| {"id": 11, "assessment_name": "AP", "assessment_type": "final", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Cell Biology", "context": "In eukaryotic microorganisms, the PHO signaling pathway regulates the expression of certain genes. These genes, *Pho* target genes, encode proteins involved in regulating phosphate homeostasis. When the level of extracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) is high, a transcriptional activator Pho4 is phosphorylated by a complex of two proteins, Pho80–Pho85. As a result, the *Pho* target genes are not expressed. When the level of extracellular Pi is low, the activity of the Pho80–Pho85 complex is inhibited by another protein, Pho81, enabling Pho4 to induce the expression of these target genes. A simplified model of this pathway is shown in Figure 1.", "image_context": "Figure 1. A simplified model of the regulation of expression of *Pho* target genes in (A) a high-phosphate (high-Pi) environment and (B) a low-phosphate (low-Pi) environment", "image": ["images/context_table_image__text_response/55d1dd03e1cad3e3743d11c3ea409bfa_3_img__ap_bio_2023__b804420c64.webp"], "table_context": "TABLE 1. APase ACTIVITY AND RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF *PHO1* mRNA IN WILD-TYPE AND MUTANT STRAINS OF YEAST IN HIGH- AND LOW-PHOSPHATE ENVIRONMENTS", "table": "| Yeast Strain | Mutation | APase Activity in High-Pi Environment (mU/mL/OD 600 ) \\pm 2SE_{\\bar{x}} | APase Activity in Low-Pi Environment (mU/mL/OD 600 ) \\pm 2SE_{\\bar{x}} | Relative Amounts of PHO1 mRNA in High-Pi Environment \\pm 2SE_{\\bar{x}} | Relative Amounts of PHO1 mRNA in Low-Pi Environment \\pm 2SE_{\\bar{x}} |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Wild-type | None | 0.5 \\pm 0.1 | 17.3 \\pm 0.9 | 0.1 \\pm 0.0 | 10 \\pm 2.0 |\n| pho81mt | Nonfunctional Pho81 | 0.4 \\pm 0.1 | 0.6 \\pm 0.1 | 0.7 \\pm 0.2 | 0.9 \\pm 0.8 |\n| pho4mt | Nonfunctional Pho4 | 0.5 \\pm 0.0 | 0.8 \\pm 0.2 | 0.6 \\pm 0.4 | 0.3 \\pm 0.1 |", "question": "Based on the data in Table 1, identify the yeast strain and growth conditions that lead to the highest relative amount of *PHO1* mRNA.", "answer": "Wild-type yeast in a low-Pi environment", "split": "val", "answer_type": "short_answer", "context_policy": "context_first_then_domain_knowledge"} |
| {"id": 44, "assessment_name": "AP", "assessment_type": "final", "subject": "EnvironmentalScience", "domain": "ecosystems", "context": "Wading birds are a group of large-bodied birds that inhabit coastal wetlands all over the world. Researchers monitored the number of wading bird species at four coastal locations experiencing rising sea levels over a 5-year period. The data are shown in the following table.", "image_context": "Common Tern Breeding Pairs and Increase in Sea Level, 1989–2008", "image": ["images/context_table_image__text_response/4f73863dcbb20f23d5a0cea5f2cb0c25_4_img__ap_env_2025set2__be0b43f31e.webp"], "table_context": "Sea Level Rise and Number of Wading Bird Species at Four Coastal Locations", "table": "| Year | Increase in Sea Level (m) | Location A | Location B | Location C | Location D |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | 0.05 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 4 |\n| 2 | 0.08 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 6 |\n| 3 | 0.10 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 |\n| 4 | 0.12 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 |\n| 5 | 0.15 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 8 |", "question": "Identify the dependent variable in this study.", "answer": "Number of wading bird species. Species richness of wading birds.", "split": "val", "answer_type": "brief_explanation", "context_policy": "context_first_then_domain_knowledge"} |
| {"id": 69, "assessment_name": "AP", "assessment_type": "final", "subject": "physics", "domain": "experimental_physics", "context": "Students determine the acceleration $a$ of a cart released from rest at the top of an inclined ramp. The $x$-axis is parallel to the ramp, has its origin at the top, and points down the ramp. The students measure position $x$ and time $t$.", "image_context": "Diagram of a cart on an inclined ramp. The $x$-axis is parallel to the ramp, with $x=0$ at the top and the positive direction down the ramp.", "image": ["images/context_table_image__text_response/511e60c042cf77193d19ff8c0c5a215d_3_img__AP_Physics_2023_Physics1_media_and_answers_completed__786b462794.webp"], "table_context": "Measured position $x$ and time $t$ data for the cart rolling down the ramp.", "table": "| | Position x (m) | Time t (s) | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | 0.06 | 0.39 | |\n| | 0.14 | 0.59 | |\n| | 0.24 | 0.77 | |\n| | 0.37 | 0.96 | |\n| | 0.55 | 1.20 | |", "question": "Indicate which quantities could be graphed to yield a straight line whose slope could be used to determine the acceleration a of the cart. You may use the remaining columns in the table, as needed, to record any quantities (including units) that are not already in the table.", "answer": "Vertical axis: position $x$. Horizontal axis: time squared $t^2$.", "split": "val", "answer_type": "equation_or_expression", "context_policy": "context_first_then_domain_knowledge"} |
| {"id": 82, "assessment_name": "ib", "assessment_type": "standalone", "subject": "biology", "domain": "Plant Biology", "context": "Duckweed (Lemna minor) is a small flowering plant that floats on water. Duckweed can reproduce rapidly using asexual reproduction, giving rise to dense populations. A group of students investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of population growth of duckweed. They set up three culture dishes using 500ml of filtered pond water with a pH of 7.0. The culture dishes were given a small starting population of plants and each dish was incubated at a fixed temperature (15, 20 or $25^{\\circ}\\mathrm{C}$ ). The number of duckweed plants in each dish was counted over several weeks. The data are summarized in the table.", "image_context": "The micrograph shows a transverse section of a leaf from a flowering plant.", "image": ["images/context_table_image__text_response/110_0__ib_biology_SL_paper_1B__3faa9dffa6.jpg"], "table_context": "The data are summarized in the table.", "table": "| Time / weeks | Number of plants at a given temperature | | |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | 15℃ ±1℃ | 20℃ ±1℃ | 25℃ ±1℃ |\n| 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 |\n| 1 | 10 | 14 | 15 |\n| 2 | 31 | 37 | 50 |\n| 3 | 38 | 76 | 80 |\n| 4 | 24 | 115 | 117 |\n| 5 | 23 | 168 | 177 |", "question": "Outline what indicates that temperature is the independent variable in this experiment. [1]", "answer": "actively varied / manipulated (by the experimenter) / OWTTE;", "split": "val", "answer_type": "short_answer", "context_policy": "context_first_then_domain_knowledge"} |
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