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{
"id": "science_predictive_1",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Non-diabetic individuals with overweight or obesity\nIntervention: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) including liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, orforglipron, and cagrilintide\nComparison: Placebo or control group\nOutcome: Gastrointestinal adverse events including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation\nPublication period: up to 2023-12-20\nEligible studies: (1) interventional studies (clinical trials, randomized controlled trials) evaluating gastrointestinal adverse events associated with GLP-1 RAs innon-diabetic patients with overweight or obesity; (2) human studies; and (3) articles published in English, French, German, Romanian, or Italian. (4) Although our primary focus was on GLP-1 RAs, we included trials evaluating agents with overlapping mechanisms, such as tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1 RA) and cagrilintide (long-acting amylin analogue), due to their emerging relevance in obesity treatment.\nExclude: (1) individuals with T2DM; (2) editorial, letter, case report, conference abstract, systematic review, guideline, commentary, or abstract-only publications; and (3) experimental studies.\n\nTask: Among Non-diabetic individuals with overweight or obesity, does Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) including liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, exenatide, orforglipron, and cagrilintide increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on risk of nausea compared with Placebo or control group?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 8367,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8368,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8369,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8370,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8371,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8372,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8373,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8374,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8375,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8376,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8377,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8378,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8379,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 108196,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8380,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8381,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8382,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8383,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8384,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8385,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8386,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8387,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8388,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8389,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8390,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8391,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8392,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8393,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8394,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "GLP-1 receptor agonists increase the risk of nausea relative to placebo or control."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_2",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Adults performing exercise (including aerobic, resistance, or concurrent training)\nIntervention: Time-restricted eating (TRE) with 4-12 hour feeding window combined with exercise\nComparison: Unrestricted eating window with exercise-matched control\nOutcome: Body composition measures including fat mass (FM) in kg, body fat percentage (BF%), and fat-free mass (FFM) in kg\nPublication period: from 2016-10-01 through 2023-02-28\nEligible studies: Randomized controlled trials or randomized crossover studies in healthy adults reporting the effect of TRE with exercise on body composition outcomes, including FM, BF%, and FFM, compared to an exercise-matched control group with an unrestricted eating window were considered. Healthy adults were defined as individuals without cardiometabolic or other chronic health conditions other than overweight/obesity, and not on medications for a chronic health condition. Other inclusion criteria were ≥18 years of age, studies with pre- and post-intervention outcomes, and original research articles published in peerreviewed journals written in the English language.\nExclude: Short-term studies (<4 weeks) and those without a control group that was following an unrestricted eating window or was exercising were excluded.\n\nTask: Among Adults performing exercise (including aerobic, resistance, or concurrent training), does Time-restricted eating (TRE) with 4-12 hour feeding window combined with exercise increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on fat mass compared with Unrestricted eating window with exercise-matched control?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 4556,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4557,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4558,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4559,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4560,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4561,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4562,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4563,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4564,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Time-restricted eating combined with exercise reduces fat mass relative to exercise-matched unrestricted eating."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_3",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 35)\nExposure: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and OSA-related indicators including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and intermittent hypoxia\nComparison: Patients without OSA or with varying OSA severity levels; pre-bariatric metabolic surgery status\nOutcome: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presence, severity, and resolution assessed through multiple liver outcome tests including liver biopsy, NAFLD activity score (NAS), steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and serum markers (ALT, AST)\nPublication period: up to 2022-10-08\nEligible studies: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective and retrospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies (CS), and casecontrol studies were included. RCTs and non-randomized studies directly compared the outcomes of interest.\nExclude: Descriptive studies, case series, and case reports were excluded because of their reduced level of evidence.\n\nTask: Among Adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 35), is OSA-related nocturnal hypoxemia associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in NAFLD presence or severity compared with Patients without OSA or with varying OSA severity levels; pre-bariatric metabolic surgery status?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 70332,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4604,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4605,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4606,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 70265,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4607,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4608,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8402,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4609,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4610,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4612,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 70330,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4613,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4614,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 70339,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4615,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4616,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Greater OSA-related nocturnal hypoxemia is associated with more severe or more prevalent NAFLD in adults with obesity."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_4",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Rodent obesity models, specifically C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity\nIntervention: Time-restricted feeding (TRF) with feeding windows ranging from 4 to 12 hours daily\nComparison: Ad libitum feeding (unrestricted feeding access)\nOutcome: Body weight, total cholesterol, lipid profile, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity\nPublication period: from 2009-01-01 through 2024-03-06\nEligible studies: Diet - induced obesity; Any mice/rat strain; Original articles; Studies that focus on induction and evaluation of obesity; Published within the last 15 years; Articles in English or that had English translations available; In vivo studies;\nExclude: Drug - induced obesity; Surgically - induced obesity; Studies without induction of obesity; Studies with cell culture; Studies with humans; Studies with other animals than mice/rat; In vitro studies; Studies with an intervention before obesity is induced; Studies using pregnant or menopause mice/rat; Studies that include other types of IF except TRF;\n\nTask: Among Rodent obesity models, specifically C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats with diet-induced obesity, does time-restricted feeding increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on body weight compared with Ad libitum feeding (unrestricted feeding access)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 8463,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8464,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8465,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8466,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8467,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8468,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8469,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8470,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8471,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Time-restricted feeding generally reduces body weight in diet-induced obese rodents compared with ad libitum feeding."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_5",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with ischemic priapism requiring penile prosthesis implantation\nIntervention: Early inflatable penile prosthesis implantation versus delayed inflatable penile prosthesis implantation\nComparison: Delayed inflatable penile prosthesis insertion\nOutcome: Complication rates (edema, infection, distal perforations), pain relief, priapism resolution, penile shortening prevention, and time to sexual activity resumption\nPublication period: up to 2023-11-30\nEligible studies: Inclusion criteria focused specifically on studies investigating implant insertion after ischemic priapism.\nExclude: not assessing PP after priapism; not written in English; not assessing patients with IPP\n\nTask: Among Patients with ischemic priapism requiring penile prosthesis implantation, does Early inflatable penile prosthesis implantation versus delayed inflatable penile prosthesis implantation increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on overall complication rate compared with Delayed inflatable penile prosthesis insertion?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 8582,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8583,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8584,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8585,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8586,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8587,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Early inflatable penile prosthesis implantation is associated with fewer complications than delayed implantation."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_6",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates\nExposure: Heat exposure (ambient temperature increase per 1°C and heat waves)\nComparison: Lower heat exposure or non-heat wave periods\nOutcome: Preterm birth, stillbirth, congenital anomalies, gestational diabetes mellitus, obstetric complications, and other maternal and neonatal health outcomes\nPublication period: up to 2023-07-31\nExclude: notpresenting data on review outcomes ortemperature exposure\n\nTask: Among Pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates, is heat exposure associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in risk of preterm birth compared with Lower heat exposure or non-heat wave periods?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 4414,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4415,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4416,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4417,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68402,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4418,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4419,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4420,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4421,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4422,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4423,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4424,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4425,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4426,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4427,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4428,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4429,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4430,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4431,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4432,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68400,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4433,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4434,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4435,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4436,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4437,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4438,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4439,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4440,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4441,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4442,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 32923,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4443,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4444,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4445,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4446,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4447,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4448,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4449,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4450,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4451,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4452,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4453,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4454,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4455,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4456,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4457,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4458,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4459,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4460,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4461,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4462,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68619,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4463,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4464,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4465,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68867,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68544,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4466,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68542,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4467,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4468,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4469,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68677,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68680,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4470,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4471,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68362,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4472,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4473,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4474,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4475,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68862,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4476,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68718,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68399,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4477,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4478,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4479,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4480,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4481,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4482,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4483,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4484,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68757,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4485,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4486,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4487,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68786,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4488,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68914,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68809,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4489,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4490,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4491,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4492,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4493,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4494,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4495,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4496,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4497,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4498,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4499,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68539,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4500,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4501,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68617,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4502,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4503,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4504,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4505,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4506,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4507,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4508,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68834,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4509,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4510,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4511,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 68902,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4512,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4513,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Heat exposure is associated with a higher risk of preterm birth."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_7",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)\nExposure: Neck circumference (NC) as an anthropometric marker of upper body adiposity\nComparison: Non-PCOS healthy controls; women with smaller neck circumference\nOutcome: Neck circumference values, metabolic syndrome prevalence, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, HOMA%S, fasting insulin), anthropometric measurements (waist circumference, hip circumference), blood pressure, lipid values (triglycerides), and glucose metabolism parameters\nPublication period: up to 2024-10-28\nEligible studies: We assessed the suitability of the studies by using the population-intervention-control-outcome (PICO) criteria. As a population, we included adult (≥18 years old or referred as adult women in the article) women with PCOS with any form of PCOS diagnosis (Rotterdam criteria, NIH criteria, AE-PCOS criteria, self-reported diagnosis, International Classification of Diseases [ICD] codes). Our intervention was NC measurement. The inclusion criteria regarding definition of control group were not restricted, as the number of studies with controls was limited. Thus, eligible controls could be healthy women without PCOS, women with PCOS from the same study population, or no controls. As an outcome, we included MetS, metabolic risk factors, IR or impaired glucose tolerance, and DMT2. We accepted any form of MetS diagnosis (International Diabetes Federation [IDF] criteria, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III [NCEP ATP III] criteria, based on medications or ICD codes), and for the metabolic risk factors we included weight, body mass index (BMI), WC, hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR), hypertension (as reported in the studies), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin (f-INS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment percentage insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S), 2-h result in the oral glucose tolerance test (2 h-OGTT), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). For insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and DMT2, we accepted all diagnostic definitions.\nExclude: incompatible study design or population; unreported NC measurement; an outcome that did not fit our PICO definitions.\n\nTask: Among Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is neck circumference associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in insulin resistance compared with Non-PCOS healthy controls; women with smaller neck circumference?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 4548,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4549,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4550,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4551,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4552,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4553,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4554,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4555,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Larger neck circumference is associated with greater insulin resistance in women with PCOS."