Blame for vulnerability-intelligence/mitre-attack-techniques.json

[
  {
    "id": "T1055.011",
    "name": "Extra Window Memory Injection",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via Extra Window Memory (EWM) in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. EWM injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nBefore creating a window, graphic",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1053.005",
    "name": "Scheduled Task",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Windows Task Scheduler to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. There are multiple ways to access the Task Scheduler in Windows. The [schtasks](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0111) utility can be run directly on the command line, ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1205.002",
    "name": "Socket Filters",
    "description": "Adversaries may attach filters to a network socket to monitor then activate backdoors used for persistence or command and control. With elevated permissions, adversaries can use features such as the `libpcap` library to open sockets and install filters to allow or disallow certain types of data to c",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1066",
    "name": "Indicator Removal from Tools",
    "description": "If a malicious tool is detected and quarantined or otherwise curtailed, an adversary may be able to determine why the malicious tool was detected (the indicator), modify the tool by removing the indicator, and use the updated version that is no longer detected by the target's defensive systems or su",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1066"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1560.001",
    "name": "Archive via Utility",
    "description": "Adversaries may use utilities to compress and/or encrypt collected data prior to exfiltration. Many utilities include functionalities to compress, encrypt, or otherwise package data into a format that is easier/more secure to transport.\n\nAdversaries may abuse various utilities to compress or encrypt",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1021.005",
    "name": "VNC",
    "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to remotely control machines using Virtual Network Computing (VNC).  VNC is a platform-independent desktop sharing system that uses the RFB (\u201cremote framebuffer\u201d) protocol to enable users to remotely control another comp",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1047",
    "name": "Windows Management Instrumentation",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to execute malicious commands and payloads. WMI is designed for programmers and is the infrastructure for management data and operations on Windows systems.(Citation: WMI 1-3) WMI is an administration feature that provides a uniform envi",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1047"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1687",
    "name": "Exploitation for Defense Impairment",
    "description": "Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities in security software, infrastructure, or defensive components to degrade, disable, or otherwise continue to impair their ability to prevent, detect, or respond to malicious activity. \n \nAdversaries may exploit a system or application vulnerability to directly ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1687"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1156",
    "name": "Malicious Shell Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence through executing malicious commands triggered by a user\u2019s shell. User shells execute several configuration scripts at different points throughout the session based on events. For example, when a user opens a command line interface or remotely logs in (such as S",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1156"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1113",
    "name": "Screen Capture",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to take screen captures of the desktop to gather information over the course of an operation. Screen capturing functionality may be included as a feature of a remote access tool used in post-compromise operations. Taking a screenshot is also typically possible through native ",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1113"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.011",
    "name": "Fileless Storage",
    "description": "Adversaries may store data in \"fileless\" formats to conceal malicious activity from defenses. Fileless storage can be broadly defined as any format other than a file. Common examples of non-volatile fileless storage in Windows systems include the Windows Registry, event logs, or WMI repository.(Cita",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1067",
    "name": "Bootkit",
    "description": "A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, including the Master Boot Record (MBR) and Volume Boot Record (VBR). (Citation: MTrends 2016)\n\nAdversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems at a layer below the operating system, which may make it difficult to perfo",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1067"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1037",
    "name": "Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts",
    "description": "Adversaries may use scripts automatically executed at boot or logon initialization to establish persistence.(Citation: Mandiant APT29 Eye Spy Email Nov 22)(Citation: Anomali Rocke March 2019) Initialization scripts can be used to perform administrative functions, which may often execute other progra",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1557",
    "name": "Adversary-in-the-Middle",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to position themselves between two or more networked devices using an adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) technique to support follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040), [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techni",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access",
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1033",
    "name": "System Owner/User Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to identify the primary user, currently logged in user, set of users that commonly uses a system, or whether a user is actively using the system. They may do this, for example, by retrieving account usernames or by using [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techni",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1033"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1583",
    "name": "Acquire Infrastructure",
    "description": "Adversaries may buy, lease, rent, or obtain infrastructure that can be used during targeting. A wide variety of infrastructure exists for hosting and orchestrating adversary operations. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, and third-party web services.(Citation: Trend",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.011",
    "name": "Rundll32",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse rundll32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Using rundll32.exe, vice executing directly (i.e. [Shared Modules](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129)), may avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of the rundll32.exe process because of allowlist",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1613",
    "name": "Container and Resource Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to discover containers and other resources that are available within a containers environment. Other resources may include images, deployments, pods, nodes, and other information such as the status of a cluster.\n\nThese resources can be viewed within web applications such as t",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1613"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1583.007",
    "name": "Serverless",
    "description": "Adversaries may purchase and configure serverless cloud infrastructure, such as Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda functions, or Google Apps Scripts, that can be used during targeting. By utilizing serverless infrastructure, adversaries can make it more difficult to attribute infrastructure used during ",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1143",
    "name": "Hidden Window",
    "description": "Adversaries may implement hidden windows to conceal malicious activity from the plain sight of users. In some cases, windows that would typically be displayed when an application carries out an operation can be hidden. This may be utilized by system administrators to avoid disrupting user work envir",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1143"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1161",
    "name": "LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition",
    "description": "Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dynamic libraries (dylibs) to load during execution time. These can be added ad-hoc to the compiled binary as long adju",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1161"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1132.001",
    "name": "Standard Encoding",
    "description": "Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encodi",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.009",
    "name": "Embedded Payloads",
    "description": "Adversaries may embed payloads within other files to conceal malicious content from defenses. Otherwise seemingly benign files (such as scripts and executables) may be abused to carry and obfuscate malicious payloads and content. In some cases, embedded payloads may also enable adversaries to [Subve",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1150",
    "name": "Plist Modification",
    "description": "Property list (plist) files contain all of the information that macOS and OS X uses to configure applications and services. These files are UTF-8 encoded and formatted like XML documents via a series of keys surrounded by < >. They detail when programs should execute, file paths to the executables, ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1150"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556.003",
    "name": "Pluggable Authentication Modules",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify pluggable authentication modules (PAM) to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. PAM is a modular system of configuration files, libraries, and executable files which guide authentication for many services. The most common authentication mo",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1578.004",
    "name": "Revert Cloud Instance",
    "description": "An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1148",
    "name": "HISTCONTROL",
    "description": "The <code>HISTCONTROL</code> environment variable keeps track of what should be saved by the <code>history</code> command and eventually into the <code>~/.bash_history</code> file when a user logs out. This setting can be configured to ignore commands that start with a space by simply setting it to ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1148"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1592",
    "name": "Gather Victim Host Information",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's hosts that can be used during targeting. Information about hosts may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: name, assigned IP, functionality, etc.) as well as specifics regarding its configuration (ex: operating system, ",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1596.003",
    "name": "Digital Certificates",
    "description": "Adversaries may search public digital certificate data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Digital certificates are issued by a certificate authority (CA) in order to cryptographically verify the origin of signed content. These certificates, such as those used for encryp",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1056.001",
    "name": "Keylogging",
    "description": "Adversaries may log user keystrokes to intercept credentials as the user types them. Keylogging is likely to be used to acquire credentials for new access opportunities when [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) efforts are not effective, and may require an adversary to ",
    "tactics": [
      "collection",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.012",
    "name": "File/Path Exclusions",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to hide their file-based artifacts by writing them to specific folders or file names excluded from antivirus (AV) scanning and other defensive capabilities. AV and other file-based scanners often include exclusions to optimize performance as well as ease installation and legi",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1222.002",
    "name": "Linux and Mac Permissions",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1110.001",
    "name": "Password Guessing",
    "description": "Adversaries with no prior knowledge of legitimate credentials within the system or environment may guess passwords to attempt access to accounts. Without knowledge of the password for an account, an adversary may opt to systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism. An ",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1216.001",
    "name": "PubPrn",
    "description": "Adversaries may use PubPrn to proxy execution of malicious remote files. PubPrn.vbs is a [Visual Basic](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005) script that publishes a printer to Active Directory Domain Services. The script may be signed by Microsoft and is commonly executed through the [Wind",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1597.002",
    "name": "Purchase Technical Data",
    "description": "Adversaries may purchase technical information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase within reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions to feeds of scan databases or other data aggregation services. Adversarie",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1003",
    "name": "OS Credential Dumping",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password. Credentials can be obtained from OS caches, memory, or structures.(Citation: Brining MimiKatz to Unix) Credentials can then be used to perform [Latera",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1129",
    "name": "Shared Modules",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute malicious payloads via loading shared modules. Shared modules are executable files that are loaded into processes to provide access to reusable code, such as specific custom functions or invoking OS API functions (i.e., [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106))",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1129"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1602",
    "name": "Data from Configuration Repository",
    "description": "Adversaries may collect data related to managed devices from configuration repositories. Configuration repositories are used by management systems in order to configure, manage, and control data on remote systems. Configuration repositories may also facilitate remote access and administration of dev",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1561.002",
    "name": "Disk Structure Wipe",
    "description": "Adversaries may corrupt or wipe the disk data structures on a hard drive necessary to boot a system; targeting specific critical systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to render the system unable to boot by overwr",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1498.001",
    "name": "Direct Network Flood",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by directly sending a high-volume of network traffic to a target. This DoS attack may also reduce the availability and functionality of the targeted system(s) and network. [Direct Network Flood](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/001)",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1492",
    "name": "Stored Data Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, an",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1492"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.007",
    "name": "Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables used to load libraries. The PATH environment variable contains a list of directories (User and System) that the OS searches sequentially through in search of the binary that was called from a script or the comman",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1213.002",
    "name": "Sharepoint",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage the SharePoint repository as a source to mine valuable information. SharePoint will often contain useful information for an adversary to learn about the structure and functionality of the internal network and systems. For example, the following is a list of example informati",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1006",
    "name": "Direct Volume Access",
    "description": "Adversaries may directly access a volume to bypass file access controls and file system monitoring. Windows allows programs to have direct access to logical volumes. Programs with direct access may read and write files directly from the drive by analyzing file system data structures. This technique ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1044",
    "name": "File System Permissions Weakness",
    "description": "Processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself, are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with anothe",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1044"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1588.007",
    "name": "Artificial Intelligence",
    "description": "Adversaries may obtain access to generative artificial intelligence tools, such as large language models (LLMs), to aid various techniques during targeting. These tools may be used to inform, bolster, and enable a variety of malicious tasks, including conducting [Reconnaissance](https://attack.mitre",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1666",
    "name": "Modify Cloud Resource Hierarchy",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to modify hierarchical structures in infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environments in order to evade defenses.  \n\nIaaS environments often group resources into a hierarchy, enabling improved resource management and application of policies to relevant groups. Hierarchical str",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1666"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.008",
    "name": "Email Hiding Rules",
    "description": "Adversaries may use email rules to hide inbound emails in a compromised user's mailbox. Many email clients allow users to create inbox rules for various email functions, including moving emails to other folders, marking emails as read, or deleting emails. Rules may be created or modified within emai",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1491.002",
    "name": "External Defacement",
    "description": "An adversary may deface systems external to an organization in an attempt to deliver messaging, intimidate, or otherwise mislead an organization or users. [External Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002) may ultimately cause users to distrust the systems and to question/discredit",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.013",
    "name": "Encrypted/Encoded File",
    "description": "Adversaries may encrypt or encode files to obfuscate strings, bytes, and other specific patterns to impede detection. Encrypting and/or encoding file content aims to conceal malicious artifacts within a file used in an intrusion. Many other techniques, such as [Software Packing](https://attack.mitre",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1171",
    "name": "LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning and Relay",
    "description": "Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) and NetBIOS Name Service (NBT-NS) are Microsoft Windows components that serve as alternate methods of host identification. LLMNR is based upon the Domain Name System (DNS) format and allows hosts on the same local link to perform name resolution for other",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1171"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1590.005",
    "name": "IP Addresses",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather the victim's IP addresses that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses. Information about assigned IP addresses may include a variety of details, such as which IP addresses are in use. IP ",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1499.001",
    "name": "OS Exhaustion Flood",
    "description": "Adversaries may launch a denial of service (DoS) attack targeting an endpoint's operating system (OS). A system's OS is responsible for managing the finite resources as well as preventing the entire system from being overwhelmed by excessive demands on its capacity. These attacks do not need to exha",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1014",
    "name": "Rootkit",
    "description": "Adversaries may use rootkits to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components. Rootkits are programs that hide the existence of malware by intercepting/hooking and modifying operating system API calls that supply system information. (Citati",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1014"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.013",
    "name": "PowerShell Profile",
    "description": "Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by PowerShell profiles. A PowerShell profile  (<code>profile.ps1</code>) is a script that runs when [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) starts and can be used as a logon script to",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.007",
    "name": "JavaScript",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse various implementations of JavaScript for execution. JavaScript (JS) is a platform-independent scripting language (compiled just-in-time at runtime) commonly associated with scripts in webpages, though JS can be executed in runtime environments outside the browser.(Citation: No",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1685.003",
    "name": "Modify or Spoof Tool UI",
    "description": "Adversaries may spoof or manipulate security tool user interfaces (UIs) to falsely indicate tools are functioning normally and delay detection and response. \n\nAdversaries may present misleading or falsified security tool interfaces (UIs) that display normal or healthy status indicators, even when un",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1685/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1590.002",
    "name": "DNS",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's DNS that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target\u2019s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts. DNS MX, TXT, and SPF r",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1501",
    "name": "Systemd Service",
    "description": "Systemd services can be used to establish persistence on a Linux system. The systemd service manager is commonly used for managing background daemon processes (also known as services) and other system resources.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd January 2014)(Citation: Freedesktop.org Linux systemd",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1501"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1485.001",
    "name": "Lifecycle-Triggered Deletion",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify the lifecycle policies of a cloud storage bucket to destroy all objects stored within.  \n\nCloud storage buckets often allow users to set lifecycle policies to automate the migration, archival, or deletion of objects after a set period of time.(Citation: AWS Storage Lifecycles)",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1514",
    "name": "Elevated Execution with Prompt",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage the AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges API to escalate privileges by prompting the user for credentials.(Citation: AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges) The purpose of this API is to give application developers an easy way to perform operations with root privileges, ",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1514"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1123",
    "name": "Audio Capture",
    "description": "An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., microphones and webcams) or applications (e.g., voice and video call services) to capture audio recordings for the purpose of listening into sensitive conversations to gather information.(Citation: ESET Attor Oct 2019)\n\nMalware or scri",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1123"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1543",
    "name": "Create or Modify System Process",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or modify system-level processes to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When operating systems boot up, they can start processes that perform background system functions. On Windows and Linux, these system processes are referred to as services.(Citati",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1133",
    "name": "External Remote Services",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage external-facing remote services to initially access and/or persist within a network. Remote services such as VPNs, Citrix, and other access mechanisms allow users to connect to internal enterprise network resources from external locations. There are often remote service gate",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1109",
    "name": "Component Firmware",
    "description": "Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to [System Firmware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1109"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.006",
    "name": "LC_LOAD_DYLIB Addition",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by the execution of tainted binaries. Mach-O binaries have a series of headers that are used to perform certain operations when a binary is loaded. The LC_LOAD_DYLIB header in a Mach-O binary tells macOS and OS X which dy",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1539",
    "name": "Steal Web Session Cookie",
    "description": "An adversary may steal web application or service session cookies and use them to gain access to web applications or Internet services as an authenticated user without needing credentials. Web applications and services often use session cookies as an authentication token after a user has authenticat",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1539"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1053.007",
    "name": "Container Orchestration Job",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality provided by container orchestration tools such as Kubernetes to schedule deployment of containers configured to execute malicious code. Container orchestration jobs run these automated tasks at a specific date and time, similar to cron jobs on a Li",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1568.002",
    "name": "Domain Generation Algorithms",
    "description": "Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination domain for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders to block, track, or take over th",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.007",
    "name": "Double File Extension",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse a double extension in the filename as a means of masquerading the true file type. A file name may include a secondary file type extension that may cause only the first extension to be displayed (ex: <code>File.txt.exe</code> may render in some views as just <code>File.txt</code",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1548.002",
    "name": "Bypass User Account Control",
    "description": "Adversaries may bypass UAC mechanisms to elevate process privileges on system. Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its privileges (tracked as integrity levels ranging from low to high) to perform a task under administrator-level permissions, possibly by prompting the user ",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1099",
    "name": "Timestomp",
    "description": "Adversaries may take actions to hide the deployment of new, or modification of existing files to obfuscate their activities. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder. This is do",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1099"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1496.003",
    "name": "SMS Pumping",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage messaging services for SMS pumping, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability.(Citation: Twilio SMS Pumping) SMS pumping is a type of telecommunications fraud whereby a threat actor first obtains a set of phone numbers from a telecommunications provider, the",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1016.001",
    "name": "Internet Connection Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may check for Internet connectivity on compromised systems. This may be performed during automated discovery and can be accomplished in numerous ways such as using [Ping](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0097), <code>tracert</code>, and GET requests to websites, or performing initial s",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1548.003",
    "name": "Sudo and Sudo Caching",
    "description": "Adversaries may perform sudo caching and/or use the sudoers file to elevate privileges. Adversaries may do this to execute commands as other users or spawn processes with higher privileges.\n\nWithin Linux and MacOS systems, sudo (sometimes referred to as \"superuser do\") allows users to perform comman",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1685.001",
    "name": "Disable or Modify Windows Event Log",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify the Windows Event Log to limit data that can be leveraged for detections and audits. Windows Event Log records user and system activity such as login attempts and process creation.(Citation: EventLog_Core_Technologies) This data is used by security tools and analyst",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1685/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1682",
    "name": "Query Public AI Services",
    "description": "Adversaries may query publicly accessible artificial intelligence (AI) services, such as large language models (LLMs), to support targeting and operations. In addition to searching websites or databases directly (i.e., [Search Open Websites/Domains](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593)), adver",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1682"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1560.003",
    "name": "Archive via Custom Method",
    "description": "An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using a custom method. Adversaries may choose to use custom archival methods, such as encryption with XOR or stream ciphers implemented with no external library or utility references. Custom implementations of well-kno",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1578",
    "name": "Modify Cloud Compute Infrastructure",
    "description": "An adversary may attempt to modify a cloud account's compute service infrastructure to evade defenses. A modification to the compute service infrastructure can include the creation, deletion, or modification of one or more components such as compute instances, virtual machines, and snapshots.\n\nPermi",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1584.008",
    "name": "Network Devices",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party network devices that can be used during targeting. Network devices, such as small office/home office (SOHO) routers, may be compromised where the adversary's ultimate goal is not [Initial Access](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0001) to that environment, but",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1583.008",
    "name": "Malvertising",
    "description": "Adversaries may purchase online advertisements that can be abused to distribute malware to victims. Ads can be purchased to plant as well as favorably position artifacts in specific locations  online, such as prominently placed within search engine results. These ads may make it more difficult for u",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1069",
    "name": "Permission Groups Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to discover group and permission settings. This information can help adversaries determine which user accounts and groups are available, the membership of users in particular groups, and which users and groups have elevated permissions.\n\nAdversaries may attempt to discover gr",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1114",
