question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Food chewed evenly during mastication moisten and lubricate the lining of the mouth and this? | [
"pharynx",
"esophagus",
"larynx",
"trachea"
] | A | Food is chewed evenly during mastication Moisten and lubricate the lining of the mouth and pharynx. | train | sciq | null |
Photosynthesis is initiated by what hitting plants? | [
"dirt",
"air",
"moisture",
"sunlight"
] | D | Every split second that sunlight hits that leaf, photosynthesis is initiated, bringing energy into the ecosystem. It could be said that this is one of the most important - if not the absolutely most important - biochemical reactions. And it all starts with the leaf. | train | sciq | null |
What is the process of drawing general conclusions based on many pieces of evidence? | [
"primitive reasoning",
"inductive reasoning",
"quantum reasoning",
"experimental reasoning"
] | B | Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing general conclusions based on many pieces of evidence. This type of reasoning is the basis of the scientific method. | train | sciq | null |
Name the fibrous joint in which two parallel bones are united to each other by fibrous connective tissue. | [
"cartilage",
"suture",
"syndesmosis",
"gomphosis"
] | C | Syndesmosis A syndesmosis (“fastened with a band”) is a type of fibrous joint in which two parallel bones are united to each other by fibrous connective tissue. The gap between the bones may be narrow, with the bones joined by ligaments, or the gap may be wide and filled in by a broad sheet of connective tissue called ... | train | sciq | null |
What's the best way humans can conserve water? | [
"use more",
"use less",
"salt it",
"boil it"
] | B | The water supply can be harmed in two major ways. The water can be polluted, and it can be overused. Protecting the water supply must address both problems. We need to reduce how much pollution ends up in the water supply—keeping water from being polluted is easier and cheaper than cleaning it. We need to treat water t... | train | sciq | null |
Although fewer in number than chemical synapses, what type of synapses are found in all nervous systems and play important and unique roles? | [
"dual synapses",
"beginning synapses",
"electrical synapses",
"duplicating synapses"
] | C | Electrical Synapse While electrical synapses are fewer in number than chemical synapses, they are found in all nervous systems and play important and unique roles. The mode of neurotransmission in electrical synapses is quite different from that in chemical synapses. In an electrical synapse, the presynaptic and postsy... | train | sciq | null |
What consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to some combination of carbons and hydrogens? | [
"a chloride",
"an amine",
"a metalloid",
"an alkali"
] | B | An amine consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to some combination of carbons and hydrogens. | train | sciq | null |
When do hammerhead sharks usually hunt? | [
"winter",
"summer",
"in the day",
"at night"
] | D | Figure 29.11 Hammerhead sharks tend to school during the day and hunt prey at night. (credit: Masashi Sugawara). | train | sciq | null |
What types of glands do only female mammals have? | [
"thyroid",
"mammary",
"pituitary",
"respiratory"
] | B | Two traits are used to define the mammal class. They are fur or hair and mammary glands in females. | train | sciq | null |
What is the unit used to measure air pressure? | [
"mass",
"pounds per inch",
"millibar",
"newtons"
] | C | The weather map pictured below ( Figure above ) shows air pressure. The lines on the map connect places that have the same air pressure. Air pressure is measured in a unit called the millibar. Isobars are the lines that connect the points with the same air pressure. The map also shows low- and high-pressure centers and... | train | sciq | null |
In which stage does the chromatin condense into chromosomes? | [
"prophase ii",
"Metaphase I",
"Anaphase I",
"Telophase II"
] | A | In prophase II, once again the nucleolus disappears and the nucleus breaks down. The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The spindle begins to reform as the centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell. | train | sciq | null |
What is the upper-most atmosphere known as? | [
"ionosphere",
"xerosphere",
"thermosphere",
"exosphere"
] | C | The atmosphere is a big part of the water cycle. What do you think would happen to Earth’s water without it?. | train | sciq | null |
Reproduction that doesn't involve a male gamete is also known as what? | [
"meiosis",
"asexual reproduction",
"mitosis",
"agamogenesis"
] | D | Agamogenesis is any form of reproduction that does not involve a male gamete. These include are parthenogenesis and apomixis. Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction where growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in aphids, rotifers, nematodes and some ot... | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for an electronic component that consists of many other electronic components? | [
"integrated circuit",
"electrical current",
"creating circuit",
"networks"
] | A | An integrated circuit (microchip) is an electronic component that consists of many other electronic components such as transistors. Integrated circuits are used in virtually all modern electronic devices to carry out specific tasks. | train | sciq | null |
What is another term for life science? | [
"geology",
"biology",
"meteorology",
"ecology"
