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a8534bb956d1-0 | What is it?
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a serious, highly contagious, respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.
What to look for
Pertussis can be very serious in young children, especially those under 6 months of age. It usually begins just like a cold, with a runny nose and sometimes a mild... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/pertussis-whooping-cough/index.html |
a8534bb956d1-1 | MVEC: Maternal Vaccination During Pregnancy
The RCH kids health info fact sheet
Authors: Mel Addison (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute), Rachael McGuire (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)
Reviewed by: Georgina Lewis (SAEFVIC Clinical Manager, Murdoch Children’s ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/pertussis-whooping-cough/index.html |
510b58528b83-0 | Prematurity, particularly extreme prematurity (< 28-weeks gestation) and low birth weight infants often have associated chronic (special risk) medical conditions. This can be associated with prolonged hospitalisation and frequent clinic visits. These are some of the reasons premature infants are at a greater risk of va... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/preterm-infant-immunisation/index.html |
510b58528b83-1 | Additional risk condition vaccine recommendations
Influenza vaccine should be given annually from 6 months of age
Meningococcal vaccines (MenB and MenACWY) are now funded under the NIP for people of all ages with medical conditions associated with the highest risk of invasive meningococcal disease
Resources:
ATAGI Clin... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/preterm-infant-immunisation/index.html |
510b58528b83-2 | MVEC: Special risk chapter of the Australian Immunisation Handbook
Authors: Nigel Crawford (Director SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute) and Rachael McGuire (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)
Reviewed by: Francesca Machingaifa (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/preterm-infant-immunisation/index.html |
ba16b0340018-0 | Background
The assessment of skin for clinical signs and symptoms is important when identifying adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). Most dermatological assessment guidelines commonly refer to the presentation of symptoms in patients with light skin tones.
The skin is one of the most complex organs in the body... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/identifying-aefi-in-diverse-skin-colour/index.html |
ba16b0340018-1 | In those with light skin tones, cyanosis will present as a bluish/purple hue. In patients with naturally yellow toned skin, cyanosis may cause a grayish-greenish appearance. In those with darker skin tones, cyanosis may be trickier to assess and may be observed as grey or white.
Following immunisation, cyanosis may occ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/identifying-aefi-in-diverse-skin-colour/index.html |
ba16b0340018-2 | Resources
Images
Instagram: Brown skin matters
Black and Brown skin: Mind the gap
Other resources
DermNetNZ: Ethnic dermatology
Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy: Urticaria
Ortonne, J. Normal and abnormal skin colour, Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie December 2021 (139):S125-S129
Sommers... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/identifying-aefi-in-diverse-skin-colour/index.html |
5ad0aa2de67d-0 | There are a variety of factors that need to be considered in relation to the vaccination of the older population. A gradual decline of the immune system occurs as people age (known as immunosenescence), impacting how the immune system responds to new infections, as well as the effectiveness of long-term immune memory. ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/elderly-population-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
5ad0aa2de67d-1 | Zostavax®
Zostavax® has been shown to reduce the incidence of developing shingles by up to 50%, as well as the incidence of PHN in those ≥ 60 years of age by 66%. It is currently funded under the National Immunisation Program (NIP) for persons aged 70 years, with a catch-up program for those aged 71–79 years also funde... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/elderly-population-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
5ad0aa2de67d-2 | Further guidance can be provided by reviewing the Australian Immunisation Handbook: Table. Live shingles vaccine (Zostavax) screening for contraindications or by contacting SAEFVIC prior to immunisation.
