger's perspective?", "options": {"A": " $\\sqrt{2gh}$ ", "B": " $\\sqrt{(v^2/r)h}$ ", "C": " $\\sqrt{gh}$ ", "D": " $\\sqrt{h\\sqrt{(v^2/r)^2 + g^2}}$ ", "E": " $\\sqrt{2h\\sqrt{(v^2/r)^2 + g^2}}$ "}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4067, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A particle of mass $m$ moves in the $x y$ plane with potential energy $U(x,y) = k x y / 2$. If the particle begins at the origin, then it is possible to displace it slightly in some direction, so that the particle subsequently oscillates periodically.", "question": "What is the period of this motion?", "options": {"A": "$2\\pi \\sqrt{m / 4k}$", "B": "$2\\pi \\sqrt{m / 2k}$", "C": "$2\\pi \\sqrt{m / k}$", "D": "$2\\pi \\sqrt{2m / k}$", "E": "$2\\pi \\sqrt{4m / k}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4068, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "Near the ground, wind speed can be modeled as proportional to height above the ground. (This is a reasonable assumption for small heights.) A wind turbine converts a constant fraction of the available", "question": "kinetic energy into electricity. The conditions are such that when operating at $10\\mathrm{m}$ above the ground, the turbine delivers $15\\mathrm{kW}$ of power. How much power would the same windmill deliver if it were operating at $20\\mathrm{m}$ above the ground?", "options": {"A": "$15\\mathrm{kW}$", "B": "$21\\mathrm{kW}$", "C": "$30\\mathrm{kW}$", "D": "$60\\mathrm{kW}$", "E": "$120\\mathrm{kW}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4069, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "The International Space Station orbits the Earth in a circular orbit $400\\mathrm{km}$ above the surface, and a full revolution takes 93 minutes. An astronaut on a space walk neglects safety precautions and tosses away a spanner at a speed of $1\\mathrm{m / s}$ directly towards the Earth. You may assume that the Earth is a sphere of uniform density.", "question": "At which of the following five times will the spanner be closest to the astronaut?", "options": {"A": "After 139.5 minutes.", "B": "After 131.5 minutes.", "C": "After 93 minutes.", "D": "After 46.5 minutes.", "E": "After 1 minute."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4070, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "physics", "domain": "experimental_physics", "context": "A student conducted an experiment to determine the spring constant of a spring using a ruler and two different weighing scales. The measured elongation of the spring was $1.5\\mathrm{cm}$, and the smallest division on the ruler was $1\\mathrm{mm}$. The mass of the attached weight was measured using two different scales in the school laboratory, yielding values of $198\\mathrm{g}$ and $210\\mathrm{g}$. The student also found that the local acceleration due to gravity in her city is given as $(9.806 \\pm 0.001)\\mathrm{m / s}^{2}$.", "question": "Calculate the percent error in measuring the spring constant.", "options": {"A": "$2\\%$", "B": "$4\\%$", "C": "$8\\%$", "D": "$11\\%$", "E": "$14\\%$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4154, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "Two cars are moving to the right on a horizontal track, each with constant acceleration. At an instant of time, the information about the cars is shown: Car #1: position $= 125.0m$ ; velocity $= 13.0\\frac{m}{s}$ ; constant acceleration $= 1.5\\frac{m}{s^2}$ Car #2: position $= 80.0m$ ; velocity $= 9.30\\frac{m}{s}$ ; constant acceleration $= 5.5\\frac{m}{s^2}$", "question": "During the next 1.0 s of motion, which one of the following choices best represents what happens to the distance between the cars?", "options": {"A": "It decreases during the entire 1.0 second of motion.", "B": "It increases during the entire 1.0 second of motion.", "C": "It initially increases and then decreases resulting in a greater distance between the cars after 1.0 second.", "D": "It initially increases and then decreases resulting in a smaller distance between the cars after 1.0 second.", "E": "It initially increases and then decreases resulting in the same distance between the cars after 1.0 second."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4155, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "experimental_physics", "context": "Two length measurements are made and recorded as $L_1 = 84.55 \\text{ cm}$ and $L_2 = 33.55 \\text{ cm}$. Two other length measurements are made and recorded as $L_3 = 1.750 \\text{ cm}$ and $L_4 = 1.250 \\text{ cm}$. These measurements are used to compute the quantity $(L_1 + L_2) - (L_3 + L_4)$ using the rules of significant figures.", "question": "Which one of the following choices best represents the correct result to this calculation?", "options": {"A": "115.100 $\\text{ cm}$", "B": "115.10 $\\text{ cm}$", "C": "115.1 $\\text{ cm}$", "D": "115 $\\text{ cm}$", "E": "120 $\\text{ cm}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4156, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A box of mass $12.0 \\text{ kg}$ is being pushed to the right across a