    "name": "Email Collection",
    "description": "Adversaries may target user email to collect sensitive information. Emails may contain sensitive data, including trade secrets or personal information, that can prove valuable to adversaries. Emails may also contain details of ongoing incident response operations, which may allow adversaries to adju",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1003.002",
    "name": "Security Account Manager",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to extract credential material from the Security Account Manager (SAM) database either through in-memory techniques or through the Windows Registry where the SAM database is stored. The SAM is a database file that contains local accounts for the host, typically those found wi",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1596.002",
    "name": "WHOIS",
    "description": "Adversaries may search public WHOIS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. WHOIS data is stored by regional Internet registries (RIR) responsible for allocating and assigning Internet resources such as domain names. Anyone can query WHOIS servers for information about ",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1542.001",
    "name": "System Firmware",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify system firmware to persist on systems.The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardwa",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1594",
    "name": "Search Victim-Owned Websites",
    "description": "Adversaries may search websites owned by the victim for information that can be used during targeting. Victim-owned websites may contain a variety of details, including names of departments/divisions, physical locations, and data about key employees such as names, roles, and contact info (ex: [Email",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1594"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1069.003",
    "name": "Cloud Groups",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find cloud groups and permission settings. The knowledge of cloud permission groups can help adversaries determine the particular roles of users and groups within an environment, as well as which users are associated with a particular group.\n\nWith authenticated access ther",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS",
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.011",
    "name": "Services Registry Permissions Weakness",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Flaws in the permissions for Registry keys related to services can allow adversaries to redirect the originally specified executable to one they control, launching their own code when a service s",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1596.001",
    "name": "DNS/Passive DNS",
    "description": "Adversaries may search DNS data for information about victims that can be used during targeting. DNS information may include a variety of details, including registered name servers as well as records that outline addressing for a target\u2019s subdomains, mail servers, and other hosts.\n\nAdversaries may s",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1499.003",
    "name": "Application Exhaustion Flood",
    "description": "Adversaries may target resource intensive features of applications to cause a denial of service (DoS), denying availability to those applications. For example, specific features in web applications may be highly resource intensive. Repeated requests to those features may be able to exhaust system re",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1163",
    "name": "Rc.common",
    "description": "During the boot process, macOS executes <code>source /etc/rc.common</code>, which is a shell script containing various utility functions. This file also defines routines for processing command-line arguments and for gathering system settings, and is thus recommended to include in the start of Startu",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1163"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1195.001",
    "name": "Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools",
    "description": "Adversaries may manipulate software dependencies and development tools prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Applications often depend on external software to function properly. Popular open source projects that are used as dependencies in many applicatio",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1588.004",
    "name": "Digital Certificates",
    "description": "Adversaries may buy and/or steal SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's cont",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1583.002",
    "name": "DNS Server",
    "description": "Adversaries may set up their own Domain Name System (DNS) servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071))",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1561",
    "name": "Disk Wipe",
    "description": "Adversaries may wipe or corrupt raw disk data on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. With direct write access to a disk, adversaries may attempt to overwrite portions of disk data. Adversaries may opt to wipe arbitrary portions",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1071.004",
    "name": "DNS",
    "description": "Adversaries may communicate using the Domain Name System (DNS) application layer protocol to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1552.005",
    "name": "Cloud Instance Metadata API",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data.\n\nMost cloud service providers support a Cloud Instance Metadata API which is a service provided to running virtual instances that allows applications to access information about the run",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1555.002",
    "name": "Securityd Memory",
    "description": "An adversary with root access may gather credentials by reading `securityd`\u2019s memory. `securityd` is a service/daemon responsible for implementing security protocols such as encryption and authorization.(Citation: Apple Dev SecurityD) A privileged adversary may be able to scan through `securityd`'s ",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1615",
    "name": "Group Policy Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information on Group Policy settings to identify paths for privilege escalation, security measures applied within a domain, and to discover patterns in domain objects that can be manipulated or used to blend in the environment. Group Policy allows for centralized management of",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1615"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1542.003",
    "name": "Bootkit",
    "description": "Adversaries may use bootkits to persist on systems. A bootkit is a malware variant that modifies the boot sectors of a hard drive, allowing malicious code to execute before a computer's operating system has loaded. Bootkits reside at a layer below the operating system and may make it difficult to pe",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1025",
    "name": "Data from Removable Media",
    "description": "Adversaries may search connected removable media on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from any removable media (optical disk drive, USB memory, etc.) connected to the compromised system prior to Exfiltration. Interactive command shells may be ",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1025"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1116",
    "name": "Code Signing",
    "description": "Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) However, adversaries are known to use code signing certificates to masquerade malware and tools as legitimate binaries (Citation",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1116"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.013",
    "name": "Mavinject",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse mavinject.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Mavinject.exe is the Microsoft Application Virtualization Injector, a Windows utility that can inject code into external processes as part of Microsoft Application Virtualization (App-V).(Citation: LOLBAS Mavinject)\n\nAdversari",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1522",
    "name": "Cloud Instance Metadata API",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access the Cloud Instance Metadata API to collect credentials and other sensitive data.\n\nMost cloud service providers support a Cloud Instance Metadata API which is a service provided to running virtual instances that allows applications to access information about the run",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1522"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1093",
    "name": "Process Hollowing",
    "description": "Process hollowing occurs when a process is created in a suspended state then its memory is unmapped and replaced with malicious code. Similar to [Process Injection](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055), execution of the malicious code is masked under a legitimate process and may evade defenses",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1093"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1074.001",
    "name": "Local Data Staging",
    "description": "Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory on the local system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells m",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.005",
    "name": "Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location",
    "description": "Adversaries may match or approximate the name or location of legitimate files, Registry keys, or other resources when naming/placing them. This is done for the sake of evading defenses and observation. \n\nThis may be done by placing an executable in a commonly trusted directory (ex: under System32) o",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1172",
    "name": "Domain Fronting",
    "description": "Domain fronting takes advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and other services which host multiple domains to obfuscate the intended destination of HTTPS traffic or traffic tunneled through HTTPS. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting ",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1172"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1587.003",
    "name": "Digital Certificates",
    "description": "Adversaries may create self-signed SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are designed to instill trust. They include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the digital signature of an entity that has verified the certificate's co",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1565.001",
    "name": "Stored Data Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data at rest in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating stored data, adversaries may attempt to affect a busines",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1110.002",
    "name": "Password Cracking",
    "description": "Adversaries may use password cracking to attempt to recover usable credentials, such as plaintext passwords, when credential material such as password hashes are obtained. [OS Credential Dumping](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003) can be used to obtain password hashes, this may only get an a",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1178",
    "name": "SID-History Injection",
    "description": "The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An account can hold additional SIDs in the SID-History Active Directory attribute (Citation: Mi",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1178"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1114.001",
    "name": "Local Email Collection",
    "description": "Adversaries may target user email on local systems to collect sensitive information. Files containing email data can be acquired from a user\u2019s local system, such as Outlook storage or cache files.\n\nOutlook stores data locally in offline data files with an extension of .ost. Outlook 2010 and later su",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1555.001",
    "name": "Keychain",
    "description": "Adversaries may acquire credentials from Keychain. Keychain (or Keychain Services) is the macOS credential management system that stores account names, passwords, private keys, certificates, sensitive application data, payment data, and secure notes. There are three types of Keychains: Login Keychai",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547",
    "name": "Boot or Logon Autostart Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may configure system settings to automatically execute a program during system boot or logon to maintain persistence or gain higher-level privileges on compromised systems. Operating systems may have mechanisms for automatically running a program on system boot or account logon.(Citation",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1003.004",
    "name": "LSA Secrets",
    "description": "Adversaries with SYSTEM access to a host may attempt to access Local Security Authority (LSA) secrets, which can contain a variety of different credential materials, such as credentials for service accounts.(Citation: Passcape LSA Secrets)(Citation: Microsoft AD Admin Tier Model)(Citation: Tilbury W",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1013",
    "name": "Port Monitors",
    "description": "A port monitor can be set through the  (Citation: AddMonitor) API call to set a DLL to be loaded at startup. (Citation: AddMonitor) This DLL can be located in <code>C:\\Windows\\System32</code> and will be loaded by the print spooler service, spoolsv.exe, on boot. The spoolsv.exe process also runs und",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1600",
    "name": "Weaken Encryption",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise a network device\u2019s encryption capability in order to bypass encryption that would otherwise protect data communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nEncryption can be used to protect transmitted network traffic to maintain its confidentiality (protect against ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1606.002",
    "name": "SAML Tokens",
    "description": "An adversary may forge SAML tokens with any permissions claims and lifetimes if they possess a valid SAML token-signing certificate.(Citation: Microsoft SolarWinds Steps) The default lifetime of a SAML token is one hour, but the validity period can be specified in the <code>NotOnOrAfter</code> value",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS",
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1192",
    "name": "Spearphishing Link",
    "description": "Spearphishing with a link is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of links to download malware contained in email, instead of attaching malicious files to the email itself, to avoid defenses that may inspect email attachmen",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux",
      "Office 365",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1192"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.008",
    "name": "Masquerade File Type",
    "description": "Adversaries may masquerade malicious payloads as legitimate files through changes to the payload's formatting, including the file\u2019s signature, extension, icon, and contents. Various file types have a typical standard format, including how they are encoded and organized. For example, a file\u2019s signatu",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1489",
    "name": "Service Stop",
    "description": "Adversaries may stop or disable services on a system to render those services unavailable to legitimate users. Stopping critical services or processes can inhibit or stop response to an incident or aid in the adversary's overall objectives to cause damage to the environment.(Citation: Talos Olympic ",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1587.001",
    "name": "Malware",
    "description": "Adversaries may develop malware and malware components that can be used during targeting. Building malicious software can include the development of payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors (including backdoored images), packers, C2 protocols, and the creation of infected removable media",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1121",
    "name": "Regsvcs/Regasm",
    "description": "Regsvcs and Regasm are Windows command-line utilities that are used to register .NET Component Object Model (COM) assemblies. Both are digitally signed by Microsoft. (Citation: MSDN Regsvcs) (Citation: MSDN Regasm)\n\nAdversaries can use Regsvcs and Regasm to proxy execution of code through a trusted ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1121"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1652",
    "name": "Device Driver Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to enumerate local device drivers on a victim host. Information about device drivers may highlight various insights that shape follow-on behaviors, such as the function/purpose of the host, present security tools (i.e. [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/te",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1652"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1206",
    "name": "Sudo Caching",
    "description": "The <code>sudo</code> command \"allows a system administrator to delegate authority to give certain users (or groups of users) the ability to run some (or all) commands as root or another user while providing an audit trail of the commands and their arguments.\" (Citation: sudo man page 2018) Since su",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1206"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1087.002",
    "name": "Domain Account",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of domain accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which domain accounts exist to aid in follow-on behavior such as targeting specific accounts which possess particular privileges.\n\nCommands such as <code>net user /domain</code> and <code>net",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.014",
    "name": "Active Setup",
    "description": "Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a Registry key to the Active Setup of the local machine. Active Setup is a Windows mechanism that is used to execute programs when a user logs in. The value stored in the Registry key will be executed after a user logs into the computer.(Citation: Klein ",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/014"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564",
    "name": "Hide Artifacts",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing fi",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1559.002",
    "name": "Dynamic Data Exchange",
    "description": "Adversaries may use Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) to execute arbitrary commands. DDE is a client-server protocol for one-time and/or continuous inter-process communication (IPC) between applications. Once a link is established, applications can autonomously exchange transactions consisting of ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1204.002",
    "name": "Malicious File",
    "description": "An adversary may rely upon a user opening a malicious file in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to open a file that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Attachment](https://a",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1591.003",
    "name": "Identify Business Tempo",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business tempo that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization\u2019s business tempo may include a variety of details, including operational hours/days of the week. This information may also reveal times/dates of purchases and shi",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1685.004",
    "name": "Disable or Modify Linux Audit System Log",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify the Linux Audit system to hide malicious activity and avoid detection. Linux admins use the Linux Audit system to track security-relevant information on a system. The Linux Audit system operates at the kernel-level and maintains event logs on application and system ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1685/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1063",
    "name": "Security Software Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on the system. This may include things such as local firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from [Security Software Discovery](https://attack.mit",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1063"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1071.005",
    "name": "Publish/Subscribe Protocols",
    "description": "Adversaries may communicate using publish/subscribe (pub/sub) application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1592.001",
    "name": "Hardware",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host hardware that can be used during targeting. Information about hardware infrastructure may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1080",
    "name": "Taint Shared Content",
    "description": "\nAdversaries may deliver payloads to remote systems by adding content to shared storage locations, such as network drives or internal code repositories. Content stored on network drives or in other shared locations may be tainted by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to otherwise va",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "SaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1080"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1484.002",
    "name": "Trust Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries may add new domain trusts, modify the properties of existing domain trusts, or otherwise change the configuration of trust relationships between domains and tenants to evade defenses and/or elevate privileges.Trust details, such as whether or not user identities are federated, allow auth",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Identity Provider",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1213.006",
    "name": "Databases",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage databases to mine valuable information. These databases may be hosted on-premises or in the cloud (both in platform-as-a-service and software-as-a-service environments). \n\nExamples of databases from which information may be collected include MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Amazo",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1573.001",
    "name": "Symmetric Cryptography",
    "description": "Adversaries may employ a known symmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key for plaintext encryption and ciphertext decryption. Common symme",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1087.001",
    "name": "Local Account",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of local system accounts. This information can help adversaries determine which local accounts exist on a system to aid in follow-on behavior.\n\nCommands such as <code>net user</code> and <code>net localgroup</code> of the [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/softwa",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1167",
    "name": "Securityd Memory",
    "description": "In OS X prior to El Capitan, users with root access can read plaintext keychain passwords of logged-in users because Apple\u2019s keychain implementation allows these credentials to be cached so that users are not repeatedly prompted for passwords. (Citation: OS X Keychain) (Citation: External to DA, the",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1167"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1586.001",
    "name": "Social Media Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise social media accounts that can be used during targeting. For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. Rather than creating and cultivating social media profiles (i.e. [Social Media Accounts](https://attack.mitre.or",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1176.001",
    "name": "Browser Extensions",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse internet browser extensions to establish persistent access to victim systems. Browser extensions or plugins are small programs that can add functionality to and customize aspects of internet browsers. They can be installed directly via a local file or custom URL or through a br",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1176/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1527",
    "name": "Application Access Token",
    "description": "Adversaries may use application access tokens to bypass the typical authentication process and access restricted accounts, information, or services on remote systems. These tokens are typically stolen from users and used in lieu of login credentials.\n\nApplication access tokens are used to make autho",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS",
      "Office 365"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1527"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.009",
    "name": "Safe Mode Boot",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Windows safe mode to disable endpoint defenses. Safe mode starts up the Windows operating system with a limited set of drivers and services. Third-party security software such as endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools may not start after booting Windows in safe mode. There",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1180",
    "name": "Screensaver",
    "description": "Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension.(Citation: Wikipedia Screensaver) The Windows screensaver application scrnsave.scr is located in <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\</code>, and <code>C",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1180"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1542.005",
    "name": "TFTP Boot",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse netbooting to load an unauthorized network device operating system from a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server. TFTP boot (netbooting) is commonly used by network administrators to load configuration-controlled network device images from a centralized management server.",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1686.003",
    "name": "Windows Host Firewall",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify the Windows host firewall to bypass controls limiting network usage. This can include disabling the Windows host firewall entirely, suppressing specific profiles (domain, private, public), or adding, deleting, and modifying firewall rules to allow or restrict traffi",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1686/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1543.003",
    "name": "Windows Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or modify Windows services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When Windows boots up, it starts programs or applications called services that perform background system functions.(Citation: TechNet Services) Windows service configuration information",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1568.001",
    "name": "Fast Flux DNS",
    "description": "Adversaries may use Fast Flux DNS to hide a command and control channel behind an array of rapidly changing IP addresses linked to a single domain resolution. This technique uses a fully qualified domain name, with multiple IP addresses assigned to it which are swapped with high frequency, using a c",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1497.001",
    "name": "System Checks",
    "description": "Adversaries may employ various system checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, th",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1053.003",
    "name": "Cron",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the <code>cron</code> utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code.(Citation: 20 macOS Common Tools and Techniques) The <code>cron</code> utility is a time-based job scheduler for Unix-like operating systems.  The <code> crontab</code>",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1069.002",
    "name": "Domain Groups",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find domain-level groups and permission settings. The knowledge of domain-level permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated per",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1588.006",
    "name": "Vulnerabilities",
    "description": "Adversaries may acquire information about vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. A vulnerability is a weakness in computer hardware or software that can, potentially, be exploited by an adversary to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur. Adversaries may find vulnerability i",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1566.002",
    "name": "Spearphishing Link",
    "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious link in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing with a link is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of links to download malware contained in ema",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1165",
    "name": "Startup Items",
    "description": "Per Apple\u2019s documentation, startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the execution order for all startup items (Citation: Startup Items). This is technicall",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1165"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.002",
    "name": "Clear Linux or Mac System Logs",
    "description": "Adversaries may clear system logs to hide evidence of an intrusion. macOS and Linux both keep track of system or user-initiated actions via system logs. The majority of native system logging is stored under the <code>/var/log/</code> directory. Subfolders in this directory categorize logs by their r",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1499.004",
    "name": "Application or System Exploitation",
    "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities that can cause an application or system to crash and deny availability to users. (Citation: Sucuri BIND9 August 2015) Some systems may automatically restart critical applications and services when crashes occur, but they can likely be re-exploited to ",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1137",
    "name": "Office Application Startup",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage Microsoft Office-based applications for persistence between startups. Microsoft Office is a fairly common application suite on Windows-based operating systems within an enterprise network. There are multiple mechanisms that can be used with Office for persistence when an Off",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.004",
    "name": "InstallUtil",
    "description": "Adversaries may use InstallUtil to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. InstallUtil is a command-line utility that allows for installation and uninstallation of resources by executing specific installer components specified in .NET binaries. (Citation: MSDN InstallUtil) The Ins",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1598.003",
    "name": "Spearphishing Link",
    "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages with a malicious link to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for info",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1021.004",
    "name": "SSH",
    "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into remote machines using Secure Shell (SSH). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nSSH is a protocol that allows authorized users to open remote shells on other computers. Many Linux and",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1098.003",
    "name": "Additional Cloud Roles",
    "description": "An adversary may add additional roles or permissions to an adversary-controlled cloud account to maintain persistent access to a tenant. For example, adversaries may update IAM policies in cloud-based environments or add a new global administrator in Office 365 environments.(Citation: AWS IAM Polici",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.012",
    "name": "Print Processors",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse print processors to run malicious DLLs during system boot for persistence and/or privilege escalation. Print processors are DLLs that are loaded by the print spooler service, `spoolsv.exe`, during boot.(Citation: Microsoft Intro Print Processors)\n\nAdversaries may abuse the prin",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1089",
    "name": "Disabling Security Tools",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable security tools to avoid possible detection of their tools and activities. This can take the form of killing security software or event logging processes, deleting Registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, or other methods to interfere with security scanning or eve",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1089"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1487",
