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118,228 | 117,886 | 57310b70497a881900248b24 | generic | The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of ... | The rituals for the correct way to enjoy Mass is listed in what text ? | {'text': 'The Roman Missal', 'answer_start': 0} |
15,035 | 14,693 | 56dfc0ae231d4119001abd95 | generic | Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. | Who does an ISP pay for internet access? | {'text': 'upstream ISPs', 'answer_start': 74} |
7,858 | 7,516 | 5a593aad3e1742001a15d032 | generic | Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. The Human Genome Project was organized to map and to sequence the human genome. A fundamental step in the project... | What is a Genoscope less detailed than? | {'text': 'a genome sequence', 'answer_start': 147} |
111,073 | 110,731 | 5ace96bf32bba1001ae4ab4e | generic | The printed circuit board industry defines heavy copper as layers exceeding three ounces of copper, or approximately 0.0042 inches (4.2 mils, 105 μm) thick. PCB designers and fabricators often use heavy copper when design and manufacturing circuit boards in order to increase current-carrying capacity as well as resista... | PCB designers and fabricators often use light copper when? | {'text': 'design and manufacturing circuit boards in order to increase current-carrying capacity as well as resistance to thermal strains', 'answer_start': 215} |
69,099 | 68,757 | 5a45694f19a820001a1eda66 | generic | Canada also permits a variety of charities (including public and private foundations). Charitable status is granted by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) upon application by a nonprofit; charities are allowed to issue income tax receipts to donors, must spend a certain percentage of their assets (including cash, investmen... | How do donors keep their assets? | {'text': 'file annual reports', 'answer_start': 345} |
128,804 | 128,462 | 5a68ba408476ee001a58a7c6 | generic | There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is... | What does the Chief Minister send to the Chief Secretary? | {'text': 'reports', 'answer_start': 381} |
127,475 | 127,133 | 573368a6d058e614000b5a6f | generic | There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills... | The windward side of St. Barts is popular for what type of activity? | {'text': 'windsurfing', 'answer_start': 370} |
70,061 | 69,719 | 5726fd98708984140094d7d4 | generic | The Logic and Metaphysics have been extensively reprinted, the latter, e.g., at Venice in 1493, 1495, and 1546. Some of his shorter essays on medicine, logic, etc., take a poetical form (the poem on logic was published by Schmoelders in 1836).[citation needed] Two encyclopaedic treatises, dealing with philosophy, are o... | What is the shorter form of Al-Shifa called? | {'text': 'the An-najat', 'answer_start': 732} |
16,129 | 15,787 | 56e19e9ccd28a01900c67a23 | generic | In the absence of atmospheric oxygen (O
2), in deep geological conditions prevailing far away from Earth atmosphere, hydrogen (H
2) is produced during the process of serpentinization by the anaerobic oxidation by the water protons (H+) of the ferrous (Fe2+) silicate present in the crystal lattice of the fayalite (Fe
2S... | Where do you find silicate? | {'text': 'crystal lattice of the fayalite', 'answer_start': 282} |
11,499 | 11,157 | 56de7aaa4396321400ee294a | generic | Postwar broadcast coverage was extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, and by the mid-1950s most of the country was covered, transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF.[original research?] | On what frequency band was the BBC broadcasting in thie 1950s? | {'text': 'VHF', 'answer_start': 223} |
48,289 | 47,947 | 571ab7b210f8ca1400305311 | generic | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | What was a complication of the SV40 virus? | {'text': 'cause tumors', 'answer_start': 814} |
3,607 | 3,265 | 56cec9e1aab44d1400b88a63 | generic | On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort. The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities. During the weekend, the US sent into China two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which incl... | Who did the US share the satellite images with? | {'text': 'Chinese authorities', 'answer_start': 201} |
5,531 | 5,189 | 56d1be69e7d4791d00902101 | generic | Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddh... | Invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas is in what tradition? | {'text': 'Mahayana', 'answer_start': 968} |
42,268 | 41,926 | 570d7143fed7b91900d46115 | generic | Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, no... | It is also argued that Napoleon III thought a war would resolve the growing issue of what? | {'text': 'domestic political problems', 'answer_start': 271} |
89,760 | 89,418 | 5ad403fd604f3c001a3ffdaf | generic | Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States and has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the Aleutian Islands extend into the eastern hemisphere. Alaska is the only non-contiguous U.S. state on continental North America; about 500 miles (800 km) of British Columbia (Canada)... | What isn't Alaska's capital city? | {'text': 'Juneau', 'answer_start': 542} |