horizontal surface. When the box has $12.0 \\text{ J}$ of kinetic energy, a $12.0 \\text{ N}$ net force acts on it.", "question": "Which one of the following choices best represents the magnitude of the linear momentum of the box at this instant?", "options": {"A": "6.00 $\\text{ kg} \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$", "B": "8.50 $\\text{ kg} \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$", "C": "12.0 $\\text{ kg} \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$", "D": "17.0 $\\text{ kg} \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$", "E": "24.0 $\\text{ kg} \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4157, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A particle has a position, $x$, as a function of time, $t$, given as $x(t) = -15 - 25t + 10t^2$.", "question": "Which one of the following choices represents the magnitude of the particle's acceleration? All quantities are expressed in base SI units.", "options": {"A": "5 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$", "B": "10 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$", "C": "15 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$", "D": "20 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$", "E": "40 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4158, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "modern_physics", "context": null, "question": "\"Particles of matter also have associated wavelengths and can behave as waves.\" To which scientist is this concept attributed?", "options": {"A": "de Broglie", "B": "Pauli", "C": "Fermi", "D": "Heisenberg", "E": "Rydberg"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4159, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "waves", "context": "A 680 Hz tuning fork is placed over a tube open at both ends that is filled with air. As a result, a standing wave in the 3rd harmonic is produced. The speed of sound in air is $340 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$.", "question": "What is the length of the tube?", "options": {"A": "0.38 $\\text{ m}$", "B": "0.67 $\\text{ m}$", "C": "0.75 $\\text{ m}$", "D": "1.33 $\\text{ m}$", "E": "1.50 $\\text{ m}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4160, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "thermal_physics", "context": "Ten moles of helium gas are enclosed in a container at a pressure of $1.00 \\text{ atm}$ and at a temperature of $400 \\text{ K}$.", "question": "Which one of the following choices best represents the density of this gas sample?", "options": {"A": "0.012 $\\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$", "B": "0.12 $\\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$", "C": "1.2 $\\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$", "D": "120 $\\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$", "E": "1.2 $\\times 10^4 \\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4161, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "An object is launched from the ground at an angle of $60^\\circ$ above the horizontal with a speed of $20.0 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$.", "question": "What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the object from just after launch until it reaches its highest vertical position during flight?", "options": {"A": "13.7 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$", "B": "13.2 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$", "C": "10.0 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$", "D": "9.3 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$", "E": "8.7 $\\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4162, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "Satellite 1 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_1 = R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2 = 2R$. We let $v$ represent the speed of a satellite and $a$ represent the magnitude of a satellite's acceleration.", "question": "Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?", "options": {"A": "$v_2 = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2}}v_1$; $a_2 = \\frac{1}{4}a_1$", "B": "$v_2 = \\frac{1}{2}v_1$; $a_2 = \\frac{1}{4}a_1$", "C": "$v_2 = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2}}v_1$; $a_2 = \\frac{1}{2}a_1$", "D": "$v_2 = \\frac{1}{2}v_1$; $a_2 = \\frac{1}{2}a_1$", "E": "$v_2 = v_1$; $a_2 = \\frac{1}{2}a_1$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4163, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "waves", "context": "The position of a mass connected to a spring obeys $x(t) = A \\cos(\\omega t)$.", "question": "What is the average speed of the mass for one full oscillation in terms of the mass's maximum speed during oscillation, $v_{\\max}$?", "options": {"A": "$\\frac{2}{\\pi} v_{\\max}$", "B": "$\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2}} v_{\\max}$", "C": "$\\frac{1}{2} v_{\\max}$", "D": "$\\frac{\\sqrt{2}}{\\pi} v_{\\max}$", "E": "$\\frac{1}{2\\pi\\sqrt{2}} v_{\\max}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4164, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "On a frictionless horizontal surface, two bodies make a head-on collision and stick together. Body 1 has a mass of $3.50 \\text{ kg}$ and initially moves to the right with speed $7.0 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$. Body 2 initially is at rest. A graph of the force exerted onto Body 2 from Body 1 during the collision is shown.", "question": "How much kinetic energy was transformed to other kinds of energy from the collision?", "options": {"A": "67.1 $\\text{ J}$", "B": "52.6 $\\text{ J}$", "C": "42.9 $\\text{ J}$", "D": "38.2 $\\text{ J}$", "E": "30.0 $\\text{ J}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4165, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A spring scale reads $2.50 \\text{ N}$ when a small solid mass hangs from it in air. The spring scale reads $1.58 \\text{ N}$ when the mass at the end of the spring is completely submerged in a container of water.", "question": "Which one of the following choices best represents the density of the solid mass?", "options": {"A": "3.68 $\\times 10^3 \\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$", "B": "2.72 $\\times 10^3 \\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$", "C": "1.58 $\\times 10^3 \\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$", "D": "9.20 $\\times 10^2 \\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$", "E": "1.58 $\\times 10^2 \\frac{\\text{kg}}{\\text{m}^3}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4167, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "An object moving along a line completes a 20.0 second trip with an average speed of $10.0 \\text{ m/s}$ in two stages. During stage 1, the object moves with a constant velocity of $6.0 \\text{ m/s}$ to the right for 12.0 seconds.", "question": "What constant magnitude acceleration directed to the left must the object have during the 8.0 seconds of stage 2?", "options": {"A": "2.5 $\\text{ m/s}^2$", "B": "2.7 $\\text{ m/s}^2$", "C": "4.0 $\\text{ m/s}^2$", "D": "5.3 $\\text{ m/s}^2$", "E": "6.3 $\\text{ m/s}^2$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4176, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": null, "question": "Which one of the following choices is a vector quantity?", "options": {"A": "average speed", "B": "kinetic energy", "C": "mass", "D": "time", "E": "acceleration"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4177, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "thermal_physics", "context": null, "question": "At which one of the following temperatures does water undergo a phase change into a solid at a pressure of 1.0 atm?", "options": {"A": "273 K", "B": " $0^\\circ\\text{F}$ ", "C": " $32^\\circ\\text{C}$ ", "D": " $100^\\circ\\text{F}$ ", "E": "0 K"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4178, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": null, "question": "Which one of the following choices is most closely associated with the following observation about an isolated object: \"The linear momentum of the object is constant.\"?", "options": {"A": "Huygens' Principle", "B": "Kepler's First Law", "C": "Hooke's Law", "D": "Pascal's Principle", "E": "Newton's First Law"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4179, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A mass connected to an ideal spring oscillates with a period $T$ when it is released from rest at a position $A$ from equilibrium.", "question": "Which one of the following choices correctly identifies the period of oscillation for the mass connected to the same spring when it is released from rest at a position $2A$ from equilibrium?", "options": {"A": " $\\frac{1}{4}T$ ", "B": " $\\frac{1}{2}T$ ", "C": " $T$ ", "D": " $2T$ ", "E": " $4T$ "}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4180, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A $4.00 \\text{ kg}$ object moves to the right with speed $5.00 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ . A $5.00 \\text{ kg}$ object moves to the left with speed $3.00 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ . After colliding, the $4.00 \\text{ kg}$ object moves to the left with speed $1.00 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ .", "question": "What is the speed of the $5.00 \\text{ kg}$ object after the collision?", "options": {"A": " $1.00 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "B": " $1.80 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "C": " $3.00 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "D": " $4.11 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "E": " $7.80 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ "}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4181, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A 5.00 kg block slides with uniform acceleration on a horizontal surface for 5.00 s. The block's kinetic energy strictly decreases from 50.0 J to 20.0 J in this time.", "question": "What is the average speed of the block during the motion described?", "options": {"A": " $7.00 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "B": " $3.74 