] | B | Life science is the study of life and living organisms. Life science is also called biology. | train | sciq | null |
What type of cartilage contains no collagen? | [
"fetal cartilage",
"lamprey cartilage",
"shark cartilage",
"joint cartilage"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
In prokaryotes, what are the regions called that repressors bind to? | [
"consumers",
"operators",
"enablers",
"elements"
] | B | For a bacteria, many aspects of gene regulation are due to the presence or absence of certain nutrients. In prokaryotes, repressors bind to regions called operators that are generally located immediately downstream from the promoter. Activators bind to the upstream portion of the promoter. | train | sciq | null |
What instrument has a resolution many times greater than a light microscope, and can be used to see the details on the outside of a cell? | [
"complex microscope",
"electron microscope",
"molecular microscope",
"element microscope"
] | B | Use an electron microscope. This instrument has a resolution many times greater than a light microscope, and can be used to see the details on the outside of a cell. Some electron microscopes can also be used to see the details inside a cell. | train | sciq | null |
The temperature at which the individual ions have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive forces that hold them in place is called? | [
"last point",
"melting point",
"occurring point",
"boiling point"
] | B | The Relationship between Lattice Energies and Physical Properties The magnitude of the forces that hold an ionic substance together has a dramatic effect on many of its properties. The melting point, for example, is the temperature at which the individual ions have enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive force... | train | sciq | null |
What play several important roles in the human body? | [
"tissues",
"lipids",
"organs",
"cells"
] | B | Lipids play several important roles in the body. Triglycerides are stored in fat cells until the body needs to break them down for chemical energy. These stored triglycerides also help insulate the body against extreme temperatures and cushion organs against physical jostling. Phospholipids and cholesterol are importan... | train | sciq | null |
What is a measure that has both size and direction? | [
"length",
"vector",
"wave",
"velocity"
] | B | Force is a vector, or a measure that has both size and direction. For example, Colton pushes on the ground in the opposite direction that the scooter moves, so that’s the direction of the force he is applies. He can give the scooter a strong push or a weak push. That’s the size of the force. Like other vectors, a force... | train | sciq | null |
What is to blame for water’s boiling point (100°c) being higher than the boiling points of similar substances? | [
"hydrogen bonds",
"electrode bonds",
"helium bonds",
"molecular shape"
] | A | Hydrogen bonds also explain why water’s boiling point (100°C) is higher than the boiling points of similar substances without hydrogen bonds. Because of water’s relatively high boiling point, most water exists in a liquid state on Earth. Liquid water is needed by all living organisms. Therefore, the availability of liq... | train | sciq | null |
Carbonic acid decomposes easily at room temperature into carbon dioxide and what else? | [
"water",
"oxygen",
"helium",
"gas"
] | A | Some unstable acids decompose to produce nonmetal oxides and water. Carbonic acid decomposes easily at room temperature into carbon dioxide and water. | train | sciq | null |
What form when a single atom gains or loses electrons? | [
"carbon atoms",
"monatomic ions",
"fusional ions",
"vacuoles ions"
] | B | Monatomic ions form when a single atom gains or loses electrons. For the main group elements, cations are generally formed by removing all of the valence electrons from the atom. Since the numbers of valence electrons for the representative elements are constant within a particular group, all we need is the group numbe... | train | sciq | null |
In earthworms, the skin serves as what type of organ? | [
"excretory",
"kidney",
"respiratory",
"reproductive"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
Catalytic converters used on motor vehicles break down pollutants in what, yielding non-toxic compounds? | [
"oil",
"muffler",
"intake",
"exhaust"
] | D | Catalytic converters are used on motor vehicles. They break down pollutants in exhaust to non-toxic compounds. For example, they change nitrogen oxides to harmless nitrogen and oxygen gases. | train | sciq | null |
Processing of filtrate in the proximal tubule helps maintain what level in body fluid? | [
"temperature",
"homeostasis",
"ph",
"metabolic level"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What helps represent age-sex structure of the population? | [
"population pyramid",
"habitat chart",
"biome model",
"density graph"
] | A | The age-sex structure of a population is the number of individuals of each sex and age in the population. Age-sex structure influences population growth. It is represented by a population pyramid. The number of survivors at each age is plotted on a survivorship curve. | train | sciq | null |
Large viruses began as what type of cells inside bigger host cells? | [
"static",
"symbiotic",
"simple",
"parasitic"
] | D | Large viruses were once parasitic cells inside bigger host cells. Over time, genes needed to survive and reproduce outside host cells were lost. | train | sciq | null |
How can you calculate the density of matter? | [
"by dividing its volume by its mass",