    "name": "Disk Structure Wipe",
    "description": "Adversaries may corrupt or wipe the disk data structures on hard drive necessary to boot systems; targeting specific critical systems as well as a large number of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. \n\nAdversaries may attempt to render the system unable to ",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1487"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1566.001",
    "name": "Spearphishing Attachment",
    "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing emails with a malicious attachment in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing attachment is a specific variant of spearphishing. Spearphishing attachment is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of malware attache",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1214",
    "name": "Credentials in Registry",
    "description": "The Windows Registry stores configuration information that can be used by the system or other programs. Adversaries may query the Registry looking for credentials and passwords that have been stored for use by other programs or services. Sometimes these credentials are used for automatic logons.\n\nEx",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1214"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.008",
    "name": "Stripped Payloads",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to make a payload difficult to analyze by removing symbols, strings, and other human readable information. Scripts and executables may contain variables names and other strings that help developers document code functionality. Symbols are often created by an operating system\u2019",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1559.001",
    "name": "Component Object Model",
    "description": "Adversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) for local code execution. COM is an inter-process communication (IPC) component of the native Windows application programming interface (API) that enables interaction between software objects, or executable code that implements one or more",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.001",
    "name": "DLL",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse dynamic-link library files (DLLs) in order to achieve persistence, escalate privileges, and evade defenses. DLLs are libraries that contain code and data that can be simultaneously utilized by multiple programs. While DLLs are not malicious by nature, they can be abused through",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1119",
    "name": "Automated Collection",
    "description": "Once established within a system or network, an adversary may use automated techniques for collecting internal data. Methods for performing this technique could include use of a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) to search for and copy information fitting ",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1119"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1689",
    "name": "Downgrade Attack",
    "description": "Adversaries may downgrade or use a version of system features that may be outdated, vulnerable, and/or does not support updated security controls. Downgrade attacks typically take advantage of a system\u2019s backward compatibility to force it into less secure modes of operation.\n\nAdversaries may downgra",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1689"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1115",
    "name": "Clipboard Data",
    "description": "Adversaries may collect data stored in the clipboard from users copying information within or between applications. \n\nFor example, on Windows adversaries can access clipboard data by using <code>clip.exe</code> or <code>Get-Clipboard</code>.(Citation: MSDN Clipboard)(Citation: clip_win_server)(Citat",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1115"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1003.007",
    "name": "Proc Filesystem",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather credentials from the proc filesystem or `/proc`. The proc filesystem is a pseudo-filesystem used as an interface to kernel data structures for Linux based systems managing virtual memory. For each process, the `/proc/<PID>/maps` file shows how memory is mapped within the proce",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1583.005",
    "name": "Botnet",
    "description": "Adversaries may buy, lease, or rent a network of compromised systems\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Adversaries may purchase a subscription to use an existing botnet from a ",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1555.005",
    "name": "Password Managers",
    "description": "Adversaries may acquire user credentials from third-party password managers.(Citation: ise Password Manager February 2019) Password managers are applications designed to store user credentials, normally in an encrypted database. Credentials are typically accessible after a user provides a master pas",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1103",
    "name": "AppInit DLLs",
    "description": "Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the AppInit_DLLs value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> or <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Wow6432Node\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Windows</code> are loaded by user3",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1103"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1553.001",
    "name": "Gatekeeper Bypass",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify file attributes and subvert Gatekeeper functionality to evade user prompts and execute untrusted programs. Gatekeeper is a set of technologies that act as layer of Apple\u2019s security model to ensure only trusted applications are executed on a host. Gatekeeper was built on top of",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1675",
    "name": "ESXi Administration Command",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse ESXi administration services to execute commands on guest machines hosted within an ESXi virtual environment. Persistent background services on ESXi-hosted VMs, such as the VMware Tools Daemon Service, allow for remote management from the ESXi server. The tools daemon service r",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1675"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1608.004",
    "name": "Drive-by Target",
    "description": "Adversaries may prepare an operational environment to infect systems that visit a website over the normal course of browsing. Endpoint systems may be compromised through browsing to adversary controlled sites, as in [Drive-by Compromise](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189). In such cases, the",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1007",
    "name": "System Service Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may try to gather information about registered local system services. Adversaries may obtain information about services using tools as well as OS utility commands such as <code>sc query</code>, <code>tasklist /svc</code>, <code>systemctl --type=service</code>, and <code>net start</code>.",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1040",
    "name": "Network Sniffing",
    "description": "Adversaries may passively sniff network traffic to capture information about an environment, including authentication material passed over the network. Network sniffing refers to using the network interface on a system to monitor or capture information sent over a wired or wireless connection. An ad",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access",
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1017",
    "name": "Application Deployment Software",
    "description": "Adversaries may deploy malicious software to systems within a network using application deployment systems employed by enterprise administrators. The permissions required for this action vary by system configuration; local credentials may be sufficient with direct access to the deployment server, or",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1017"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1553.002",
    "name": "Code Signing",
    "description": "Adversaries may create, acquire, or steal code signing materials to sign their malware or tools. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. (Citation: Wikipedia Code Signing) The certificates used during an",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1530",
    "name": "Data from Cloud Storage",
    "description": "Adversaries may access data from cloud storage.\n\nMany IaaS providers offer solutions for online data object storage such as Amazon S3, Azure Storage, and Google Cloud Storage. Similarly, SaaS enterprise platforms such as Office 365 and Google Workspace provide cloud-based document storage to users t",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1530"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1565.003",
    "name": "Runtime Data Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify systems in order to manipulate the data as it is accessed and displayed to an end user, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating runtime data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business pro",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1552.002",
    "name": "Credentials in Registry",
    "description": "Adversaries may search the Registry on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. The Windows Registry stores configuration information that can be used by the system or other programs. Adversaries may query the Registry looking for credentials and passwords that have been stored for use",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1135",
    "name": "Network Share Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may look for folders and drives shared on remote systems as a means of identifying sources of information to gather as a precursor for Collection and to identify potential systems of interest for Lateral Movement. Networks often contain shared network drives and folders that enable users",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1135"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1120",
    "name": "Peripheral Device Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to gather information about attached peripheral devices and components connected to a computer system.(Citation: Peripheral Discovery Linux)(Citation: Peripheral Discovery macOS) Peripheral devices could include auxiliary resources that support a variety of functionalities su",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1120"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.009",
    "name": "Break Process Trees",
    "description": "An adversary may attempt to evade process tree-based analysis by modifying executed malware's parent process ID (PPID). If endpoint protection software leverages the \u201cparent-child\" relationship for detection, breaking this relationship could result in the adversary\u2019s behavior not being associated wi",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1590.004",
    "name": "Network Topology",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network topology that can be used during targeting. Information about network topologies may include a variety of details, including the physical and/or logical arrangement of both external-facing and internal network environments. This informati",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1587.002",
    "name": "Code Signing Certificates",
    "description": "Adversaries may create self-signed code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of auth",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1222.001",
    "name": "Windows Permissions",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1137.006",
    "name": "Add-ins",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office add-ins to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Office add-ins can be used to add functionality to Office programs. (Citation: Microsoft Office Add-ins) There are different types of add-ins that can be used by the various Office products; including Word/",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1685.002",
    "name": "Disable or Modify Cloud Log",
    "description": "An adversary may disable or modify cloud logging capabilities and integrations to limit what data is collected on their activities and avoid detection. Cloud environments allow for collection and analysis of audit and application logs that provide insight into what activities a user does within the ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "SaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1685/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1505.002",
    "name": "Transport Agent",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft transport agents to establish persistent access to systems. Microsoft Exchange transport agents can operate on email messages passing through the transport pipeline to perform various tasks such as filtering spam, filtering malicious attachments, journaling, or adding",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1082",
    "name": "System Information Discovery",
    "description": "An adversary may attempt to get detailed information about the operating system and hardware, including version, patches, hotfixes, service packs, and architecture. Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1082"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1071",
    "name": "Application Layer Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server. \n\nAdversari",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "Network Devices",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.014",
    "name": "AppDomainManager",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking how the .NET `AppDomainManager` loads assemblies. The .NET framework uses the `AppDomainManager` class to create and manage one or more isolated runtime environments (called application domains) inside a process to host the execution ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/014"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1074.002",
    "name": "Remote Data Staging",
    "description": "Adversaries may stage data collected from multiple systems in a central location or directory on one system prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive ",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1098.006",
    "name": "Additional Container Cluster Roles",
    "description": "An adversary may add additional roles or permissions to an adversary-controlled user or service account to maintain persistent access to a container orchestration system. For example, an adversary with sufficient permissions may create a RoleBinding or a ClusterRoleBinding to bind a Role or ClusterR",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1053",
    "name": "Scheduled Task/Job",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality to facilitate initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Utilities exist within all major operating systems to schedule programs or scripts to be executed at a specified date and time. A task can also be scheduled on a remote system, provide",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.007",
    "name": "Msiexec",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse msiexec.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Msiexec.exe is the command-line utility for the Windows Installer and is thus commonly associated with executing installation packages (.msi).(Citation: Microsoft msiexec) The Msiexec.exe binary may also be digitally signed ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1162",
    "name": "Login Item",
    "description": "MacOS provides the option to list specific applications to run when a user logs in. These applications run under the logged in user's context, and will be started every time the user logs in. Login items installed using the Service Management Framework are not visible in the System Preferences and c",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1162"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1590.003",
    "name": "Network Trust Dependencies",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network trust dependencies that can be used during targeting. Information about network trusts may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contractors, etc.) that have co",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1498.002",
    "name": "Reflection Amplification",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to cause a denial of service (DoS) by reflecting a high-volume of network traffic to a target. This type of Network DoS takes advantage of a third-party server intermediary that hosts and will respond to a given spoofed source IP address. This third-party server is commonly t",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556.002",
    "name": "Password Filter DLL",
    "description": "Adversaries may register malicious password filter dynamic link libraries (DLLs) into the authentication process to acquire user credentials as they are validated. \n\nWindows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as DLL",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1505.005",
    "name": "Terminal Services DLL",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse components of Terminal Services to enable persistent access to systems. Microsoft Terminal Services, renamed to Remote Desktop Services in some Windows Server OSs as of 2022, enable remote terminal connections to hosts. Terminal Services allows servers to transmit a full, inter",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.002",
    "name": "AppleScript",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse AppleScript for execution. AppleScript is a macOS scripting language designed to control applications and parts of the OS via inter-application messages called AppleEvents.(Citation: Apple AppleScript) These AppleEvent messages can be sent independently or easily scripted with ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1176",
    "name": "Software Extensions",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse software extensions to establish persistent access to victim systems. Software extensions are modular components that enhance or customize the functionality of software applications, including web browsers, Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), and other platforms.(Citati",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1176"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1499.002",
    "name": "Service Exhaustion Flood",
    "description": "Adversaries may target the different network services provided by systems to conduct a denial of service (DoS). Adversaries often target the availability of DNS and web services, however others have been targeted as well.(Citation: Arbor AnnualDoSreport Jan 2018) Web server software can be attacked ",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1195.003",
    "name": "Compromise Hardware Supply Chain",
    "description": "Adversaries may manipulate hardware components in products prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. By modifying hardware or firmware in the supply chain, adversaries can insert a backdoor into consumer networks that may be difficult to detect and give the a",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1106",
    "name": "Native API",
    "description": "Adversaries may interact with the native OS application programming interface (API) to execute behaviors. Native APIs provide a controlled means of calling low-level OS services within the kernel, such as those involving hardware/devices, memory, and processes.(Citation: NT API Windows)(Citation: Li",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1558.005",
    "name": "Ccache Files",
    "description": "\nAdversaries may attempt to steal Kerberos tickets stored in credential cache files (or ccache). These files are used for short term storage of a user's active session credentials. The ccache file is created upon user authentication and allows for access to multiple services without the user having ",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.007",
    "name": "Clear Network Connection History and Configurations",
    "description": "Adversaries may clear or remove evidence of malicious network connections in order to clean up traces of their operations. Configuration settings as well as various artifacts that highlight connection history may be created on a system and/or in application logs from behaviors that require network c",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1558.004",
    "name": "AS-REP Roasting",
    "description": "Adversaries may reveal credentials of accounts that have disabled Kerberos preauthentication by [Password Cracking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/002) Kerberos messages.(Citation: Harmj0y Roasting AS-REPs Jan 2017) \n\nPreauthentication offers protection against offline [Password Cracking]",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1058",
    "name": "Service Registry Permissions Weakness",
    "description": "Windows stores local service configuration information in the Registry under <code>HKLM\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services</code>. The information stored under a service's Registry keys can be manipulated to modify a service's execution parameters through tools such as the service controller, sc.exe,",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1058"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1584.003",
    "name": "Virtual Private Server",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party Virtual Private Servers (VPSs) that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. Adversaries may compromise VPSs purchased by third-party entities. By compromising a VPS ",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.010",
    "name": "AutoHotKey & AutoIT",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute commands and perform malicious tasks using AutoIT and AutoHotKey automation scripts. AutoIT and AutoHotkey (AHK) are scripting languages that enable users to automate Windows tasks. These automation scripts can be used to perform a wide variety of actions, such as clicking on",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1600.001",
    "name": "Reduce Key Space",
    "description": "Adversaries may reduce the level of effort required to decrypt data transmitted over the network by reducing the cipher strength of encrypted communications.(Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nAdversaries can weaken the encryption software on a compromised network device by reducing the key si",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.003",
    "name": "Clear Command History",
    "description": "In addition to clearing system logs, an adversary may clear the command history of a compromised account to conceal the actions undertaken during an intrusion. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done.\n\nOn Linux ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1202",
    "name": "Indirect Command Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse utilities that allow for command execution to bypass security restrictions that limit the use of command-line interpreters. Various Windows utilities may be used to execute commands, possibly without invoking [cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106). For example, [Forfile",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1202"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1024",
    "name": "Custom Cryptographic Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may use a custom cryptographic protocol or algorithm to hide command and control traffic. A simple scheme, such as XOR-ing the plaintext with a fixed key, will produce a very weak ciphertext.\n\nCustom encryption schemes may vary in sophistication. Analysis and reverse engineering of malwa",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1024"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1536",
    "name": "Revert Cloud Instance",
    "description": "An adversary may revert changes made to a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence. In highly virtualized environments, such as cloud-based infrastructure, this may be accomplished by restoring virtual machine (",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1536"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1091",
    "name": "Replication Through Removable Media",
    "description": "Adversaries may move onto systems, possibly those on disconnected or air-gapped networks, by copying malware to removable media and taking advantage of Autorun features when the media is inserted into a system and executes. In the case of Lateral Movement, this may occur through modification of exec",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement",
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1091"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1005",
    "name": "Data from Local System",
    "description": "Adversaries may search local system sources, such as file systems, configuration files, local databases, virtual machine files, or process memory, to find files of interest and sensitive data prior to Exfiltration.\n\nAdversaries may do this using a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.m",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1140",
    "name": "Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information",
    "description": "Adversaries may use [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027) to hide artifacts of an intrusion from analysis. They may require separate mechanisms to decode or deobfuscate that information depending on how they intend to use it. Methods for doing that include buil",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1140"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1137.005",
    "name": "Outlook Rules",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook rules to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook rules allow a user to define automated behavior to manage email messages. A benign rule might, for example, automatically move an email to a particular folder in Outlook if it contains specific words",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562",
    "name": "Impair Defenses",
    "description": "Adversaries may maliciously modify components of a victim environment in order to hinder or disable defensive mechanisms. This not only involves impairing preventative defenses, such as firewalls and anti-virus, but also detection capabilities that defenders can use to audit activity and identify ma",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Containers",
      "Network Devices",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1586.003",
    "name": "Cloud Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise cloud accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use compromised cloud accounts to further their operations, including leveraging cloud storage services such as Dropbox, Microsoft OneDrive, or AWS S3 buckets for [Exfiltration to Cloud Storage](https://atta",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1586.002",
    "name": "Email Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use compromised email accounts to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.org/techn",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1098.007",
    "name": "Additional Local or Domain Groups",
    "description": "An adversary may add additional local or domain groups to an adversary-controlled account to maintain persistent access to a system or domain.\n\nOn Windows, accounts may use the `net localgroup` and `net group` commands to add existing users to local and domain groups.(Citation: Microsoft Net Localgr",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1608.001",
    "name": "Upload Malware",
    "description": "Adversaries may upload malware to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, and a variety of other malicious content. Adversaries may upload malware to support their ",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1195",
    "name": "Supply Chain Compromise",
    "description": "Adversaries may manipulate products or product delivery mechanisms prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise.\n\nSupply chain compromise can take place at any stage of the supply chain including:\n\n* Manipulation of development tools\n* Manipulation of a developme",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1190",
    "name": "Exploit Public-Facing Application",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exploit a weakness in an Internet-facing host or system to initially access a network. The weakness in the system can be a software bug, a temporary glitch, or a misconfiguration.\n\nExploited applications are often websites/web servers, but can also include databases (like ",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1190"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1558",
    "name": "Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to subvert Kerberos authentication by stealing or forging Kerberos tickets to enable [Pass the Ticket](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003). Kerberos is an authentication protocol widely used in modern Windows domain environments. In Kerberos environments, referred ",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1555",
    "name": "Credentials from Password Stores",
    "description": "Adversaries may search for common password storage locations to obtain user credentials.(Citation: F-Secure The Dukes) Passwords are stored in several places on a system, depending on the operating system or application holding the credentials. There are also specific applications and services that ",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1567",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over Web Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to exfiltrate data rather than their primary command and control channel. Popular Web services acting as an exfiltration mechanism may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are already com",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1219",
    "name": "Remote Access Tools",
    "description": "An adversary may use legitimate remote access tools to establish an interactive command and control channel within a network. Remote access tools create a session between two trusted hosts through a graphical interface, a command line interaction, a protocol tunnel via development or management soft",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1583.001",
    "name": "Domains",
    "description": "Adversaries may acquire domains that can be used during targeting. Domain names are the human readable names used to represent one or more IP addresses. They can be purchased or, in some cases, acquired for free.\n\nAdversaries may use acquired domains for a variety of purposes, including for [Phishin",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1560.002",
    "name": "Archive via Library",
    "description": "An adversary may compress or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration using 3rd party libraries. Many libraries exist that can archive data, including [Python](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006) rarfile (Citation: PyPI RAR), libzip (Citation: libzip), and zlib (Citation: Zlib",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.003",
    "name": "Thread Execution Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into hijacked processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Thread Execution Hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nThread Execution Hijacking is commonly ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1684",
    "name": "Social Engineering",
    "description": "Adversaries may use social engineering techniques to influence users to take actions that result in unauthorized access, approval of changes, disclosure of sensitive information, or execution of adversary-supplied instructions (i.e., introduction of malicious payloads or software), while minimizing ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1079",
    "name": "Multilayer Encryption",
    "description": "An adversary performs C2 communications using multiple layers of encryption, typically (but not exclusively) tunneling a custom encryption scheme within a protocol encryption scheme such as HTTPS or SMTPS.",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1079"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036",
    "name": "Masquerading",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools. Masquerading occurs when the name or location of an object, legitimate or malicious, is manipulated or abused for the sake of evading defenses and observation. T",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.011",