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "C": " $3.65 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "D": " $2.65 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "E": " $2.58 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}}$ "}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4182, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A 5.00 kg block slides with uniform acceleration on a horizontal surface for 5.00 s. The block's kinetic energy strictly decreases from 50.0 J to 20.0 J in this time.", "question": "Which one of the following choices best represents the magnitude of the block's acceleration during the motion described?", "options": {"A": " $3.43 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$ ", "B": " $2.40 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$ ", "C": " $1.20 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$ ", "D": " $0.329 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$ ", "E": " $0.232 \\frac{\\text{m}}{\\text{s}^2}$ "}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4183, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "modern_physics", "context": null, "question": "According to currently accepted theory, dark matter makes up approximately what percent of the Universe?", "options": {"A": "5 %", "B": "25 %", "C": "50 %", "D": "80 %", "E": "99 %"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4184, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A block is suspended in the air at the end of a string held by a person. The person pulls on the string uniformly accelerating the block upward for a short time.", "question": "During this time, which one of the following choices correctly identifies the Newton's Third Law pair force to the force of the string on the block?", "options": {"A": "the gravitational force from the Earth on the block", "B": "the force from the string on the person", "C": "the force from the person on the string", "D": "the force from the block on the string", "E": "the force from the person on the block"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4185, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "waves", "context": null, "question": "Which one of the following choices best represents the type of electromagnetic wave associated with a frequency of $10^{18} \\text{ Hz}$ ?", "options": {"A": "AM radio", "B": "microwaves", "C": "ultraviolet light", "D": "X rays", "E": "red light"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4186, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "experimental_physics", "context": "The following lengths are added together: $L_1 = 8.36 \\times 10^4 \\text{ m}$ , $L_2 = 9.20 \\times 10^2 \\text{ m}$ , $L_3 = 1.39 \\times 10^{-1} \\text{ m}$ , and $L_4 = 2.1 \\times 10^0 \\text{ m}$ .", "question": "How many significant digits are in the resulting sum?", "options": {"A": "2", "B": "3", "C": "4", "D": "5", "E": "7"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4187, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "A disk of radius 75.0 cm makes 3.5 revolutions when coming to rest in 2.50 s.", "question": "What was the initial angular speed of the disk?", "options": {"A": " $1.40 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "B": " $6.60 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "C": " $8.80 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "D": " $13.2 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ ", "E": " $17.6 \\frac{\\text{rad}}{\\text{s}}$ "}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4188, "assessment_program": "bowl", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "thermal_physics", "context": "An ideal gas at a temperature of \\(100^\\circ\\mathrm{C}\\) has \\(3.0\\ \\mathrm{mol}\\) of particles enclosed in a \\(5.0\\ \\mathrm{L}\\) container.", "question": "Which one of the following choices best represents the pressure of the gas?", "options": {"A": " $4.99 \\times 10^5 \\text{ Pa}$ ", "B": " $1.86 \\times 10^6 \\text{ Pa}$ ", "C": " $5.02 \\times 10^6 \\text{ Pa}$ ", "D": " $5.05 \\times 10^7 \\text{ Pa}$ ", "E": " $1.88 \\times 10^8 \\text{ Pa}$ "}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4572, "assessment_program": "naep", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "economics", "domain": "The National Economy", "context": null, "question": "Which of the following actions can the Federal Reserve take to reduce inflationary pressures in the United States?", "options": {"A": "Increase government spending", "B": "Increase the money supply", "C": "Increase interest rates", "D": "Increase taxes"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4573, "assessment_program": "naep", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "economics", "domain": "The Market Economy", "context": null, "question": "In a market economy, most decisions about which goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and who will consume them are made primarily by which of the following?", "options": {"A": "The national government", "B": "Industry planning groups", "C": "Local and state governments", "D": "Consumers and producers"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4614, "assessment_program": "naep", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Statistics and Probability", "context": null, "question": "Which of the following statements is NOT true about a well-designed survey?", "options": {"A": "The sample is intended to be representative of the target population.", "B": "The group being surveyed is sampled randomly.", "C": "The survey questions are designed to avoid bias.", "D": "The opinions of the group surveyed are accurately reflected in the results of the survey.", "E": "The opinions of the survey designer are accurately reflected in the results of the survey."