Pneumococcal vaccines
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) can manifest as meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia, with... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/elderly-population-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
5ad0aa2de67d-3 | Influenza vaccines
For older adults, and those with certain medical conditions (eg. chronic lung disease, cardiac disease, immunosuppression), influenza disease can cause serious morbidity and mortality. Annual influenza vaccination is strongly encouraged and it is available for free on the NIP for those ≥ 65 years of ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/elderly-population-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
5ad0aa2de67d-4 | Considerations for residents of residential aged care facilities (RACF)
Whilst every effort should be made to immunise residents of RACF at risk of vaccine preventable diseases like COVID-19 and influenza, it is important to monitor for adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs). Due to a high incidence of cognitive... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/elderly-population-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
5ad0aa2de67d-5 | Guidance for vaccination care of residents of Victorian Residential Aged Care Facilities
Aw D. Silva B. and Palmer D. Immunosenescence: emerging challenges for an ageing population Immunology 2007 Apr; 120(4): 435–446
Gustafson C. Kim C. Weyand C. Goronzy J Influence of immune aging on vaccine responses Journal of Alle... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/elderly-population-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
f60c0bd9ea3a-0 | The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) provides independent advice to the Minister for Health on the Immunise Australia Program and other related issues.
In addition to technical experts, ATAGI’s membership includes a consumer representative and general practitioners.
The Terms of Reference of ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/atagi-australian-technical-advisory-group-on-immunisation/index.html |
f60c0bd9ea3a-1 | Australian Government Department of Health: Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) COVID-19 Working Group
Author: Nigel Crawford (Director, SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)
Reviewed by: Francesca Machingaifa (MVEC Education Nurse Coordinator, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)
Da... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/atagi-australian-technical-advisory-group-on-immunisation/index.html |
39a1bd6b5bac-0 | Background
Many people may find the experience of having a needle an unpleasant one. However, for some people, the experience is much more difficult, presenting as a real phobia characterised by both severe and persistent anxiety and fear. As a result, this patient group often avoid needle-related experiences. This nee... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/needle-phobia/index.html |
39a1bd6b5bac-1 | needle phobia can be a lifelong problem if not treated appropriately.
Specialist phobia treatments
Specialist trained psychologists and more recently hypnotherapists have had significant success in giving an individual mechanisms and strategies to help overcome or manage their needle phobia. Considering either pathway ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/needle-phobia/index.html |
39a1bd6b5bac-2 | do not attempt to restrain the individual
older individuals with ASD can be very difficult to immunise due to significant needle phobias. Restraining these children can result in injury to the carer, child or health care provider
have a low threshold to refer to a specialist immunisation provider for sedation.
Distract... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/needle-phobia/index.html |
39a1bd6b5bac-3 | Paediatric services
The Royal Children’s Hospital – Referrals for this service can be sent to Nurse Practitioner Immunisation via [email protected]
Monash Health – Referrals can be submitted as a HealthLink referral
Family Immunisation and Travel Specialists (FITS) – To make an appointment please call (03) 9508 6000.
A... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/needle-phobia/index.html |
39a1bd6b5bac-4 | A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/needle-phobia/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-0 | What is it?
Meningococcal disease constitutes any illness caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. There are 13 known sub-types (serogroups) and of these, 5 are currently vaccine preventable (B and A, C, W, Y).
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) can cause meningitis (inflammation of the membrane covering the br... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-1 | Epidemiology
Children < 2 years of age have the highest incidence of meningococcal disease in Australia, with another peak of disease among adolescents and young adults (15-24 years). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have a much greater burden of disease than non-Indigenous people.
There are also certain me... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-2 | Meningococcal ACWY primary course and booster doses for healthy individualsPrimary course
Vaccine brand Course commenced at 6 weeks to ≤ 5 months of age Course commenced at 6 months to ≤ 11 months of age Course commenced at 12 months to ≤ 23 months of age Course commenced at ≥ 2 years of age Nimenrix®†3 doses (minimum ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-3 | Meningococcal ACWY primary course and booster doses for those at increased risk of IMDIndividuals with specified medical conditions that increase the risk of IMD are recommended and funded to receive additional meningococcal vaccines and booster doses. These groups include:
those with defects in, or deficiency of compl... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-4 | † there is no registered upper age limit for the use of Menveo® or Nimenrix®.
¥ completing the course with the same vaccine brand is preferred but may not always be practical. The NIP funded 12 month dose of Nimenrix® may be used as the booster dose for those who have commenced the course at < 12 months of age.
Booster... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-5 | Paracetamol advice
It is widely recognised that children receiving Bexsero® are more likely to experience fever following vaccination. It is for this reason that children < 4 years of age are recommended to receive prophylactic paracetamol (15mg/kg per dose) 30 minutes prior to vaccination (or as soon as possible after... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-6 | N/A- not recommended in this age group.