    "name": "Application Shimming",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by application shims. The Microsoft Windows Application Compatibility Infrastructure/Framework (Application Shim) was created to allow for backward compatibility of software as the operating syst",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1552",
    "name": "Unsecured Credentials",
    "description": "Adversaries may search compromised systems to find and obtain insecurely stored credentials. These credentials can be stored and/or misplaced in many locations on a system, including plaintext files (e.g. [Shell History](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003)), operating system or applicatio",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "SaaS",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Containers",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.010",
    "name": "Port Monitors",
    "description": "Adversaries may use port monitors to run an adversary supplied DLL during system boot for persistence or privilege escalation. A port monitor can be set through the <code>AddMonitor</code> API call to set a DLL to be loaded at startup.(Citation: AddMonitor) This DLL can be located in <code>C:\\Window",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.008",
    "name": "Clear Mailbox Data",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify mail and mail application data to remove evidence of their activity. Email applications allow users and other programs to export and delete mailbox data via command line tools or use of APIs. Mail application data can be emails, email metadata, or logs generated by the applica",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1037.002",
    "name": "Login Hook",
    "description": "Adversaries may use a Login Hook to establish persistence executed upon user logon. A login hook is a plist file that points to a specific script to execute with root privileges upon user logon. The plist file is located in the <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow.plist</code> file and c",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1659",
    "name": "Content Injection",
    "description": "Adversaries may gain access and continuously communicate with victims by injecting malicious content into systems through online network traffic. Rather than luring victims to malicious payloads hosted on a compromised website (i.e., [Drive-by Target](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/004) f",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access",
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1659"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055",
    "name": "Process Injection",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject code into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Running code in the context of another process may allow access to th",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1567.004",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over Webhook",
    "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a webhook endpoint rather than over their primary command and control channel. Webhooks are simple mechanisms for allowing a server to push data over HTTP/S to a client without the need for the client to continuously poll the server.(Citation: RedHat Webhooks) Many",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1139",
    "name": "Bash History",
    "description": "Bash keeps track of the commands users type on the command-line with the \"history\" utility. Once a user logs out, the history is flushed to the user\u2019s <code>.bash_history</code> file. For each user, this file resides at the same location: <code>~/.bash_history</code>. Typically, this file keeps trac",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1139"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1205",
    "name": "Traffic Signaling",
    "description": "Adversaries may use traffic signaling to hide open ports or other malicious functionality used for persistence or command and control. Traffic signaling involves the use of a magic value or sequence that must be sent to a system to trigger a special response, such as opening a closed port or executi",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1021.008",
    "name": "Direct Cloud VM Connections",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log directly into accessible cloud hosted compute infrastructure through cloud native methods. Many cloud providers offer interactive connections to virtual infrastructure that can be accessed through the [Cloud ",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1503",
    "name": "Credentials from Web Browsers",
    "description": "Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.  (Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) \n\nWeb browsers commonly save credentials such as website usernames and passwords so that they do not need to be entered manually in the future. Web browser",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1503"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218",
    "name": "System Binary Proxy Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may bypass process and/or signature-based defenses by proxying execution of malicious content with signed, or otherwise trusted, binaries. Binaries used in this technique are often Microsoft-signed files, indicating that they have been either downloaded from Microsoft or are already nati",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1153",
    "name": "Source",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nThe <code>source</code> command loads functions into the current shell or executes files in the current context. This built-in command can be run in two different ways <code>source /path/to/filename [arguments]</code> or <code>.**",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1153"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1038",
    "name": "DLL Search Order Hijacking",
    "description": "Windows systems use a common method to look for required DLLs to load into a program. (Citation: Microsoft DLL Search) Adversaries may take advantage of the Windows DLL search order and programs that ambiguously specify DLLs to gain privilege escalation and persistence. \n\nAdversaries may perform DLL",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation",
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1038"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1050",
    "name": "New Service",
    "description": "When operating systems boot up, they can start programs or applications called services that perform background system functions. (Citation: TechNet Services) A service's configuration information, including the file path to the service's executable, is stored in the Windows Registry. \n\nAdversaries ",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1050"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.006",
    "name": "Timestomp",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify file time attributes to hide new files or changes to existing files. Timestomping is a technique that modifies the timestamps of a file (the modify, access, create, and change times), often to mimic files that are in the same folder and blend malicious files with legitimate fi",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1557.004",
    "name": "Evil Twin",
    "description": "Adversaries may host seemingly genuine Wi-Fi access points to deceive users into connecting to malicious networks as a way of supporting follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040), [Transmitted Data Manipulation](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T156",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access",
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1620",
    "name": "Reflective Code Loading",
    "description": "Adversaries may reflectively load code into a process in order to conceal the execution of malicious payloads. Reflective loading involves allocating then executing payloads directly within the memory of the process, vice creating a thread or process backed by a file path on disk (e.g., [Shared Modu",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1620"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1016.002",
    "name": "Wi-Fi Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may search for information about Wi-Fi networks, such as network names and passwords, on compromised systems. Adversaries may use Wi-Fi information as part of [Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087), [Remote System Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T10",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1480.002",
    "name": "Mutual Exclusion",
    "description": "Adversaries may constrain execution or actions based on the presence of a mutex associated with malware. A mutex is a locking mechanism used to synchronize access to a resource. Only one thread or process can acquire a mutex at a given time.(Citation: Microsoft Mutexes)\n\nWhile local mutexes only exi",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.011",
    "name": "Ignore Process Interrupts",
    "description": "Adversaries may evade defensive mechanisms by executing commands that hide from process interrupt signals. Many operating systems use signals to deliver messages to control process behavior. Command interpreters often include specific commands/flags that ignore errors and other hangups, such as when",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1611",
    "name": "Escape to Host",
    "description": "Adversaries may break out of a container or virtualized environment to gain access to the underlying host. This can allow an adversary access to other containerized or virtualized resources from the host level or to the host itself. In principle, containerized / virtualized resources should provide ",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "Containers",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1611"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1518.002",
    "name": "Backup Software Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of backup software or configurations that are installed on a system. Adversaries may use this information to shape follow-on behaviors, such as [Data Destruction](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485), [Inhibit System Recovery](https://attack.mitre.org/t",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.009",
    "name": "Shortcut Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or modify shortcuts that can execute a program during system boot or user login. Shortcuts or symbolic links are used to reference other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process.\n\nAdversaries may abu",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1010",
    "name": "Application Window Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of open application windows. Window listings could convey information about how the system is used.(Citation: Prevailion DarkWatchman 2021) For example, information about application windows could be used identify potential data to collect as well as identify",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1569.003",
    "name": "Systemctl",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse systemctl to execute commands or programs. Systemctl is the primary interface for systemd, the Linux init system and service manager. Typically invoked from a shell, Systemctl can also be integrated into scripts or applications.   \n\nAdversaries may use systemctl to execute comm",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1032",
    "name": "Standard Cryptographic Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may explicitly employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if necessa",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1032"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1087.003",
    "name": "Email Account",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of email addresses and accounts. Adversaries may try to dump Exchange address lists such as global address lists (GALs).(Citation: Microsoft Exchange Address Lists)\n\nIn on-premises Exchange and Exchange Online, the <code>Get-GlobalAddressList</code> PowerShel",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1062",
    "name": "Hypervisor",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nA type-1 hypervisor is a software layer that sits between the guest operating systems and system's hardware. (Citation: Wikipedia Hypervisor) It presents a virtual running environment to an operating system. An example of a common",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1062"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1497.003",
    "name": "Time Based Checks",
    "description": "Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to detect virtualization and analysis environments, particularly those that attempt to manipulate time mechanisms to simulate longer elapses of time. This may include enumerating time-based properties, such as uptime or the system clock. \n\nAdversarie",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1182",
    "name": "AppCert DLLs",
    "description": "Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the AppCertDLLs Registry key under <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Session Manager</code> are loaded into every process that calls the ubiquitously used application programming interface (API) functions CreateProcess, Crea",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1182"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.003",
    "name": "CMSTP",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse CMSTP to proxy execution of malicious code. The Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) is a command-line program used to install Connection Manager service profiles. (Citation: Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009) CMSTP.exe accepts an installation informat",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1563.001",
    "name": "SSH Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user's SSH session to move laterally within an environment. Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certi",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.002",
    "name": "Disable Windows Event Logging",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable Windows event logging to limit data that can be leveraged for detections and audits. Windows event logs record user and system activity such as login attempts, process creation, and much more.(Citation: Windows Log Events) This data is used by security tools and analysts to g",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1029",
    "name": "Scheduled Transfer",
    "description": "Adversaries may schedule data exfiltration to be performed only at certain times of day or at certain intervals. This could be done to blend traffic patterns with normal activity or availability.\n\nWhen scheduled exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1029"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1021.002",
    "name": "SMB/Windows Admin Shares",
    "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with a remote network share using Server Message Block (SMB). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nSMB is a file, printer, and serial port sharing protocol for Windows machines on th",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1525",
    "name": "Implant Internal Image",
    "description": "Adversaries may implant cloud or container images with malicious code to establish persistence after gaining access to an environment. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1525"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1572",
    "name": "Protocol Tunneling",
    "description": "Adversaries may tunnel network communications to and from a victim system within a separate protocol to avoid detection/network filtering and/or enable access to otherwise unreachable systems. Tunneling involves explicitly encapsulating a protocol within another. This behavior may conceal malicious ",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.002",
    "name": "Control Panel",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse control.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. The Windows Control Panel process binary (control.exe) handles execution of Control Panel items, which are utilities that allow users to view and adjust computer settings.\n\nControl Panel items are registered executable (.exe",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1599.001",
    "name": "Network Address Translation Traversal",
    "description": "Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by modifying a network device\u2019s Network Address Translation (NAT) configuration. Malicious modifications to NAT may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.\n\nNetwork devices such as",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1608.002",
    "name": "Upload Tool",
    "description": "Adversaries may upload tools to third-party or adversary controlled infrastructure to make it accessible during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. Tools can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those pur",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.005",
    "name": "Security Support Provider",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse security support providers (SSPs) to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows SSP DLLs are loaded into the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, ",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.011",
    "name": "Overwrite Process Arguments",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify a process's in-memory arguments to change its name in order to appear as a legitimate or benign process. On Linux, the operating system stores command-line arguments in the process\u2019s stack and passes them to the `main()` function as the `argv` array. The first element, `argv[0",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1004",
    "name": "Winlogon Helper DLL",
    "description": "Winlogon.exe is a Windows component responsible for actions at logon/logoff as well as the secure attention sequence (SAS) triggered by Ctrl-Alt-Delete. Registry entries in <code>HKLM\\Software\\[Wow6432Node\\]Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\Winlogon\\</code> and <code>HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Window",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1009",
    "name": "Binary Padding",
    "description": "Adversaries can use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware without affecting the functionality or behavior of the binary. This will often increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitations.\n\nB",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1550",
    "name": "Use Alternate Authentication Material",
    "description": "Adversaries may use alternate authentication material, such as password hashes, Kerberos tickets, and application access tokens, in order to move laterally within an environment and bypass normal system access controls. \n\nAuthentication processes generally require a valid identity (e.g., username) a",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1076",
    "name": "Remote Desktop Protocol",
    "description": "Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS). (Citation: Tec",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1076"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1597.001",
    "name": "Threat Intel Vendors",
    "description": "Adversaries may search private data from threat intelligence vendors for information that can be used during targeting. Threat intelligence vendors may offer paid feeds or portals that offer more data than what is publicly reported. Although sensitive details (such as customer names and other identi",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1011",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a different network medium than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, the exfiltration may occur, for example, over a WiFi connection, modem, cellular data connection, Bluetooth, or another ",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1602.002",
    "name": "Network Device Configuration Dump",
    "description": "Adversaries may access network configuration files to collect sensitive data about the device and the network. The network configuration is a file containing parameters that determine the operation of the device. The device typically stores an in-memory copy of the configuration while operating, and",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1589",
    "name": "Gather Victim Identity Information",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's identity that can be used during targeting. Information about identities may include a variety of details, including personal data (ex: employee names, email addresses, security question responses, etc.) as well as sensitive details such as crede",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1131",
    "name": "Authentication Package",
    "description": "Windows Authentication Package DLLs are loaded by the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. They provide support for multiple logon processes and multiple security protocols to the operating system. (Citation: MSDN Authentication Packages)\n\nAdversaries can use the autostart mechani",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1131"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1181",
    "name": "Extra Window Memory Injection",
    "description": "Before creating a window, graphical Windows-based processes must prescribe to or register a windows class, which stipulate appearance and behavior (via windows procedures, which are functions that handle input/output of data). (Citation: Microsoft Window Classes) Registration of new windows classes ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1181"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.004",
    "name": "Disable or Modify System Firewall",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify system firewalls in order to bypass controls limiting network usage. Changes could be disabling the entire mechanism as well as adding, deleting, or modifying particular rules. This can be done numerous ways depending on the operating system, including via command-l",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1560",
    "name": "Archive Collected Data",
    "description": "An adversary may compress and/or encrypt data that is collected prior to exfiltration. Compressing the data can help to obfuscate the collected data and minimize the amount of data sent over the network.(Citation: DOJ GRU Indictment Jul 2018) Encryption can be used to hide information that is being ",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1152",
    "name": "Launchctl",
    "description": "Launchctl controls the macOS launchd process which handles things like launch agents and launch daemons, but can execute other commands or programs itself. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input. By loading or reloading launch",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1152"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1553.003",
    "name": "SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may tamper with SIP and trust provider components to mislead the operating system and application control tools when conducting signature validation checks. In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and int",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1483",
    "name": "Domain Generation Algorithms",
    "description": "Adversaries may make use of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to dynamically identify a destination for command and control traffic rather than relying on a list of static IP addresses or domains. This has the advantage of making it much harder for defenders block, track, or take over the command ",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1483"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1185",
    "name": "Browser Session Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may take advantage of security vulnerabilities and inherent functionality in browser software to change content, modify user-behaviors, and intercept information as part of various browser session hijacking techniques.(Citation: Wikipedia Man in the Browser)\n\nA specific example is when a",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1185"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1021",
    "name": "Remote Services",
    "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a service that accepts remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and VNC. The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nIn an enterprise environment, servers and workstations can be organized ",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1071.003",
    "name": "Mail Protocols",
    "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with electronic mail delivery to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic betwe",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556.007",
    "name": "Hybrid Identity",
    "description": "Adversaries may patch, modify, or otherwise backdoor cloud authentication processes that are tied to on-premises user identities in order to bypass typical authentication mechanisms, access credentials, and enable persistent access to accounts.  \n\nMany organizations maintain hybrid user and device i",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1595.002",
    "name": "Vulnerability Scanning",
    "description": "Adversaries may scan victims for vulnerabilities that can be used during targeting. Vulnerability scans typically check if the configuration of a target host/application (ex: software and version) potentially aligns with the target of a specific exploit the adversary may seek to use.\n\nThese scans ma",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.009",
    "name": "Cloud API",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse cloud APIs to execute malicious commands. APIs available in cloud environments provide various functionalities and are a feature-rich method for programmatic access to nearly all aspects of a tenant. These APIs may be utilized through various methods such as command line interp",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1596",
    "name": "Search Open Technical Databases",
    "description": "Adversaries may search freely available technical databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in online databases and repositories, such as registrations of domains/certificates as well as public collections of network data/ar",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.015",
    "name": "Electron Applications",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse components of the Electron framework to execute malicious code. The Electron framework hosts many common applications such as Signal, Slack, and Microsoft Teams.(Citation: Electron 2) Originally developed by GitHub, Electron is a cross-platform desktop application development f",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/015"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.012",
    "name": "Disable or Modify Linux Audit System",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify the Linux audit system to hide malicious activity and avoid detection. Linux admins use the Linux Audit system to track security-relevant information on a system. The Linux Audit system operates at the kernel-level and maintains event logs on application and system ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1207",
    "name": "Rogue Domain Controller",
    "description": "Adversaries may register a rogue Domain Controller to enable manipulation of Active Directory data. DCShadow may be used to create a rogue Domain Controller (DC). DCShadow is a method of manipulating Active Directory (AD) data, including objects and schemas, by registering (or reusing an inactive re",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1207"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1553.006",
    "name": "Code Signing Policy Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify code signing policies to enable execution of unsigned or self-signed code. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a program from a developer and a guarantee that the program has not been tampered with. Security controls can include enforcement mechanisms to ensure th",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1610",
    "name": "Deploy Container",
    "description": "Adversaries may deploy a container into an environment to facilitate execution or evade defenses. In some cases, adversaries may deploy a new container to execute processes associated with a particular image or deployment, such as processes that execute or download malware. In others, an adversary m",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1610"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1107",
    "name": "File Deletion",
    "description": "Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1107"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1145",
    "name": "Private Keys",
    "description": "Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures. (Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto)\n\nAdversaries may gather private keys from compromised systems for use in authenticating to [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techni",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1145"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1112",
    "name": "Modify Registry",
    "description": "Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry as part of a variety of other techniques to aid in defense evasion, persistence, and execution.\n\nAccess to specific areas of the Registry depends on account permissions, with some keys requiring administrator-level access. The built-in Windows comma",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1543.004",
    "name": "Launch Daemon",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or modify Launch Daemons to execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. Launch Daemons are plist files used to interact with Launchd, the service management framework used by macOS. Launch Daemons require elevated privileges to install, are executed for every user on a ",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1580",
    "name": "Cloud Infrastructure Discovery",
    "description": "An adversary may attempt to discover infrastructure and resources that are available within an infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) environment. This includes compute service resources such as instances, virtual machines, and snapshots as well as resources of other services including the storage and d",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1580"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1555.003",
    "name": "Credentials from Web Browsers",
    "description": "Adversaries may acquire credentials from web browsers by reading files specific to the target browser.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018) Web browsers commonly save credentials such as website usernames and passwords so that they do not need to be entered manually in the future. Web browsers ty",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.008",
    "name": "Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the search order used to load other programs. Because some programs do not call other programs using the full path, adversaries may place their own file in the directory where the calling program is located, causing the operating syst",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1491",
    "name": "Defacement",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify visual content available internally or externally to an enterprise network, thus affecting the integrity of the original content. Reasons for [Defacement](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491) include delivering messaging, intimidation, or claiming (possibly false) credit",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1535",
    "name": "Unused/Unsupported Cloud Regions",
    "description": "Adversaries may create cloud instances in unused geographic service regions in order to evade detection. Access is usually obtained through compromising accounts used to manage cloud infrastructure.\n\nCloud service providers often provide infrastructure throughout the world in order to improve perfor",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1535"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1557.003",
    "name": "DHCP Spoofing",
    "description": "Adversaries may redirect network traffic to adversary-owned systems by spoofing Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) traffic and acting as a malicious DHCP server on the victim network. By achieving the adversary-in-the-middle (AiTM) position, adversaries may collect network communications, in",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access",
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1155",