"by subtracting mass from volume",
"by dividing its mass by its volume",
"by multiplying its mass by its volume"
] | C | The density of matter can be calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. | train | sciq | null |
Frogs and toads have long back legs which are specialized for what action? | [
"swimming",
"jumping",
"sprinting",
"flying"
] | B | Frogs The frog order also includes toads. Unlike other amphibians, frogs and toads lack a tail by adulthood. Their back legs are also longer because they are specialized for jumping. Frogs can jump as far as 20 times their body length. That’s like you jumping more than the length of a basketball court! red-eyed tree fr... | train | sciq | null |
Different regions of the cerebral cortex can be associated with particular functions, a concept known as what? | [
"localization of function",
"expressiveness of function",
"reversal of function",
"cytoplasm of function"
] | A | Different regions of the cerebral cortex can be associated with particular functions, a concept known as localization of function. In the early 1900s, a German neuroscientist named Korbinian Brodmann performed an extensive study of the microscopic anatomy—the cytoarchitecture—of the cerebral cortex and divided the cort... | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time? | [
"generation",
"mutation",
"evolution",
"emergence"
] | C | Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Evolution is a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time. Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time. | train | sciq | null |
What type of diseases do antibiotics not affect? | [
"autoimmune diseases",
"viruses",
"cancer",
"animal stings"
] | B | Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Several viral diseases can be treated with antiviral drugs or prevented with vaccines. | train | sciq | null |
Which system carries out long-distance transport of materials between the root and shoot systems? | [
"reproductive tissue system",
"perceptual tissue system",
"circulatory tissue system",
"vascular tissue system"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
How do reptiles typically reproduce? | [
"sexually",
"cloning",
"live birth",
"asexually"
] | A | Reptiles typically reproduce sexually and lay eggs. | train | sciq | null |
All organisms must adapt to what in order to survive? | [
"conditions",
"natural",
"environment",
"weather"
] | C | All organisms must adapt to their environment in order to survive. This is true whether they live in water or on land. Most environments are not as extreme as the deep ocean where tube worms live. But they all have conditions that require adaptations. In this chapter, you will read about a wide variety of environments ... | train | sciq | null |
Biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose are examples of what? | [
"proteins",
"electrolytes",
"carbohydrates",
"lipids"
] | C | Carbohydrates are biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they are used mainly for energy by living things. | train | sciq | null |
What emerges from an insect egg? | [
"fungi",
"larva",
"parasite",
"cocoon"
] | B | When an insect egg hatches, a larva emerges. The larva eats and grows and then enters the pupa stage. The pupa is immobile and may be encased in a cocoon . During the pupa stage, the insect goes through metamorphosis . Tissues and appendages of the larva break down and reorganize into the adult form. How did such an in... | train | sciq | null |
What can protons and neutrons be broken down into? | [
"strings",
"quarks",
"ions",
"molecules"
] | B | Today, scientists think that electrons truly are fundamental particles that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler particles. They are a type of fundamental particles called leptons. Protons and neutrons, on the other hand, are no longer thought to be fundamental particles. Instead, they are now thought to consist... | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature? | [
"adolescence",
"growth spurt",
"puberty",
"maturity"
] | C | Puberty is the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature. Puberty lasts from about 10 to 16 years of age in girls and from about 12 to 18 years of age in boys. In both girls and boys, puberty begins when the pituitary gland signals the gonads (ovaries or testes) to start secreting sex hormones (estrogen in gir... | train | sciq | null |
What part of the brain is divided from front to back into the left and right hemispheres? | [
"medula oblongata",
"cerebrum",
"thalmus",
"cerebellum"
] | B | The cerebrum is divided down the middle from the front to the back of the head. The two halves of the cerebrum are called the right and left hemispheres. The two hemispheres are very similar but not identical. They are connected to each other by a thick bundle of axons deep within the brain. These axons allow the two h... | train | sciq | null |
Because their cells are arranged in bundles, the appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscles is described as what? | [
"striated",
"cylindrical",
"incised",
"quadrant"
] | A | http://zonalandeducation. com/mstm/physics/mechanics/vectors/introduction/introductionVectors. html. | train | sciq | null |
What resource is considered nonrewable for human purposes, because it takes so long to form and is depleted by farming and other activities? | [
"acid",
"soil",
"sunshine",
"water"