Booster doses
Further booster doses of meningococcal B vaccines are not routinely recommended for healthy individuals.
Meningococcal B primary course and booster doses for those with increased risk of IMDIndividuals with specified medical conditions that increase the risk of IMD ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-7 | Primary course
Vaccine brand Course commenced at 6 weeks to ≤ 5 months of age Course commenced at 6 months to ≤ 11 months of age Course commenced at 12 months to ≤ 9 years of age Course commenced at ≥ 10 years of age Bexsero®†4 doses (minimum 8 weeks apart, with the 4th dose given at ≥ 12 months of age/more than 8 week... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-8 | N/A- not recommended in this age group.
Booster doses§
Vaccine brand Where the primary course was completed at ≤ 6 years of age Where the primary course was completed at ≥ 7 years to ≤ 9 years of age Where the primary course was completed at ≥ 7 years of age Bexsero®†Give a single booster dose 3 years after completing... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
009225b6f5a5-9 | Reviewed by: Rachael McGuire (MVEC Education Nurse Coordinator) and Nigel Crawford (Director SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)
Date: July 4, 2023
Materials in this section are updated as new information and vaccines become available. The Melbourne Vaccine Education Centre (MVEC) staff regularly reviews ma... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/meningococcal/index.html |
18bc567d1f5b-0 | What is it?
COVID-19 disease is caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, a type of coronavirus discovered in 2019 that spread rapidly resulting in a global pandemic. Multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2 have since emerged and public health authorities continue to monitor these. The Omicron strain is currently the mo... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/comirnaty/index.html |
18bc567d1f5b-1 | Some individuals can experience ongoing symptoms for weeks or months after their initial diagnosis, this is known as long COVID or post-COVID conditions. Symptoms can include extreme fatigue, post-exertional malaise, dyspnoea, chest pain, palpitations, fever, arthralgia (joint pain), paresthesia (pins and needles), ras... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/comirnaty/index.html |
18bc567d1f5b-2 | How is it transmitted?
Transmission of COVID-19 is through the inhalation of virus particles which have been made airborne after an infected person coughs, sneezes, breathes, speaks or sings. Droplets or particles can contaminate surfaces and can be spread when a person touches these surfaces and then touches their nos... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/comirnaty/index.html |
18bc567d1f5b-3 | Primary course
A primary course of vaccination is recommended for all individuals from 5 years of age. Immune competent (those with a functioning immune system) individuals should receive 2 doses given 8 weeks apart, whereas those with immunocompromise should receive 3 doses, with 8 weeks between each dose.
Children ag... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/comirnaty/index.html |
18bc567d1f5b-4 | Vaccines brands available for use by age group
Age group Vaccine brand Comirnaty (Pfizer- original) [maroon cap] Comirnaty (Pfizer- original) [orange cap] Comirnaty (Pfizer- original) [purple cap] Comirnaty (Pfizer bivalent- original/BA.1) [grey cap] Comirnaty (Pfizer bivalent- original/BA.4/5) [grey cap] Spikevax (Mod... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/comirnaty/index.html |
18bc567d1f5b-5 | Rare side effects
Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the lining around the heart) are rare conditions that have been reported following administration of COVID-19 vaccines. They are most commonly associated with viral infections (including COVID-19 disease) but can also b... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/comirnaty/index.html |
18bc567d1f5b-6 | Where can I access COVID-19 vaccines?COVID-19 vaccines can be accessed through GP clinics, some pharmacies (for vaccine recipients aged ≥ 5 years) and hospital immunisation services at Monash Children’s Hospital, the Royal Children’s Hospital and Joan Kirner Women’s and Children’s Hospital (Sunshine). To find your clos... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/comirnaty/index.html |
18bc567d1f5b-7 | How do we complete a primary course of vaccination for children aged 6 months - ≤ 4 years who commenced their course with Spikevax (Moderna) `{`original/ancestral`}` now that it is no longer available?Immune competent children who commenced their primary course with 1 dose of Spikevax (Moderna), can complete their prim... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/comirnaty/index.html |
18bc567d1f5b-8 | You should not consider the information in this site to be specific, professional medical advice for your personal health or for your family’s personal health. For medical concerns, including decisions about vaccinations, medications and other treatments, you should always consult a healthcare professional.