    "name": "AppleScript",
    "description": "macOS and OS X applications send AppleEvent messages to each other for interprocess communications (IPC). These messages can be easily scripted with AppleScript for local or remote IPC. Osascript executes AppleScript and any other Open Scripting Architecture (OSA) language scripts. A list of OSA lan",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1155"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1563",
    "name": "Remote Service Session Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may take control of preexisting sessions with remote services to move laterally in an environment. Users may use valid credentials to log into a service specifically designed to accept remote connections, such as telnet, SSH, and RDP. When a user logs into a service, a session will be es",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.013",
    "name": "Bind Mounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse bind mounts on file structures to hide their activity and artifacts from native utilities. A bind mount maps a directory or file from one location on the filesystem to another, similar to a shortcut on Windows. It\u2019s commonly used to provide access to specific files or directori",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.001",
    "name": "Binary Padding",
    "description": "Adversaries may use binary padding to add junk data and change the on-disk representation of malware. This can be done without affecting the functionality or behavior of a binary, but can increase the size of the binary beyond what some security tools are capable of handling due to file size limitat",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1505.003",
    "name": "Web Shell",
    "description": "Adversaries may backdoor web servers with web shells to establish persistent access to systems. A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to access the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to exec",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1484.001",
    "name": "Group Policy Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify Group Policy Objects (GPOs) to subvert the intended discretionary access controls for a domain, usually with the intention of escalating privileges on the domain. Group policy allows for centralized management of user and computer settings in Active Directory (AD). GPOs are co",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1685.006",
    "name": "Clear Linux or Mac System Logs",
    "description": "Adversaries may clear system logs to hide evidence of an intrusion. macOS and Linux both keep track of system or user-initiated actions via system logs. The majority of native system logging is stored under the `/var/log/` directory. Subfolders in this directory categorize logs by their related func",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1685/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1217",
    "name": "Browser Information Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may enumerate information about browsers to learn more about compromised environments. Data saved by browsers (such as bookmarks, accounts, and browsing history) may reveal a variety of personal information about users (e.g., banking sites, relationships/interests, social media, etc.) as",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1217"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1552.004",
    "name": "Private Keys",
    "description": "Adversaries may search for private key certificate files on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials. Private cryptographic keys and certificates are used for authentication, encryption/decryption, and digital signatures.(Citation: Wikipedia Public Key Crypto) Common key and certificate",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1583.004",
    "name": "Server",
    "description": "Adversaries may buy, lease, rent, or obtain physical servers\u00a0that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, such as watering hole operations in [Driv",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1021.006",
    "name": "Windows Remote Management",
    "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote systems using Windows Remote Management (WinRM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nWinRM is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to int",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1011.001",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over Bluetooth",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over Bluetooth rather than the command and control channel. If the command and control network is a wired Internet connection, an adversary may opt to exfiltrate data using a Bluetooth communication channel.\n\nAdversaries may choose to do this if they have s",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1011/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1078.001",
    "name": "Default Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a default account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Default accounts are those that are built-into an OS, such as the Guest or Administrator accounts on Windows systems. Default accounts also i",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation",
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.003",
    "name": "Time Providers",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse time providers to execute DLLs when the system boots. The Windows Time service (W32Time) enables time synchronization across and within domains.(Citation: Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018) W32Time time providers are responsible for retrieving time stamps from hardware/network resourc",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1183",
    "name": "Image File Execution Options Injection",
    "description": "Image File Execution Options (IFEO) enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application\u2019s IFEO will be prepended to the application\u2019s name, effectively launching the new process under the debugger (e.g., \u201cC:\\dbg\\ntsd.exe -g  note",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence",
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1183"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1085",
    "name": "Rundll32",
    "description": "The rundll32.exe program can be called to execute an arbitrary binary. Adversaries may take advantage of this functionality to proxy execution of code to avoid triggering security tools that may not monitor execution of the rundll32.exe process because of whitelists or false positives from Windows u",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1085"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1031",
    "name": "Modify Existing Service",
    "description": "Windows service configuration information, including the file path to the service's executable or recovery programs/commands, is stored in the Registry. Service configurations can be modified using utilities such as sc.exe and [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075).\n\nAdversaries can modify a",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1031"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.005",
    "name": "Trap",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by an interrupt signal. The <code>trap</code> command allows programs and shells to specify commands that will be executed upon receiving interrupt signals. A common situation is a script allowing for graceful termination",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.006",
    "name": "Dynamic Linker Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking environment variables the dynamic linker uses to load shared libraries. During the execution preparation phase of a program, the dynamic linker loads specified absolute paths of shared libraries from various environment variables and ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1136.001",
    "name": "Local Account",
    "description": "Adversaries may create a local account to maintain access to victim systems. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or service. \n\nFor example, with a sufficient level of access, the Windows <code>net",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1681",
    "name": "Search Threat Vendor Data",
    "description": "Threat actors may seek information/indicators from closed or open threat intelligence sources gathered about their own campaigns, as well as those conducted by other adversaries that may align with their target industries, capabilities/objectives, or other operational concerns. These reports may inc",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1681"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1674",
    "name": "Input Injection",
    "description": "Adversaries may simulate keystrokes on a victim\u2019s computer by various means to perform any type of action on behalf of the user, such as launching the command interpreter using keyboard shortcuts,  typing an inline script to be executed, or interacting directly with a GUI-based application.  These a",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1674"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1092",
    "name": "Communication Through Removable Media",
    "description": "Adversaries can perform command and control between compromised hosts on potentially disconnected networks using removable media to transfer commands from system to system.(Citation: ESET Sednit USBStealer 2014) Both systems would need to be compromised, with the likelihood that an Internet-connecte",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1092"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.001",
    "name": "Clear Windows Event Logs",
    "description": "Adversaries may clear Windows Event Logs to hide the activity of an intrusion. Windows Event Logs are a record of a computer's alerts and notifications. There are three system-defined sources of events: System, Application, and Security, with five event types: Error, Warning, Information, Success Au",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1585.002",
    "name": "Email Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may create email accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use accounts created with email providers to further their operations, such as leveraging them to conduct [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598) or [Phishing](https://attack.mitre.",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1557.001",
    "name": "Name Resolution Poisoning and SMB Relay",
    "description": "By responding to LLMNR/NBT-NS/mDNS network traffic, adversaries may spoof an authoritative source for name resolution to force communication with an adversary controlled system.(Citation: BlackCat ransomware) This activity may be used to collect or relay authentication materials. \n\nLink-Local Multic",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access",
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1222",
    "name": "File and Directory Permissions Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls1 June 2018)(Citation: Hybrid Analysis Icacls2 May 2018) File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1222"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1003.001",
    "name": "LSASS Memory",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access credential material stored in the process memory of the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS). After a user logs on, the system generates and stores a variety of credential materials in LSASS process memory. These credential materials can be harvested b",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1053.001",
    "name": "At (Linux)",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility to perform task scheduling for initial, recurring, or future execution of malicious code. The [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) command within Linux operating systems enables administrators to schedule tasks.",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1176.002",
    "name": "IDE Extensions",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse an integrated development environment (IDE) extension to establish persistent access to victim systems.(Citation: Mnemonic misuse visual studio) IDEs such as Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ IDEA, and Eclipse support extensions - software components that add features like code lint",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1176/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1179",
    "name": "Hooking",
    "description": "Windows processes often leverage application programming interface (API) functions to perform tasks that require reusable system resources. Windows API functions are typically stored in dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) as exported functions. \n\nHooking involves redirecting calls to these functions and c",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1179"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1595",
    "name": "Active Scanning",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute active reconnaissance scans to gather information that can be used during targeting. Active scans are those where the adversary probes victim infrastructure via network traffic, as opposed to other forms of reconnaissance that do not involve direct interaction.\n\nAdversaries m",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.016",
    "name": "Junk Code Insertion",
    "description": "Adversaries may use junk code / dead code to obfuscate a malware\u2019s functionality. Junk code is code that either does not execute, or if it does execute, does not change the functionality of the code. Junk code makes analysis more difficult and time-consuming, as the analyst steps through non-functio",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/016"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.011",
    "name": "Plist Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries can modify property list files (plist files) to execute their code as part of establishing persistence. Plist files are used by macOS applications to store properties and configuration settings for applications and services. Applications use information plist files, <code>Info.plist</cod",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1548",
    "name": "Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism",
    "description": "Adversaries may circumvent mechanisms designed to control privilege elevation to gain higher-level permissions. Most modern systems contain native elevation control mechanisms that are intended to limit privileges that a user can perform on a machine. Authorization has to be granted to specific user",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1134.002",
    "name": "Create Process with Token",
    "description": "Adversaries may create a new process with an existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. Processes can be created with the token and resulting security context of another user using features such as <code>CreateProcessWithTokenW</code> and <code>runas</code>.(Citation: Microsof",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1548.001",
    "name": "Setuid and Setgid",
    "description": "An adversary may abuse configurations where an application has the setuid or setgid bits set in order to get code running in a different (and possibly more privileged) user\u2019s context. On Linux or macOS, when the setuid or setgid bits are set for an application binary, the application will run with t",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.004",
    "name": "Winlogon Helper DLL",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse features of Winlogon to execute DLLs and/or executables when a user logs in. Winlogon.exe is a Windows component responsible for actions at logon/logoff as well as the secure attention sequence (SAS) triggered by Ctrl-Alt-Delete. Registry entries in <code>HKLM\\Software[\\\\Wow643",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1019",
    "name": "System Firmware",
    "description": "The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) and The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) are examples of system firmware that operate as the software interface between the operating system and hardware of a computer. (Citation: Wikipedia BIOS) (Citation: Wikip",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1019"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1021.003",
    "name": "Distributed Component Object Model",
    "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to interact with remote machines by taking advantage of Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nThe Windows Component Object Model (COM) is a component of",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1042",
    "name": "Change Default File Association",
    "description": "When a file is opened, the default program used to open the file (also called the file association or handler) is checked. File association selections are stored in the Windows Registry and can be edited by users, administrators, or programs that have Registry access (Citation: Microsoft Change Defa",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1042"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1117",
    "name": "Regsvr32",
    "description": "Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. Regsvr32.exe can be used to execute arbitrary binaries. (Citation: Microsoft Regsvr32)\n\nAdversaries may take advantage of this fu",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1117"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1110.003",
    "name": "Password Spraying",
    "description": "Adversaries may use a single or small list of commonly used passwords against many different accounts to attempt to acquire valid account credentials. Password spraying uses one password (e.g. 'Password01'), or a small list of commonly used passwords, that may match the complexity policy of the doma",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1090.002",
    "name": "External Proxy",
    "description": "Adversaries may use an external proxy to act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1056.003",
    "name": "Web Portal Capture",
    "description": "Adversaries may install code on externally facing portals, such as a VPN login page, to capture and transmit credentials of users who attempt to log into the service. For example, a compromised login page may log provided user credentials before logging the user in to the service.\n\nThis variation on",
    "tactics": [
      "collection",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1589.002",
    "name": "Email Addresses",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather email addresses that can be used during targeting. Even if internal instances exist, organizations may have public-facing email infrastructure and addresses for employees.\n\nAdversaries may easily gather email addresses, since they may be readily available and exposed via onlin",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1164",
    "name": "Re-opened Applications",
    "description": "Starting in Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion), users can specify certain applications to be re-opened when a user reboots their machine. While this is usually done via a Graphical User Interface (GUI) on an app-by-app basis, there are property list files (plist) that contain this information as well located at <",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1164"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1054",
    "name": "Indicator Blocking",
    "description": "An adversary may attempt to block indicators or events typically captured by sensors from being gathered and analyzed. This could include maliciously redirecting (Citation: Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017) or even disabling host-based sensors, such as Event Tracing for Windows (ETW),(Citation: Microsoft A",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1054"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1598.004",
    "name": "Spearphishing Voice",
    "description": "Adversaries may use voice communications to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for information frequently involv",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1683.001",
    "name": "Written Content",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or tailor written materials to support targeting and malicious operations. Content may include phishing lures, fraudulent financial communications, fabricated job postings, fabricated employment credentials and documentation, decoy documents, social media persona content, and ",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1683/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1108",
    "name": "Redundant Access",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), [Web Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/003), and [External Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1133) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may use more than one ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "SaaS",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1108"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1193",
    "name": "Spearphishing Attachment",
    "description": "Spearphishing attachment is a specific variant of spearphishing. Spearphishing attachment is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of malware attached to an email. All forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targeted at a specific indiv",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1193"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1003.005",
    "name": "Cached Domain Credentials",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access cached domain credentials used to allow authentication to occur in the event a domain controller is unavailable.(Citation: Microsoft - Cached Creds)\n\nOn Windows Vista and newer, the hash format is DCC2 (Domain Cached Credentials version 2) hash, also known as MS-Cac",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1098.004",
    "name": "SSH Authorized Keys",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify the SSH <code>authorized_keys</code> file to maintain persistence on a victim host. Linux distributions, macOS, and ESXi hypervisors commonly use key-based authentication to secure the authentication process of SSH sessions for remote management. The <code>authorized_keys</cod",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1673",
    "name": "Virtual Machine Discovery",
    "description": "An adversary may attempt to enumerate running virtual machines (VMs) after gaining access to a host or hypervisor. For example, adversaries may enumerate a list of VMs on an ESXi hypervisor using a [Hypervisor CLI](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/012) such as `esxcli` or `vim-cmd` (e.g. `e",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1673"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1215",
    "name": "Kernel Modules and Extensions",
    "description": "Loadable Kernel Modules (or LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel upon demand. They extend the functionality of the kernel without the need to reboot the system. For example, one type of module is the device driver, which allows the kernel to access hardware connec",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1215"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1101",
    "name": "Security Support Provider",
    "description": "Windows Security Support Provider (SSP) DLLs are loaded into the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. Once loaded into the LSA, SSP DLLs have access to encrypted and plaintext passwords that are stored in Windows, such as any logged-on user's Domain password or smart card PINs. Th",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1101"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1590.006",
    "name": "Network Security Appliances",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network security appliances that can be used during targeting. Information about network security appliances may include a variety of details, such as the existence and specifics of deployed firewalls, content filters, and proxies/bastion hosts. ",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.012",
    "name": "Image File Execution Options Injection",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by Image File Execution Options (IFEO) debuggers. IFEOs enable a developer to attach a debugger to an application. When a process is created, a debugger present in an application\u2019s IFEO will be p",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.008",
    "name": "Odbcconf",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse odbcconf.exe to proxy execution of malicious payloads. Odbcconf.exe is a Windows utility that allows you to configure Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) drivers and data source names.(Citation: Microsoft odbcconf.exe) The Odbcconf.exe binary may be digitally signed by Microsoft.",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1593.002",
    "name": "Search Engines",
    "description": "Adversaries may use search engines to collect information about victims that can be used during targeting. Search engine services typical crawl online sites to index context and may provide users with specialized syntax to search for specific keywords or specific types of content (i.e. filetypes).(C",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1177",
    "name": "LSASS Driver",
    "description": "The Windows security subsystem is a set of components that manage and enforce the security policy for a computer or domain. The Local Security Authority (LSA) is the main component responsible for local security policy and user authentication. The LSA includes multiple dynamic link libraries (DLLs) ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1177"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1591.002",
    "name": "Business Relationships",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's business relationships that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization\u2019s business relationships may include a variety of details, including second or third-party organizations/domains (ex: managed service providers, contracto",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1548.005",
    "name": "Temporary Elevated Cloud Access",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse permission configurations that allow them to gain temporarily elevated access to cloud resources. Many cloud environments allow administrators to grant user or service accounts permission to request just-in-time access to roles, impersonate other accounts, pass roles onto resou",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1125",
    "name": "Video Capture",
    "description": "An adversary can leverage a computer's peripheral devices (e.g., integrated cameras or webcams) or applications (e.g., video call services) to capture video recordings for the purpose of gathering information. Images may also be captured from devices or applications, potentially in specified interva",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1125"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1144",
    "name": "Gatekeeper Bypass",
    "description": "In macOS and OS X, when applications or programs are downloaded from the internet, there is a special attribute set on the file called <code>com.apple.quarantine</code>. This attribute is read by Apple's Gatekeeper defense program at execution time and provides a prompt to the user to allow or deny ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1144"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1045",
    "name": "Software Packing",
    "description": "Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techniques decompress the executable code in memory.\n\nUtilities used to perform software packing are called p",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1045"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.013",
    "name": "Process Doppelg\u00e4nging",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via process doppelg\u00e4nging in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process doppelg\u00e4nging is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nWindows Transactional NTFS (T",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1016",
    "name": "System Network Configuration Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may look for details about the network configuration and settings, such as IP and/or MAC addresses, of systems they access or through information discovery of remote systems. Several operating system administration utilities exist that can be used to gather this information. Examples inc",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1016"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1578.003",
    "name": "Delete Cloud Instance",
    "description": "An adversary may delete a cloud instance after they have performed malicious activities in an attempt to evade detection and remove evidence of their presence.  Deleting an instance or virtual machine can remove valuable forensic artifacts and other evidence of suspicious behavior if the instance is",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1593.003",
    "name": "Code Repositories",
    "description": "Adversaries may search public code repositories for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Victims may store code in repositories on various third-party websites such as GitHub, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically interact with code repositories through a web ap",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.005",
    "name": "Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by an installer. These processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.008",
    "name": "Accessibility Features",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by accessibility features. Windows contains accessibility features that may be launched with a key combination before a user has logged in (ex: when the user is on the Windows logon screen). An a",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1496.002",
    "name": "Bandwidth Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage the network bandwidth resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. \n\nAdversaries may also use malware that leverages a system's network bandwidth as part of a botnet in order to facilitate [Ne",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "IaaS",
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1504",
    "name": "PowerShell Profile",
    "description": "Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges in certain situations by abusing [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086) profiles. A PowerShell profile  (<code>profile.ps1</code>) is a script that runs when PowerShell starts and can be used as a logon script to customize user",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1504"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1198",
    "name": "SIP and Trust Provider Hijacking",
    "description": "In user mode, Windows Authenticode (Citation: Microsoft Authenticode) digital signatures are used to verify a file's origin and integrity, variables that may be used to establish trust in signed code (ex: a driver with a valid Microsoft signature may be handled as safe). The signature validation pro",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1198"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1087",
    "name": "Account Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of valid accounts, usernames, or email addresses on a system or within a compromised environment. This information can help adversaries determine which accounts exist, which can aid in follow-on behavior such as brute-forcing, spear-phishing attacks, or accou",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1090",
    "name": "Proxy",
    "description": "Adversaries may use a connection proxy to direct network traffic between systems or act as an intermediary for network communications to a command and control server to avoid direct connections to their infrastructure. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirect",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059",
    "name": "Command and Scripting Interpreter",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse command and script interpreters to execute commands, scripts, or binaries. These interfaces and languages provide ways of interacting with computer systems and are a common feature across many different platforms. Most systems come with some built-in command-line interface and ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1204.005",
    "name": "Malicious Library",
    "description": "Adversaries may rely on a user installing a malicious library to facilitate execution. Threat actors may [Upload Malware](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/001) to package managers such as NPM and PyPi, as well as to public code repositories such as GitHub. User may install libraries without",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.006",
