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README.md
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| 1 |
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---
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pretty_name: Multimodal Embedding 100M
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license: cc-by-4.0
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size_categories:
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- 100M<n<1B
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task_categories:
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- feature-extraction
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- sentence-similarity
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tags:
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- multimodal
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- embeddings
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- vector-search
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- nearest-neighbors
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- ann-benchmark
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- laion
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- parquet
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- xet
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---
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# Multimodal Embedding 100M
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This dataset contains a 100M-row multimodal embedding corpus derived from LAION-400M-style embedding data. It is intended for large-scale vector database ingestion, ANN index construction, nearest-neighbor search, and retrieval benchmark experiments.
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The dataset is stored as Parquet files and organized to keep each directory below Hugging Face's per-directory file-count limit.
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## Dataset Summary
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| Split | Rows | Files | Path |
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| --- | ---: | ---: | --- |
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| `train` | 100,000,000 | 16,824 | `train/shard-00/*.parquet` ... `train/shard-09/*.parquet` |
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| `test` | 10,000 | 2 | `test/*.parquet` |
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| `neighbors` | 10,000 | 1 | `neighbors/neighbors.parquet` |
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Total: 100,020,000 rows across 16,827 Parquet files.
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## Directory Layout
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```text
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.
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├── train/
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│ ├── shard-00/
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│ ├── shard-01/
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│ ├── shard-02/
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│ ├── shard-03/
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│ ├── shard-04/
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│ ├── shard-05/
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│ ├── shard-06/
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│ ├── shard-07/
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│ ├── shard-08/
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│ └── shard-09/
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├── test/
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└── neighbors/
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```
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Train shard file distribution:
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| Shard | Files |
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| --- | ---: |
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| `shard-00` | 1,683 |
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| 60 |
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| `shard-01` | 1,683 |
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| 61 |
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| `shard-02` | 1,683 |
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| 62 |
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| `shard-03` | 1,683 |
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| `shard-04` | 1,683 |
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| `shard-05` | 1,683 |
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| `shard-06` | 1,683 |
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| `shard-07` | 1,683 |
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| `shard-08` | 1,683 |
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| `shard-09` | 1,677 |
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## Schema
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### `train` and `test`
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| Column | Type | Description |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| `id` | `int64` | Numeric sample id. |
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| `key` | `string` | Original sample key. |
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| `emb` | `fixed_size_list<float>[4096]` | 4096-dimensional embedding vector. |
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### `neighbors`
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| Column | Type | Description |
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| --- | --- | --- |
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| `id` | `int64` | Query/sample id. |
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| `neighbors` | `list<int64>` | 100 nearest-neighbor ids for the query/sample. |
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| `scores` | `list<float>` | 100 similarity scores aligned with `neighbors`. |
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## Loading
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For large-scale use, streaming mode is recommended:
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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data_files = {
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"train": "train/shard-*/*.parquet",
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"test": "test/*.parquet",
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"neighbors": "neighbors/*.parquet",
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}
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ds = load_dataset(
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"WenxingZhu/multimodal-embedding-100M",
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data_files=data_files,
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streaming=True,
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)
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row = next(iter(ds["train"]))
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print(row["id"], row["key"], len(row["emb"]))
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```
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To load a small evaluation split without streaming:
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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test = load_dataset(
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"WenxingZhu/multimodal-embedding-100M",
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data_files={"test": "test/*.parquet"},
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split="test",
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)
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print(test)
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```
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## Intended Uses
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- Large-scale vector database ingestion and indexing tests.
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- ANN search and recall evaluation.
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- Embedding storage and retrieval system benchmarking.
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- Multimodal embedding pipeline validation.
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## Limitations
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| 133 |
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- This repository contains embeddings and nearest-neighbor metadata, not original images or captions.
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- The embeddings are provided as precomputed vectors; the model and preprocessing pipeline used to generate them should be validated before comparing results across datasets.
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- Users should verify that the dataset is suitable for their benchmark methodology, especially when using the `neighbors` split as retrieval ground truth.
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## License and Attribution
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The original LAION-400M metadata dataset is distributed under CC-BY 4.0. Users are responsible for complying with the applicable license terms and for validating downstream usage requirements.
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If you use this dataset in a benchmark or experiment, please cite the original LAION-400M work:
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```bibtex
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@article{schuhmann2021laion400m,
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title={LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairs},
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author={Schuhmann, Christoph and Vencu, Richard and Beaumont, Romain and Kaczmarczyk, Robert and Mullis, Clayton and Katta, Aarush and Coombes, Theo and Jitsev, Jenia and Komatsuzaki, Aran},
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journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.02114},
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year={2021}
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}
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```
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