A B C D E F... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/comirnaty/index.html |
53fbcd1e96ee-0 | As Australia aims to roll out a COVID-19 vaccine to everyone age eligible, it means that a number of individuals may experience a serious adverse event following immunisation (AEFI). Supporting these vaccinees is important and providing compensation to individuals who have experienced a vaccine injury is a strategy tha... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/covid-19-vaccine-compensation-scheme/index.html |
53fbcd1e96ee-1 | Which vaccines are covered under this scheme?
All TGA approved COVID-19 vaccines are covered under this scheme. Comirnaty (Pfizer), Spikevax (Moderna), Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) and Nuvaxovid (Novavax) are currently in use within Australia;. COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen is also approved by the TGA however is not in use in Au... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/covid-19-vaccine-compensation-scheme/index.html |
53fbcd1e96ee-2 | You should not consider the information in this site to be specific, professional medical advice for your personal health or for your family’s personal health. For medical concerns, including decisions about vaccinations, medications and other treatments, you should always consult a healthcare professional.
A B C D E... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/covid-19-vaccine-compensation-scheme/index.html |
76c7c2365293-0 | Rituximab is becoming a frequently used treatment option for many patients with complex medical needs, including in oncology and rheumatology. It is an immune suppressive medication which greatly impacts the production and functionality of immune cells, including the near complete depletion of B-cells. Once treatment w... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/rituximab-and-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
76c7c2365293-1 | The exception to this, may be for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. Some studies have indicated that a partial immune response to the influenza vaccine in patients receiving rituximab therapy may occur. For this reason MVEC recommends that patients continue to be immunised against influenza whilst on therapy and receive... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/rituximab-and-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
76c7c2365293-2 | Serology
There is no need to check serology pre- or post-rituximab therapy. There is currently no established immune correlate of protection for COVID-19.
Patients should be aware of their immune suppression and avoid potential exposures to vaccine preventable diseases. The need to continue preventative measures such a... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/rituximab-and-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
76c7c2365293-3 | Australian Immunisation Handbook: Post exposure prophylaxis for people non-immune to tetanus
Cheng D, Barton R, Greenway A, Crawford N Rituximab and protection from vaccine preventable diseases; applying the evidence to pediatric patients. Expert Review of Vaccines 2016 Volume 15(12): 1567-1574
Authors: Rachael McGuire... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/rituximab-and-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
7c99d9cba3a1-0 | Most vaccines available for use in Australia are administered via intramuscular or subcutaneous route, with several being administered intradermally or orally. Administering vaccines via the recommended route and using correct technique is of paramount importance to ensure optimal immune response, minimise side effects... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/administration-of-injected-vaccines-correct-technique/index.html |
7c99d9cba3a1-1 | OralOral vaccines activate immune cells in the mucousal membranes lining the gastrointestinal tract which is beneficial in protecting against diseases that affect the gut.
Depending on the vaccine, oral vaccines can come in either tablet or liquid formulation. Liquid vaccines recommended for oral administration should ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/administration-of-injected-vaccines-correct-technique/index.html |
7c99d9cba3a1-2 | In some circumstances where the thigh cannot be used (e.g. congenital limb malformations, active eczema or hip brace placement) the deltoid may be used (refer to the recommended site for injection in children ≥ 12 months for guidance).
Recommended site for injection in children ≥ 12 months of age, adolescents and adult... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/administration-of-injected-vaccines-correct-technique/index.html |
7c99d9cba3a1-3 | Intradermal injection
Recommended sites for intradermal injection in any ageThe recommended sites for intradermal administration are the volar (inner) surface of the mid-forearm or over the deltoid region over where the deltoid muscle inserts into the humerus.