58,689 | 58,347 | 5ad0c7df645df0001a2d0300 | generic | All major cities have their distinctive local department stores, which anchored the downtown shopping district until the arrival of the malls in the 1960s. Washington, for example, after 1887 had Woodward & Lothrop and Garfinckel's starting in 1905. Garfield's went bankrupt in 1990, as did Woodward & Lothrop in 1994. B... | When did Garfinckel's end operating in Washington? | {'text': '1905', 'answer_start': 244} |
45,818 | 45,476 | 571043a1a58dae1900cd698e | generic | John Locke, one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers, based his governance philosophy in social contract theory, a subject that permeated Enlightenment political thought. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ushered in this new debate with his work Leviathan in 1651. Hobbes also developed some of the fundame... | What did John Locke base his governance philosphy in? | {'text': 'social contract theory', 'answer_start': 99} |
18,473 | 18,131 | 5acd3d4907355d001abf39eb | generic | The Estonian dialects are divided into two groups – the northern and southern dialects, historically associated with the cities of Tallinn in the north and Tartu in the south, in addition to a distinct kirderanniku dialect, that of the northeastern coast of Estonia. | What city is south of Tartu? | {'text': 'Tallinn', 'answer_start': 131} |
113,436 | 113,094 | 572fef5e947a6a140053ce25 | generic | A famous example of Arabic poetry and Persian poetry on romance (love) is Layla and Majnun, dating back to the Umayyad era in the 7th century. It is a tragic story of undying love much like the later Romeo and Juliet, which was itself said to have been inspired by a Latin version of Layla and Majnun to an extent. Ferdo... | Which era is Layla and Majnun from? | {'text': 'Umayyad era', 'answer_start': 111} |
24,181 | 23,839 | 56f968f09e9bad19000a08e3 | generic | Due to its very low elevation, the Marshall Islands are threatened by the potential effects of sea level rise. According to the president of Nauru, the Marshall Islands are the most endangered nation in the world due to flooding from climate change. | Why are the Marshall Islands the most endangered nation on Earth? | {'text': 'flooding from climate change', 'answer_start': 220} |
80,320 | 79,978 | 5a68ee988476ee001a58a8b0 | generic | In the middle of the 17th century, the peasant rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong (1606–1646) from Yan'an, Shanxi Province, nicknamed Yellow Tiger, led his peasant troop from north China to the south, and conquered Sichuan. Upon capturing it, he declared himself emperor of the Daxi Dynasty (大西王朝). In response to the resistan... | What was the nickname revel leader Daxi Dynasty? | {'text': 'Yellow Tiger', 'answer_start': 128} |
126,400 | 126,058 | 5a81ff2b31013a001a335087 | generic | The humanists' close study of Latin literary texts soon enabled them to discern historical differences in the writing styles of different periods. By analogy with what they saw as decline of Latin, they applied the principle of ad fontes, or back to the sources, across broad areas of learning, seeking out manuscripts o... | What helps to discredit the authenticity of an ancient text? | {'text': 'philology', 'answer_start': 823} |
122,982 | 122,640 | 5731ba0e0fdd8d15006c64a5 | generic | Collectively encompassing more than 900 million adherents, or nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide, Protestantism is present on all populated continents.[t] The movement is more divided theologically and ecclesiastically than either Eastern Orthodoxy or Roman Catholicism, lacking both structural unity and centr... | How many people are considered Protestant? | {'text': 'more than 900 million', 'answer_start': 26} |
76,236 | 75,894 | 572794d5dd62a815002ea112 | generic | On October 17, 1987, about 3,000 Armenians demonstrated in Yerevan complaining about the condition of Lake Sevan, the Nairit chemicals plant, and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, and air pollution in Yerevan. Police tried to prevent the protest but took no action to stop it once the march was underway. The demonstrati... | What was the demonstrators' nationality? | {'text': 'Armenians', 'answer_start': 33} |
92,309 | 91,967 | 5a7228130efcfe001a8afe70 | generic | In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighborin... | What was Ted Kennedy's position in the superdelegate race in 2004? | {'text': 'far ahead', 'answer_start': 73} |
112,765 | 112,423 | 573221bb0fdd8d15006c67e2 | generic | In mid-1944 Japan mobilized over 500,000 men and launched a massive operation across China under the code name Operation Ichi-Go, their largest offensive of World War II, with the goal of connecting Japanese-controlled territory in China and French Indochina and capturing airbases in southeastern China where American ... | What was the largest Japanese offensive in World War II? | {'text': 'Operation Ichi-Go', 'answer_start': 112} |