    "name": "Indicator Blocking",
    "description": "An adversary may attempt to block indicators or events typically captured by sensors from being gathered and analyzed. This could include maliciously redirecting(Citation: Microsoft Lamin Sept 2017) or even disabling host-based sensors, such as Event Tracing for Windows (ETW)(Citation: Microsoft Abo",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1685.005",
    "name": "Clear Windows Event Logs",
    "description": "Adversaries may clear Windows Event Logs to hide the activity of an intrusion. Windows Event Logs are a record of a computer's alerts and notifications. There are three system-defined sources of events: System, Application, and Security, with five event types: Error, Warning, Information, Success Au",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1685/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1136.002",
    "name": "Domain Account",
    "description": "Adversaries may create a domain account to maintain access to victim systems. Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are configured across systems and services that are part of that domain. Domain accounts can cover user, administrator, and",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.014",
    "name": "Extended Attributes",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse extended attributes (xattrs) on macOS and Linux to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Extended attributes are key-value pairs of file and directory metadata used by both macOS and Linux. They are not visible through standard tools like `Finder`,  `ls`, or `c",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/014"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1589.003",
    "name": "Employee Names",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather employee names that can be used during targeting. Employee names be used to derive email addresses as well as to help guide other reconnaissance efforts and/or craft more-believable lures.\n\nAdversaries may easily gather employee names, since they may be readily available and e",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1677",
    "name": "Poisoned Pipeline Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may manipulate continuous integration / continuous development (CI/CD) processes by injecting malicious code into the build process. There are several mechanisms for poisoning pipelines: \n\n* In a <b>Direct Pipeline Execution</b> scenario, the threat actor directly modifies the CI configu",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1677"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1482",
    "name": "Domain Trust Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to gather information on domain trust relationships that may be used to identify lateral movement opportunities in Windows multi-domain/forest environments. Domain trusts provide a mechanism for a domain to allow access to resources based on the authentication procedures of a",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1482"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1558.001",
    "name": "Golden Ticket",
    "description": "Adversaries who have the KRBTGT account password hash may forge Kerberos ticket-granting tickets (TGT), also known as a golden ticket.(Citation: AdSecurity Kerberos GT Aug 2015) Golden tickets enable adversaries to generate authentication material for any account in Active Directory.(Citation: CERT-",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1175",
    "name": "Component Object Model and Distributed COM",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Distributed Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/003) and [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001).**\n\nAdversaries may use the Windows Component Object Model (COM) and Distributed Component ",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1175"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1020",
    "name": "Automated Exfiltration",
    "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data, such as sensitive documents, through the use of automated processing after being gathered during Collection.(Citation: ESET Gamaredon June 2020) \n\nWhen automated exfiltration is used, other exfiltration techniques likely apply as well to transfer the information out ",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1592.004",
    "name": "Client Configurations",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's client configurations that can be used during targeting. Information about client configurations may include a variety of details and settings, including operating system/version, virtualization, architecture (ex: 32 or 64 bit), language, and/or ",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.007",
    "name": "Disable or Modify Cloud Firewall",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify a firewall within a cloud environment to bypass controls that limit access to cloud resources. Cloud firewalls are separate from system firewalls that are described in [Disable or Modify System Firewall](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/004). \n\nCloud enviro",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1219.001",
    "name": "IDE Tunneling",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Integrated Development Environment (IDE) software with remote development features to establish an interactive command and control channel on target systems within a network. IDE tunneling combines SSH, port forwarding, file sharing, and debugging into a single secure connectio",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.002",
    "name": "Right-to-Left Override",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the right-to-left override (RTLO or RLO) character (U+202E) to disguise a string and/or file name to make it appear benign. RTLO is a non-printing Unicode character that causes the text that follows it to be displayed in reverse. For example, a Windows screensaver executable na",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1588.001",
    "name": "Malware",
    "description": "Adversaries may buy, steal, or download malware that can be used during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, packers, and C2 protocols. Adversaries may acquire malware to support their operations, obtaining a means for maintaining control of",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.017",
    "name": "SVG Smuggling",
    "description": "Adversaries may smuggle data and files past content filters by hiding malicious payloads inside of seemingly benign SVG files.(Citation: Trustwave SVG Smuggling 2025) SVGs, or Scalable Vector Graphics, are vector-based image files constructed using XML. As such, they can legitimately include `<scrip",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/017"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1542.002",
    "name": "Component Firmware",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems. Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be s",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070",
    "name": "Indicator Removal",
    "description": "Adversaries may selectively delete or modify artifacts generated to reduce indications of their presence and blend in with legitimate activity. Rather than broadly removing evidence, adversaries may target specific artifacts that appear anomalous or are likely to draw scrutiny, while leaving suffici",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1048.001",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a symmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. \n\nSymmetric encryption algorithms are those ",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1137.001",
    "name": "Office Template Macros",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Office templates to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Microsoft Office contains templates that are part of common Office applications and are used to customize styles. The base templates within the application are used each time an application starts. (Citat",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1583.003",
    "name": "Virtual Private Server",
    "description": "Adversaries may rent Virtual Private Servers (VPSs)\u00a0that can be used during targeting. There exist a variety of cloud service providers that will sell virtual machines/containers as a service. By utilizing a VPS, adversaries can make it difficult to physically tie back operations to them. The use of",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1213.001",
    "name": "Confluence",
    "description": "\nAdversaries may leverage Confluence repositories to mine valuable information. Often found in development environments alongside Atlassian JIRA, Confluence is generally used to store development-related documentation, however, in general may contain more diverse categories of useful information, su",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1550.003",
    "name": "Pass the Ticket",
    "description": "Adversaries may \u201cpass the ticket\u201d using stolen Kerberos tickets to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentica",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1609",
    "name": "Container Administration Command",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse a container administration service to execute commands within a container. A container administration service such as the Docker daemon, the Kubernetes API server, or the kubelet may allow remote management of containers within an environment.(Citation: Docker Daemon CLI)(Citat",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1609"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1083",
    "name": "File and Directory Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may enumerate files and directories or may search in specific locations of a host or network share for certain information within a file system. Adversaries may use the information from [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083) during automated discovery t",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1083"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1568",
    "name": "Dynamic Resolution",
    "description": "Adversaries may dynamically establish connections to command and control infrastructure to evade common detections and remediations. This may be achieved by using malware that shares a common algorithm with the infrastructure the adversary uses to receive the malware's communications. These calculat",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.004",
    "name": "Masquerade Task or Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to manipulate the name of a task or service to make it appear legitimate or benign. Tasks/services executed by the Task Scheduler or systemd will typically be given a name and/or description.(Citation: TechNet Schtasks)(Citation: Systemd Service Units) Windows services will h",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.004",
    "name": "Asynchronous Procedure Call",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the asynchronous procedure call (APC) queue in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. APC injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nAPC injection",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1020.001",
    "name": "Traffic Duplication",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage traffic mirroring in order to automate data exfiltration over compromised infrastructure. Traffic mirroring is a native feature for some devices, often used for network analysis. For example, devices may be configured to forward network traffic to one or more destinations fo",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices",
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1138",
    "name": "Application Shimming",
    "description": "The Microsoft Windows Application Compatibility Infrastructure/Framework (Application Shim) was created to allow for backward compatibility of software as the operating system codebase changes over time. For example, the application shimming feature allows developers to apply fixes to applications (",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1138"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1647",
    "name": "Plist File Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify property list files (plist files) to enable other malicious activity, while also potentially evading and bypassing system defenses. macOS applications use plist files, such as the <code>info.plist</code> file, to store properties and configuration settings that inform the oper",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1647"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1127.003",
    "name": "JamPlus",
    "description": "Adversaries may use `JamPlus` to proxy the execution of a malicious script. `JamPlus` is a build utility tool for code and data build systems. It works with several popular compilers and can be used for generating workspaces in code editors such as Visual Studio.(Citation: JamPlus manual)\n\nAdversari",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.009",
    "name": "AppCert DLLs",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppCert DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppCertDLLs</code> Registry key under <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Contro",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1191",
    "name": "CMSTP",
    "description": "The Microsoft Connection Manager Profile Installer (CMSTP.exe) is a command-line program used to install Connection Manager service profiles. (Citation: Microsoft Connection Manager Oct 2009) CMSTP.exe accepts an installation information file (INF) as a parameter and installs a service profile lever",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1191"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1188",
    "name": "Multi-hop Proxy",
    "description": "To disguise the source of malicious traffic, adversaries may chain together multiple proxies. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1188"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1114.003",
    "name": "Email Forwarding Rule",
    "description": "Adversaries may setup email forwarding rules to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may abuse email forwarding rules to monitor the activities of a victim, steal information, and further gain intelligence on the victim or the victim\u2019s organization to use as part of further exploits or operati",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1074",
    "name": "Data Staged",
    "description": "Adversaries may stage collected data in a central location or directory prior to Exfiltration. Data may be kept in separate files or combined into one file through techniques such as [Archive Collected Data](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1560). Interactive command shells may be used, and comm",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1074"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1649",
    "name": "Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates",
    "description": "Adversaries may steal or forge certificates used for authentication to access remote systems or resources. Digital certificates are often used to sign and encrypt messages and/or files. Certificates are also used as authentication material. For example, Entra ID device certificates and Active Direct",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1649"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1098.005",
    "name": "Device Registration",
    "description": "Adversaries may register a device to an adversary-controlled account. Devices may be registered in a multifactor authentication (MFA) system, which handles authentication to the network, or in a device management system, which handles device access and compliance.\n\nMFA systems, such as Duo or Okta, ",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1049",
    "name": "System Network Connections Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of network connections to or from the compromised system they are currently accessing or from remote systems by querying for information over the network. \n\nAn adversary who gains access to a system that is part of a cloud-based environment may map out Virtua",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1049"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1584",
    "name": "Compromise Infrastructure",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party infrastructure that can be used during targeting. Infrastructure solutions include physical or cloud servers, domains, network devices, and third-party web and DNS services. Instead of buying, leasing, or renting infrastructure an adversary may compromise infra",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1553.005",
    "name": "Mark-of-the-Web Bypass",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse specific file formats to subvert Mark-of-the-Web (MOTW) controls. In Windows, when files are downloaded from the Internet, they are tagged with a hidden NTFS Alternate Data Stream (ADS) named <code>Zone.Identifier</code> with a specific value known as the MOTW.(Citation: Micros",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1600.002",
    "name": "Disable Crypto Hardware",
    "description": "Adversaries disable a network device\u2019s dedicated hardware encryption, which may enable them to leverage weaknesses in software encryption in order to reduce the effort involved in collecting, manipulating, and exfiltrating transmitted data.\n\nMany network devices such as routers, switches, and firewa",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1600/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1542",
    "name": "Pre-OS Boot",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Pre-OS Boot mechanisms as a way to establish persistence on a system. During the booting process of a computer, firmware and various startup services are loaded before the operating system. These programs control flow of execution before the operating system takes control.(Cita",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1064",
    "name": "Scripting",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may use scripts to aid in operations and perform multiple actions that would otherwise be manual. Scripting is useful for speeding up oper",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1064"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1612",
    "name": "Build Image on Host",
    "description": "Adversaries may build a container image directly on a host to bypass defenses that monitor for the retrieval of malicious images from a public registry. A remote <code>build</code> request may be sent to the Docker API that includes a Dockerfile that pulls a vanilla base image, such as alpine, from ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1612"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1051",
    "name": "Shared Webroot",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nAdversaries may add malicious content to an internally accessible website through an open network file share that contains the website's webroot or Web content directory (Citation: Microsoft Web Root OCT 2016) (Citation: Apache Se",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1051"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.002",
    "name": "Portable Executable Injection",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject portable executables (PE) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. PE injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nPE injection is commonly performed by copying code ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.012",
    "name": "Verclsid",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse verclsid.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Verclsid.exe is known as the Extension CLSID Verification Host and is responsible for verifying each shell extension before they are used by Windows Explorer or the Windows Shell.(Citation: WinOSBite verclsid.exe)\n\nAdversaries ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1586",
    "name": "Compromise Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise accounts with services that can be used during targeting. For operations incorporating social engineering, the utilization of an online persona may be important. Rather than creating and cultivating accounts (i.e. [Establish Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1586"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1569.001",
    "name": "Launchctl",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse launchctl to execute commands or programs. Launchctl interfaces with launchd, the service management framework for macOS. Launchctl supports taking subcommands on the command-line, interactively, or even redirected from standard input.(Citation: Launchctl Man)\n\nAdversaries use ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1584.005",
    "name": "Botnet",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise numerous third-party systems to form a botnet\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A botnet is a network of compromised systems that can be instructed to perform coordinated tasks.(Citation: Norton Botnet) Instead of purchasing/renting a botnet from a booter/stresser service",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.008",
    "name": "Network Device CLI",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse scripting or built-in command line interpreters (CLI) on network devices to execute malicious command and payloads. The CLI is the primary means through which users and administrators interact with the device in order to view system information, modify device operations, or per",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1552.003",
    "name": "Shell History",
    "description": "Adversaries may search the command history on compromised systems for insecurely stored credentials.\n\nOn Linux and macOS systems, shells such as Bash and Zsh keep track of the commands users type on the command-line with the \"history\" utility. Once a user logs out, the history is flushed to the user",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.010",
    "name": "Downgrade Attack",
    "description": "Adversaries may downgrade or use a version of system features that may be outdated, vulnerable, and/or does not support updated security controls. Downgrade attacks typically take advantage of a system\u2019s backward compatibility to force it into less secure modes of operation. \n\nAdversaries may downgr",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1559.003",
    "name": "XPC Services",
    "description": "Adversaries can provide malicious content to an XPC service daemon for local code execution. macOS uses XPC services for basic inter-process communication between various processes, such as between the XPC Service daemon and third-party application privileged helper tools. Applications can send mess",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1497",
    "name": "Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion",
    "description": "Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may a",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1102",
    "name": "Web Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for relaying data to/from a compromised system. Popular websites, cloud services, and social media acting as a mechanism for C2 may give a significant amount of cover due to the likelihood that hosts within a network are alr",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1552.001",
    "name": "Credentials In Files",
    "description": "Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing insecurely stored credentials. These can be files created by users to store their own credentials, shared credential stores for a group of individuals, configuration files containing passwords for a system or servi",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1568.003",
    "name": "DNS Calculation",
    "description": "Adversaries may perform calculations on addresses returned in DNS results to determine which port and IP address to use for command and control, rather than relying on a predetermined port number or the actual returned IP address. A IP and/or port number calculation can be used to bypass egress filt",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1568/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.005",
    "name": "Mshta",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse mshta.exe to proxy execution of malicious .hta files and Javascript or VBScript through a trusted Windows utility. There are several examples of different types of threats leveraging mshta.exe during initial compromise and for execution of code (Citation: Cylance Dust Storm) (C",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.015",
    "name": "Login Items",
    "description": "Adversaries may add login items to execute upon user login to gain persistence or escalate privileges. Login items are applications, documents, folders, or server connections that are automatically launched when a user logs in.(Citation: Open Login Items Apple) Login items can be added via a shared ",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/015"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1608",
    "name": "Stage Capabilities",
    "description": "Adversaries may upload, install, or otherwise set up capabilities that can be used during targeting. To support their operations, an adversary may need to take capabilities they developed ([Develop Capabilities](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587)) or obtained ([Obtain Capabilities](https://a",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1608.005",
    "name": "Link Target",
    "description": "Adversaries may put in place resources that are referenced by a link that can be used during targeting. An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to divulge information (including credentials) or to gain execution, as in [Malicious Link](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1104",
    "name": "Multi-Stage Channels",
    "description": "Adversaries may create multiple stages for command and control that are employed under different conditions or for certain functions. Use of multiple stages may obfuscate the command and control channel to make detection more difficult.\n\nRemote access tools will call back to the first-stage command ",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1104"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1657",
    "name": "Financial Theft",
    "description": "Adversaries may steal monetary resources from targets through extortion, social engineering, technical theft, or other methods aimed at their own financial gain at the expense of the availability of these resources for victims. Financial theft is the ultimate objective of several popular campaign ty",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1657"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1480",
    "name": "Execution Guardrails",
    "description": "Adversaries may use execution guardrails to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied and environment specific conditions that are expected to be present on the target. Guardrails ensure that a payload only executes against an intended target and reduces collateral damage from an ad",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1619",
    "name": "Cloud Storage Object Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may enumerate objects in cloud storage infrastructure. Adversaries may use this information during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including requesting all or specific objects from cloud storage.  Similar to [File and Directory Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techni",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1619"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1606.001",
    "name": "Web Cookies",
    "description": "Adversaries may forge web cookies that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies to authenticate and authorize user access.\n\nAdversaries may generate these coo",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "SaaS",
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1654",
    "name": "Log Enumeration",
    "description": "Adversaries may enumerate system and service logs to find useful data. These logs may highlight various types of valuable insights for an adversary, such as user authentication records ([Account Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087)), security or vulnerable software ([Software Discov",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1654"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1134.001",
    "name": "Token Impersonation/Theft",
    "description": "Adversaries may duplicate then impersonate another user's existing token to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. For example, an adversary can duplicate an existing token using `DuplicateToken` or `DuplicateTokenEx`.(Citation: DuplicateToken function) The token can then be used with `Impe",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1567.001",
    "name": "Exfiltration to Code Repository",
    "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a code repository rather than over their primary command and control channel. Code repositories are often accessible via an API (ex: https://api.github.com). Access to these APIs are often over HTTPS, which gives the adversary an additional level of protection.\n\nEx",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1021.007",
    "name": "Cloud Services",
    "description": "Adversaries may log into accessible cloud services within a compromised environment using [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) that are synchronized with or federated to on-premises user identities. The adversary may then perform management actions or access cloud-hosted resou",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1205.001",
    "name": "Port Knocking",
    "description": "Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based f",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1205/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.012",
    "name": "LNK Icon Smuggling",
    "description": "Adversaries may smuggle commands to download malicious payloads past content filters by hiding them within otherwise seemingly benign windows shortcut files. Windows shortcut files (.LNK) include many metadata fields, including an icon location field (also known as the `IconEnvironmentDataBlock`) de",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1583.006",
    "name": "Web Services",
    "description": "Adversaries may register for web services\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for adversaries to register for a web-based service that can be abused during later stages of the adversary lifecycle, such as during Command and Control ([Web Service](https://attack.mit",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1583/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1528",
    "name": "Steal Application Access Token",
    "description": "Adversaries can steal application access tokens as a means of acquiring credentials to access remote systems and resources.\n\nApplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on behalf of a user or service and are commonly used as a way to access resources in cloud and container-bas",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1528"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1598.002",
    "name": "Spearphishing Attachment",
    "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages with a malicious attachment to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing fo",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1098.001",
    "name": "Additional Cloud Credentials",
    "description": "Adversaries may add adversary-controlled credentials to a cloud account to maintain persistent access to victim accounts and instances within the environment.\n\nFor example, adversaries may add credentials for Service Principals and Applications in addition to existing legitimate credentials in Azure",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1204",
    "name": "User Execution",
    "description": "An adversary may rely upon specific actions by a user in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to execute malicious code by, for example, opening a malicious document file or link. These user actions will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from fo",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "IaaS",
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1491.001",
    "name": "Internal Defacement",
    "description": "An adversary may deface systems internal to an organization in an attempt to intimidate or mislead users, thus discrediting the integrity of the systems. This may take the form of modifications to internal websites or server login messages, or directly to user systems with the replacement of the des",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1491/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.002",