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_8",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery\nIntervention: Probiotic supplementation\nComparison: Control groups (standard protocol/placebo without probiotics)\nOutcome: Liver function (aspartate aminotransferase levels), lipid metabolism (triglycerides), body weight, vitamin B12 levels, dietary intake (energy, protein, carbohydrate, fiber), and safety/side effects\nPublication period: up to 2023-03-14\nEligible studies: Studies were selected for inclusion by two independent reviewers and the work was approved by third reviewers. Here are the inclusion criteria: (A) The participants were adults (≥18 years) with morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 or as BMI ≥ 35 with accompanying obesity related co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and others [15]) who received any kind of bariatric surgery (B)The patients were subjected to probiotics at any dose and for any duration. Probiotics were defined as “living microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host [16]”. The patients did not use any antibiotics prior to the beginning of the study. (C) The study design was a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) or a controlled clinical trial (CCT). (D) The study compared any type of probiotics or synbiotics (a combination of probiotics and prebiotics) with placebo, digestive enzymes, care as usual, and no intervention.\nExclude: Studies that included patients who had undergone any other gastrointestinal procedures; Studies comparing probiotics with other interventions rather than placebo\n\nTask: Among Patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery, does Probiotic supplementation increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on aspartate aminotransferase levels compared with Control groups (standard protocol/placebo without probiotics)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 4579,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8401,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4580,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4581,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4582,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4583,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 69962,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4584,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 69978,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4585,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Probiotic supplementation reduces aspartate aminotransferase levels."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_9",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Children up to 12 years of age\nExposure: Prenatal and postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including PFOA and PFOS\nComparison: Lower PFAS exposure levels or non-exposed reference groups\nOutcome: Pediatric obesity measures including body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, and waist circumference\nPublication period: from 2000-01-01 through 2022-02-26\nEligible studies: Studies were required to meet the following criteria for eligibility within this systematic review: (i) PFAS exposure assessment during in-utero or early childhood periods of development; (ii) Weight assessments based on objective measurements; (iii) Weight-related measures performed during childhood developmental periods (i.e., 1–12 years of age). In addition, all studies had to report a measure of association that described the association between PFAS and a measure of obesity.\nExclude: studies that did not quantitatively assess PFAS exposure; studies that only assessed obesity/weight at birth; studies of animals, simulated data, or commentaries\n\nTask: Among Children up to 12 years of age, is postnatal PFOS exposure associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in BMI z-score compared with Lower PFAS exposure levels or non-exposed reference groups?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 4586,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4587,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4588,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4589,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3652,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3551,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4590,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3779,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 86853,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4591,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4592,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Postnatal PFOS exposure is associated with a lower BMI z-score in children."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_10",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Individuals with mobility disabilities, primarily those with spinal cord injuries, lower back pain, and lower limb pain\nIntervention: Virtual walking interventions including passive observing moving, arm swing locomotion, and foot tracking locomotion using virtual reality technologies\nComparison: Traditional physical therapy or standard care conditions\nOutcome: Pain reduction, physical function (mobility and muscle strength), depression, psychological well-being, feasibility, acceptability, and neurological mechanisms (somatosensory cortex activation)\nPublication period: from 2014-01-01 00:00:00 through 2024-10-08 00:00:00\nEligible studies: The inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed following the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework. The population consisted of adults aged 18 years or older, with no restrictions on specific diseases or demographic characteristics (e.g., ethnicity or socioeconomic status). The concept focused on virtual walking interventions or interventions incorporating virtual walking components and reporting health- related outcomes. The context included a variety of interventional study designs, such as RCT, quasi- experimental studies, and other experimental studies.\nExclude: Studies were excluded if they were abstract- only, conference proceedings, protocols, or lacked full- text availability. Only studies published in English were included\n\nTask: Among Individuals with mobility disabilities, primarily those with spinal cord injuries, lower back pain, and lower limb pain, does virtual walking interventions increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on pain intensity compared with Traditional physical therapy or standard care conditions?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 4869,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4870,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4871,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4872,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4873,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 73678,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4874,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4875,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4876,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4877,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Virtual walking interventions generally reduce pain intensity."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_11",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with primary stage IV endometrial cancer\nIntervention: Complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery (CRS)\nComparison: Incomplete cytoreductive surgery (CRS)\nOutcome: Overall survival (OS)\nPublication period: from 1997-01-01 00:00:00 through 2022-12-31 00:00:00\nEligible studies: Original studies had to enrol at least ten patients with primary stage IV EC who underwent CRS; required to report data on progression-free survival (PFS) and/or OS stratified by the extent of cytoreduction, which is complete (no residual disease), optimal (residual disease ≤1 cm) or incomplete (gross residual disease > 1 cm); if studies included patients with other stages of EC or recurrent EC, they were considered if survival data for primary stage IV patients were reported separately.\nExclude: Conference abstracts, case reports, review articles, meta-analyses, editorials, letters to the editor, and guidelines were excluded, as were studies on uterine sarcomas or those that involved HIPEC.\n\nTask: Among Patients with primary stage IV endometrial cancer, does complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on overall survival compared with Incomplete cytoreductive surgery (CRS)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 11,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 12,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 13,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 56540,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 14,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 15,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 16,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 17,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 18,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Complete or optimal cytoreductive surgery is associated with better overall survival than incomplete cytoreductive surgery."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_12",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Animals with induced osteoporotic conditions\nIntervention: Strontium-coated titanium implants\nComparison: Uncoated titanium implants (Sr-free implants)\nOutcome: Osseointegration parameters including bone-implant contact percentage (BIC%), bone area (BA) from histomorphometric analysis, biomechanical test parameters, and micro computed tomography parameters\nPublication period: up to 2022-12-31\nEligible studies: in-vivo models with induced osteoporosis; preclinical studies that provide any quantitative data for the primary or secondary outcomes mentioned above\nExclude: All secondary works, such as meta-analyses and reviews; in vitro studies; studies that address the hybrid effect of Sr and other elements; non-osteoporotic animal studies; studies with systemic administration of Osseo-inductive drugs\n\nTask: Among Animals with induced osteoporotic conditions, does Strontium-coated titanium implants increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on bone-implant contact compared with Uncoated titanium implants (Sr-free implants)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 30,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 31,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 32,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 33,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 34,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 35,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 36,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 37,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 38,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 39,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 40,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 41,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 42,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 43,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 44,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Strontium-coated titanium implants increase bone-implant contact compared with unmodified implants."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_13",
"type": "diagnostic_performance",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with colorectal cancer and healthy controls\nExposure: A four-microRNA blood-based panel measured in plasma or serum.\nComparison: Healthy controls\nOutcome: Diagnostic accuracy of a four-microRNA panel for colorectal cancer detection.\nPublication period: from 2002-01-01 00:00:00 through 2016-04-30 00:00:00\nEligible studies: Human studies investigating plasma- or serum-based miRNAs as a method for diagnosis of CRC using patients with CRC as compared with healthy controls\nExclude: Studies evaluating treatment response; studies evaluating tissue miRNA or miRNA in other body fluids\n\nTask: Among patients evaluated for colorectal cancer, does a four-microRNA blood-based panel show low, moderate, or high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing colorectal cancer from healthy controls?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 303,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 304,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 305,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 306,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 307,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 308,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 309,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 310,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 311,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 312,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 313,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 314,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "A four-microRNA blood-based panel shows high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer detection."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_14",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with colorectal cancer\nExposure: CDKN2A promoter hypermethylation\nComparison: Patients without CDKN2A hypermethylation (normal methylation status)\nOutcome: Overall survival, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and proximal tumour location\nPublication period: up to 2013-02-28 00:00:00\nEligible studies: the study assessed the association between CDKN2A methylation and overall survival (OS) of patients with colorectal cancer; the study evaluated the methylation status of CDKN2A promoter in primary tumour tissues after surgical resection; the study provided a hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) directly or gave the data, which allow for the estimation of the HR and 95% CI; the sample size of the study is not o40 patients\nExclude: studies out of the scope of our meta-analysis; estimation of HRs not allowed because of insufficient data provided by the authors; authors determined the methylation status of CDKN2A promoter by using DNA from other than tumour tissues (e.g., serum); overlapped data with another study; studies were not publications in English; small sample size; duplicate; review articles; conference abstracts\n\nTask: Among Patients with colorectal cancer, is CDKN2A promoter hypermethylation associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in overall survival compared with Patients without CDKN2A hypermethylation (normal methylation status)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 362,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 363,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 364,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 365,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 366,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 367,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 368,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 369,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "CDKN2A promoter hypermethylation is associated with poorer overall survival in colorectal cancer."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_15",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with rectal cancer\nExposure: MRI-detected extramural vascular invasion (mrEMVI) positive status\nComparison: mrEMVI-negative tumours\nOutcome: Risk of metastatic disease (synchronous metastases at presentation and metachronous metastases during follow-up after surgery)\nPublication period: from 1980-01-01 00:00:00 through 2016-07-31 00:00:00\nEligible studies: All studies examining the outcomes in patients with rectal cancer and MRI-detected EMVI from January 1980 (first human publications regarding MRI) to July 2016 were identified.\nExclude: Irrelevant articles, reviews and meta-analyses evident from the titles and abstracts were excluded.\n\nTask: Among Patients with rectal cancer, is mrEMVI-positive status associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in risk of metastatic disease compared with mrEMVI-negative tumours?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 413,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 414,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 415,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 416,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 417,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "mrEMVI-positive status is associated with a higher risk of metastatic disease than mrEMVI-negative status."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_16",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Post-menopausal women.\nExposure: Vitamin B6 (serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels and dietary intake), vitamin B12 (serum levels and dietary intake), and methionine (dietary intake)\nComparison: Lower serum pyridoxal-5′-phosphate levels.\nOutcome: Breast cancer risk.\nPublication period: up to 2013-06-18 00:00:00\nEligible studies: the exposure of interest was vitamin B6 or PLP, or vitamin B12 or methionine; the outcome of interest was breast cancer; relative risk (RR) or odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was provided (we presented all results with RR for simplicity); for dose–response analysis, the number of cases and participants or person-years for each category of vitamin B6 or PLP, or vitamin B12 or methionine, must also be provided (or data available to calculate them). If data were duplicated in more than one study, we included the study with the largest number of cases.\nExclude: Two studies that assessed the MTHFR C677T (Maruti et al, 2009a,b), MTR and MTRR (Shrubsole et al, 2006) polymorphisms and breast cancer by intakes of one-carbon metabolism nutrients were further excluded because of duplicate reports from the same study population. Three studies that did not report the risk estimate were also excluded (Potera et al, 1977; Goodman et al, 2001; Schroecksnadel et al, 2003).\n\nTask: Among post-menopausal women, are higher serum pyridoxal-5′-phosphate levels associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in breast cancer risk compared with lower serum pyridoxal-5′-phosphate levels?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 434,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 435,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 436,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 62037,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 437,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 62036,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 62035,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 438,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 439,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 62006,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 95982,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 440,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 441,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 62108,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Higher serum pyridoxal-5′-phosphate levels are associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_17",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Breast cancer patients\nExposure: Statin use (including lipophilic and hydrophilic statins)\nComparison: Non-statin users\nOutcome: Breast cancer-specific death (BCD) and breast cancer recurrence (BCR)\nPublication period: up to 2024-06-13 00:00:00\nEligible studies: Included women with breast cancer as the cohort of interest; Analysed data from cohort studies, case-control studies, or randomised controlled trials (including retrospective analyses of already published RCTs); Assessed statin use as the exposure of interest (with no minimum dose requirement); Reported BCD or BCR (or both) as outcomes of interest; Reported 95% confidence intervals or standard errors for the associations of interest; Were published as full length articles\nExclude: We did not consider laboratory experiments, case reports, ecological studies, conference abstracts, or editorials for inclusion in this meta-analysis.\n\nTask: Among Breast cancer patients, is statin use associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in breast cancer-specific mortality compared with Non-statin users?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 551,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 552,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 553,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 554,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 555,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 63584,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 63507,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 556,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 557,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 558,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 559,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 560,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 561,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 562,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 563,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 564,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 565,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 566,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 567,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 568,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 569,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 570,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 571,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Statin use, particularly lipophilic statin use, is associated with lower breast cancer-specific mortality."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_18",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Women undergoing population breast cancer screening with varying breast densities (high-density/dense breasts versus low-density/non-dense breasts, classified by BI-RADS)\nIntervention: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening\nComparison: Digital mammography (DM) screening\nOutcome: Cancer detection rate (CDR) and recall rate, specifically the incremental differences between DBT and DM stratified by breast density\nPublication period: from 2009-01-01 00:00:00 through 2020-11-23 00:00:00\nEligible studies: asymptomatic women who attended population-based breast cancer screening programmes; compared DBT with DM; reported cancer detection and/or recall by breast density using American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System (BI-RADS) [9] (any edition); reported in English; studies using either a paired design (i.e. all participants underwent DBT and DM, allowing within-participant comparison) or unpaired design (i.e. comparison of separate groups that underwent DBT, with or without DM, versus DM alone) were both eligible for inclusion\nExclude: studies using an automated density assessment\n\nTask: Among Women undergoing population breast cancer screening with varying breast densities (high-density/dense breasts versus low-density/non-dense breasts, classified by BI-RADS), does digital breast tomosynthesis screening increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on incremental cancer detection compared with Digital mammography (DM) screening?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 580,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 581,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 582,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 583,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 584,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 585,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 586,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 587,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Digital breast tomosynthesis increases incremental cancer detection, especially in higher-density breasts."