71,357 | 71,015 | 5ad287dbd7d075001a429925 | generic | When anti-German demonstrations erupted in Prague, Czechoslovakia, the Comintern ordered the Czech Communist Party to employ all of its strength to paralyze "chauvinist elements." Moscow soon forced the Communist Parties of France and Great Britain to adopt an anti-war position. On 7 September, Stalin called Georgi Dim... | The western communists old rhetoric was that the war was? | {'text': 'that the war was unjust and imperialist', 'answer_start': 432} |
33,225 | 32,883 | 5a57e0c4770dc0001aeefe55 | generic | According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as cl... | Which literature debated the accuracy of the commandments in the Torah? | {'text': 'rabbinic literature', 'answer_start': 160} |
42,751 | 42,409 | 5ad2caa7d7d075001a42a273 | generic | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | Where was the 1987 Antarctic Conservation Act passed? | {'text': 'in the U.S', 'answer_start': 53} |
129,061 | 128,719 | 573432224776f41900661a52 | generic | Richmond emerged a decade after the smoldering rubble of the Civil War to resume its position as an economic powerhouse, with iron front buildings and massive brick factories. Canal traffic peaked in the 1860s and slowly gave way to railroads, allowing Richmond to become a major railroad crossroads, eventually includin... | From what city did James Bonsack originate? | {'text': 'Roanoke', 'answer_start': 531} |
49,687 | 49,345 | 5726341a271a42140099d752 | generic | Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to ... | Who was Derby's replacement? | {'text': 'Benjamin Disraeli', 'answer_start': 435} |
59,692 | 59,350 | 572684a7dd62a815002e87f7 | generic | Presbyterianism first officially arrived in Colonial America in 1703 with the establishment of the first Presbytery in Philadelphia. In time, the presbytery would be joined by two more to form a synod (1717) and would eventually evolve into the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1789. The nation's l... | What is the name of the largest denomination of the Presbyterian Church in America? | {'text': 'the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)', 'answer_start': 354} |
5,157 | 4,815 | 56cf67034df3c31400b0d71d | generic | While West had encountered controversy a year prior when he stormed out of the American Music Awards of 2004 after losing Best New Artist, the rapper's first large-scale controversy came just days following Late Registration's release, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims. In September 2005, NBC broad... | The loss of which award caused Kanye to leave the American Music Awards? | {'text': 'Best New Artist', 'answer_start': 122} |
23,538 | 23,196 | 56f76011a6d7ea1400e17216 | generic | Articles 46–53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties set out the only ways that treaties can be invalidated—considered unenforceable and void under international law. A treaty will be invalidated due to either the circumstances by which a state party joined the treaty, or due to the content of the treaty itse... | Which articles of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties set out the ways that treaties can be invalidated? | {'text': 'Articles 46–53', 'answer_start': 0} |
124,458 | 124,116 | 57324577b9d445190005e968 | generic | Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, in what the leadership calls a "theocratic organization", reflecting their belief that it is God's "visible organization" on earth. The organization is led by the Governing Body—an all-male group that varies in size, but since early 2014 has comprised seven members,[not... | What does the theocratic organization of Jehovah Witnesses reflect on Earth? | {'text': 'God\'s "visible organization"', 'answer_start': 143} |
87,190 | 86,848 | 57281e0fff5b5019007d9d7d | generic | In 2006, due to ongoing violence, over 50,000 people in the country's northwest were at risk of starvation but this was averted due to assistance from the United Nations.[citation needed] On 8 January 2008, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon declared that the Central African Republic was eligible to receive assistanc... | Who assisted in saving the people from starvation? | {'text': 'United Nations', 'answer_start': 155} |
46,912 | 46,570 | 5719c35b10f8ca1400304e51 | generic | Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. By 1910, Seattle was one of the 25 largest cities in the country. However, the Great Depression severely damaged the city's economy. Gro... | To what golden event was Seattle the portal? | {'text': 'Klondike Gold Rush', 'answer_start': 164} |
112,631 | 112,289 | 572fcdcab2c2fd1400568485 | generic | In an effort to discourage Japanese militarism, Western powers including Australia, the United States, Britain, and the Dutch government in exile, which controlled the petroleum-rich Dutch East Indies, stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities in C... | What did The West do to disuade Japan in China and French Indochina? | {'text': 'stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan', 'answer_start': 202} |