    "name": "Hidden Users",
    "description": "Adversaries may use hidden users to hide the presence of user accounts they create or modify. Administrators may want to hide users when there are many user accounts on a given system or if they want to hide their administrative or other management accounts from other users. \n\nIn macOS, adversaries ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1134.003",
    "name": "Make and Impersonate Token",
    "description": "Adversaries may make new tokens and impersonate users to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. For example, if an adversary has a username and password but the user is not logged onto the system the adversary can then create a logon session for the user using the `LogonUser` function.(Cita",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1552.006",
    "name": "Group Policy Preferences",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find unsecured credentials in Group Policy Preferences (GPP). GPP are tools that allow administrators to create domain policies with embedded credentials. These policies allow administrators to set local accounts.(Citation: Microsoft GPP 2016)\n\nThese group policies are sto",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1196",
    "name": "Control Panel Items",
    "description": "Windows Control Panel items are utilities that allow users to view and adjust computer settings. Control Panel items are registered executable (.exe) or Control Panel (.cpl) files, the latter are actually renamed dynamic-link library (.dll) files that export a CPlApplet function. (Citation: Microsof",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1196"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1048.002",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an asymmetrically encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server. \n\nAsymmetric encryption algorithms are tho",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1087.004",
    "name": "Cloud Account",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of cloud accounts. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of resources within a cloud service provider or SaaS application.\n\nWith authenticated access there are seve",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1087/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1683.002",
    "name": "Audio-Visual Content",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or manipulate audio, image, and video content to support targeting and malicious operations. Adversaries may also use synthetic voice recordings, real-time altered audio or video during live interactions, fabricated profile photos and identity documents, or video content depic",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1683/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1057",
    "name": "Process Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get information about running processes on a system. Information obtained could be used to gain an understanding of common software/applications running on systems within the network. Administrator or otherwise elevated access may provide better process details. Adversarie",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1057"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.003",
    "name": "Impair Command History Logging",
    "description": "Adversaries may impair command history logging to hide commands they run on a compromised system. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done. \n\nOn Linux and macOS, command history is tracked in a file pointed to by",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1053.004",
    "name": "Launchd",
    "description": "This technique is deprecated due to the inaccurate usage. The report cited did not provide technical detail as to how the malware interacted directly with launchd rather than going through known services. Other system services are used to interact with launchd rather than launchd being used by itsel",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556.008",
    "name": "Network Provider DLL",
    "description": "Adversaries may register malicious network provider dynamic link libraries (DLLs) to capture cleartext user credentials during the authentication process. Network provider DLLs allow Windows to interface with specific network protocols and can also support add-on credential management functions.(Cit",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.003",
    "name": "Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by a Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) event subscription. WMI can be used to install event filters, providers, consumers, and bindings that execute code when a defined event occurs. Examples",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1596.004",
    "name": "CDNs",
    "description": "Adversaries may search content delivery network (CDN) data about victims that can be used during targeting. CDNs allow an organization to host content from a distributed, load balanced array of servers. CDNs may also allow organizations to customize content delivery based on the requestor\u2019s geograph",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1497.002",
    "name": "User Activity Based Checks",
    "description": "Adversaries may employ various user activity checks to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1141",
    "name": "Input Prompt",
    "description": "When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for proper credentials to authorize the elevated privileges for the task (ex: [Bypass User Account Control](https://attack.mitre.org/techn",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1141"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1496.004",
    "name": "Cloud Service Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage compromised software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact hosted service availability. \n\nFor example, adversaries may leverage email and messaging services, such as AWS Simple Email Service (SES), AWS Simple Notification Ser",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1585.003",
    "name": "Cloud Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may create accounts with cloud providers that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can use cloud accounts to further their operations, including leveraging cloud storage services such as Dropbox, MEGA, Microsoft OneDrive, or AWS S3 buckets for [Exfiltration to Cloud Storage](https:/",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1072",
    "name": "Software Deployment Tools",
    "description": "Adversaries may gain access to and use centralized software suites installed within an enterprise to execute commands and move laterally through the network. Configuration management and software deployment applications may be used in an enterprise network or cloud environment for routine administra",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1072"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1041",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over C2 Channel",
    "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an existing command and control channel. Stolen data is encoded into the normal communications channel using the same protocol as command and control communications.",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1134.004",
    "name": "Parent PID Spoofing",
    "description": "Adversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified. One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a ne",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1591",
    "name": "Gather Victim Org Information",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's organization that can be used during targeting. Information about an organization may include a variety of details, including the names of divisions/departments, specifics of business operations, as well as the roles and responsibilities of key e",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1060",
    "name": "Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder",
    "description": "Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a program to a startup folder or referencing it with a Registry run key. Adding an entry to the \"run keys\" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in. (Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These program",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1060"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1606",
    "name": "Forge Web Credentials",
    "description": "Adversaries may forge credential materials that can be used to gain access to web applications or Internet services. Web applications and services (hosted in cloud SaaS environments or on-premise servers) often use session cookies, tokens, or other materials to authenticate and authorize user access",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS",
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux",
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1606"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1621",
    "name": "Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms and gain access to accounts by generating MFA requests sent to users.\n\nAdversaries in possession of credentials to [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) may be unable to complete the login process if",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "IaaS",
      "SaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1621"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1554",
    "name": "Compromise Host Software Binary",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify host software binaries to establish persistent access to systems. Software binaries/executables provide a wide range of system commands or services, programs, and libraries. Common software binaries are SSH clients, FTP clients, email clients, web browsers, and many other user",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1554"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1552.008",
    "name": "Chat Messages",
    "description": "Adversaries may directly collect unsecured credentials stored or passed through user communication services. Credentials may be sent and stored in user chat communication applications such as email, chat services like Slack or Teams, collaboration tools like Jira or Trello, and any other services th",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.001",
    "name": "PowerShell",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse PowerShell commands and scripts for execution. PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system.(Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1023",
    "name": "Shortcut Modification",
    "description": "Shortcuts or symbolic links are ways of referencing other files or programs that will be opened or executed when the shortcut is clicked or executed by a system startup process. Adversaries could use shortcuts to execute their tools for persistence. They may create a new shortcut as a means of indir",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1023"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.001",
    "name": "Change Default File Association",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by a file type association. When a file is opened, the default program used to open the file (also called the file association or handler) is checked. File association selections are stored in the Windows Registry and can",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.014",
    "name": "VDSO Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via VDSO hijacking in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Virtual dynamic shared object (vdso) hijacking is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nVDSO hija",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/014"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1026",
    "name": "Multiband Communication",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nSome adversaries may split communications between different protocols. There could be one protocol for inbound command and control and another for outbound data, allowing it to bypass certain firewall restrictions. The split could",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1026"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1071.002",
    "name": "File Transfer Protocols",
    "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with transferring files to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1679",
    "name": "Selective Exclusion",
    "description": "Adversaries may intentionally exclude certain files, folders, directories, file types, or system components from encryption or tampering during a ransomware or malicious payload execution. Some file extensions that adversaries may avoid encrypting include `.dll`, `.exe`, and `.lnk`.(Citation: Palo A",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1679"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1122",
    "name": "Component Object Model Hijacking",
    "description": "The Component Object Model (COM) is a system within Windows to enable interaction between software components through the operating system. (Citation: Microsoft Component Object Model) Adversaries can use this system to insert malicious code that can be executed in place of legitimate software throu",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1122"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1015",
    "name": "Accessibility Features",
    "description": "Windows contains accessibility features that may be launched with a key combination before a user has logged in (for example, when the user is on the Windows logon screen). An adversary can modify the way these programs are launched to get a command prompt or backdoor without logging in to the syste",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1015"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1212",
    "name": "Exploitation for Credential Access",
    "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to collect credentials. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-control",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1212"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.014",
    "name": "Emond",
    "description": "Adversaries may gain persistence and elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by the Event Monitor Daemon (emond). Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/004) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, and take",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/014"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1102.003",
    "name": "One-Way Communication",
    "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to a compromised system without receiving return output over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Tho",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1590",
    "name": "Gather Victim Network Information",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's networks that can be used during targeting. Information about networks may include a variety of details, including administrative data (ex: IP ranges, domain names, etc.) as well as specifics regarding its topology and operations.\n\nAdversaries ma",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1210",
    "name": "Exploitation of Remote Services",
    "description": "Adversaries may exploit remote services to gain unauthorized access to internal systems once inside of a network. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself t",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1210"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1502",
    "name": "Parent PID Spoofing",
    "description": "Adversaries may spoof the parent process identifier (PPID) of a new process to evade process-monitoring defenses or to elevate privileges. New processes are typically spawned directly from their parent, or calling, process unless explicitly specified. One way of explicitly assigning the PPID of a ne",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1502"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1142",
    "name": "Keychain",
    "description": "Keychains are the built-in way for macOS to keep track of users' passwords and credentials for many services and features such as WiFi passwords, websites, secure notes, certificates, and Kerberos. Keychain files are located in <code>~/Library/Keychains/</code>,<code>/Library/Keychains/</code>, and ",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1142"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1534",
    "name": "Internal Spearphishing",
    "description": "After they already have access to accounts or systems within the environment, adversaries may use internal spearphishing to gain access to additional information or compromise other users within the same organization. Internal spearphishing is multi-staged campaign where a legitimate account is init",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1534"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1169",
    "name": "Sudo",
    "description": "The sudoers file, <code>/etc/sudoers</code>, describes which users can run which commands and from which terminals. This also describes which commands users can run as other users or groups. This provides the idea of least privilege such that users are running in their lowest possible permissions fo",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1169"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.010",
    "name": "Services File Permissions Weakness",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions of Windows services to replace the binary that is executed upon service start. These service processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.001",
    "name": "Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder",
    "description": "Adversaries may achieve persistence by adding a program to a startup folder or referencing it with a Registry run key. Adding an entry to the \"run keys\" in the Registry or startup folder will cause the program referenced to be executed when a user logs in.(Citation: Microsoft Run Key) These programs",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1199",
    "name": "Trusted Relationship",
    "description": "Adversaries may breach or otherwise leverage organizations who have access to intended victims. Access through trusted third party relationship abuses an existing connection that may not be protected or receives less scrutiny than standard mechanisms of gaining access to a network.\n\nOrganizations of",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1199"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1136.003",
    "name": "Cloud Account",
    "description": "Adversaries may create a cloud account to maintain access to victim systems. With a sufficient level of access, such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that does not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the system.(Citation: Microsoft O365 Admin Roles",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "SaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1069.001",
    "name": "Local Groups",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to find local system groups and permission settings. The knowledge of local system permission groups can help adversaries determine which groups exist and which users belong to a particular group. Adversaries may use this information to determine which users have elevated per",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1069/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1149",
    "name": "LC_MAIN Hijacking",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated and should no longer be used.**\n\nAs of OS X 10.8, mach-O binaries introduced a new header called LC_MAIN that points to the binary\u2019s entry point for execution. Previously, there were two headers to achieve this same effect: LC_THREAD and LC_UNIXTHREAD  (Citation:",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1149"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1593",
    "name": "Search Open Websites/Domains",
    "description": "Adversaries may search freely available websites and/or domains for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available in various online sites, such as social media, new sites, or those hosting information about business operations such as hiring ",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.013",
    "name": "Disable or Modify Network Device Firewall",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable network device-based firewall mechanisms entirely or add, delete, or modify particular rules in order to bypass controls limiting network usage. \n \nModifying or disabling a network firewall may enable adversary C2 communications, lateral movement, and/or data exfiltration tha",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1098",
    "name": "Account Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries may manipulate accounts to maintain and/or elevate access to victim systems. Account manipulation may consist of any action that preserves or modifies adversary access to a compromised account, such as modifying credentials or permission groups.(Citation: FireEye SMOKEDHAM June 2021) The",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1170",
    "name": "Mshta",
    "description": "Mshta.exe is a utility that executes Microsoft HTML Applications (HTA). HTA files have the file extension <code>.hta</code>. (Citation: Wikipedia HTML Application) HTAs are standalone applications that execute using the same models and technologies of Internet Explorer, but outside of the browser. (",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1170"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1048",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over a different protocol than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.  \n\nAlternate protocols include FTP, SMTP, HTTP/S, DNS, SMB, or any other",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.006",
    "name": "Kernel Modules and Extensions",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify the kernel to automatically execute programs on system boot. Loadable Kernel Modules (LKMs) are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into the kernel upon demand. They extend the functionality of the kernel without the need to reboot the system. For example, one type ",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1678",
    "name": "Delay Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may employ various time-based methods to evade detection and analysis. These techniques often exploit system clocks, delays, or timing mechanisms to obscure malicious activity, blend in with benign activity, and avoid scrutiny. Adversaries can perform this behavior within virtualization/",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1678"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1056.002",
    "name": "GUI Input Capture",
    "description": "Adversaries may mimic common operating system GUI components to prompt users for credentials with a seemingly legitimate prompt. When programs are executed that need additional privileges than are present in the current user context, it is common for the operating system to prompt the user for prope",
    "tactics": [
      "collection",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1097",
    "name": "Pass the Ticket",
    "description": "Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentication can be used as the first step to lateral movement to a remote system.\n\nIn this technique, valid Kerberos tickets for [Valid Accounts](https:/",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1097"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1686.002",
    "name": "Network Device Firewall",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable network device-based firewall mechanisms entirely or add, delete, or modify particular rules in order to bypass controls limiting network usage.  \n\nAdversaries may obtain access to devices such as routers, switches, or other perimeter/network devices and change access control",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1686/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1588.002",
    "name": "Tool",
    "description": "Adversaries may buy, steal, or download software tools that can be used during targeting. Tools can be open or closed source, free or commercial. A tool can be used for malicious purposes by an adversary, but (unlike malware) were not intended to be used for those purposes (ex: [PsExec](https://atta",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1052.001",
    "name": "Exfiltration over USB",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data over a USB connected physical device. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a USB device introduced by a user. The USB device could be used as the final exfiltration point or to hop between otherwis",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.013",
    "name": "KernelCallbackTable",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> of a process to hijack its execution flow in order to run their own payloads.(Citation: Lazarus APT January 2022)(Citation: FinFisher exposed ) The <code>KernelCallbackTable</code> can be found in the Process Environment Block (PEB) and is i",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1597",
    "name": "Search Closed Sources",
    "description": "Adversaries may search and gather information about victims from closed (e.g., paid, private, or otherwise not freely available) sources that can be used during targeting. Information about victims may be available for purchase from reputable private sources and databases, such as paid subscriptions",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1597"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1053.006",
    "name": "Systemd Timers",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse systemd timers to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Systemd timers are unit files with file extension <code>.timer</code> that control services. Timers can be set to run on a calendar event or after a time span relative to a starting ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1566",
    "name": "Phishing",
    "description": "Adversaries may send phishing messages to gain access to victim systems. All forms of phishing are electronically delivered social engineering. Phishing can be targeted, known as spearphishing. In spearphishing, a specific individual, company, or industry will be targeted by the adversary. More gene",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1061",
    "name": "Graphical User Interface",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Remote Services](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021) where appropriate.**\n\nThe Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) is a common way to interact with an operating system. Adversaries may use a system's GUI during an operation, commonly through a rem",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1061"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1542.004",
    "name": "ROMMONkit",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the ROM Monitor (ROMMON) by loading an unauthorized firmware with adversary code to provide persistent access and manipulate device behavior that is difficult to detect. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)(Citation: Cisco Blog Legacy Device Attacks)\n\n\nROMMON is a Cisco net",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1542/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.001",
    "name": "Compiled HTML File",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Compiled HTML files (.chm) to conceal malicious code. CHM files are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA,",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1496.001",
    "name": "Compute Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage the compute resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. \n\nOne common purpose for [Compute Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/001) is to validate transactions of cryptocurren",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.005",
    "name": "Network Share Connection Removal",
    "description": "Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [SMB/Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/002) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/softw",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1090.003",
    "name": "Multi-hop Proxy",
    "description": "Adversaries may chain together multiple proxies to disguise the source of malicious traffic. Typically, a defender will be able to identify the last proxy traffic traversed before it enters their network; the defender may or may not be able to identify any previous proxies before the last-hop proxy.",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1110",
    "name": "Brute Force",
    "description": "Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained.(Citation: TrendMicro Pawn Storm Dec 2020) Without knowledge of the password for an account or set of accounts, an adversary may systematically guess the password usi",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.004",
    "name": "Unix Shell",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Unix shell commands and scripts for execution. Unix shells are the primary command prompt on Linux, macOS, and ESXi systems, though many variations of the Unix shell exist (e.g. sh, ash, bash, zsh, etc.) depending on the specific OS or distribution.(Citation: DieNet Bash)(Citat",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1137.003",
    "name": "Outlook Forms",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook forms to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook forms are used as templates for presentation and functionality in Outlook messages. Custom Outlook forms can be created that will execute code when a specifically crafted email is sent by an adversar",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1219.003",
    "name": "Remote Access Hardware",
    "description": "An adversary may use legitimate remote access hardware to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. These services, including IP-based keyboard, video, or mouse (KVM) devices such as TinyPilot and PiKVM, are commonly used as legitimate tools and may be a",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1157",
    "name": "Dylib Hijacking",
    "description": "macOS and OS X use a common method to look for required dynamic libraries (dylib) to load into a program based on search paths. Adversaries can take advantage of ambiguous paths to plant dylibs to gain privilege escalation or persistence.\n\nA common method is to see what dylibs an application uses, t",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1157"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.001",
    "name": "Disable or Modify Tools",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify and/or disable security tools to avoid possible detection of their malware/tools and activities. This may take many forms, such as killing security software processes or services, modifying / deleting Registry keys or configuration files so that tools do not operate properly, ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1565",
    "name": "Data Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries may insert, delete, or manipulate data in order to influence external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: Sygnia Elephant Beetle Jan 2022) By manipulating data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1559",
    "name": "Inter-Process Communication",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms for local code or command execution. IPC is typically used by processes to share data, communicate with each other, or synchronize execution. IPC is also commonly used to avoid situations such as deadlocks, which occurs when processe",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1001",
    "name": "Data Obfuscation",
    "description": "Adversaries may obfuscate command and control traffic to make it more difficult to detect.(Citation: Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020) Command and control (C2) communications are hidden (but not necessarily encrypted) in an attempt to make the content more difficult to discover or decip",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1039",
    "name": "Data from Network Shared Drive",
    "description": "Adversaries may search network shares on computers they have compromised to find files of interest. Sensitive data can be collected from remote systems via shared network drives (host shared directory, network file server, etc.) that are accessible from the current system prior to Exfiltration. Inte",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1039"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1584.006",