] | B | Although renewable, soil takes a very long to form—up to hundreds of millions of years. So, for human purposes, soil is a nonrenewable resource. It is also constantly depleted of nutrients through careless use and eroded by wind and water. For example, misuse of soil caused a huge amount of it to simply blow away in th... | train | sciq | null |
What in orange juice makes it taste sour? | [
"citric acid",
"carbonation",
"amino acid",
"acetic acid"
] | A | Some solutions have special properties because they are acids. Orange juice is an example. It contains an acid called citric acid. It makes orange juice taste sour. Some solutions are bases rather than acids. | train | sciq | null |
What scientist created the modern system for classifying organisms? | [
"linnaeus",
"Newton",
"Bohr",
"Pasteur"
] | A | Linnaeus published his classification system in the 1700s. Since then, many new species have been discovered. The biochemistry of many organisms has also become known. Eventually, scientists realized that Linnaeus’s system of classification needed revision. | train | sciq | null |
What will be the effect to an organism if its homeostasis is not maintained? | [
"healthy mental state",
"death or disease",
"weight regulation",
"slow aging"
] | B | All of the organ systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis of the organism. If homeostasis fails, death or disease may result. | train | sciq | null |
Since warmer molecules have more energy, they are more what? | [
"inactive",
"dense",
"active",
"abundant"
] | C | The density of air varies from place to place. Air density depends on several factors. One is temperature. Like other materials, warm air is less dense than cool air. Since warmer molecules have more energy, they are more active. The molecules bounce off each other and spread apart. Another factor that affects the dens... | train | sciq | null |
If only blue light strikes green leaves what happens to it? | [
"it is absorbed",
"it is reflected",
"it causes cooling",
"it causes heating"
] | A | The color of light that strikes an object may also affect the color that the object appears. For example, if only blue light strikes green leaves, the blue light is absorbed and no light is reflected. | train | sciq | null |
Which type of animal creates useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk? | [
"bacteria",
"spiders",
"insects",
"fungus"
] | C | Insects produce useful substances, such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk. | train | sciq | null |
Stringed instruments can help show the relationship between tension and what in strings? | [
"lengths",
"frequencies",
"temperatures",
"volumes"
] | B | f 2 = v w / λ 2 = v w / 2L = 2 f 1 . Similarly, f 3 = 3 f 1 , and so on. All of these frequencies can be changed by adjusting the tension in the string. The greater the tension, the greater v w is and the higher the frequencies. This observation is familiar to anyone who has ever observed a string instrument being tune... | train | sciq | null |
Ectotherms undergo a variety of changes at the cellular level to acclimatize to shifts in what? | [
"volume",
"altitude",
"density",
"temperature"
] | D | There are 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes in the human genome, for a total of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Sex chromosomes specify an organism's genetic sex. Humans can have two different sex chromosomes, one called X and the other Y. Normal females possess two X chromosomes and normal males one X and one Y. An autoso... | train | sciq | null |
Convex lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edges so they cause rays of light to converge, or meet, at a point called what? | [
"the base",
"focus",
"the apex",
"the center"
] | B | Convex lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edges. They cause rays of light to converge, or meet, at a point called the focus (F). Convex lenses form either real or virtual images. It depends on how close an object is to the lens relative to the focus. Figure below shows how a convex lens works. You can also in... | train | sciq | null |
What are magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate commonly used as? | [
"antibiotics",
"antacids",
"salts",
"antidepressants"
] | B | Magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate are commonly used as antacids. Give the empirical formulas and determine the molar masses of these compounds. Based on their formulas, suggest another compound that might be an effective antacid. ♦ Nickel(II) acetate, lead(II) phosphate, zinc nitrate, and ... | train | sciq | null |
What type of taste do bases normally have? | [
"bitter",
"sweet",
"sour",
"salty"
] | A | Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids. Many bases, like soaps, are slippery to the touch. | train | sciq | null |
Which body part helps roundworm prevent their body from expanding? | [
"skin",
"plate",
"tough cuticle covering",
"scales"
] | C | Roundworms have a tough covering of cuticle on the surface of their body. It prevents their body from expanding. This allows the buildup of fluid pressure in their partial body cavity. The fluid pressure adds stiffness to the body. This provides a counterforce for the contraction of muscles, allowing roundworms to move... | train | sciq | null |
The maintenance of constant conditions in the body is also known as what? | [
"hypothesis",
"homeostasis",
"mononucleosis",
"consciousness"
] | B | Homeostasis, or the maintenance of constant conditions in the body, is a fundamental property of all living things. In the human body, the substances that participate in chemical reactions must remain within narrows ranges of concentration. Too much or too little of a single substance can disrupt your bodily functions.... | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for tough protein fibers that connects bones to each other? | [