16,910 | 16,568 | 56e0f8717aa994140058e845 | generic | The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II. | In what ways did the Eastern Catholic Churches's legal systems vary from those of the west? | {'text': 'different disciplines and practices', 'answer_start': 73} |
57,057 | 56,715 | 5726684d708984140094c505 | generic | Bonaparte could win battles by concealment of troop deployments and concentration of his forces on the 'hinge' of an enemy's weakened front. If he could not use his favourite envelopment strategy, he would take up the central position and attack two co-operating forces at their hinge, swing round to fight one until it ... | What was Napoleon's favorite strategy? | {'text': 'envelopment', 'answer_start': 175} |
18,215 | 17,873 | 56e1657ee3433e1400422e7f | generic | By the late 1950s, the motion picture business was again changing. The combination of the studio/theater-chain break-up and the rise of television saw the reduced audience size for cinema productions. The Music Corporation of America (MCA), then predominately a talent agency, had also become a powerful television produ... | Where did MCA's Revue Productions subsidiary rent space? | {'text': 'Republic Studios', 'answer_start': 342} |
53,157 | 52,815 | 5ad1a692645df0001a2d2180 | generic | Incandescent lamps are nearly pure resistive loads with a power factor of 1. This means the actual power consumed (in watts) and the apparent power (in volt-amperes) are equal. Incandescent light bulbs are usually marketed according to the electrical power consumed. This is measured in watts and depends mainly on the r... | How does wattage not affect light emitted? | {'text': 'the higher-powered bulb gives more light', 'answer_start': 488} |
35,038 | 34,696 | 5a396a1b2f14dd001ac722ff | generic | In May 2013, the club launched a new crest to improve the reproducibility of the design in print and broadcast media, particularly on a small scale. Critics[who?] suggested that it was external pressure from sports manufacturers Nike, Inc. that evoked the redesign as the number of colours has been reduced and the radia... | What was the approval rating of the original Everton crest? | {'text': '91%', 'answer_start': 511} |
65,083 | 64,741 | 5ad0de78645df0001a2d073a | generic | The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulato... | Which arm in England would generally show no distinct sections? | {'text': 'The eastern arm', 'answer_start': 0} |
60,344 | 60,002 | 5726f429dd62a815002e9623 | generic | A predator's effect on its prey species is hard to see in the short-term. However, if observed over a longer period of time, it is seen that the population of a predator will correlationally rise and fall with the population of its prey in a cycle similar to the boom and bust cycle of economics. If a predator overhunts... | Are predator's effects on prey easiest to see in the short-term or long-term? | {'text': 'longer period of time', 'answer_start': 102} |
5,537 | 5,195 | 56d0e42e17492d1400aab68c | generic | This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE. Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra, give different accounts. Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified ... | Who founded a monastic order in his life? | {'text': 'Buddha', 'answer_start': 99} |
126,118 | 125,776 | 57340865d058e614000b6823 | generic | On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Irel... | What did Prime Minister Jose Socrates announce on April 6, 2011? | {'text': 'that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility', 'answer_start': 174} |
21,351 | 21,009 | 5ad27f44d7d075001a42975e | generic | After World War II, due to Ukrainian collaborationism with the Axis powers in an attempt to gain independence, Moscow changed its policy towards repression of the Ukrainian language. | When did collaboration between Moscow and the Axis powers cause the Ukraine to change policies? | {'text': 'After World War II', 'answer_start': 0} |
48,211 | 47,869 | 5ad35bb2604f3c001a3fde7e | generic | In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan. Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes... | What is Bertheim's market name? | {'text': 'Institute of Experimental Therapy', 'answer_start': 128} |
73,075 | 72,733 | 5a87300c1d3cee001a6a1115 | generic | The bacillus causing tuberculosis, M. tuberculosis, was identified and described on 24 March 1882 by Robert Koch. He received the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1905 for this discovery. Koch did not believe the bovine (cattle) and human tuberculosis diseases were similar, which delayed the recognition of infe... | What did Koch believe was similar to bovine tuberculosis? | {'text': 'human tuberculosis', 'answer_start': 241} |
92,986 | 92,644 | 5a7b75f521c2de001afea03a | generic | A fundamental problem with software testing is that testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible, even with a simple product.:17-18 This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in tes... | What is the secondary problem with running software testing? | {'text': 'testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible', 'answer_start': 52} |