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_19",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with head and neck cancer\nExposure: Pre-treatment radiologically defined sarcopenia (deficit of skeletal muscle mass measured on cross-sectional CT or MR imaging)\nComparison: Patients without radiologically defined sarcopenia (non-sarcopenic patients)\nOutcome: Survival outcomes and treatment-related complications\nPublication period: up to 2023-06-30 00:00:00\nEligible studies: studies in patients with HNC where SMM was measured using CT and/or MRI imaging; reporting SMM measurements used as a predictive or prognostic factor; stratified patients in sarcopenic vs. non-sarcopenic groups; included a time-to-event analysis (survival analysis, including reporting of a HR) or a comparison of sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients (ORs or 2x2 tables)\nExclude: conference abstracts; review articles; studies that used SMM or SMI as a continuous variable; duplicate articles or articles with significant overlap (smaller sample size excluded)\n\nTask: Among Patients with head and neck cancer, is Pre-treatment radiologically defined sarcopenia (deficit of skeletal muscle mass measured on cross-sectional CT or MR imaging) associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in survival compared with Patients without radiologically defined sarcopenia (non-sarcopenic patients)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 680,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 65249,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 681,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 65209,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 682,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 65248,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 683,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 684,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 685,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 686,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 687,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 65395,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 688,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 689,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 65250,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 690,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 691,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 692,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 693,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 694,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 695,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 696,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 697,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 698,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 699,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 700,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 701,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 702,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 703,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 704,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 705,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 706,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 707,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 708,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 709,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 710,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 711,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 712,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 65272,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 713,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 714,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 65397,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 715,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 716,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 717,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Pre-treatment sarcopenia is associated with worse survival in patients with head and neck cancer."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_20",
"type": "diagnostic_performance",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: women undergoing cervical cancer screening, including HPV-positive women and HIV-positive women\nExposure: HPV E6/E7 oncoprotein test\nComparison: standard diagnostic methods/reference standard\nOutcome: detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (sensitivity and specificity)\nPublication period: up to 2021-12-31 00:00:00\nEligible studies: reporting original data; disease of interest was cervical precancer (CIN2+ /CIN3+); used a test targeting the E6 and/or the E7 oncoprotein; gold standard was colposcopy guided histology or negative colposcopy.\nExclude: in-vitro, animal-based or molecular studies; assessed a proof of concept for test development; samples different from exfoliated cervical/vaginal cells such as sera or tissue samples.\n\nTask: Among HPV-positive women, do HPV E6/E7 oncoprotein tests show low, moderate, or high specificity for detecting CIN3 or worse?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 794,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 795,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 796,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 797,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 798,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 799,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 800,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 801,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 802,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 803,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 804,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 805,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 66771,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 806,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "HPV E6/E7 oncoprotein tests show high specificity for detecting CIN3 or worse."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_21",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with myopia and myopic macular degeneration, including both population-based and hospital-based study participants\nExposure: Axial length (AL) of the eye\nComparison: Different grades of myopic macular degeneration (Category C0 as reference compared to C1, C2, C3, and C4)\nOutcome: Severity of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) categorized by META-PM classification (C0-C4), including odds ratios for MMD progression associated with AL increase\nPublication period: up to 2023-10-01 00:00:00\nEligible studies: (1) populationbased or hospital-based study; (2) detailed description of the definition and classification of MMD; and (3) information on AL for different grades of MMD.\nExclude: (1) case reports, animal experiments, and reviews; (2) unavailable full text; and (3) classification of MMD other than META-PM.\n\nTask: Among Patients with myopia and myopic macular degeneration, including both population-based and hospital-based study participants, is longer axial length associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in severity of myopic macular degeneration compared with Different grades of myopic macular degeneration (Category C0 as reference compared to C1, C2, C3, and C4)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3111,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3112,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3113,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3114,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3115,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3116,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3117,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3118,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3119,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 84929,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3120,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3121,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3122,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3123,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3124,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3125,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3126,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Longer axial length is associated with greater severity of myopic macular degeneration."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_22",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Adults, particularly the elderly population\nExposure: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), defined as a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance\nComparison: Adults without metabolic syndrome\nOutcome: Risk of cataract development, measured as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals\nPublication period: up to 2024-07-31 00:00:00\nEligible studies: The inclusion criteria for potential studies were defined according to the PICOS framework: P (Population): Adult population (aged 18 years or older). I (Exposure): Subjects with MetS, which was diagnosed according to the criteria used in the primary studies. C (Comparison): Subjects who did not meet the diagnostic criteria for MetS, as defined in the original studies. These individuals may have had one or more individual metabolic abnormalities but did not fulfil the full criteria for MetS diagnosis. O (Outcome): Incidence or prevalence of cataract, comparing outcomes between those with and without MetS. The diagnosis of cataract was also consistent with the methods and criteria used in the primary studies. S (Study Design): Observational studies, including cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies.\nExclude: Exclusion criteria included reviews, editorials, meta-analyses, preclinical studies, studies that did not evaluate MetS as exposure, or studies that did not report the outcome of cataract. In cases of overlapping populations, the study with the largest sample size was selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis.\n\nTask: Among Adults, particularly the elderly population, is metabolic syndrome associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in risk of cataract compared with Adults without metabolic syndrome?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3144,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 85118,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3145,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3146,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 85112,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 85109,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3147,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3148,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Metabolic syndrome is associated with a higher risk of cataract."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_23",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) rodent models\nIntervention: In vivo genetic therapies including antisense oligonucleotides (e.g., Nusinersen/Spinraza) and adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9) gene therapy (e.g., AVXS-101/Zolgensma)\nComparison: Untreated control SMA rodent models\nOutcome: Median survival (expressed as survival ratio compared to controls)\nPublication period: from 1950-01-01 00:00:00 through 2020-06-12 00:00:00\nEligible studies: [1]: genetic therapy was administered in vivo [2]; a rodent model of SMA was used [3]; median survival data was reported in text, or was calculable form Kaplan–Meier plots; and [4] the number of animals in control and treated groups were reported.\nExclude: Here, in vivo genetic therapy was defined as the introduction of genetic material (DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, viral vectors, bacterial vectors or genome editing technology) directly into an animal. All studies using pharmacological means to manipulate gene expression, for example histone deacetylase inhibitors or compounds such as Branaplam and Risdiplam, were excluded.\n\nTask: Among Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) rodent models, does in vivo gene therapies increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on survival compared with Untreated control SMA rodent models?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3275,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3276,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3277,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3278,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3279,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3280,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3281,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3282,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3283,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3284,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3285,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3286,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3287,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3288,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3289,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3290,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3291,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3292,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3293,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3294,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3295,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3296,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3297,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3298,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3299,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3300,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3301,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3302,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3303,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3304,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3305,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3306,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3307,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3308,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3309,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3310,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3311,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3312,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3313,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3314,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3315,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3316,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3317,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3318,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "In vivo gene therapies prolong survival in spinal muscular atrophy models relative to untreated controls."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_24",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) types 1 and 2\nIntervention: Gene-based therapies including onasemnogene abeparvovec, risdiplam, and nusinersen\nComparison: Comparison between different gene-based therapies (onasemnogene abeparvovec vs risdiplam vs nusinersen) and pre-treatment baseline status\nOutcome: Survival rate, need for ventilatory support, motor function improvement (CHOP-INTEND score ≥4 points), and adverse drug reactions (headaches, vomiting, gastrointestinal disorders)\nPublication period: up to 2024-05-31 00:00:00\nEligible studies: Initially, titles and abstracts were screened to identify potential studies. Clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies that reported the effects of gene-based therapy on patients with SMA types 1 and 2 were selected. The outcomes of interest were patient survival, the number of patients requiring ventilatory support, motor function improvement, and ADRs. Only studies published in English were included.\nExclude: Duplication; Irrelevance to spinal muscular atrophy and the studydesigns;Non-English language studies;No full-texts available;Lacked the outcomes of interest;Not investigated the effects ofgene-based therapyamong children with spinal muscular atrophy;Not estimated the effects of gene-based therapy;Study abstracts conference or poster presentations;studies excluded because of the variation in reportedoutcomes,and the differences in symptoms and functional status of patients\n\nTask: Among Patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) types 1 and 2, does gene-based therapies increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on survival compared with Comparison between different gene-based therapies (onasemnogene abeparvovec vs risdiplam vs nusinersen) and pre-treatment baseline status?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3319,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3320,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3321,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3322,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3323,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3324,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3325,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3326,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3327,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3328,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3329,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3330,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3331,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3332,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3333,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3334,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3335,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3336,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3337,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3338,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3339,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3340,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3341,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3342,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3343,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3344,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3345,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3346,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3347,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3348,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3349,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3350,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3351,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3352,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3353,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3354,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3355,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3356,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3357,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3358,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3359,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3360,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3361,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Gene-based therapies improve survival in spinal muscular atrophy, with onasemnogene abeparvovec showing particularly high survival."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_25",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: pregnant women and their newborns\nExposure: perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) biomarker concentrations\nComparison: lower PFOS exposure levels\nOutcome: birth weight (in grams)\nPublication period: from 2013-01-01 00:00:00 through 2024-04-18 00:00:00\nEligible studies: examining BW measures in relation to PFOS exposure biomarkers. From that list, studies were included in our metaanalysis if they: (1) reported regression coefficients (i.e., “betas” (βs)) for the association between BW changes and PFOS in both sexes individually or combined; (2) reported 95% CIs or other measures of variance such as a standard error or a p-value that allowed for CI estimation; (3) measured concentrations in maternal blood before, during or after pregnancy, or infant umbilical cord or heel stick collected after pregnancy.\nExclude: Another recent publication by Padula et al. [75] overlaps with several included studies from The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) wide cohort [33, 57, 63, 66]. Given the disparate sampling times across ECHO Cohorts, Padula et al. [33] was not included in our primary analysis but was considered in a sensitivity analysis. We obtained additional mean BW results from other related publications (e.g., Swedish Environmental Protection Agency [87] and from study authors [82]. One publication [90] was excluded because the study did not report the requisite data; correspondence with study authors requesting additional data went unanswered. Non-replies also precluded three studies from being in our meta-regression although there was enough data for their inclusion in the meta-analysis [30, 46, 64]. Following exclusion of these 14 studies (13 duplicates and 1 study with missing data), 58 publications examining 57 study populations underwent study quality evaluation. The analysis of boys in Marks et al. [91] and girls in Maisonet et al. [42] were from the same cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) study. Thus, Maisonet et al. [42] is used here as a label to include the pooled sex-specific results based on both of these publications. Three other sex-specific studies [45, 51, 60] were pooled individually using inverse-variance weighting which provided an effect estimate for the overall study population. For comparability with other publications that combined country-specific estimates (e.g., [41]) data from Norway and Sweden in Lauritzen et al. [59] were also pooled together. For the primary analysis, we excluded three studies [92-94] that met the inclusion criteria but were considered uninformative due to critical study deficiencies in some risk of bias domains (e.g., confounding; analysis) or multiple domain deficiencies.\n\nTask: Among pregnant women and their newborns, is higher PFOS exposure associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in birth weight compared with lower PFOS exposure levels?