"tetons",
"ligaments",
"muscles",
"cords"
] | B | Ligaments are made of tough protein fibers and connect bones to each other. Your bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up your skeletal system . | train | sciq | null |
What is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems? | [
"physical chemistry",
"thermal chemistry",
"molecular chemistry",
"differential chemistry"
] | A | Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems. A physical chemist may study such things as the rates of chemical reactions, the energy transfers that occur in reactions, or the physical structure of materials at the molecular level. | train | sciq | null |
Bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up what anatomical system? | [
"Integumentary system",
"Muscular system",
"skeletal system",
"Lymphatic system"
] | C | The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. The skeletal system has many important functions in your body. What bones protect the heart and lungs? What protects the brain?. | train | sciq | null |
What is the first part of the large intestine called? | [
"duodenum",
"jejunum",
"colon",
"cecum"
] | D | Cecum The first part of the large intestine is the cecum, a sac-like structure that is suspended inferior to the ileocecal valve. It is about 6 cm (2.4 in) long, receives the contents of the ileum, and continues the absorption of water and salts. The appendix (or vermiform appendix) is a winding tube that attaches to t... | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life? | [
"primary succession",
"typical succession",
"secondary succession",
"tertiary succession"
] | C | Forest and Kim Starr (Flickr:Starr Environmental). Secondary succession occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life . CC BY 2.0. | train | sciq | null |
To solubilize the fats so that they can be absorbed, what organ secretes a fluid called bile into the small intestine? | [
"stomach",
"gall bladder",
"spleen",
"small intestine"
] | B | A related mechanism allows us to absorb and digest the fats in buttered popcorn and French fries. To solubilize the fats so that they can be absorbed, the gall bladder secretes a fluid called bile into the small intestine. Bile contains a variety of bile salts, detergent-like molecules that emulsify the fats. | train | sciq | null |
When the hemoglobin loses its oxygen, it changes to what color? | [
"bluish red",
"purple red",
"grayish red",
"light pink"
] | A | The structure of heme (Figure 19.29), the iron-containing complex in hemoglobin, is very similar to that in chlorophyll. In hemoglobin, the red heme complex is bonded to a large protein molecule (globin) by the attachment of the protein to the heme ligand. Oxygen molecules are transported by hemoglobin in the blood by ... | train | sciq | null |
How are weather patterns formed? | [
"uneven heating of the atmosphere",
"the moon's gravitational pull",
"carbon dioxide",
"pollution from planes"
] | A | Weather refers to conditions of the atmosphere at a given time and place. It occurs because of unequal heating of the atmosphere. Humidity, clouds, and precipitation are important weather factors. | train | sciq | null |
Boyle discovered that what property of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume? | [
"amount",
"mass",
"temperature",
"pressure"
] | D | in a one-liter container (Figure 22.15). In this case, the force exerted by the movement of the gas molecules against the walls of the two-liter container is lower than the force exerted by the gas molecules in the one-liter container. Therefore, the pressure is lower in the two-liter container and higher in the one-li... | train | sciq | null |
What amazing machines smash particles that are smaller than atoms into each other head-on? | [
"observant accelerators",
"absorption accelerators",
"nitrogen accelerators",
"particle accelerators"
] | D | Scientists have built machines called particle accelerators. These amazing tools smash particles that are smaller than atoms into each other head-on. This creates new particles. Scientists use particle accelerators to learn about nuclear fusion in stars. They can also learn about how atoms came together in the early un... | train | sciq | null |
The interaction of what opposite factors describe a biome and ecosystem? | [
"innate and biotic",
"abiotic and biotic",
"metastasis and biotic",
"hygroscopic and abiotic"
] | B | The abiotic factors, such as the amount of rainfall and the temperature, are going to influence other abiotic factors, such as the quality of the soil. This, in turn, is going to influence the plants that migrate into the ecosystem and thrive in that biome. Recall that migration is the movement of an organism into or o... | train | sciq | null |
What is caused by differences in density at the top and bottom of the ocean? | [
"shallow currents",
"still water",
"flat currents",
"deep currents"
] | D | Currents also flow deep below the surface of the ocean. Deep currents are caused by differences in density at the top and bottom. More dense water takes up less space than less dense water. It has the same mass but less volume. Water that is more dense sinks. Less dense water rises. What can make water more dense?. | train | sciq | null |
What is the layer of tissue between the body and shell called? | [
"cuticle",
"collagen",
"epidermis",
"mantle"