}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["E"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4620, "assessment_program": "naep", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "mathematics", "domain": "Number and Quantity", "context": "A company assigns each of its products a unique identification number and stores the products in numerical order in a warehouse.", "question": "In which of the following warehouse locations would the product with identification number 89,746,321 be stored?", "options": {"A": "Location A: Identification numbers 80,000,000 to 88,999,999", "B": "Location B: Identification numbers 89,000,000 to 89,699,999", "C": "Location C: Identification numbers 89,700,000 to 89,739,999", "D": "Location D: Identification numbers 89,740,000 to 89,759,999", "E": "Location E: Identification numbers 89,760,000 to 89,999,999"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4644, "assessment_program": "ib", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Plant Biology", "context": null, "question": "What is the cause of positive phototropism?", "options": {"A": "Increased concentration of auxin on the side of the stem closest to the light", "B": "Degradation of auxin on the side of the stem closest to the light", "C": "Increased concentration of auxin on the side of the stem furthest from the light", "D": "Degradation of auxin on the side of the stem furthest from the light"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4649, "assessment_program": "ib", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Human Physiology", "context": null, "question": "How would the body respond to a rise above normal body temperature?", "options": {"A": "Type of feedback: positive; Response: increased secretion from sweat glands", "B": "Type of feedback: positive; Response: spread limbs to increase surface area", "C": "Type of feedback: negative; Response: vasodilation of skin blood vessels", "D": "Type of feedback: negative; Response: shivering"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4701, "assessment_program": "ib", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "bonding", "context": null, "question": "Which properties depend on the movement of the delocalized electrons in a metal?\nI. Electrical conductivity\nII. Thermal conductivity\nIII. Density", "options": {"A": "I and II only", "B": "I and III only", "C": "II and III only", "D": "I, II and III"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4702, "assessment_program": "ib", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "chemistry", "domain": "bonding", "context": null, "question": "Which substance, made from two elements with electronegativities $E_x$ and $E_y$ , is an alloy?", "options": {"A": "Average electronegativity: 2.5; Electronegativity difference: 2.5", "B": "Average electronegativity: 2.5; Electronegativity difference: 1.0", "C": "Average electronegativity: 3.5; Electronegativity difference: 0.2", "D": "Average electronegativity: 1.2; Electronegativity difference: 0.2"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4746, "assessment_program": "ib", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "physics", "domain": "mechanics", "context": "Planets X and Y orbit the same star.\n\nThe average distance between planet X and the star is five times greater than the average distance between planet Y and the star.", "question": "What is $\\frac{\\text{orbital period of planet X}}{\\text{orbital period of planet Y}}$?", "options": {"A": "$\\sqrt[3]{5}$", "B": "$\\sqrt{5}$", "C": "$\\sqrt[3]{5^2}$", "D": "$\\sqrt{5^3}$"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4747, "assessment_program": "ib", "assessment_stage": "standalone", "subject": "physics", "domain": "modern_physics", "context": null, "question": "What is the sequence for the evolution of a main sequence star of about 2 solar masses?", "options": {"A": "Red super giant $\\to$ supernova $\\to$ neutron star", "B": "Red giant $\\to$ planetary nebula $\\to$ white dwarf", "C": "Red giant $\\to$ supernova $\\to$ white dwarf", "D": "Red super giant $\\to$ planetary nebula $\\to$ neutron star"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4755, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "earth_science", "domain": "astronomy_and_space_science", "context": "Bellatrix, the third-brightest star