The deltoid region on the left arm is specifically recommen... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/administration-of-injected-vaccines-correct-technique/index.html |
7c99d9cba3a1-4 | §This is the recommended site to minimise the risk of keloid formation
¥Refer to MVEC: Hepatitis B for more information on the management of non-responders
Intradermal vaccination technique
Use a short (10mm) 26-27 gauge needle with a short bevel and a 1ml insulin syringe
Wear protective eye wear when administering BCG... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/administration-of-injected-vaccines-correct-technique/index.html |
7c99d9cba3a1-5 | Recommended needle size, length and angle for administering vaccines
Age or size of the patient Needle type Angle of needle insertion Infant, child or adult for IM injection 22 – 25 gauge, 25mm in length Preterm infant or very small infant for IM injection 23 – 25 gauge, 16mm in length Very large/obese patient for IM i... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/administration-of-injected-vaccines-correct-technique/index.html |
7c99d9cba3a1-6 |
Older children, adolescents and adultsIt is recommended that older children, adolescents and adults sit in a straight-backed chair with their feet on the floor for vaccine administration. Providers should encourage the vaccine recipient to relax their forearms and rest their hands on their upper thighs, keeping thei... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/administration-of-injected-vaccines-correct-technique/index.html |
5aca82c19f5d-0 | Some families have concerns around the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and the diagnosis of autism. At MVEC we encourage parents to find the best available evidence to help them make a decision around vaccinating their child. The MMR live-attenuated vaccine is recommended on the National Immunisation Program at 12-... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/mmr-vaccine-and-autism/index.html |
5aca82c19f5d-1 | A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/mmr-vaccine-and-autism/index.html |
f4197ff03f7f-0 | Background
Like any medication in development, vaccine candidates must undergo rigorous testing procedures and scientific evaluation to prove not only their effect on the targeted disease, but also to determine their safety, before being licensed and registered for use in vaccination programs. In Australia, the Therape... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/vaccine-development-and-safety/index.html |
f4197ff03f7f-1 | A vaccine must pass all of these phases before it is registered for use by the TGA. Previously, approval of vaccines could take up to 10 years. However, the process has been streamlined throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and can now be completed in under 12 months, noting all of the appropriate clinical phase trials and ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/vaccine-development-and-safety/index.html |
f4197ff03f7f-2 | Provisional approval
Provisional approval has been the formal pathway used in Australia for speeding up access to COVID-19 vaccine candidates using preliminary clinical data. The provisional pathway allows for the temporary registration of promising medicines or vaccines based on early data, where the benefits of early... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/vaccine-development-and-safety/index.html |
f4197ff03f7f-3 | Australian Academy of Science: How are vaccines shown to be safe?
The International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities: ICMRA statement about confidence in vaccine safety and effectiveness (for healthcare professionals)
The International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities: ICMRA statement about co... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/vaccine-development-and-safety/index.html |
8ac3db22921e-0 | Drive-through immunisation clinics are an alternative venue for supporting vaccine delivery. A drive-through clinic can assist members of the community to continue to receive recommended immunisations whilst maintaining physical distancing.
A drive-through clinic may not be a setting that is recommended for all patient... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/drive-through-immunisation-clinics/index.html |
8ac3db22921e-1 | Staff may include nurse immunisers, as well as medical and administrative personnel.
The cold chain
Storage of vaccines in a drive-through clinic setting must comply with the cold chain recommendations set out by the vaccine manufacturer. The time between vaccines being removed from purpose-built vaccine fridges to be... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/drive-through-immunisation-clinics/index.html |
8ac3db22921e-2 | ATAGI Clinical Statement on Vaccination Observation Time
ATAGI statement on considerations for establishing drive-through COVID-19 vaccination clinic sites
Authors: Francesca Machingaifa (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute) and Rachael McGuire (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Resea... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/drive-through-immunisation-clinics/index.html |
9739abf80c3a-0 | Background
In order to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs, people who have undergone a solid organ transplant require varying doses of immune suppressive medication. Once a patient is immune suppressed, seroprotection gained from immunisation may be suboptimal and therefore additional doses of vaccines may be... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/solid-organ-transplant-recipient/index.html |
9739abf80c3a-1 | MVEC: Meningococcal disease and vaccines
Authors: Nigel Crawford (Director, SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute) and Rachael McGuire (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)
Reviewed by: Rachael McGuire (MVEC Education Nurse Coordinator) and Annie Cobbledick (Immunisation Pharmacist, t... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/solid-organ-transplant-recipient/index.html |
973567293903-0 | Background
Children with neutropenia are at increased risk of bacterial and fungal infections. Preventing infections is this group is therefore a priority and we should be aiming to protect these children against vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) according to the National Immunisation Program (NIP).