] | D | Mollusks have a hard outer shell. There is a layer of tissue called the mantle between the shell and the body. | train | sciq | null |
Well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil, thin-walled dermal cells and tiny hairs cover what basic plant structures? | [
"roots",
"stems",
"leaves",
"flowers"
] | A | Roots are covered with thin-walled dermal cells and tiny root hairs. These features are well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. | train | sciq | null |
What is the major artery of the body, taking oxygenated blood to the organs and muscles of the body? | [
"capillary",
"aorta",
"carotid",
"diastolic"
] | B | The Heart The heart is a complex muscle that consists of two pumps: one that pumps blood through pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the other that pumps blood through systemic circulation to the rest of the body’s tissues (and the heart itself). The heart is asymmetrical, with the left side being larger than the r... | train | sciq | null |
What do you call a growing mass of cancerous cells that pushes into nearby tissues? | [
"bacteria",
"pallet",
"tumor",
"calcium"
] | C | Lung cancer is a disease in which the cells found in the lungs grow out of control. The growing mass of cells can form a tumor that pushes into nearby tissues. The tumor will affect how these tissues work. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in men, and the second most common in women. It is re... | train | sciq | null |
What is the major intracellular cation? | [
"sodium",
"glucose",
"magnesium",
"potassium"
] | D | Potassium Potassium is the major intracellular cation. It helps establish the resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle fibers after membrane depolarization and action potentials. In contrast to sodium, potassium has very little effect on osmotic. | train | sciq | null |
The enzyme pepsin plays an important role in the digestion of proteins by breaking down intact protein to what short-chain amino acids? | [
"proteins",
"peptides",
"protons",
"lipids"
] | B | Protein A large part of protein digestion takes place in the stomach. The enzyme pepsin plays an important role in the digestion of proteins by breaking down the intact protein to peptides, which are short chains of four to nine amino acids. In the duodenum, other enzymes— trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin—act on the... | train | sciq | null |
What remains a constant of radioactive substance over time? | [
"temperature",
"rate of decay",
"acidity",
"volatility"
] | B | The rate of decay of a radioactive substance is constant over time. | train | sciq | null |
Terrestrial ecosystems, also known for their diversity, are grouped into large categories called what? | [
"bisomes",
"biomes",
"substrates",
"monomes"
] | B | Terrestrial ecosystems, also known for their diversity, are grouped into large categories called biomes. A biome is a largescale community of organisms, primarily defined on land by the dominant plant types that exist in geographic regions of the planet with similar climatic conditions. Examples of biomes include tropi... | train | sciq | null |
High explosives create shock waves that exceed the speed of sound, a phenomenon that goes by what term? | [
"ion speed",
"supersonic",
"light speed",
"turbulence"
] | B | The modern day formulation of gun powder is called black powder. It is still commonly used today. Its formulation is still quite similar to what was used in 9 th century China. Black powder is considered a low explosive. It is a mixture that burns quickly, but the resulting shock wave travels at subsonic speeds. The sp... | train | sciq | null |
What do you call a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to do a specific task? | [
"marrow",
"organ",
"system",
"cell"
] | B | An organ is a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to do a specific task. Most modern plants have several organs that help them survive and reproduce in a variety of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves. These and other plant organs generally contain al... | train | sciq | null |
Davis decided to kill Adams. He set out for Adams's house. Before he got there he saw Brooks, who resembled Adams. Thinking that Brooks was Adams, Davis shot at Brooks. The shot missed Brooks but wounded Case, who was some distance away. Davis had not seen Case. In a prosecution under a statute that proscribes any atte... | [
"Adams only.",
"Brooks only.",
"Case only.",
"Adams and Brooks"
] | B | null | train | mmlu | |
A state statute requires any person licensed to sell prescription drugs to file with the State Board of Health a report listing the types and amounts of such drugs sold if his or her sales of such drugs exceed $50,000 during a calendar year. The statute makes it a misdemeanor to "knowingly fail to file" such a report. ... | [
"guilty, because this is a public welfare offense. ",
"guilty, because he cannot be excused on the basis of his own failure to keep proper records. ",
"not guilty, because the statute punishes omissions and he was not given fair warning of his duty to act. ",
"not guilty, because he was not aware of the value... | D | null | train | mmlu | |
Lender met Borrower on the street, demanded that Borrower pay a debt owed to Lender, and threatened to punch Borrower in the nose. A fight ensued between them. Mann came upon the scene just as Lender was about to kick Borrower in the head. Noting that Lender was getting the better of the fight, Mann pointed a gun at Le... | [