in Orion has right ascension 5h 25m and declination $+6^{\\circ} 20'$. Further, the local sidereal time is 18:00. Given this data, answer the following three questions.", "question": "To the nearest hour, how long will it take for Bellatrix to be at the highest relative position in the night sky?", "options": {"1": "5 hours", "2": "6 hours", "3": "7 hours", "4": "8 hours", "5": "10 hours", "6": "11 hours", "7": "12 hours", "8": "13 hours"}, "option_labels": ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8"], "answer": ["6"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4783, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "earth_science", "domain": "astronomy_and_space_science", "context": "Tidal range and lunar phases", "question": "During which lunar phase is tidal range at its maximum?", "options": {"A": "New moon", "B": "First quarter", "C": "Third quarter", "D": "Waxing crescent"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["A"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4784, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "earth_science", "domain": "astronomy_and_space_science", "context": "Mercury and Venus orbit the sun in exactly circular orbits at distances of 0.35 AU and 0.72 AU respectively", "question": "Which of the following is the closest estimate to the maximum angular separation visible to an observer on Venus between Mercury and the sun?", "options": {"A": "24 degrees", "B": "30 degrees", "C": "45 degrees", "D": "90 degrees"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4785, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "earth_science", "domain": "astronomy_and_space_science", "context": "Mars, Earth, and the Sun align in July of 2019", "question": "When could one expect the planets to align again?", "options": {"A": "July 2020", "B": "April 2021", "C": "November 2021", "D": "January 2022"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4787, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "earth_science", "domain": "astronomy_and_space_science", "context": "Image of Io, one of Jupiter's moons, showing a volcanic eruption", "question": "Which of the following hypotheses is/are likely to explain the eruption pictured?", "options": {"A": "Subduction followed by flux melting and eruption", "B": "Orbital resonance resulting in strong tidal forces", "C": "A subsurface layer of water erupting as a geyser due to steam buildup", "D": "Fluctuations in atmospheric pressure resulting in flash steaming of subsurface water"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["B"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4878, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "earth_science", "domain": "astronomy_and_space_science", "context": "Venus has an orbital eccentricity of 0.21, the largest out of any planet in the Solar System. This results in Venus receiving more light from the Sun when at perihelion.", "question": "In which of the following ranges does the ratio of the amount of light Venus receives at perihelion to aphelion lie?", "options": {"A": "Between 1.0 and 1.4", "B": "Between 1.4 and 1.8", "C": "Between 1.8 and 2.2", "D": "Between 2.2 and 2.6", "E": "Greater than 2.6"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4879, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "final", "subject": "earth_science", "domain": "astronomy_and_space_science", "context": "Planetary equilibrium temperatures are critical for determining the potential habitability of a planet. If Earth's emissivity decreased from 0.95 to 0.9, its new albedo would need to lie in which of the following ranges to maintain a stable equilibrium temperature? Assume that Earth's current albedo is 0.3.", "question": "If Earth's emissivity decreased from 0.95 to 0.9, its new albedo would need to lie in which of the following ranges to maintain a stable equilibrium temperature?", "options": {"A": "Between 0.26 and 0.28", "B": "Between 0.28 and 0.30", "C": "Between 0.30 and 0.32", "D": "Between 0.32 and 0.34", "E": "Between 0.34 and 0.36"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D", "E"], "answer": ["D"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
| {"id": 4955, "assessment_program": "olympiad", "assessment_stage": "pre-qualifying", "subject": "earth_science", "domain": "atmosphere", "context": "The biggest effect that airplanes have on the climate is surprisingly not from $\\text{CO}_2$ emissions, but from generating long cirrus-like clouds known as contrails.", "question": "Which of the following effects on the radiative budget are the primary way by which contrails cause net warming?", "options": {"A": "Contrails reflect more shortwave radiation from the Sun than clear sky", "B": "Contrails absorb more shortwave radiation from the Sun than clear sky", "C": "Contrails radiate less longwave radiation to space than clear sky", "D": "Contrails radiate more longwave radiation to space than clear sky"}, "option_labels": ["A", "B", "C", "D"], "answer": ["C"], "split": "val", "num_answer_options": 1} |
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