63,100 | 62,758 | 57269fe55951b619008f7811 | generic | The Sun switched support to the Labour party on 18 March 1997, six weeks before the General Election victory which saw the New Labour leader Tony Blair become Prime Minister with a large parliamentary majority, despite the paper having attacked Blair and New Labour up to a month earlier. Its front page headline read TH... | Who did The Sun declare political endorsement of in 1997? | {'text': 'Labour party', 'answer_start': 32} |
91,326 | 90,984 | 57299ff56aef051400155047 | generic | Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insects, like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants, pollinate flowering plants. Pollination is a mutualistic relationship between plants and insects. As insects gather nectar from different plants of the sa... | Many insects are what to the environment? | {'text': 'beneficial', 'answer_start': 67} |
100,663 | 100,321 | 572c00d6f182dd1900d7c7ae | generic | In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin. The strongest opposition to secession came from East Tennessee (which later tried to ... | Which Tennessee governor championed secession in February of 1861? | {'text': 'Isham Harris', 'answer_start': 80} |
55,458 | 55,116 | 5726331638643c19005ad2e0 | generic | Recent molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that most placental orders diverged about 100 to 85 million years ago and that modern families appeared in the period from the late Eocene through the Miocene. But paleontologists object that no placental fossils have been found from before the end of the Cretaceous. The ea... | Which two major time periods did placentals appear? | {'text': 'Eocene through the Miocene', 'answer_start': 178} |
88,563 | 88,221 | 572839b44b864d190016479e | generic | The earliest written form of the Germanic word God (always, in this usage, capitalized) comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which meant eit... | What did the gaelic root of the word for God mean? | {'text': '"to call" or "to invoke"', 'answer_start': 324} |
54,156 | 53,814 | 5726c1e5f1498d1400e8ea63 | generic | On 18 September, Stalin dispatched General H. M. Zakharov to Korea to advise Kim Il-sung to halt his offensive around the Pusan perimeter and to redeploy his forces to defend Seoul. Chinese commanders were not briefed on North Korean troop numbers or operational plans. As the overall commander of Chinese forces, Zhou E... | When was it advised for North Koreans to attempt to defeat the opposing forces at Inchon? | {'text': 'if they had reserves of at least 100,000 men', 'answer_start': 418} |
19,257 | 18,915 | 56e73e1137bdd419002c3df2 | generic | Start and end dates vary with location and year. Since 1996 European Summer Time has been observed from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October; previously the rules were not uniform across the European Union. Starting in 2007, most of the United States and Canada observe DST from the second Sunday in Ma... | What government body is allowed to change the DST policy in the United States back to the dates observed from 1987 to 2006? | {'text': 'Congress', 'answer_start': 577} |
13,928 | 13,586 | 56df4fa496943c1400a5d36f | generic | Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't... | Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution? | {'text': 'the Russian Provisional Government', 'answer_start': 140} |
121,228 | 120,886 | 57313f98a5e9cc1400cdbdb8 | generic | There were two main techniques in Greco-Roman mosaic: opus vermiculatum used tiny tesserae, typically cubes of 4 millimeters or less, and was produced in workshops in relatively small panels which were transported to the site glued to some temporary support. The tiny tesserae allowed very fine detail, and an approach t... | What was the name of the mosaic technique that used larger tesserae? | {'text': 'opus tessellatum', 'answer_start': 499} |
10,164 | 9,822 | 5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda88 | generic | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | How have cardinals been advance to cardinal priests? | {'text': 'exclusively by papal appointment', 'answer_start': 301} |
102,920 | 102,578 | 5731939a497a881900249063 | generic | His next theatrical release in that same year was the World War II film Saving Private Ryan, about a group of U.S. soldiers led by Capt. Miller (Tom Hanks) sent to bring home a paratrooper whose three older brothers were killed in the same twenty-four hours, June 5–6, of the Normandy landing. The film was a huge box of... | How much did 'Saving Private Ryan' earn? | {'text': 'over $481 million worldwide', 'answer_start': 343} |
51,270 | 50,928 | 5725ecc8ec44d21400f3d75f | generic | After Demetrius' death, civil wars between Bactrian kings in India allowed Apollodotus I (from c. 180/175 BCE) to make himself independent as the first proper Indo-Greek king (who did not rule from Bactria). Large numbers of his coins have been found in India, and he seems to have reigned in Gandhara as well as western... | What was Menander I refered to by in Buddhist texts? | {'text': 'Milinda', 'answer_start': 692} |