"Yes, because Mann threatened to use deadly force. ",
"Yes, unless Mann was related to Borrower. ",
"No, if it was apparent that Lender was about to inflict serious bodily harm upon Borrower. ",
"No, because Lender was the original aggressor by threatening Borrower with a battery"
] | C | null | train | mmlu | |
Peter sued Don for breach of contract. The court admitted testimony by Peter that Don and his wife quarreled frequently, a fact of no consequence to the lawsuit. Don seeks to testify in response that he and his wife never quarreled. The court | [
"must permit Don to answer if he had objected to Peter's testimony.",
"may permit Don to answer, whether or not he had objected to Peter's testimony. ",
"may permit Don to answer only if he had objected to Peter's testimony.",
"cannot permit Don to answer, whether or not he had objected to Peter's testimony"
... | B | null | train | mmlu | |
Ames had painted Bell's house under a contract which called for payment of $2,000. Bell, contending in good faith that the porch had not been painted properly, refused to pay anything. On June 15, Ames mailed a letter to Bell stating, "I am in serious need of money. Please send the $2,000 to me before July 1." On June ... | [
"partial breach of contract only if Ames had properly or substantially painted the porch.",
"partial breach of contract whether or not Ames had properly or substantially painted the porch.",
"total breach of contract only if Ames had properly or substantially painted the porch.",
"total breach of contract whe... | C | null | train | mmlu | |
Ames had painted Bell's house under a contract which called for payment of $2,000. Bell, contending in good faith that the porch had not been painted properly, refused to pay anything. On June 15, Ames mailed a letter to Bell stating, "I am in serious need of money. Please send the $2,000 to me before July 1." On June ... | [
"succeed if he can prove that he had painted the porch according to specifications.",
"succeed, because he cashed the check under economic duress. ",
"not succeed, because he cashed the check without objection. ",
"not succeed, because he is entitled to recover only the reasonable value of his services"
] | C | null | train | mmlu | |
Ames had painted Bell's house under a contract which called for payment of $2,000. Bell, contending in good faith that the porch had not been painted properly, refused to pay anything. On June 15, Ames mailed a letter to Bell stating, "I am in serious need of money. Please send the $2,000 to me before July 1." On June ... | [
"succeed, because by cashing the check Ames impliedly promised to repaint the porch. ",
"succeed, because Ames accepted Bell's offer by not replying to the letter of June 18. ",
"not succeed, because Bell's letter of June 18 was a counteroffer which Ames never accepted. ",
"not succeed, because there is no co... | A | null | train | mmlu | |
The State of Aurora requires licenses of persons "who are engaged in the trade of barbering." It will grant such licenses only to those who are graduates of barber schools located in Aurora, who have resided in the state for two years, and who are citizens of the United States. The requirement that candidates for licen... | [
"unconstitutional as an undue burden on interstate commerce.",
"unconstitutional as a violation of the privileges and immunities clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.",
"constitutional, because the state does not know the quality of out-of-state barber schools. ",
"constitutional, because barbering is a privile... | A | null | train | mmlu | |
The State of Aurora requires licenses of persons "who are engaged in the trade of barbering." It will grant such licenses only to those who are graduates of barber schools located in Aurora, who have resided in the state for two years, and who are citizens of the United States. The requirement that candidates for licen... | [
"constitutional as an effort to ensure that barbers speak English adequately.",
"constitutional as an exercise of the state police power.",
"unconstitutional as a bill of attainder.",
"unconstitutional as a denial of equal protection"
] | D | null | train | mmlu | |
The State of Aurora requires licenses of persons "who are engaged in the trade of barbering." It will grant such licenses only to those who are graduates of barber schools located in Aurora, who have resided in the state for two years, and who are citizens of the United States. Assume that a resident of the state of Au... | [
"dismissed, because there is no diversity of citizenship. ",
"dismissed, because of the abstention doctrine. ",
"decided on the merits, because federal jurisdiction extends to controversies between two states. ",
"decided on the merits, because a federal question is involved"
] | D | null | train | mmlu | |
The State of Aurora requires licenses of persons "who are engaged in the trade of barbering." It will grant such licenses only to those who are graduates of barber schools located in Aurora, who have resided in the state for two years, and who are citizens of the United States. Which of the following is the strongest g... | [
"The privileges and immunities clause of the Fourteenth Amendment",
"The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment",
"The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment",
"The obligation of contracts claus"
] | C | null | train | mmlu | |
John was fired from his job. Too proud to apply for unemployment benefits, he used his savings to feed his family. When one of his children became ill, he did not seek medical attention for the child at a state clinic because he did not want to accept what he regarded as charity. Eventually, weakened by malnutrition, t... | [