There is a lack o... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/neutropenia-vaccine-recommendations-for-children-with-chronic-neutropenia/index.html |
973567293903-1 | Live bacterial vaccines (including the BCG vaccine) are contraindicated in patients who are immunocompromised including those with some phagocytic cell defects. This is due to an increased risk of vaccine associated adverse events in this group.
Our recommendations are based on these international guidelines and local ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/neutropenia-vaccine-recommendations-for-children-with-chronic-neutropenia/index.html |
973567293903-2 | In patients for whom the neutropenia is expected to be transient, or further investigation is planned in the near future (e.g. bone marrow examination or molecular studies), consideration should be given to delaying live-attenuated viral vaccines until this information is available.
Live-attenuated viral vaccines are c... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/neutropenia-vaccine-recommendations-for-children-with-chronic-neutropenia/index.html |
973567293903-3 | Authors: Luisa Clucas (Clinical Haematology Registrar, Royal Children’s Hospital), Anthea Greenway (Head of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children’s Hospital), Theresa Cole (Consultant, Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children’s Hospital), and Nigel Crawford (Director SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)
Date: A... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/neutropenia-vaccine-recommendations-for-children-with-chronic-neutropenia/index.html |
e37a4822d62b-0 | What is it?
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the second most common form of vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) in childhood, affecting 200-300 Australian children every year. It mostly occurs in children aged under 5, with some rare cases affecting older children or adults. KD is a collection of symptoms including pers... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/kawasaki-disease-and-immunisation/index.html |
e37a4822d62b-1 | Live-attenuated vaccines such as measles-mumps-rubella-varicella and measles-mumps-rubella must be delayed 11 months following the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) as the transfusion of IVIg can affect the immune response to the vaccine.
Resources
MVEC: Live-attenuated vaccines and immunoglobulins or... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/kawasaki-disease-and-immunisation/index.html |
779ef0289a98-0 | Immunisation assessment is an extremely important aspect of healthcare during pregnancy. When planning a pregnancy, talk to your health care provider about any vaccines you might need beforehand. Live-attenuated vaccines should be given at least a month before conception.
Recommended vaccines
Influenza, pertussis and C... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/maternal-vaccination-during-pregnancy/index.html |
779ef0289a98-1 | Maternal antibodies against pertussis provide protection for babies until they have at least received 2 doses of their own pertussis containing vaccine (given at 6-weeks and 4-months of age). Babies less than 6-months of age are at greatest risk of severe disease and death from pertussis.
COVID-19 vaccines
Due to an in... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/maternal-vaccination-during-pregnancy/index.html |
779ef0289a98-2 | Contraindicated vaccines
All live-attenuated vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential risk to the unborn baby [see Table 1 below]. In most circumstances the risk is hypothetical however, there is insufficient evidence to support vaccination in this patient group. The limited safety data from i... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/maternal-vaccination-during-pregnancy/index.html |
779ef0289a98-3 | Amirthalingam, G. et al Effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in England: an observational study The Lancet October 2014 384(9953) 1521-1528
Steedman, M. et al Strategies to boost maternal immunization to achieve further gains in improved maternal and newborn health Health Affairs 2016 (35)309-316
Australian ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/maternal-vaccination-during-pregnancy/index.html |
99cbdc91a09b-0 | Background
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder, primarily affecting the lungs as well as the pancreas, liver, kidneys and intestines. In patients with CF, the cells that are responsible for producing mucous, sweat and other fluids are impaired. As a result of this, secretions become thick and sticky, impacting ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/cystic-fibrosis-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
99cbdc91a09b-1 | Pneumococcal
Prevenar 13® (pneumococcal conjugate) should be given 6 weeks, 4 months, 6 months (additional dose) and 12 months.