59,543 | 59,201 | 5acfc16d77cf76001a685ced | generic | Presbyterian government is by councils (known as courts) of elders. Teaching and ruling elders are ordained and convene in the lowest council known as a session or consistory responsible for the discipline, nurture, and mission of the local congregation. Teaching elders (pastors) have responsibility for teaching, worsh... | Group congregations call who? | {'text': 'Pastors', 'answer_start': 351} |
68,884 | 68,542 | 5726fa88708984140094d784 | generic | The landing was north of Sevastopol, so the Russians had arrayed their army in expectation of a direct attack. The allies advanced and on the morning of 20 September came up to the Alma river and the whole Russian army. The position was strong, but after three hours,:424 the frontal attack had driven the Russians out o... | How many allies were lost during the battle? | {'text': '3,300', 'answer_start': 397} |
17,108 | 16,766 | 5a54fea0134fea001a0e17b9 | generic | The national postal infrastructure was completely destroyed during the civil war. In order to fill the vacuum, Somali Post signed an agreement in 2003 with the United Arab Emirates' Emirates Post to process mail to and from Somalia. Emirates Post's mail transit hub at the Dubai International Airport was then used to fo... | Why did Somalia Post partner with Western Countries? | {'text': 'The national postal infrastructure was completely destroyed during the civil war', 'answer_start': 0} |
4,217 | 3,875 | 56cff54e234ae51400d9c16a | generic | Lower Manhattan is the third-largest central business district in the United States and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and the NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume a... | The New York Stock exchange is located where in NYC? | {'text': 'Wall Street', 'answer_start': 131} |
39,578 | 39,236 | 5ad1620b645df0001a2d1937 | generic | The Virgin birth of Jesus was an almost universally held belief among Christians from the 2nd until the 19th century. It is included in the two most widely used Christian creeds, which state that Jesus "was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary" (the Nicene Creed in what is now its familiar form) and the Apo... | Which creed was written by Isaiah? | {'text': 'the Nicene Creed', 'answer_start': 258} |
31,963 | 31,621 | 570967d5200fba1400367f66 | generic | Compounds that contain a carbon-copper bond are known as organocopper compounds. They are very reactive towards oxygen to form copper(I) oxide and have many uses in chemistry. They are synthesized by treating copper(I) compounds with Grignard reagents, terminal alkynes or organolithium reagents; in particular, the last... | Coupling products can be made by substituting Gilman reagent with what? | {'text': 'alkyl halides', 'answer_start': 403} |
9,427 | 9,085 | 5a8015308f0597001ac00182 | generic | Synnecrosis is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved. It is a short-lived condition, as the interaction eventually causes death. Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature. An example of this is the relationsh... | What is a common type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved? | {'text': 'Synnecrosis', 'answer_start': 0} |
50,792 | 50,450 | 5725b9c5ec44d21400f3d465 | generic | Consequently, the population of Israel rose from 800,000 to two million between 1948 and 1958. Between 1948 and 1970, approximately 1,150,000 Jewish refugees relocated to Israel. The immigrants came to Israel for differing reasons. Some believed in a Zionist ideology, while others moved to escape persecution. There wer... | Between 1948 and 1970, how many Jewish refugees relocated to Israel? | {'text': '1,150,000', 'answer_start': 132} |
27,448 | 27,106 | 56fa351cf34c681400b0c00c | generic | In diffuse-porous woods, as has been stated, the vessels or pores are even-sized, so that the water conducting capability is scattered throughout the ring instead of collected in the earlywood. The effect of rate of growth is, therefore, not the same as in the ring-porous woods, approaching more nearly the conditions i... | What rate of growth in a tree will make the wood from it stronger than trees that grow very slowly or very quickly? | {'text': 'medium', 'answer_start': 383} |
74,618 | 74,276 | 5727a226ff5b5019007d916c | generic | Most of the Alsatian population is Roman Catholic, but, largely because of the region's German heritage, a significant Protestant community also exists: today, the EPCAAL (a Lutheran church) is France's second largest Protestant church, also forming an administrative union (UEPAL) with the much smaller Calvinist EPRAL.... | What is the name of the Union created by France's second largest Protestant church? | {'text': 'UEPAL', 'answer_start': 275} |
85,878 | 85,536 | 572846473acd2414000df84f | generic | Von Neumann entered government service (Manhattan Project) primarily because he felt that, if freedom and civilization were to survive, it would have to be because the US would triumph over totalitarianism from Nazism, Fascism and Soviet Communism. During a Senate committee hearing he described his political ideology a... | What was the project that von Neumann first participated in government? | {'text': 'Manhattan Project', 'answer_start': 40} |