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3380,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3381,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3382,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 88586,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3383,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3384,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3385,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3386,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 86774,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3387,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3388,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3389,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3390,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3391,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3392,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3393,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 88178,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3394,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3395,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3396,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3397,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3398,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3399,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3400,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3401,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 70014,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3402,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 70015,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3403,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3404,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 86728,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3405,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3406,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3407,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3408,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3409,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3410,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3411,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3412,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Higher PFOS exposure is associated with lower birth weight."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_26",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with hypertension\nIntervention: Biofeedback (including various modalities such as heart rate variability biofeedback)\nComparison: Control conditions (standard care or no biofeedback intervention)\nOutcome: Blood pressure changes (systolic and diastolic blood pressure)\nPublication period: up to 2024-01-16 00:00:00\nEligible studies: Inclusion criteria were as follows: assessment of biofeedback (all modalities e.g., neurological, cardiovascular, physical) on systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure, randomised control trial, published in English, adult participants aged 18 and over, with a diagnosis of hypertension (office reading of systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg or home blood pressure readings of SBP ≥ 135 and/or DBP ≥ 85 mmHg) [14]. There was no specification for patients to be on specific types of hypertension treatment.\nExclude: Systematic reviews, editorial letters and conference abstracts were excluded.The main reasons for exclusion were study design not meeting the inclusion criteria (31%), articles not in English (18%), or outcomes outside of the inclusion criteria (14%).\n\nTask: Among Patients with hypertension, does Biofeedback (including various modalities such as heart rate variability biofeedback) increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on blood pressure compared with Control conditions (standard care or no biofeedback intervention)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3848,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3849,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3850,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3851,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3852,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3853,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3854,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3855,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3856,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3857,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3858,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3859,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3860,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 90639,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Biofeedback lowers blood pressure in adults with hypertension."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_27",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Adults with low-renin hypertension\nIntervention: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) therapy\nComparison: Placebo or ACE inhibitor/angiotensin-receptor-blocker therapy.\nOutcome: Blood pressure reduction (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and safety/tolerability\nPublication period: up to 2022-12-19 00:00:00\nEligible studies: RCTs of adults with LRH comparing MRA versus placebo or other antihypertensives were included. Outcomes of interest were a) change in BP, b) time to target BP, c) defined daily dose of antihypertensive required to achieve target BP, d) end-organ dysfunction and e) adverse effects.\nExclude: Participants with a known secondary cause of hypertension including PA or monogenic causes of LRH, records not in English language and conference abstracts were excluded.The rest were excluded as they did not meet our PICO criteria; incorrect population (not low-renin hypertension), intervention (not a randomised controlled trial assessing effect of MRA), comparison (not placebo or active drug) or outcome (change in BP, end-organ dysfunction or adverse effects were not reported).\n\nTask: Among adults with low-renin hypertension, does mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on systolic blood pressure compared with placebo or ACE inhibitor/angiotensin-receptor-blocker therapy?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3861,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3862,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3863,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 90757,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3864,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3865,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3866,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3867,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3868,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3869,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3870,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3871,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3872,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3873,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3874,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3875,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists lower systolic blood pressure more than placebo or ACE inhibitor/angiotensin-receptor-blocker therapy in low-renin hypertension."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_28",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation\nIntervention: Renal denervation (RDN) combined with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI)\nComparison: Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone\nOutcome: Atrial fibrillation recurrence, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and complication rate\nPublication period: from 2009-01-01 00:00:00 through 2021-06-01 00:00:00\nEligible studies: The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Original research articles, (2) published after January 1, 2009, in English language, (3) Level I or Level II prospective comparative studies that (4) assessed the effect of RDN on AF in patients with essential HTN that are undergoing PVI.\nExclude: The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Studies that assessed patients with secondary HTN, (2) type I diabetes mellitus, (3) latestage kidney disease/failure (mean eGFR <45 mL/min per 1.73 m2 ), (4) congestive heart failure, (5) left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 35% (6) studies published in non-English language.\n\nTask: Among Hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation, does renal denervation combined with pulmonary vein isolation increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on atrial fibrillation recurrence compared with Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3890,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3891,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3892,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3893,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3894,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Renal denervation combined with pulmonary vein isolation reduces atrial fibrillation recurrence compared with pulmonary vein isolation alone."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_29",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and treatment-resistant hypertension\nIntervention: Renal denervation (RDN) using endovascular catheter-based radiofrequency ablation of renal nerves\nComparison: Baseline measurements before renal denervation.\nOutcome: Office and ambulatory blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine levels, and procedural complication rates\nPublication period: from 2010-01-01 00:00:00 through 2022-11-15 00:00:00\nEligible studies: The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) original research articles, (2) published after January 1, 2010, in English language, (3) level I or level II prospective studies that (4) assessed the effect of RDN on patients with more than three months of an eGFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m² or signs of kidney damage such as albuminuria persisting for more than three months and (5) diagnosis of HTN.\nExclude: The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies that assessed patients with secondary causes of HTN other than CKD, (2) renovascular anomalies, (3) congestive heart failure, (4) left-ventricular ejection fraction <35%, (5) studies published in non-English language.\n\nTask: Among hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease and treatment-resistant hypertension, is renal denervation associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in office blood pressure compared with baseline measurements before the procedure?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3895,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3896,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3897,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3898,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3899,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3900,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3901,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "In hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease and treatment-resistant hypertension, renal denervation was associated with lower office blood pressure than baseline."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_30",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Adults with various health conditions including hypertension and healthy individuals\nIntervention: Exercise training (including endurance training and various exercise modalities)\nComparison: Non-exercise control conditions\nOutcome: Plasma renin activity, angiotensin-II, aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate\nPublication period: up to 2022-11-30 00:00:00\nEligible studies: We included RCTs in adults (over 18 years) that assessed RAAS parameters after exposing participants to different types of exercise training (e.g. aerobic, resistance or combined) as the main intervention for a minimum of 4 weeks duration.\nExclude: Crossover studies were excluded if the washout period was less than two weeks. Identified studies that did not report any of the required outcomes were excluded. 51 Full-text articles excluded: ·No exercise intervention (n=2) ·No control group(n=6) ·No data outcome measure of interest(n=26) ·Acute exercise(n=12) ·No data for control group (n=2) ·Cross-over studies(n=2) ·Data presented in a format not suitable forpooling(n=1)\n\nTask: Among Adults with various health conditions including hypertension and healthy individuals, does exercise training increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on angiotensin-II levels compared with Non-exercise control conditions?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3924,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3925,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3926,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3927,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3928,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3929,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3930,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3931,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3932,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3933,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3934,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3935,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3936,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Exercise training reduces angiotensin-II levels."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_31",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with hypertension\nIntervention: Chlorthalidone (CTLD) therapy\nComparison: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) therapy\nOutcome: Blood pressure control (systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure changes), safety profile (serum potassium and serum sodium levels)\nPublication period: from 1975-01-01 00:00:00 through 2017-12-31 00:00:00\nEligible studies: Randomized controlled studies and observational studies investigating different doses of CTLD and HCTZ; CTLD and HCTZ alone or in combination with other antihypertensive regimen; Determination of changes in systolic and/or diastolic BP and/or determination of changes in the serum levels of Na+ and/or K+; Type of participants: patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.\nExclude: Among them 1012 were excluded due to being duplicated or unrelated to the topic, 277 proved relevant to the topic; 28 were not dealing with direct comparison between HCTZ and CTLD.\n\nTask: Among Patients with hypertension, does chlorthalidone increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on systolic blood pressure compared with Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) therapy?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3937,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3938,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3939,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3940,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3941,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3942,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 91686,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3943,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3944,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Chlorthalidone lowers systolic blood pressure more than hydrochlorothiazide."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_32",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with psychiatric illness (including PTSD, terminal illness, depression, and other psychiatric conditions) receiving MDMA-assisted psychotherapy\nIntervention: MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AP)\nComparison: Placebo-assisted psychotherapy or control conditions\nOutcome: Side effects and adverse events (including any side effect during medication sessions, side effects in the 7 days following sessions, and adverse events during treatment period)\nPublication period: up to 2023-10-30\nEligible studies: Studies included were published in English-language peer-reviewed journals and involved administration of one or more MDMA doses to humans (any dose frequency and timing) combined with psychotherapy, with the aim of treating a target psychiatric condition.\nExclude: (1) studies not including psychotherapy; (2) papers not including original data e.g., reviews or commentaries; (3) conference abstracts; (4) book chapters; and (5) animal studies. These criteria meant that only Phase 2 and 3 studies were included: all Phase 1 studies assessed MDMA in the absence of psychotherapy\n\nTask: Among Patients with psychiatric illness (including PTSD, terminal illness, depression, and other psychiatric conditions) receiving MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, does MDMA-assisted psychotherapy increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on short-term side effects compared with Placebo-assisted psychotherapy or control conditions?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3956,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3957,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3958,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 46329,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3959,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3960,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7817,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 46327,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3961,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7818,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "MDMA-assisted psychotherapy increases short-term side effects relative to control conditions."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_33",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Individuals with substance use disorders including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants, and opioids\nIntervention: Neuromodulation therapies including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS)\nComparison: Sham stimulation or control conditions\nOutcome: Substance use outcomes including craving, consumption, and relapse\nPublication period: up to 2023-10-31\nEligible studies: Population (P): Studies recruiting participants (18+ years of age) diagnosed with SUD/dependence of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, methamphetamine, opioids, or cannabis, according to standardized criteria (e.g., DSM-IV or DSM-5); Intervention (I): Intervention employing either rTMS, tDCS, or DBS; Comparison (C): Studies including either sham stimulation, a control group receiving no intervention or an active control arm were included. DBS studies were exempted considering the ethical constraints on the use of control groups with invasive brain surgery/stimulation; Outcomes (O): Studies investigating substance-related outcomes (consumption, craving, cue-induced craving, abstinence, relapse) as primary or secondary outcomes of interest using a validated measurement tool (e.g. Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale [OCDS]; Study Design (S): Studies employing either a parallel (between-subject) or cross-over (within-subject) randomized controlled trial (RCT). For DBS, case series (N ≥ 2)\nExclude: (1) recruited participants without a SUD and/or a standardized criteria for diagnosis (e.g., \"heavy drinkers\"); (2) lacked a well-defined control group (rTMS and tDCS studies); (3) literature review, meta-analysis, dissertation, abstract, conference presentation or case report.\n\nTask: Among Individuals with substance use disorders including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, stimulants, and opioids, does neuromodulation therapies increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on substance-use craving compared with Sham stimulation or control conditions?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3971,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3972,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3973,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3974,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3975,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3976,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3977,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3978,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3979,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 93085,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 93193,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3980,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3981,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3982,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3983,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 93204,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3984,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3985,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3986,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3987,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3988,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3989,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3990,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3991,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3992,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3993,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3994,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3995,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3996,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3997,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 93443,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 93438,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3998,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Neuromodulation, particularly repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, reduces substance-use craving."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_34",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with schizophrenia on antipsychotic medication and healthy participants\nIntervention: Selective 5HT3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron, tropisetron, granisetron, dolasetron)\nComparison: Baseline measurements, placebo, or control conditions without 5HT3 antagonist treatment\nOutcome: Sensory gating (P50 suppression response), visuoperceptual processing, sustained visual attention, and sensorimotor function\nPublication period: up to 2021-08-31\nEligible studies: participants were administered a 5HT3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron, palonosetron, tropisetron, dolasetron, granisetron) and compared to those not taking a 5HT3 antagonist;studies if their primary or secondary outcomes involved evaluation of sensory or sensorimotor functioning, comprising investigations of auditory gating deficits, visuoperceptual functioning and any neuroimaging study outcomes.\nExclude: evaluated the impact of 5HT3 antagonists on pain or pruritus;protocols, case studies, dissertation theses, meeting abstracts, unpublished dissertations, and conference presentations;not written in English\n\nTask: Among Patients with schizophrenia on antipsychotic medication and healthy participants, does selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on P50 sensory-gating impairment compared with Baseline measurements, placebo, or control conditions without 5HT3 antagonist treatment?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 93632,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4021,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 93634,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4022,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4023,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4024,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4025,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4026,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4027,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists improve P50 sensory-gating impairment in schizophrenia."