A dose of Pneumovax® 23 (pneumococcal polysaccharide) should be should be given at 4 years of age. A second dose should then be given at least 5 years later.
Further booster vaccines are requi... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/cystic-fibrosis-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
99cbdc91a09b-2 | DHHS: Immunisation schedule Victoria and vaccine eligibility criteria
Authors: Rachael McGuire (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute) Nigel Crawford (Director SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute) and Nadine Henare (Nurse Coordinator- Immunisation, The Royal Children’s Hospital)
Revie... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/cystic-fibrosis-immunisation-recommendations/index.html |
461bce7eb815-0 | What is it?
Diphtheria is a rare but potentially life-threatening acute illness caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. This bacteria can produce a potent toxin which causes serious disease. It mostly commonly causes an acute respiratory illness characterised by a “pseudo membrane” which forms over the phar... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/diphtheria/index.html |
461bce7eb815-1 | Humans are the only known reservoir for diphtheria.
Epidemiology
In the pre-vaccine era, young children (< 10 years old) were at highest risk for contracting diphtheria. Diphtheria previously represented one of the leading causes of death in childhood, with an associated mortality rate of 5-10%.
Diphtheria is now rare... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/diphtheria/index.html |
461bce7eb815-2 | CDC: Diphtheria
AIHW: Diphtheria in Australia
Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care: Changes to the National Immunisation Program schedule from July 1 2023
Authors: Julia Smith (RCH Immunisation Fellow) and Rachael McGuire (MVEC Education Nurse Coordinator)
Reviewed by: Rachael McGuire (MVEC Educatio... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/diphtheria/index.html |
08fba296cbef-0 | What is it?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double stranded DNA virus that can infect both men and women. It can affect a person’s anogenital or respiratory tract. There are more than 100 known sub-types of HPV, with 40 of them affecting the anogenital region.
What to look for
Most people infected with HPV show no acut... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/human-papillomavirus-hpv/index.html |
08fba296cbef-1 | Genital HPVs are transmitted through sexual contact. Risks of exposure to HPV can be related to the number of sexual partners a person has had. Condoms can reduce the risk of transmission of genital HPVs, however, do not eliminate risk entirely.
Infected mothers can transmit the virus to their newborn during delivery r... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/human-papillomavirus-hpv/index.html |
08fba296cbef-2 | ATAGI further recommends that males ≥ 26 years of age who are at high risk of disease, as well as immunocompromised individuals of any age, are also vaccinated. Gardasil®9 is registered for use in both males and females up to the age of 45 years. Cervarix® is registered for use in females only up to 45 years of age.
Im... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/human-papillomavirus-hpv/index.html |
08fba296cbef-3 | I received 1 dose in 2022 and am due for dose 2, do I still need this?With 1 dose of Gardasil® 9 considered a complete schedule from February 6 2023, anyone immune competent aged 25 years or less who has previously only received 1 dose is now considered up to date and there is no need for further doses. This up to date... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/human-papillomavirus-hpv/index.html |
08fba296cbef-4 | Resources
The Australian Immunisation handbook: Human papillomavirus
Immunisation against infectious diseases (UK): Human papillomavirus chapter
Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care: HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine
News: Changes to HPV vaccine dose schedules for young Australians_ 6 February 2023... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/human-papillomavirus-hpv/index.html |
69d36301be21-0 | What is it?
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a serious, highly contagious, respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.
What to look for
Pertussis can be very serious in young children, especially those under 6 months of age. It usually begins just like a cold, with a runny nose and sometimes a mild... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/whooping-cough/index.html |
69d36301be21-1 | MVEC: Maternal Vaccination During Pregnancy
The RCH kids health info fact sheet
Authors: Mel Addison (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute), Rachael McGuire (SAEFVIC Research Nurse, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute)
Reviewed by: Georgina Lewis (SAEFVIC Clinical Manager, Murdoch Children’s ... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/whooping-cough/index.html |
b200ac34b796-0 | What is it?