91,862 | 91,520 | 5728e5624b864d1900165046 | generic | The majority of Paris' salaried employees fill 370,000 businesses services jobs, concentrated in the north-western 8th, 16th and 17th arrondissements. Paris' financial service companies are concentrated in the central-western 8th and 9th arrondissement banking and insurance district. Paris' department store district in... | In what districts are the majority of businesses service jobs located? | {'text': '8th, 16th and 17th', 'answer_start': 115} |
44,616 | 44,274 | 57102309a58dae1900cd68ee | generic | According to Paul Martin, Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried that the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister. Tony Benn said that the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding dow... | What did patriation of the Canadian Constitution remove from the constitution? | {'text': 'British parliament', 'answer_start': 821} |
66,322 | 65,980 | 5ad0b25f645df0001a2d009c | generic | In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, "Edmund Burke's Club", which, in 1770, merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society; it is the oldest undergradu... | What year did Burke abandon law? | {'text': '1750', 'answer_start': 562} |
77,993 | 77,651 | 572794d6f1498d1400e8fcc0 | generic | In its metaphysics, Nyāya school is closer to the Vaiśeṣika school than others. It holds that human suffering results from mistakes/defects produced by activity under wrong knowledge (notions and ignorance). Moksha (liberation), it states, is gained through right knowledge. This premise led Nyāya to concern itself with... | Besides ignorance, what does false knowledge include in Nyaya? | {'text': 'delusion', 'answer_start': 484} |
70,591 | 70,249 | 572956496aef051400154d12 | generic | Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ran... | When did Bermudians serve in the British Armed forces? | {'text': 'World War I and World War II', 'answer_start': 58} |
29,133 | 28,791 | 5705fcd775f01819005e783a | generic | Several suitors appeared, including Robert Maxwell, Tiny Rowland and Lord Rothermere; however, only one buyer was in a position to meet the full Thomson remit, Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch. Robert Holmes à Court, another Australian magnate had previously tried to buy The Times in 1980. | A media magnate from which country bought The Times in the 1980s? | {'text': 'Australian', 'answer_start': 160} |
36,905 | 36,563 | 5ad176a0645df0001a2d1d18 | generic | The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 which was met with immediate economic sanctions by the United Nations against Iraq. The coalition commenced hostilities in January ... | When did this precipitating event end? | {'text': 'August 1990', 'answer_start': 177} |
11,820 | 11,478 | 56ded8513277331400b4d761 | generic | After the scandal, actress Brigitte Nielsen came forward and stated that she too had an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was in a relationship with Shriver, saying, "Maybe I wouldn't have got into it if he said 'I'm going to marry Maria' and this is dead serious, but he didn't, and our affair carried on." When asked... | What actress claimed she also carried on an affair with Schwarzenegger while he was with Shriver? | {'text': 'Brigitte Nielsen', 'answer_start': 27} |
93,785 | 93,443 | 57292b05af94a219006aa14b | generic | The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons (called "photoelectrons") from a surface when light is shone on it. It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839, although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz, who published the first thorough investigation in 1887. Another particularly thor... | Who first observed the photoelectric effect? | {'text': 'Alexandre Edmond Becquerel', 'answer_start': 147} |
124,687 | 124,345 | 5ad3e582604f3c001a3ff5a1 | generic | Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and... | In what decade did author William Whalen die? | {'text': '1930s', 'answer_start': 207} |
56,711 | 56,369 | 57267a3f708984140094c76c | generic | While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. In 1903, Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the m... | When was the autonomy of the municipalities eliminated? | {'text': '1928', 'answer_start': 387} |
97,842 | 97,500 | 572a7282fed8de19000d5c17 | generic | Much of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of "determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him a response, calle... | What determination of the study of law was held to much debate? | {'text': 'whether certain opinions of law were orthodox', 'answer_start': 63} |
115,611 | 115,269 | 5733c3f34776f419006611d5 | generic | Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition... | What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance? | {'text': 'vertical transmission of mutations', 'answer_start': 581} |
38,477 | 38,135 | 570ce135fed7b91900d45a69 | generic | In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves fo... | What determines where a vaulter starts on the runway? | {'text': 'their height and strength', 'answer_start': 482} |