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_35",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with schizophrenia\nIntervention: Opioid antagonists (naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, and buprenorphine)\nComparison: Placebo\nOutcome: Changes in positive, negative, total, and general symptoms of schizophrenia measured by symptom assessment scales\nPublication period: from 1970-01-01 through 2019-02-28\nEligible studies: “We included placebo-controlled clinical trials of naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, or buprenorphine in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniaform, or schizoaffective disorder, of any length of follow-up, conducted from 1970 through February 2019, and published as a journal article in English. Studies were required to be single or double blind but were not required to be randomized (although many specified that they were). ... Finally, studies must have reported the effect of active drug versus placebo on symptoms of schizophrenia, our outcome of interest (positive, negative, total, or general).”\nExclude: single-patient case reports, lack of placebo control, failure to specify direction of effect , administration of mixed novel therapeutic drugs other than opioid antagonists (not including baseline antipsychotic treatments), change in design midway through the study,data from the patients with other diagnoses, and no English translation available for the full text.\n\nTask: Among Patients with schizophrenia, does opioid antagonists increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on schizophrenia symptom severity compared with Placebo?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 4201,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4202,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4203,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4204,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4205,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4206,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4207,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4208,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4209,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4210,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4211,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4212,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4213,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4214,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4215,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4216,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4217,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 95165,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 95166,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4218,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4219,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4220,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4221,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Opioid antagonists reduce overall schizophrenia symptom severity."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_36",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with depression receiving electroconvulsive therapy\nIntervention: Ultrabrief-pulse high-dose right-unilateral electroconvulsive therapy.\nComparison: Conventional brief-pulse electroconvulsive therapy.\nOutcome: Reported pooled remission rate.\nPublication period: from 2007-01-01 through 2024-09-17\nEligible studies: Studies met eligibility criteria if they included adults (age ≥ 18) meeting operationalised criteria (Research Diagnostic Criteria, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM] or International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) for a major depressive episode (unipolar or bipolar) where depression symptom severity was assessed using a validated depression rating scale (e.g., Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD], Montgomery‑Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS], etc.).\nExclude: Studies reporting outcomes solely based on clinical impression;Samples treated with non‑standard ECT administration schedules (e.g., daily ECT) or experimental ECT parameters (e.g. low amplitudes outside of the conventional 800‑900 milliampere range);samples where patients were concurrently receiving another somatic intervention for depression alongside ECT (e.g., subanaesthetic or anaesthetic doses of ketamine, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation);Case reports or series with ≤ 10 participants and nonhuman studies, conference abstracts, unpublished theses, editorials and reviews.\n\nTask: Among patients with depression receiving electroconvulsive therapy, how did the reported pooled remission rate after ultrabrief-pulse high-dose right-unilateral ECT compare with conventional brief-pulse ECT?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7100,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7101,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7102,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7103,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 39014,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7104,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7105,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7106,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7107,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7108,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7109,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7110,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7111,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7112,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7113,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7114,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7115,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7116,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7117,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7118,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7119,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7120,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7121,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7122,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7123,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 39110,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7124,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7125,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Ultrabrief-pulse high-dose right-unilateral ECT had a lower reported pooled remission rate than conventional brief-pulse ECT."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_37",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Living, unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder.\nExposure: Major depressive disorder diagnosis or death by suicide\nComparison: Healthy controls without major depressive disorder.\nOutcome: In vivo cortical 5-HT2A receptor binding.\nPublication period: up to 2024-09-06\nEligible studies: PET or SPECT study of cortical 5-HT2A binding in depression Using a radioligand with satisfactory 5-HT2A affinity and selectivity Mean regional binding values reported, with standard deviation (SD) or standard error of the mean (SEM) For patients: history of MDE or MDD; depressed at time of scanning For controls: no known history of MDE or MDD; not depressed at time of scanning All dates of publication Human subjects of all ages\nExclude: For patients: history of bipolarity; comorbid psychiatric or neurological illness; significant physical illness; euthymic at time of scanning Controls: any psychiatric, neurological or significant relevant physical illness Non-human subjects Non-English language Review article or inappropriate study design Non peer-reviewed publication (e.g., conference abstract, letter to editor, preprint) Duplicate hit (in current or previous search)\n\nTask: Among living, unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder, is major depressive disorder associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in cortical 5-HT2A receptor binding compared with healthy controls?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7126,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7127,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7128,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7129,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7130,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7131,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7132,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 39301,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7133,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7134,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7135,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7136,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7137,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7138,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7139,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7140,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7141,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7142,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7143,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7144,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7145,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7146,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7147,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Living, unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder have reduced cortical 5-HT2A receptor binding compared with healthy controls."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_38",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Individuals with depression, predominantly major depressive disorder (mean age 41.88 years, 60.78% females)\nIntervention: Theta burst stimulation protocols including cTBS (R-DLPFC), cTBS (R-DLPFC) + iTBS (L-DLPFC), iTBS (L-DLPFC), iTBS (L-DLPFC) + iTBS (R-DLPFC), iTBS (left-dorsomedial prefrontal cortex) + iTBS (right-dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), and iTBS (occipital lobe)\nComparison: Sham stimulation\nOutcome: Response rate (primary), depression symptom improvement, remission rate, all-cause discontinuation rate, incidence of switch to mania, and incidence of headache/discomfort at treatment site\nPublication period: up to 2023-08-04\nEligible studies: (1) published and unpublished RCTs that had at least two TBS treatment sessions, (2) RCTs including individuals with both or either major depressive disorder (MDD) and/or bipolar depression (BDep), (3) RCTs including individuals with TRD and/or individuals with no TRD.\nExclude: (1) RCTs that included individuals with a dual diagnosis of depression and substance- use disorders and (2) RCTs that included individuals with other psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia other than MDD and BDep.\n\nTask: Among Individuals with depression, predominantly major depressive disorder (mean age 41.88 years, 60.78% females), does theta-burst stimulation increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on treatment response compared with Sham stimulation?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 4260,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7270,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7271,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7272,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7273,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7274,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7275,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7276,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7277,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7278,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7279,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 4261,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7280,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7281,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7282,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7283,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7284,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7285,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7286,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7287,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7288,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7289,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Theta-burst stimulation, particularly left-DLPFC iTBS, improves treatment response in depression compared with sham stimulation."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_39",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: adults with major depressive disorder in the maintenance phase (stabilized on antidepressants)\nIntervention: antidepressants (20 different types including agomelatine, amitriptyline, bupropion, citalopram, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline, tianeptine, venlafaxine, vilazodone, and vortioxetine)\nComparison: placebo\nOutcome: 6-month relapse rate (primary), all-cause discontinuation, discontinuation due to adverse events, and incidence of individual adverse events\nPublication period: up to 2022-05-22\nEligible studies: (1) DBRPCTs with a minimum duration of 12 weeks and (2) DBRPCTs with an enrichment design in which patients were stabilized on the antidepressant of interest during the open-label study and then randomized to receive the same antidepressant or a placebo.\nExclude: (1) studies focusing on specific generations (e.g., children and/or adolescents or older individuals) because the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in children and older individuals differ from those in the general adult population [1]; (2) studies including individuals with a dual diagnosis of MDD and other disorders because these studies could lead to heterogeneity [1]; and (3) continuation studies in which individuals with acute symptoms were randomly assigned to treatment groups (i.e., the target population for a continuation study was individuals with MDD in the acute phase).\n\nTask: Among adults with major depressive disorder in the maintenance phase (stabilized on antidepressants), does maintenance antidepressant treatment increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on six-month relapse compared with placebo?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7353,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 41124,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7354,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7355,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7356,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7357,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7358,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7359,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7360,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7361,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7362,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7363,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7364,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7365,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7366,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7367,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7368,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7369,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 41239,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7370,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7371,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 41107,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7372,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7373,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7374,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7375,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7376,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7377,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Maintenance antidepressant treatment generally reduces six-month relapse compared with placebo."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_40",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with bipolar disorder or depression.\nExposure: Gut dysbiosis (measured by proxy biomarkers including zonulin, lipopolysaccharide, antibodies against endotoxin, sCD14, LBP, and alpha-1-antitrypsin)\nComparison: Healthy controls.\nOutcome: Zonulin levels.\nPublication period: up to 2020-04-30\nEligible studies: (i) case-control studies reporting data on proxy markers of gut dysbiosis in patients vs. controls; and (ii) studies investigating the association of these biomarkers with symptom severity and treatment response.\nExclude: not in English;Reviews, studies published in conference abstracts, letters to the editor\n\nTask: Among patients with bipolar disorder or depression, are zonulin levels higher, lower, or not clearly different compared with healthy controls?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7378,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7379,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7380,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7381,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7382,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7383,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7384,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7385,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7386,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7387,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7388,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7389,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7390,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7391,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7392,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7393,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7394,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7395,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7396,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7397,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7398,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7399,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 41429,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7400,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7401,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Zonulin levels are elevated in bipolar disorder and depression compared with healthy controls."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_41",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with major depressive disorder who achieved remission with antidepressant medication during acute treatment\nIntervention: Continuation of the same antidepressant medication used to achieve remission (maintenance therapy)\nComparison: Switching to placebo (discontinuation of antidepressant)\nOutcome: Relapse rate, treatment failure, all-cause dropout, tolerability (acceptability)\nPublication period: up to 2018-10-10\nEligible studies: Double-blind RCTs; discontinuation trial design; All participants were diagnosed with MDD through the following operationalized criteria: Feighner criteria, Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-5, and ICD-10.\nExclude: the studies focused on bipolar disorder, personality disorder, substance use disorder, refractory depression, seasonal depression, perinatal depression, and other types of depression caused by certain physical diseases.\n\nTask: Among Patients with major depressive disorder who achieved remission with antidepressant medication during acute treatment, does continuation of antidepressant maintenance therapy increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on relapse compared with Switching to placebo (discontinuation of antidepressant)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7373,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7363,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7369,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7481,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7360,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7482,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7374,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7356,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7376,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7370,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7371,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7355,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7357,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7359,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7375,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7483,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7377,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7364,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7358,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7366,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7368,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7484,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7354,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 41239,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 41107,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7485,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7486,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7487,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7367,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7372,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7488,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7362,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7361,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Continuation of antidepressant maintenance therapy reduces relapse compared with discontinuation."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_42",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with anxiety disorders (social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder)\nExposure: Presence of anxiety disorders (social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or panic disorder)\nComparison: Healthy controls\nOutcome: Brain neurometabolite levels including n-acetylaspartate (NAA), total creatine (tCr), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol, glutamate, glutamate+glutamine (glx), GABA, and lactate measured by 1H-MRS\nPublication period: up to 2024-09-25\nExclude: Records not full text, English- language, brain 1H- MRS studies comparing patients currently meeting diagnostic criteria for GAD, PD, or SAD to healthy controls (HCs)\n\nTask: Among Patients with anxiety disorders (social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder), is anxiety disorders associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in cortical choline-containing compounds compared with Healthy controls?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7557,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 43492,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7558,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7559,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7560,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7561,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7562,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7563,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7564,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7565,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7566,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7567,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7568,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7569,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7570,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7571,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7572,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7573,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Anxiety disorders are associated with reduced cortical choline-containing compounds."