COVID-19 disease is caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, a type of coronavirus discovered in 2019 that spread rapidly resulting in a global pandemic. Multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2 have since emerged and public health authorities continue to monitor these. The Omicron strain is currently the mo... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/moderna-covid-19-vaccine/index.html |
b200ac34b796-1 | Some individuals can experience ongoing symptoms for weeks or months after their initial diagnosis, this is known as long COVID or post-COVID conditions. Symptoms can include extreme fatigue, post-exertional malaise, dyspnoea, chest pain, palpitations, fever, arthralgia (joint pain), paresthesia (pins and needles), ras... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/moderna-covid-19-vaccine/index.html |
b200ac34b796-2 | How is it transmitted?
Transmission of COVID-19 is through the inhalation of virus particles which have been made airborne after an infected person coughs, sneezes, breathes, speaks or sings. Droplets or particles can contaminate surfaces and can be spread when a person touches these surfaces and then touches their nos... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/moderna-covid-19-vaccine/index.html |
b200ac34b796-3 | Primary course
A primary course of vaccination is recommended for all individuals from 5 years of age. Immune competent (those with a functioning immune system) individuals should receive 2 doses given 8 weeks apart, whereas those with immunocompromise should receive 3 doses, with 8 weeks between each dose.
Children ag... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/moderna-covid-19-vaccine/index.html |
b200ac34b796-4 | Vaccines brands available for use by age group
Age group Vaccine brand Comirnaty (Pfizer- original) [maroon cap] Comirnaty (Pfizer- original) [orange cap] Comirnaty (Pfizer- original) [purple cap] Comirnaty (Pfizer bivalent- original/BA.1) [grey cap] Comirnaty (Pfizer bivalent- original/BA.4/5) [grey cap] Spikevax (Mod... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/moderna-covid-19-vaccine/index.html |
b200ac34b796-5 | Rare side effects
Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the lining around the heart) are rare conditions that have been reported following administration of COVID-19 vaccines. They are most commonly associated with viral infections (including COVID-19 disease) but can also b... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/moderna-covid-19-vaccine/index.html |
b200ac34b796-6 | Where can I access COVID-19 vaccines?COVID-19 vaccines can be accessed through GP clinics, some pharmacies (for vaccine recipients aged ≥ 5 years) and hospital immunisation services at Monash Children’s Hospital, the Royal Children’s Hospital and Joan Kirner Women’s and Children’s Hospital (Sunshine). To find your clos... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/moderna-covid-19-vaccine/index.html |
b200ac34b796-7 | How do we complete a primary course of vaccination for children aged 6 months - ≤ 4 years who commenced their course with Spikevax (Moderna) `{`original/ancestral`}` now that it is no longer available?Immune competent children who commenced their primary course with 1 dose of Spikevax (Moderna), can complete their prim... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/moderna-covid-19-vaccine/index.html |
b200ac34b796-8 | You should not consider the information in this site to be specific, professional medical advice for your personal health or for your family’s personal health. For medical concerns, including decisions about vaccinations, medications and other treatments, you should always consult a healthcare professional.
A B C D E F... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/moderna-covid-19-vaccine/index.html |
b4cbb5cde4da-0 | Background
The Australian Academy of Science is a not-for profit organisation whose aim is to provide independent and factual information, promote public trust and understanding of science, and support global scientific collaboration. Members of the Academy have been elected for their exceptional contributions to scien... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/australian-academy-of-science/index.html |
53fd6db4ff6b-0 | What is it?
Polio (poliomyelitis) is caused by a gastrointestinal (gut) infection with one of 3 types of polioviruses (serotypes 1, 2 or 3). Polioviruses are RNA enteroviruses from the Picornaviridae family.
Once an individual is infected, the poliovirus replicates in the gut and enters the bloodstream via lymphoid tis... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/polio/index.html |
53fd6db4ff6b-1 | Epidemiology
Polio infection predominantly occurs in children with the greatest burden of disease affecting those less than 5 years of age (80-90% of cases).
Global vaccination programs and high rates of immunisation have shown great success with the near eradication of wild polio worldwide. A total of 350,000 infectio... | mvec.mcri.edu.au/references/polio/index.html |
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