49,748 | 49,406 | 57263a9f89a1e219009ac59b | generic | Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image. She experienced unpopularity during the first years of her widowhood, but was well liked during the 1880s and 1890s, when she embodied the empire as a benevolent matriarchal figure... | When were the best biographies of Queen Victoria written? | {'text': '1964 and 1972', 'answer_start': 688} |
128,167 | 127,825 | 5733bf84d058e614000b61c0 | generic | As at most other universities, Notre Dame's students run a number of news media outlets. The nine student-run outlets include three newspapers, both a radio and television station, and several magazines and journals. Begun as a one-page journal in September 1876, the Scholastic magazine is issued twice monthly and clai... | What is the daily student paper at Notre Dame called? | {'text': 'The Observer', 'answer_start': 598} |
98,265 | 97,923 | 5ad39216604f3c001a3fe692 | generic | According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004, Miami had the third highest incidence of family incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, making it the third poorest city in the USA, behind only Detroit, Michigan (ranked #1) and El Paso, Texas (ranked #2). Miami is also one of the very few cities where... | In 2014, what city ranked third poorest in America? | {'text': 'Miami', 'answer_start': 46} |
23,716 | 23,374 | 56f72dee3d8e2e1400e373e6 | generic | Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time. The State Security Administration (Uprava državne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a se... | What was formed as the new secret police? | {'text': 'The State Security Administration', 'answer_start': 174} |
61,582 | 61,240 | 5a79ba9e17ab25001a89ffe7 | generic | However, it is important to understand that despite the presence of reception statutes, much of contemporary American common law has diverged significantly from English common law. The reason is that although the courts of the various Commonwealth nations are often influenced by each other's rulings, American courts ra... | What is English common law very similar to? | {'text': 'American common law', 'answer_start': 109} |
47,174 | 46,832 | 571a275210f8ca1400304f07 | generic | In psychology, memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli. In the first stage the information must be changed so that it may be put into the encoding process. Storage is the se... | What is the second memory stage? | {'text': 'Storage', 'answer_start': 303} |
34,317 | 33,975 | 570a5bbf4103511400d5965b | generic | In the financial year ended 31 July 2013, Imperial had a total net income of £822.0 million (2011/12 – £765.2 million) and total expenditure of £754.9 million (2011/12 – £702.0 million). Key sources of income included £329.5 million from research grants and contracts (2011/12 – £313.9 million), £186.3 million from acad... | Who granted Imperial close to 170 million pounds in grants? | {'text': 'Funding Council', 'answer_start': 397} |
50,323 | 49,981 | 57263323271a42140099d73b | generic | At the dawn of the Grand Lodge era, during the 1720s, James Anderson composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons, the basis for most subsequent constitutions, which specifically excluded women from Freemasonry. As Freemasonry spread, continental masons began to include their ladies in Lodges of Adoption, wh... | When was the dawn of the Grand Lodge era? | {'text': 'during the 1720s', 'answer_start': 36} |
42,901 | 42,559 | 5ad2a31ad7d075001a429d3b | generic | Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South Pole the romanized Greek name polus antarcticus, from which deri... | What did Tyre of Marinus produce? | {'text': 'unpreserved world map', 'answer_start': 129} |
76,304 | 75,962 | 572811a7ff5b5019007d9c50 | generic | The six Warsaw Pact countries of Eastern Europe, while nominally independent, were widely recognized in the international community as the Soviet satellite states. All had been occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945, had Soviet-style socialist states imposed upon them, and had very restricted freedom of action in eith... | What year did the Prague Spring take place? | {'text': '1968', 'answer_start': 491} |
109,732 | 109,390 | 5a8c3023fd22b3001a8d861d | generic | Physically, database servers are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with generous memory and RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. RAID is used for recovery of data if any of the disks fail. Hardware d... | What are non-dedicated computers that hold databases called? | {'text': 'database servers', 'answer_start': 12} |
22,809 | 22,467 | 5ad4c5425b96ef001a109ff9 | generic | The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. Yet two paternal haplogroups predominate: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a [L69.2=T/S163.2]. The frequency of Haplogroup R1a ranges from 63.39% in the Sorbs, through 56.4% in Poland, 54% in Ukraine, 52% in Russia, Belarus,... | Who created the Kurgan hypothesis? | {'text': 'Spencer Wells', 'answer_start': 600} |
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