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_43",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients undergoing surgery\nIntervention: Perioperative intravenous administration of ketamine\nComparison: Placebo\nOutcome: Postoperative depression scores, postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and adverse effects (nausea and vomiting, headache, hallucination, dizziness)\nPublication period: up to 2022-05-22\nEligible studies: (1) randomized studies that explored the perioperative application of ketamine (experimental group) in comparison with a control group (saline or other drugs) for postoperative depressed mood; and (2) articles on human clinical trials.\nExclude: (1) reviews, case reports, or nonrandomized studies or (2) included no experimental or control group or the relevant data on the interesting outcomes could not be extracted.\n\nTask: Among Patients undergoing surgery, does perioperative ketamine increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on postoperative depression symptoms compared with Placebo?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7638,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7639,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7640,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7641,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7642,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7643,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7644,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7645,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7646,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7647,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7648,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7649,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7650,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Perioperative ketamine reduces postoperative depression symptoms compared with placebo."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_44",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with preclinical Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, and AD dementia\nExposure: Neuroinflammatory fluid biomarker levels (YKL-40, sTREM2, and GFAP) in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma\nComparison: Different clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (preclinical, MCI, mild/moderate/severe dementia) and cognitively normal controls\nOutcome: Association with AD clinical stage, disease progression, and long-term clinical outcomes including cognitive decline\nPublication period: from 2012-02-29 through 2023-02-07\nEligible studies: (1) studies involving adult patients ≥ 18 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of MCI due to AD, dementia due to AD, or AD; (2) studies examining the association of neuroinflammation with AD or with long-term outcomes such as disease progression, memory impairment, executive functioning, or neuropsychiatric symptoms; (3) studies in the English language published between February 1, 2012, and February 7, 2023, without any geographical restrictions.\nExclude: Non-human studies, review articles, editorials, comments, case reports, and case series\n\nTask: Among Patients with preclinical Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, and AD dementia, is higher CSF YKL-40 levels associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in progression from MCI to Alzheimer dementia compared with Different clinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (preclinical, MCI, mild/moderate/severe dementia) and cognitively normal controls?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7667,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7668,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7669,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7670,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7671,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7672,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7673,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7674,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Higher CSF YKL-40 levels are associated with greater progression risk from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer dementia."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_45",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Individuals with periodontal diseases (periodontitis and gingivitis)\nExposure: Periodontal disease status (periodontitis, gingivitis) and lipocalin-2 expression levels\nComparison: Healthy controls without periodontal disease, and comparison between periodontitis and gingivitis patients\nOutcome: Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) concentrations in body fluids (gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, serum), association with inflammatory markers, relationship with systemic diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes), and changes in LCN-2 levels following periodontal treatment\nPublication period: from 2000-01-01 through 2024-12-31\nEligible studies: Population (P): Subjects ≥18 years old with gingivitis and/or periodontitis. … Intervention (I): Screening tests and studies based on any kind of periodontal therapy. Control (C): Periodontally and systemically healthy individuals. Outcome (O): Changes in LCN-2 concentrations and at least 3 periodontal health parameters… Studies (S): Observational studies: cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, prospective. Experimental studies: Randomized controlled trials. Published from 2000 to 2024\nExclude: animal or in vitro studies, reviews, case reports, editor letters, meta-analyses, or congress abstracts, studies with insufficient data on LCN-2 concentrations, and studies reporting LCN-2 levels in systemic diseases without periodontitis.\n\nTask: Among Individuals with periodontal diseases (periodontitis and gingivitis), is periodontal disease associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in lipocalin-2 levels compared with Healthy controls without periodontal disease, and comparison between periodontitis and gingivitis patients?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7707,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7708,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7709,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7710,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7711,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7712,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7713,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Periodontal disease is associated with elevated lipocalin-2 levels."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_46",
"type": "diagnostic_performance",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Neonates (<28 days) requiring endotracheal intubation in acute care settings including NICUs and delivery rooms\nExposure: Point-of-care tracheal ultrasonography (POCUS) for endotracheal tube placement confirmation\nComparison: Gold-standard confirmation methods (capnography, chest radiography, or direct laryngoscopy)\nOutcome: Diagnostic accuracy measures including sensitivity, specificity, and area under the SROC curve for detecting proper tracheal placement and esophageal misplacement\nPublication period: up to 2025-05-31\nExclude: case reports, cadaveric or animal studies, studies reporting on pediatric subjects, and conference abstracts lacking full- text data, and studies not in English Language.\n\nTask: Among neonates requiring endotracheal intubation, does point-of-care tracheal ultrasonography show low, moderate, or high sensitivity for confirming correct endotracheal-tube placement?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 45789,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7762,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7763,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7764,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7765,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7766,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7767,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7768,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7769,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Point-of-care tracheal ultrasonography shows high sensitivity for confirming correct endotracheal-tube placement."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_47",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (particularly those born at or before 28 weeks gestational age)\nIntervention: Beractant (bovine-derived pulmonary surfactant) versus poractant alfa (porcine-derived pulmonary surfactant) as rescue therapy\nComparison: Poractant alfa (when beractant is the intervention) or beractant (when poractant alfa is the intervention)\nOutcome: Death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), pneumothorax, air leak syndrome, and other clinical outcomes including pulmonary hemorrhage, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, and intraventricular hemorrhage\nPublication period: up to 2019-03-27\nEligible studies: prospective or retrospective clinical studies that compared beractant and paractant alfa for the treatment (but not prevention) of RDS in premature infants\nExclude: Duplicates, meeting abstracts, review articles, prior meta-analyses, and other inapplicable sources; hose not meeting the study inclusion criteria or not including the endpoints of interest were discarded.\n\nTask: Among Premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (particularly those born at or before 28 weeks gestational age), does beractant increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on mortality compared with Poractant alfa (when beractant is the intervention) or beractant (when poractant alfa is the intervention)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7777,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7778,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7779,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7780,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 45915,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7781,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7782,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7783,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7784,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7785,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7786,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7787,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7788,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7789,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7790,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7791,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Beractant and poractant alfa show no clear difference in mortality among premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_48",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with schizophrenia, including first episode of psychosis\nExposure: Schizophrenia diagnosis\nComparison: Healthy volunteers/controls\nOutcome: White-matter free-water levels measured by diffusion MRI\nPublication period: from 2009-01-01 through 2020-10-23\nEligible studies: (1) original research article; (2) use of DTI and the FW bi-tensor model; (3) reports of FW values, with sufficient information to determine the group mean and variance or effect size; (4) inclusion of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophrenia form patients as determined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; (5) inclusion of a control group of healthy volunteers with no history of psychiatric conditions.\"\nExclude: (1) studies that did not report original, peer-reviewed data, such as review articles and conference abstracts; (2) studies that did not report FW imaging values; (3) studies not including patients with schizophrenia; (4) not including a healthy volunteer comparison group; (5) studies only reporting a FW analysis in grey matter; (6) use of concurrent environmental manipulations (e.g. stress or food deprivation models).\"\n\nTask: Among Patients with schizophrenia, including first episode of psychosis, is schizophrenia associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in white-matter free-water levels compared with Healthy volunteers/controls?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 3962,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3963,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3967,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3968,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7819,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3969,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Schizophrenia is associated with higher white-matter free-water levels than healthy control status."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_49",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Offspring of women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)\nExposure: Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis\nComparison: Offspring of women without polycystic ovary syndrome\nOutcome: Birth outcomes including preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, mean birthweight, small for gestational age, admission to neonatal intensive care units, and perinatal mortality\nPublication period: from 2017-01-01 through 2022-06-13\nEligible studies: Eligible studies included studies reporting observational data on preterm birth, birthweight, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, small for gestational age, macrosomia, and large for gestational age in offspring of both women with and without PCOS. Our search was limited to studies published in English. A protocol amendment was made to only include studies where the PCOS diagnosis met the Rotterdam criteria.\nExclude: Studies published in languages other than English, case reports, case series, editorials, scoping, and narrative reviews were excluded. Additionally, we excluded studies using self-reported or International Classification of Diseases (ICD) for PCOS diagnosis, and studies not reporting the outcomes of interest in the two groups of PCOS versus non-PCOS.\n\nTask: Among Offspring of women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is maternal PCOS associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in risk of preterm birth compared with Offspring of women without polycystic ovary syndrome?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7821,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7822,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 46714,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7823,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7824,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7825,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7826,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7827,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7828,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7829,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7830,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7831,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7832,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7833,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7834,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7835,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7836,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7837,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 46682,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7838,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7839,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7840,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7841,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7842,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7843,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7844,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7845,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7846,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7847,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7848,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7849,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7850,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7851,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7852,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7853,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7854,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7855,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7856,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7857,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7858,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7859,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7860,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7861,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7862,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7863,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7864,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7865,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Maternal PCOS is associated with a higher risk of preterm birth."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_50",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Older adults aged over 55 years without dementia\nIntervention: Group arts interventions (shared artistic experiences such as dance, painting, and other art forms)\nComparison: Control conditions (including non-intervention control groups in randomised and non-randomised controlled studies)\nOutcome: Depression and anxiety symptom levels\nPublication period: up to 2024-02-29\nEligible studies: The average age of the study participants was set at ≥55 yr; interventions had to involve engagement in one or more creative arts activities or therapies; only interventions with control groups were included; studies that measured depression and anxiety pre- and post intervention were included; both randomized control and non-randomized controlled trials were included to capture a wide range of interventions and approaches; all studies had to be written in English to be included.\nExclude: As we were interested in understanding the potential benefits of arts interventions for older adults without impairment in cognitive functioning that affects daily life, populations of individuals with dementia were excluded. In light of our focus on group-based interventions, interventions delivered individually were excluded. For anxiety, trait-specific measures such as the trait items from the state–trait anxiety inventory were not included.\n\nTask: Among Older adults aged over 55 years without dementia, does group arts interventions increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on depression symptoms compared with Control conditions (including non-intervention control groups in randomised and non-randomised controlled studies)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 7987,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7988,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7989,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7990,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7991,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7992,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7993,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7994,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7995,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7996,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7997,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7998,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 7999,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8000,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8001,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8002,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8003,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8004,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8005,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8006,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8007,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8008,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8009,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8010,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8011,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8012,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Group arts interventions reduce depression symptoms in older adults."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_51",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with mental health disorders (transdiagnostic, including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, posttraumatic stress, and other psychiatric disorders)\nIntervention: Acute augmentations of psychological therapy (including pharmacological agents such as D-cycloserine, brain stimulation, psychedelics, cognitive bias modification, exercise, and controlled breathing)\nComparison: Psychological therapy without augmentation or with control/placebo augmentation\nOutcome: Severity of mental health problems (psychiatric symptoms), particularly transdiagnostic dimensions of 'Fear' and 'Distress'\nPublication period: up to 2022-05-25\nEligible studies: 1. Participants had a diagnosed mental disorder according to a validated questionnaire or interview assessment, or presented with subthreshold clinical symptoms, and in which the mean age of the sample was over 18 years. Mental disorders included mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, trauma and stressor-related disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and substance-use disorders. Patients with comorbidities were not excluded. 2. Treatment involved manualized psychological therapy (for example, cognitive behavioral therapy) combined with an acute augmentation (for example, exercise) administered before, during, or after the therapy with the aim of enhancing the effect of the psychological therapy on mental health problems. Psychological therapy could have taken place face to face or online but was required to have been at least partially clinician-led (not self-guided). Manualized therapies are those for which a manual or guide exists (for example, cognitive behavioral therapy for depression). 3. A control or comparison group for the acute augmentation was included, namely, a placebo drug, treatment as usual, another psychological treatment, wait list, sham brain stimulation, or sham cognitive training. We recorded the primary mental health-related outcome reported in the study (for example, interview, self-report questionnaire, or physiological measure). Included studies could be randomized or non-randomized controlled trials, including feasibility trials. Studies were required to include at least one session of psychological therapy and one acute augmentation aimed at enhancing the effects of the psychological therapy.\nExclude: We excluded studies aimed at treating neurological disorders or neurodevelopmental disorders unless the primary outcome of the intervention was a mental health symptom. We also excluded studies in which the intervention was a longer-term combination treatment, the study did not report any mental health-related outcomes measured on a continuous scale, the study was a case report, case series, conference abstract or animal study or the data presented were insufficient to calculate effect sizes.