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README.md
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Overview
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The lava tool developed in the Unicorn project represents a coherent and easy-to-access platform for emergency managers and other stakeholders that integrates
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1. lava flow detection and monitoring through satellite imagery
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2. lava flow path forecasting and
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3. operational loss forecasting.
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This dataset represents exemplary data produced by the lava platform for the June 2026 lava flow of Etna volcano. The individual files are explained below.
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Note: the outputs included in this dataset are illustrative samples intended to showcase the system's capabilities, and do not represent final production outputs.
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Explanation of individual files
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1. example-report_June2026-eruption.pdf
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This is the report that end-users signed up for the lava service receive upon triggering of the tool by INGV. It contains hazard maps, satellite imagery and impact
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This is the data behind the hazard map for the medium scenario shown in the pdf report in a geotiff format. Note that end-users are not receiving these data directly;
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This is one example simulation file created by the system for the medium scenario. Note that end-users are not receiving these data directly; this is only for exemplary
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Methodology summary
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While the lava platform is built and maintained by Mitiga, its operational use depends on the local volcano observatory (the “operator”). The operator is distinguished from
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The service then runs on Mitiga computing systems following the below process:
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1. Create eruption scenarios consisting each of a vent location and a flow volume. Vent locations are placed along a grid considering the vent location uncertainty. The flow volume is calculated:
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4. The hazard maps are combined with building locations from Open Street Map to estimate possible impact of the eruption.
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5. Pre- and posteruption satellite images are created using Sentinel-2 and MODIS data.
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6. A pdf report is created and send by email to the operator and the end-user
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The overall time from triggering the service to receiving the email is usually less than 30 minutes.
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Application to the June 2026 eruption
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The system was run for the 26th June 2026 eruption to demonstrate capabilities. The flow was active for around 8 days. The following parameters were used:
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Vent location 37.75452 / 15.005 with an uncertainty of 100m
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Duration: set to 168 hours (=7 days), so that the “medium scenario” by the platform should correspond to the final real lava flow placement
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Effusion rate: 0.05 106 m3/d
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Overview
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The lava tool developed in the Unicorn project represents a coherent and easy-to-access platform for emergency managers and other stakeholders that integrates:
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1. lava flow detection and monitoring through satellite imagery
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2. lava flow path forecasting and
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3. operational loss forecasting.
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The platform is built upon information sourced directly from volcano observatories and has therefore been co-developed with INGV Osservatorio Etneo (INGV-OE),
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utilizing Etna volcano in Sicily as a use case.
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This dataset represents exemplary data produced by the lava platform for the June 2026 lava flow of Etna volcano. The individual files are explained below.
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Note: the outputs included in this dataset are illustrative samples intended to showcase the system's capabilities, and do not represent final production outputs.
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Explanation of individual files
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1. example-report_June2026-eruption.pdf
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This is the report that end-users signed up for the lava service receive upon triggering of the tool by INGV. It contains hazard maps, satellite imagery and impact
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forecasts for the ongoing eruption.
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3. example-hazardmap_medium-scenario_June2026-eruption.tif
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This is the data behind the hazard map for the medium scenario shown in the pdf report in a geotiff format. Note that end-users are not receiving these data directly;
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this is only for exemplary purposes.
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5. example-simulation_medium-scenario_June2026-eruption
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This is one example simulation file created by the system for the medium scenario. Note that end-users are not receiving these data directly; this is only for exemplary
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purposes.
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Methodology summary
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While the lava platform is built and maintained by Mitiga, its operational use depends on the local volcano observatory (the “operator”). The operator is distinguished from
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end-users, who only receive the final pdf report once the operator has launched the service.
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Once the observatory detects a new lava flow, it can trigger the lava service through an interactive website. The website asks for a number of parameters, some of which are
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mandatory (vent location and uncertainty, eruption start date and duration), and some are optional (effusion rate, final volume). The operator also has to indicate whether
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the eruption has ended or is still ongoing.
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The service then runs on Mitiga computing systems following the below process:
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1. Create eruption scenarios consisting each of a vent location and a flow volume. Vent locations are placed along a grid considering the vent location uncertainty. The flow volume is calculated:
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4. The hazard maps are combined with building locations from Open Street Map to estimate possible impact of the eruption.
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5. Pre- and posteruption satellite images are created using Sentinel-2 and MODIS data.
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6. A pdf report is created and send by email to the operator and the end-user
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7.
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The overall time from triggering the service to receiving the email is usually less than 30 minutes.
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Application to the June 2026 eruption
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The system was run for the 26th June 2026 eruption to demonstrate capabilities. The flow was active for around 8 days. The following parameters were used:
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Vent location 37.75452 / 15.005 with an uncertainty of 100m
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Duration: set to 168 hours (=7 days), so that the “medium scenario” by the platform should correspond to the final real lava flow placement
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Effusion rate: 0.05 106 m3/d
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