"murder.",
"involuntary manslaughter.",
"voluntary manslaughter.",
"no form of criminal homicide"
] | B | null | train | mmlu | |
Professor Merrill, in a lecture in her psychology course at a private university, described an experiment in which a group of college students in a neighboring city rushed out and washed cars stopped at traffic lights during the rush hour. She described how people reacted differently with shock, joy, and surprise. At... | [
"assault.",
"negligence.",
"invasion of privacy.",
"false imprisonment"
] | A | null | train | mmlu | |
Professor Merrill, in a lecture in her psychology course at a private university, described an experiment in which a group of college students in a neighboring city rushed out and washed cars stopped at traffic lights during the rush hour. She described how people reacted differently with shock, joy, and surprise. At... | [
"Yes, if the students would not have performed the experiment but for Merrill's lecture. ",
"Yes, if Carr's claim against the students is based on negligence. ",
"No, because the students were not Merrill's employees. ",
"No, because Merrill did not authorize the car wash as a class project"
] | D | null | train | mmlu | |
Oxnard owned Goldacre, a tract of land, in fee simple. At a time when Goldacre was in the adverse possession of Amos, Eric obtained the oral permission of Oxnard to use a portion of Goldacre as a road or driveway to reach adjoining land, Twin Pines, which Eric owned in fee simple. Thereafter, during all times relevant ... | [
"win, because his use was adverse to Amos and once adverse it continued adverse until some affirmative showing of a change. ",
"win, because Eric made no attempt to renew permission after Amos quit possession of Goldacre. ",
"lose, because his use was with permission. ",
"lose, because there is no evidence th... | C | null | train | mmlu | |
Mary Webb, a physician called as a witness by the defendant in the case of Parr v. Doan, was asked to testify to statements made by Michael Zadok, her patient, for the purpose of obtaining treatment from Dr. Webb. Which of the following is the best basis for excluding evidence of Zadok's statements in a jurisdiction wi... | [
"An objection by Dr. Webb asserting her privilege against disclosure of confidential communications made by a patient.",
"An objection by Parr's attorney on the grounds of the doctor-patient privilege.",
"A finding by the trial judge that Zadok had left the office without actually receiving treatment.",
"The ... | D | null | train | mmlu | |
A leading question is LEAST likely to be permitted over objection when | [
"asked on cross-examination of an expert witness.",
"asked on direct examination of a young child.",
"asked on direct examination of a disinterested eyewitness.",
"related to preliminary matters such as the name or occupation of the witness"
] | C | null | train | mmlu | |
Roofer entered into a written contract with Orissa to repair the roof of Orissa's home, the repairs to be done "in a workmanlike manner." Roofer completed the repairs and took all of his equipment away, with the exception of a 20-foot extension ladder, which was left against the side of the house. He intended to come b... | [
"prevail, because by leaving the ladder, Roofer became a trespasser on Orissa's property. ",
"prevail, because by leaving the ladder, Roofer created the risk that a person might unlawfully enter the house. ",
"not prevail, because the act of the thief was a superseding cause. ",
"not prevail, because Orissa's... | B | null | train | mmlu | |
Homer and Purcell entered into a valid, enforceable written contract by which Homer agreed to sell and Purcell agreed to purchase Blackacre, which was Homer's residence. One of the contract provisions was that after closing, Homer had the right to remain in residence at Blackacre for up to 30 days before delivering pos... | [
"trespasser ab initio.",
"licensee.",
"tenant at sufferance.",
"tenant from month to month"
] | B | null | train | mmlu | |
Albert engaged Bertha, an inexperienced actress, to do a small role in a new Broadway play for a period of six months at a salary of $200 a week. Bertha turned down another role in order to accept this engagement. On the third day of the run, Bertha was hospitalized with influenza and Helen was hired to do the part. A ... | [
"Her acting contract with Albert was legally severable into weekly units.",
"Her performance of the literal terms of the contract was physically impossible.",
"Her reliance on the engagement with Albert by declining another acting role created an estoppel against Albert.",
"Her failure to perform for one week... | D | null | train | mmlu | |
Albert engaged Bertha, an inexperienced actress, to do a small role in a new Broadway play for a period of six months at a salary of $200 a week. Bertha turned down another role in order to accept this engagement. On the third day of the run, Bertha was hospitalized with influenza and Helen was hired to do the part. A ... | [
"Albert could not find any substitute except Helen, who demanded a contract for a minimum of six months if she was to perform at all. ",
"Helen, by general acclaim, was much better in the role than Bertha had been. 7 ",
"Albert had offered Bertha a position as Helen's understudy at a salary of $100 a week, whic... | A | null | train | mmlu |
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