\n\nTask: Among Patients with mental health disorders (transdiagnostic, including anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, posttraumatic stress, and other psychiatric disorders), does acute augmentation of psychological therapy increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on psychiatric symptom severity compared with Psychological therapy without augmentation or with control/placebo augmentation?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 8186,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8187,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8188,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3990,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8189,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 56116,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8190,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8191,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8192,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8193,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3961,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3958,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 46329,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8194,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 3960,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 46327,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8195,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8196,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8197,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8198,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8199,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8200,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8201,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8202,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8203,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8204,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8205,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8206,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8207,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8208,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8209,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8210,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8211,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8212,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8213,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8214,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8215,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8216,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8217,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8218,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8219,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8220,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8221,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8222,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8223,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8224,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8225,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8226,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 56034,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8227,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8228,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8229,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8230,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8231,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8232,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8233,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8234,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8235,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8236,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8237,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8238,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8239,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8240,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8241,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8242,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8243,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8244,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8245,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8246,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8247,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8248,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8249,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8250,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8251,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8252,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8253,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8254,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8255,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8256,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8257,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 8258,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Acute augmentation of psychological therapy generally reduces psychiatric symptom severity."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_52",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Adults (≥18 years) with schizophrenia\nExposure: Presence of schizophrenia diagnosis\nComparison: Healthy controls\nOutcome: Syntactic comprehension and production performance measured by Cohen's d effect sizes and log coefficient of variation ratio across 6 domains (2 comprehension, 4 production)\nPublication period: up to 2024-05-01\nEligible studies: (1) enrolled adults (aged 18 or above) diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or schizophreniform psychosis) and a control group of healthy adults without known psychiatric disorders; (2) assessed speech production and/or comprehension, focusing on grammar and syntax. Only empirical studies with quantitative measures derived in the same manner from both groups were included.\nExclude: Studies focused on subjects <18 years of age, case reports/case series, and those without a healthy control group were excluded. One study with a retraction notice was also excluded. Studies with unconventional criteria for syntactic complexity and those without quantitative measures or plots that allowed effect size estimation were also excluded.\n\nTask: Among Adults (≥18 years) with schizophrenia, is schizophrenia associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in syntactic comprehension and production compared with Healthy controls?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 1042,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1043,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1044,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1045,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1046,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1047,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1048,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1049,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1050,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1051,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1052,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1053,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1054,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1055,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1056,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1057,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1058,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1059,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1060,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1061,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1062,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1063,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1064,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 20450,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1065,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1066,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1067,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1068,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1069,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1070,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1071,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Schizophrenia is associated with poorer syntactic comprehension and production."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_53",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: General population with intelligence test scores obtained in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood (under 21 years of age), excluding clinical populations without healthy controls\nExposure: Lower intelligence (IQ) as measured by standardized intelligence tests in early life\nComparison: Higher intelligence levels within the study populations\nOutcome: Risk of later-life physical illness (e.g., diabetes, arthritis, stroke) and mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia, depression, dementia, bipolar disorder)\nPublication period: up to 2023-05-19\nEligible studies: First, studies were required to report standardized intelligence test scores obtained in child hood, adolescence, or early adulthood (<21 years of age) and their asso ciation with later-life health outcomes. Second, we only considered studies with clinical health conditions as outcomes, including those that linked physical parameters (e.g., blood pressure) or biomarkers (e.g., blood glucose levels) to clinical diagnoses. Fourth, studies that focused solely on clinical patient cohorts were omitted, but case-control studies were included.\nExclude: Third, we excluded studies estimating intelli gence levels from later-life sociodemographic information. Fifth, studies that only reported associations of early life intelligence with mortality but did not report health outcomes were excluded. Finally, we excluded duplicate publications of identical outcomes based on identical data. Studies were not required to report individual level data.\n\nTask: Among General population with intelligence test scores obtained in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood (under 21 years of age), excluding clinical populations without healthy controls, is lower early-life IQ associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in risk of later-life mental or physical illness compared with Higher intelligence levels within the study populations?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 1249,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1250,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1251,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1252,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1253,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1254,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1255,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1256,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1257,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1258,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1259,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 22342,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1260,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1261,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1262,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1263,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1264,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1265,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1266,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1267,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1268,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1269,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1270,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1271,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1272,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1273,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1274,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1275,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1276,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1277,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1278,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 22349,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Lower early-life IQ is associated with a higher risk of later-life mental or physical illness."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_54",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Individuals with bipolar disorder\nExposure: Bipolar disorder diagnosis (including different mood states: mania, depression, euthymia)\nComparison: Healthy control subjects, and in some analyses, individuals with unipolar depression or schizophrenia\nOutcome: Basal free intracellular calcium ion concentrations ([Ca2+]) in platelets and lymphocytes, and stimulated [Ca2+] response to 5-HT or thrombin\nPublication period: up to 2019-07-18\nEligible studies: intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, at baseline or after stimulation; measures of calcium flux or mobilisation; calcium-mediated electrophysiological signals; all cell types (including those derived from induced pluripotent stem cells [iPSC])\nExclude: We excluded studies of blood or other body fluids, and studies measuring calcium-related molecules such as calcium channels, calcium-binding pro teins, Ca2+-ATPase, or TRPC7. We also excluded animal models of bipolar disorder.\n\nTask: Among Individuals with bipolar disorder, is bipolar disorder associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in intracellular calcium levels compared with Healthy control subjects, and in some analyses, individuals with unipolar depression or schizophrenia?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 1422,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1423,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1424,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1425,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1426,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 24289,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1427,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1428,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1429,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1430,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1431,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1432,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1433,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1434,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1435,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1436,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1437,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1438,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1439,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1440,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1441,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1442,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1443,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1444,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1445,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Bipolar disorder is associated with elevated intracellular calcium levels."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_55",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Postmortem brain tissue samples from patients with schizophrenia\nExposure: Schizophrenia diagnosis\nComparison: Healthy controls (postmortem brain tissue from individuals without schizophrenia)\nOutcome: Synaptic protein levels (synaptophysin, SNAP-25, PSD-95, VAMP, syntaxin, complexins, synapsins, rab3A, synaptotagmin) and mRNA measures in various brain regions (hippocampus, frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, occipital cortex, temporal cortex)\nPublication period: up to 2017-07-01\nEligible studies: 1) original articles reporting human postmortem data; 2) included data from cases with a diagnosis of schizophrenia determined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual or International Classification of Disease criteria; 3) included data from a healthy control group; 4) reported group measures for synaptophysin, SNAP-25, syntaxin, VAMP (also called synaptobrevin), complexin, synapsin, rab3a, synaptotagmin, or PSD-95; 5) published in a peer-reviewed journal; 6) written in English; 7) compared synaptophysin levels among groups.\nExclude: 1) studies in patients with comorbid neurological disorders; 2) studies exclusively in animal models; 3) presented data which were not original (such as reviews); 4) studies which included the same postmortem brain material as other included studies (thus representing a duplicated subject) were excluded to avoid double counting; we did not exclude studies that used the same brains for studying different regions or different proteins; 5) did not provide data in a form that enabled group mean and/or variance to be determined, and the authors did not provide this information when requested.\n\nTask: Among Postmortem brain tissue samples from patients with schizophrenia, is schizophrenia associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in synaptophysin levels in hippocampal and frontal regions compared with Healthy controls (postmortem brain tissue from individuals without schizophrenia)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 1677,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1678,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1679,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1680,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1681,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1682,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1683,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1684,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 26707,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1685,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1686,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1687,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1688,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1689,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1690,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1691,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1692,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1693,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1694,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 26785,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1696,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1697,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1698,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1699,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1700,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1701,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1702,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1703,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 26911,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1704,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1705,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 26869,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1706,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1707,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1708,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1709,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1710,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1711,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1712,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1713,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1714,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1715,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1716,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1717,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1718,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1719,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1720,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1721,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1722,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1723,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Schizophrenia is associated with reduced synaptophysin levels in hippocampal and frontal cortical regions."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_56",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Rodents.\nIntervention: Acute and chronic ketamine administration at sub-anaesthetic and anaesthetic doses\nComparison: Drug-free baseline or control condition.\nOutcome: Dopamine levels in rodent brain regions.\nPublication period: from 1972-07-01 through 2016-07-15\nEligible studies: (1) racemic ketamine administered at sub-anaesthetic doses (⩽100 mg kg−1 i.p. in rodents), (2) measures of dopamine levels in brain\nExclude: (1) studies which used ketamine at anaesthetic doses (100 mg/kg i.p. in rodents), (2) studies which lacked a baseline condition or control group, (3) studies that were in non-English language, (4) studies that did not report original data, (5) not reporting the s.d.s or s.e.m, (6) in vitro studies, and (7) studies that did not report dopamine levels although they may report other dopaminergic outcome measures (for example, metabolite levels).\n\nTask: Among rodents, does acute ketamine administration increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on dopamine levels compared with drug-free baseline or control conditions?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 1835,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1836,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1837,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1838,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1839,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1840,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1841,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Acute ketamine administration increases dopamine levels in several rodent brain regions."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_57",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Adults with hypertension\nIntervention: Digital therapeutics (DTx) intervention\nComparison: Control group (usual care or conventional lifestyle interventions)\nOutcome: Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure control rate, body mass index, weight, waist circumference, and physical activity\nPublication period: up to 2023-09-10\nEligible studies: (1) adult patients (≥18 years) with hypertension who were defined: as patients with inadequately controlled blood pressure (BP≥140/90mmHg or home BP≥ 135/95 mmHg whether or not they are receiving hypertension medication) and stage 1 hypertension (BP is 130–139 or 80–89mmHg). (2) software was included if it was used for more than one disease (e.g., diabetes and hypertension) and patients with hypertension or comorbid diseases were included as study participants. (3) the intervention in the experimental group fit into the following intervention criteria for DTx. (4) changes in SBP or diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood pressure control, and and health related out comes were reported, excluding articles that reported only outcomes not related to improvements of health management. (5) had a comparison group receiving usual clinical care, health education, advice only, or standard follow-up.\nExclude: Through other channels that are not specifically designed for hypertension management algorithms or programs are not eligible, such as telephone, WeChat, SMS, and e-mail, etc. Any program, website, or app that is used only for hyper tension monitoring or self-reporting, without a feedback interactive system, only for communication or general health education between patients and professionals, and only targeted exclusively at health professionals is not eligible.\n\nTask: Among Adults with hypertension, does digital therapeutics increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on blood pressure compared with Control group (usual care or conventional lifestyle interventions)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 1967,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1968,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 29182,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1969,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1956,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1970,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1971,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 29177,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1972,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Digital therapeutics reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_58",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Treated hypertensive patients with different ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes\nExposure: Ambulatory resistant hypertension (ARH), defined as 24-hour blood pressure ≥130/80 mmHg during treatment with ≥3 antihypertensive drugs\nComparison: Controlled hypertension (CH), white coat uncontrolled resistant hypertension (WCURH), and ambulatory nonresistant hypertension (ANRH)\nOutcome: Heart failure incidence (hazard ratio for heart failure events)\nPublication period: up to 2023-09-30\nEligible studies: (1) full text paper published in a peer-reviewed journal dealing with ARH and HF or dealing with the prognostic value of ARH from which potentially extrapolate data on the relationship between ARH and HF; (2) any language of publication; (3) study on adult population; (4) treated hypertensive population; (5) prospective study; (6) follow-up of at least 1 year; (7) use of ambulatory BP monitoring; (8) homogeneous definition of ambulatory BP phenotypes based on 24-h BP (from published data or on request for databases evaluating ARH); (9) assess ment of the occurrence of HF in patients with ARH, defined as clinic BP < or ≥140/90 mmHg and 24-h BP≥130/80mmHg in patients taking three or more drugs (that is resistant masked uncontrolled hypertension and resistant sustained uncontrolled hypertension), compared to other ambulatory BP phenotypes, namely: (i) controlled hypertension (CH) defined as clinic BP <140/90mmHg and 24-h BP<130/80mmHg regardless of the number of drugs used; (ii) white coat uncontrolled resistant hypertension (WCURH) defined as clinic BP≥140/90 mmHg and 24-h BP<130/80mmHg in patients receiving antihypertensive drugs; and (iii) ambulatory nonresistant hypertension (ANRH) defined as clinic BP <or ≥140/90 mmHg and 24-h BP≥130/80mmHg in patients taking ≤2 drugs (that is non-resistant masked uncontrolled hypertension and non-resistant sustained uncontrolled hypertension), respectively; (10) comparisons could include all the aforesaid ambulatory BP phenotypes or only part of them, but necessarily including ARH; (11) availability of adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between ARH and other ambulatory BP phenotypes.\nExclude: the same authors; lack of prospective data on the topic.\n\nTask: Among Treated hypertensive patients with different ambulatory blood pressure phenotypes, is ambulatory resistant hypertension associated with higher, lower, or no clear difference in risk of heart failure compared with Controlled hypertension (CH), white coat uncontrolled resistant hypertension (WCURH), and ambulatory nonresistant hypertension (ANRH)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 1973,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1974,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1975,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1976,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 1977,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Ambulatory resistant hypertension is associated with a higher risk of heart failure."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_59",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Non-clinical populations exposed to lab-analogue trauma (healthy adults without clinical PTSD)\nIntervention: Experimental techniques including behavioral interventions (imagery-based such as Tetris, verbal-conceptual, emotional processing), pharmacological interventions (e.g., oxytocin, alcohol), and neuromodulation techniques (transcranial electrical/magnetic stimulation)\nComparison: Control conditions without active intrusion modulation techniques\nOutcome: Intrusive memory frequency (measured via daily diaries, lab tasks, or self-report questionnaires), intrusion-related emotional distress, and post-traumatic symptoms (e.g., sleep difficulties, emotional reactions, hyperarousal)\nPublication period: up to 2023-12-12\nEligible studies: experimental studies including (1) healthy participants, (2) experimental exposure to analogue forms of trauma (for example, trauma film, emo tionally negative images and so on) and (3) experimental technique(s) (including behavioural, pharmacological/substance-related and neu romodulation techniques) targeted at altering the frequency of trau matic intrusive memories.\nExclude: (1) included clinical populations, (2) were not experimental studies (for example, correlational studies or case studies) or (3) used non-lab, real-world trauma exposure (for example, real-world motor accident).\n\nTask: Among Non-clinical populations exposed to lab-analogue trauma (healthy adults without clinical PTSD), does imagery-based interventions increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on intrusive-memory frequency compared with Control conditions without active intrusion modulation techniques?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 2183,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2184,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2185,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2186,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2187,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2188,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2189,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2190,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2191,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 34352,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2192,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2193,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2194,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2195,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2196,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2197,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2198,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2199,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2200,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2201,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2202,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2203,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2204,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2205,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2206,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2207,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2208,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2209,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2210,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2211,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2212,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2213,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2214,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2215,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 34374,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2216,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2217,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2218,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2219,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2220,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2221,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2222,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2223,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2224,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2225,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2226,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2227,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2228,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2229,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2230,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2231,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2232,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2233,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2234,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2235,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2236,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2237,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2238,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2239,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2240,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2241,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2242,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2243,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2244,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2245,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2246,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 34579,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2247,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2248,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2249,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2250,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2251,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2252,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2253,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2254,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2255,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2256,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2257,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2258,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 34792,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2259,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2260,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2261,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2262,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2263,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2264,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2265,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2266,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2267,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2268,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2269,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2270,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2271,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2272,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 34719,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2273,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2274,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2275,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 34459,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2276,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 34577,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2277,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2278,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2279,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2280,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2281,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2282,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2283,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2284,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2285,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2286,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2287,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2288,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2289,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Imagery-based interventions reduce intrusive-memory frequency."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_60",
"type": "association_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: People with HIV (PWH) who underwent analytical treatment interruption, predominantly male (91%), white (75%), with median age of 42 years\nExposure: Analytical treatment interruption (ATI) of antiretroviral therapy, with stratification by timing of ART initiation (early-ART within 6 months of HIV acquisition vs. late-ART)\nComparison: Later antiretroviral-therapy initiation.\nOutcome: Time to viral rebound after analytical treatment interruption.\nPublication period: up to 2024-09-30\nEligible studies: We included prospective clinical ATI studies in adults receiving either placebo or no active intervention and where frequent pVL monitoring was conducted (defined as a minimum of 5 planned pVL measurements within the first 84 days of post-ATI with a maximum of 18 days between measurements within the first 42 days).\nExclude: We excluded studies that were written in non-English, abstracts, letters, reviews, commentary articles, opinion articles, case reports, studies with co-infection, animal studies, in-vitro stu dies, mother-to-child transmission, infant/children and adolescent studies.\n\nTask: Among people with HIV undergoing analytical treatment interruption, is earlier antiretroviral-therapy initiation associated with a longer or shorter time to viral rebound compared with later antiretroviral-therapy initiation?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 6763,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6764,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6765,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6766,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6767,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 14712,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6768,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6769,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6770,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6771,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6772,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6773,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6774,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6775,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Earlier antiretroviral-therapy initiation is associated with delayed viral rebound after analytical treatment interruption compared with later initiation."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_61",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Patients with early stage triple negative breast cancer (eTNBC)\nIntervention: Platinum-based chemotherapy regimens (including carboplatin or cisplatin, either added to standard anthracyclines and taxanes regimens or combined with taxanes alone)\nComparison: Platinum-free chemotherapy regimens (standard anthracyclines and taxanes-based regimens)\nOutcome: Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)\nPublication period: from 2021-01-01 through 2021-03-15\nEligible studies: 1.Prospective RCTs recruiting TNBC patients (stage I-III), either as a whole cohort, or as a subgroup; 2. Studies that include a comparison of survival between at least two arms of TNBCs, with a Control arm receiving Pt-free standard neo-/adjuvant chemo-regimens and a Platinum arm receiving Pt-based chemo-regimens; 3. Detailed survival data of DFS/relapse-free survival (RFS) and OS should be presented in the studies; 4. In case of duplicate trials, only the latest publication with complete data was included.\nExclude: 1.Observational/retrospective studies or prospective Non-RCTs; 2. Single-arm trials or studies without proper control groups; 3. Studies without detailed survival data; 4. Ongoing trials without reported results.\n\nTask: Among Patients with early stage triple negative breast cancer (eTNBC), does platinum-based chemotherapy increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on disease-free survival compared with Platinum-free chemotherapy regimens (standard anthracyclines and taxanes-based regimens)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 6855,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6856,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6857,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6858,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 6859,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Platinum-based chemotherapy improves disease-free survival in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_62",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Adolescents aged 10-24 years (mean age 19.0; 71% female)\nIntervention: Digital health interventions for sleep, including digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I) and sleep promotion programs (education, hygiene, or holistic programs)\nComparison: Control groups (randomized controlled trial comparators)\nOutcome: Insomnia severity, sleep quality, and mental health outcomes\nPublication period: from 2007-06-01 through 2025-06-25\nEligible studies: Eligible participants were adolescents aged 10 to 24 years from general and clinical populations. Eligible interventions were RCTs for promoting healthy sleep, treating and preventing poor sleep or insomnia through behavioral interventions (e.g., CBT-I, hygiene sleep, lifestyle), delivered using eHealth or mHealth approaches. Control conditions may include other active interventions (e.g., face-to-face sessions and other modalities [e.g., text messages, email, vs. website]) or a passive control. We included studies that measured sleep outcomes, including sleep quality, insomnia, sleep hygiene, sleep knowledge, beliefs about sleep, or sleep arousal, using validated questionnaires, which included outcomes for sleep quality, insomnia, sleep hygiene, sleep knowledge, beliefs about sleep, or sleep arousal.\nExclude: Studies were excluded if they evaluated interventions where eHealth or mHealth functions were not the primary component. Interventions delivered via human-based coaching via telephone or interventions via social networks (e.g., Twitter or Facebook) were ineligible. Participants with co-existing physical health conditions (e.g., headache or pain) were excluded due to the complexity that necessitates a more interdisciplinary approach, making it difficult to isolate the effects of CBT-I or other behavioral interventions. Quasi-experimental studies and Pilot RCTs were excluded from the review. Studies with missing values for any required parameter (mean, standard deviation, or sample size) were excluded from the meta-analysis.\n\nTask: Among Adolescents aged 10-24 years (mean age 19.0; 71% female), does digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on insomnia severity compared with Control groups (randomized controlled trial comparators)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 112863,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2439,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2440,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2441,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2442,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2443,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2444,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2445,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2446,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 116575,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2447,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia reduces insomnia severity."
},
{
"id": "science_predictive_63",
"type": "effect_direction",
"query": "Evidence-synthesis scope:\nPopulation: Hospitalized patients with sepsis\nIntervention: Automated alerting system for sepsis detection (including rule-based and machine learning-based prediction methods)\nComparison: Usual care (standard clinical practice without automated alerting system)\nOutcome: Mortality and length of stay (LOS)\nPublication period: from 1917-01-01 through 2021-12-31\nEligible studies: Studies comparing effectiveness of automated alerting systems for management of sepsis were potentially eligible. The study population included hospitalized patients who were at risk for sepsis or patients who had sepsis. The intervention was an automated alerting system integrated into electronic healthcare records. The algorithms for alerting system included ML-based methods and rule-based methods. The control group received usual care in which medical providers would not receive any alerting messages. The outcomes included hospital mortality, LOS in intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital.\nExclude: The title and abstract of each reference were first screened to remove some irrelevant articles such as reviews, animal studies, non-relevant interventions (such as antimicrobial susceptibility testing), irrelevant subjects (such as delirium management and prediction of AKI), pediatric patients (age < 16 years old), and case reports.\n\nTask: Among Hospitalized patients with sepsis, does automated sepsis alerting systems increase, decrease, or show no clear effect on mortality compared with Usual care (standard clinical practice without automated alerting system)?",
"instruction": "Using only the eligible studies within the scope stated in the query, provide the requested conclusion. Return only one concise, direct sentence or phrase. Do not include explanations, statistics, citations, or a JSON/list format.",
"evidence": [
{
"id": 2934,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2935,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2936,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2937,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2938,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2939,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2940,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 118963,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2941,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2942,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2943,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2944,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2945,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2946,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2947,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2948,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2949,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2950,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2951,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2952,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2953,
"type": "article"
},
{
"id": 2954,
"type": "article"
}
],
"ground_truth": "Automated sepsis alerting systems reduce mortality compared with usual care."
}
]
|