    "name": "Web Services",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise access to third-party web services\u00a0that can be used during targeting. A variety of popular websites exist for legitimate users to register for web-based services, such as GitHub, Twitter, Dropbox, Google, SendGrid, etc. Adversaries may try to take ownership of a legitimate",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1601",
    "name": "Modify System Image",
    "description": "Adversaries may make changes to the operating system of embedded network devices to weaken defenses and provide new capabilities for themselves.  On such devices, the operating systems are typically monolithic and most of the device functionality and capabilities are contained within a single file.\n",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574",
    "name": "Hijack Execution Flow",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the way operating systems run programs. Hijacking execution flow can be for the purposes of persistence, since this hijacked execution may reoccur over time. Adversaries may also use these mechanisms to elevate privileges or evade def",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.012",
    "name": "Browser Fingerprint",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to blend in with legitimate traffic by spoofing browser and system attributes like operating system, system language, platform, user-agent string, resolution, time zone, etc.  The HTTP\u00a0User-Agent\u00a0request header\u00a0is a string that lets servers and network peers identify the appl",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.011",
    "name": "Lua",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Lua commands and scripts for execution. Lua is a cross-platform scripting and programming language primarily designed for embedded use in applications. Lua can be executed on the command-line (through the stand-alone lua interpreter), via scripts (<code>.lua</code>), or from Lu",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.005",
    "name": "Indicator Removal from Tools",
    "description": "Adversaries may remove indicators from tools if they believe their malicious tool was detected, quarantined, or otherwise curtailed. They can modify the tool by removing the indicator and using the updated version that is no longer detected by the target's defensive systems or subsequent targets tha",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1204.003",
    "name": "Malicious Image",
    "description": "Adversaries may rely on a user running a malicious image to facilitate execution. Amazon Web Services (AWS) Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Images, and Azure Images as well as popular container runtimes such as Docker can be backdoored. Backdoored images may be uploaded to ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1543.005",
    "name": "Container Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or modify container or container cluster management tools that run as daemons, agents, or services on individual hosts. These include software for creating and managing individual containers, such as Docker and Podman, as well as container cluster node-level agents such as kub",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1078",
    "name": "Valid Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of existing accounts as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Compromised credentials may be used to bypass access controls placed on various resources on systems within the network and may even be used ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation",
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1571",
    "name": "Non-Standard Port",
    "description": "Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port pairing that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088(Citation: Symantec Elfin Mar 2019) or port 587(Citation: Fortinet Agent Tesla April 2018) as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the sta",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1585.001",
    "name": "Social Media Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may create and cultivate social media accounts that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create social media accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropria",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1073",
    "name": "DLL Side-Loading",
    "description": "Programs may specify DLLs that are loaded at runtime. Programs that improperly or vaguely specify a required DLL may be open to a vulnerability in which an unintended DLL is loaded. Side-loading vulnerabilities specifically occur when Windows Side-by-Side (WinSxS) manifests (Citation: MSDN Manifests",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1073"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.012",
    "name": "Process Hollowing",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into suspended and hollowed processes in order to evade process-based defenses. Process hollowing is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.  \n\nProcess hollowing is commonly performed by creating a process in a suspe",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1068",
    "name": "Exploitation for Privilege Escalation",
    "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in an attempt to elevate privileges. Exploitation of a software vulnerability occurs when an adversary takes advantage of a programming error in a program, service, or within the operating system software or kernel itself to execute adversary-controll",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1068"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.009",
    "name": "Resource Forking",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse resource forks to hide malicious code or executables to evade detection and bypass security applications. A resource fork provides applications a structured way to store resources such as thumbnail images, menu definitions, icons, dialog boxes, and code.(Citation: macOS Hierarc",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1531",
    "name": "Account Access Removal",
    "description": "Adversaries may interrupt availability of system and network resources by inhibiting access to accounts utilized by legitimate users. Accounts may be deleted, locked, or manipulated (ex: changed credentials, revoked permissions for SaaS platforms such as Sharepoint) to remove access to accounts.(Cit",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "SaaS",
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1531"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1110.004",
    "name": "Credential Stuffing",
    "description": "Adversaries may use credentials obtained from breach dumps of unrelated accounts to gain access to target accounts through credential overlap. Occasionally, large numbers of username and password pairs are dumped online when a website or service is compromised and the user account credentials access",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1208",
    "name": "Kerberoasting",
    "description": "Service principal names (SPNs) are used to uniquely identify each instance of a Windows service. To enable authentication, Kerberos requires that SPNs be associated with at least one service logon account (an account specifically tasked with running a service (Citation: Microsoft Detecting Kerberoas",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1208"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027",
    "name": "Obfuscated Files or Information",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses. \n\nPayloads may be ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556.006",
    "name": "Multi-Factor Authentication",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms to enable persistent access to compromised accounts.\n\nOnce adversaries have gained access to a network by either compromising an account lacking MFA or by employing an MFA bypass method such as [Multi-Factor Authenticatio",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1114.002",
    "name": "Remote Email Collection",
    "description": "Adversaries may target an Exchange server, Office 365, or Google Workspace to collect sensitive information. Adversaries may leverage a user's credentials and interact directly with the Exchange server to acquire information from within a network. Adversaries may also access externally facing Exchan",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1114/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1505.004",
    "name": "IIS Components",
    "description": "Adversaries may install malicious components that run on Internet Information Services (IIS) web servers to establish persistence. IIS provides several mechanisms to extend the functionality of the web servers. For example, Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI) extensions and fil",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.001",
    "name": "Invalid Code Signature",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to mimic features of valid code signatures to increase the chance of deceiving a user, analyst, or tool. Code signing provides a level of authenticity on a binary from the developer and a guarantee that the binary has not been tampered with. Adversaries can copy the metadata ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1683",
    "name": "Generate Content",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or generate content to support targeting and operations. This content may be used to establish personas, impersonate known individuals or organizations, and support [Social Engineering](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684), fraud, or influence activities. Written materia",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1683"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.006",
    "name": "Run Virtual Instance",
    "description": "Adversaries may carry out malicious operations using a virtual instance to avoid detection. A wide variety of virtualization technologies exist that allow for the emulation of a computer or computing environment. By running malicious code inside of a virtual instance, adversaries can hide artifacts ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1154",
    "name": "Trap",
    "description": "The <code>trap</code> command allows programs and shells to specify commands that will be executed upon receiving interrupt signals. A common situation is a script allowing for graceful termination and handling of common  keyboard interrupts like <code>ctrl+c</code> and <code>ctrl+d</code>. Adversar",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1154"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.014",
    "name": "Polymorphic Code",
    "description": "Adversaries may utilize polymorphic code (also known as metamorphic or mutating code) to evade detection. Polymorphic code is a type of software capable of changing its runtime footprint during code execution.(Citation: polymorphic-blackberry) With each execution of the software, the code is mutated",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/014"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1201",
    "name": "Password Policy Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access detailed information about the password policy used within an enterprise network or cloud environment. Password policies are a way to enforce complex passwords that are difficult to guess or crack through [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110). Thi",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "IaaS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Identity Provider",
      "SaaS",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1201"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546",
    "name": "Event Triggered Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges using system mechanisms that trigger execution based on specific events. Various operating systems have means to monitor and subscribe to events such as logons or other user activity such as running specific applications/binaries. Cloud",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "SaaS",
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.004",
    "name": "Unix Shell Configuration Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence through executing malicious commands triggered by a user\u2019s shell. User [Unix Shell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/004)s execute several configuration scripts at different points throughout the session based on events. For example, when a user opens a",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1187",
    "name": "Forced Authentication",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather credential material by invoking or forcing a user to automatically provide authentication information through a mechanism in which they can intercept.\n\nThe Server Message Block (SMB) protocol is commonly used in Windows networks for authentication and communication between sys",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1187"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1134.005",
    "name": "SID-History Injection",
    "description": "Adversaries may use SID-History Injection to escalate privileges and bypass access controls. The Windows security identifier (SID) is a unique value that identifies a user or group account. SIDs are used by Windows security in both security descriptors and access tokens. (Citation: Microsoft SID) An",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1599",
    "name": "Network Boundary Bridging",
    "description": "Adversaries may bridge network boundaries by compromising perimeter network devices or internal devices responsible for network segmentation. Breaching these devices may enable an adversary to bypass restrictions on traffic routing that otherwise separate trusted and untrusted networks.\n\nDevices suc",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1599"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1486",
    "name": "Data Encrypted for Impact",
    "description": "Adversaries may encrypt data on target systems or on large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources. They can attempt to render stored data inaccessible by encrypting files or data on local and remote drives and withholding access to a decryption key.",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1488",
    "name": "Disk Content Wipe",
    "description": "Adversaries may erase the contents of storage devices on specific systems as well as large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.\n\nAdversaries may partially or completely overwrite the contents of a storage device rendering the data irrecoverable t",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1488"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1690",
    "name": "Prevent Command History Logging",
    "description": "Adversaries may impair command history logging to hide commands they run on a compromised system. Various command interpreters keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they have done.\n\nOn Linux and macOS, command history is tracked in a file pointed to b",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1690"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1553",
    "name": "Subvert Trust Controls",
    "description": "Adversaries may undermine security controls that will either warn users of untrusted activity or prevent execution of untrusted programs. Operating systems and security products may contain mechanisms to identify programs or websites as possessing some level of trust. Examples of such features would",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1548.004",
    "name": "Elevated Execution with Prompt",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage the <code>AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges</code> API to escalate privileges by prompting the user for credentials.(Citation: AppleDocs AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges) The purpose of this API is to give application developers an easy way to perform operations with root",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1592.003",
    "name": "Firmware",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host firmware that can be used during targeting. Information about host firmware may include a variety of details such as type and versions on specific hosts, which may be used to infer more information about hosts in the environment (ex: configu",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1573",
    "name": "Encrypted Channel",
    "description": "Adversaries may employ an encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1174",
    "name": "Password Filter DLL",
    "description": "Windows password filters are password policy enforcement mechanisms for both domain and local accounts. Filters are implemented as dynamic link libraries (DLLs) containing a method to validate potential passwords against password policies. Filter DLLs can be positioned on local computers for local a",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1174"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.002",
    "name": "Authentication Package",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse authentication packages to execute DLLs when the system boots. Windows authentication package DLLs are loaded by the Local Security Authority (LSA) process at system start. They provide support for multiple logon processes and multiple security protocols to the operating system",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.010",
    "name": "Regsvr32",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Regsvr32.exe to proxy execution of malicious code. Regsvr32.exe is a command-line program used to register and unregister object linking and embedding controls, including dynamic link libraries (DLLs), on Windows systems. The Regsvr32.exe binary may also be signed by Microsoft.",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1002",
    "name": "Data Compressed",
    "description": "An adversary may compress data (e.g., sensitive documents) that is collected prior to exfiltration in order to make it portable and minimize the amount of data sent over the network. The compression is done separately from the exfiltration channel and is performed using a custom program or algorithm",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1567.003",
    "name": "Exfiltration to Text Storage Sites",
    "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data to text storage sites instead of their primary command and control channel. Text storage sites, such as <code>pastebin[.]com</code>, are commonly used by developers to share code and other information.  \n\nText storage sites are often used to host malicious code for C2",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1081",
    "name": "Credentials in Files",
    "description": "Adversaries may search local file systems and remote file shares for files containing passwords. These can be files created by users to store their own credentials, shared credential stores for a group of individuals, configuration files containing passwords for a system or service, or source code/b",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1081"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1592.002",
    "name": "Software",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's host software that can be used during targeting. Information about installed software may include a variety of details such as types and versions on specific hosts, as well as the presence of additional components that might be indicative of adde",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1592/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1128",
    "name": "Netsh Helper DLL",
    "description": "Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system. It contains functionality to add helper DLLs for extending functionality of the utility. (Citation: TechNet Netsh) The paths to registered netsh.exe helper DLLs a",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1128"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1056",
    "name": "Input Capture",
    "description": "Adversaries may use methods of capturing user input to obtain credentials or collect information. During normal system usage, users often provide credentials to various different locations, such as login pages/portals or system dialog boxes. Input capture mechanisms may be transparent to the user (e",
    "tactics": [
      "collection",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1566.004",
    "name": "Spearphishing Voice",
    "description": "Adversaries may use voice communications to ultimately gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing voice is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of manipulating a user into providing access to systems through a phone call ",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1587.004",
    "name": "Exploits",
    "description": "Adversaries may develop exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than finding/modifying exploits from online or purchasing them from exploi",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1685",
    "name": "Disable or Modify Tools",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable, degrade, or tamper with security tools or applications (e.g., endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools, intrusion detection systems (IDS), antivirus, logging agents, sensors, etc.) to impair or reduce visibility of defensive capabilities. This may include stopping specifi",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1685"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1593.001",
    "name": "Social Media",
    "description": "Adversaries may search social media for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Social media sites may contain various information about a victim organization, such as business announcements as well as information about the roles, locations, and interests of staff.\n\nAdversaries ",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1593/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1213.004",
    "name": "Customer Relationship Management Software",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software to mine valuable information. CRM software is used to assist organizations in tracking and managing customer interactions, as well as storing customer data.\n\nOnce adversaries gain access to a victim organization, they may mine ",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.015",
    "name": "Component Object Model Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by hijacked references to Component Object Model (COM) objects. COM is a system within Windows to enable interaction between software components through the operating system.(Citation: Microsoft Component Object Model)  R",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/015"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1589.001",
    "name": "Credentials",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather credentials that can be used during targeting. Account credentials gathered by adversaries may be those directly associated with the target victim organization or attempt to take advantage of the tendency for users to use the same passwords across personal and business account",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1589/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1195.002",
    "name": "Compromise Software Supply Chain",
    "description": "Adversaries may manipulate application software prior to receipt by a final consumer for the purpose of data or system compromise. Supply chain compromise of software can take place in a number of ways, including manipulation of the application source code, manipulation of the update/distribution me",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1195/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.003",
    "name": "Rename Legitimate Utilities",
    "description": "Adversaries may rename legitimate / system utilities to try to evade security mechanisms concerning the usage of those utilities. Security monitoring and control mechanisms may be in place for legitimate utilities adversaries are capable of abusing, including both built-in binaries and tools such as",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1102.002",
    "name": "Bidirectional Communication",
    "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service as a means for sending commands to and receiving output from a compromised system over the Web service channel. Compromised systems may leverage popular websites and social media to host command and control (C2) instructions. Those inf",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1203",
    "name": "Exploitation for Client Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may exploit software vulnerabilities in client applications to execute code. Vulnerabilities can exist in software due to unsecure coding practices that can lead to unanticipated behavior. Adversaries can take advantage of certain vulnerabilities through targeted exploitation for the pur",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1203"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1595.003",
    "name": "Wordlist Scanning",
    "description": "Adversaries may iteratively probe infrastructure using brute-forcing and crawling techniques. While this technique employs similar methods to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110), its goal is the identification of content and infrastructure rather than the discovery of valid cred",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1667",
    "name": "Email Bombing",
    "description": "Adversaries may flood targeted email addresses with an overwhelming volume of messages. This may bury legitimate emails in a flood of spam and disrupt business operations.(Citation: sophos-bombing)(Citation: krebs-email-bombing)\n\nAn adversary may accomplish email bombing by leveraging an automated b",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1667"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.011",
    "name": "Spoof Security Alerting",
    "description": "Adversaries may spoof security alerting from tools, presenting false evidence to impair defenders\u2019 awareness of malicious activity.(Citation: BlackBasta) Messages produced by defensive tools contain information about potential security events as well as the functioning status of security software an",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/011"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1137.004",
    "name": "Outlook Home Page",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Microsoft Outlook's Home Page feature to obtain persistence on a compromised system. Outlook Home Page is a legacy feature used to customize the presentation of Outlook folders. This feature allows for an internal or external URL to be loaded and presented whenever a folder is ",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1573.002",
    "name": "Asymmetric Cryptography",
    "description": "Adversaries may employ a known asymmetric encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Asymmetric cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a keypair per party: one public that can be",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1573/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1567.002",
    "name": "Exfiltration to Cloud Storage",
    "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data to a cloud storage service rather than over their primary command and control channel. Cloud storage services allow for the storage, edit, and retrieval of data from a remote cloud storage server over the Internet.\n\nExamples of cloud storage services include Dropbox a",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1567/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1570",
    "name": "Lateral Tool Transfer",
    "description": "Adversaries may transfer tools or other files between systems in a compromised environment. Once brought into the victim environment (i.e., [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) files may then be copied from one system to another to stage adversary tools or other files ",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1570"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.009",
    "name": "Path Interception by Unquoted Path",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking vulnerable file path references. Adversaries can take advantage of paths that lack surrounding quotations by placing an executable in a higher level directory within the path, so that Windows will choose the adversary's executable to ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1608.003",
    "name": "Install Digital Certificate",
    "description": "Adversaries may install SSL/TLS certificates that can be used during targeting. SSL/TLS certificates are files that can be installed on servers to enable secure communications between systems. Digital certificates include information about the key, information about its owner's identity, and the dig",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1168",
    "name": "Local Job Scheduling",
    "description": "On Linux and macOS systems, multiple methods are supported for creating pre-scheduled and periodic background jobs: cron, (Citation: Die.net Linux crontab Man Page) at, (Citation: Die.net Linux at Man Page) and launchd. (Citation: AppleDocs Scheduling Timed Jobs) Unlike [Scheduled Task/Job](https://",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1168"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1166",
    "name": "Setuid and Setgid",
    "description": "When the setuid or setgid bits are set on Linux or macOS for an application, this means that the application will run with the privileges of the owning user or group respectively  (Citation: setuid man page). Normally an application is run in the current user\u2019s context, regardless of which user or g",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1166"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1037.005",
    "name": "Startup Items",
    "description": "Adversaries may use startup items automatically executed at boot initialization to establish persistence. Startup items execute during the final phase of the boot process and contain shell scripts or other executable files along with configuration information used by the system to determine the exec",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1100",
    "name": "Web Shell",
    "description": "A Web shell is a Web script that is placed on an openly accessible Web server to allow an adversary to use the Web server as a gateway into a network. A Web shell may provide a set of functions to execute or a command-line interface on the system that hosts the Web server. In addition to a server-si",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1100"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1186",
    "name": "Process Doppelg\u00e4nging",
    "description": "Windows Transactional NTFS (TxF) was introduced in Vista as a method to perform safe file operations. (Citation: Microsoft TxF) To ensure data integrity, TxF enables only one transacted handle to write to a file at a given time. Until the write handle transaction is terminated, all other handles are",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1186"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1184",
    "name": "SSH Hijacking",
    "description": "Secure Shell (SSH) is a standard means of remote access on Linux and macOS systems. It allows a user to connect to another system via an encrypted tunnel, commonly authenticating through a password, certificate or the use of an asymmetric encryption key pair.\n\nIn order to move laterally from a compr",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1184"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1614.001",
    "name": "System Language Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to gather information about the system language of a victim in order to infer the geographical location of that host. This information may be used to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether the adversary infects the target and/or attempts specific actions. This decision ",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1095",
    "name": "Non-Application Layer Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.(Citation: Wikipedia OSI) Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Contro",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1095"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1075",
    "name": "Pass the Hash",
    "description": "Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that uses the password hash. In this techni",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1075"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.013",
    "name": "Container CLI/API",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse built-in CLI tools or API calls to execute malicious commands in containerized environments.\n\nThe Docker CLI is used for managing containers via an exposed API point from the `dockerd` daemon. Some common examples of Docker CLI include Docker Desktop CLI and Docker Compose, but",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.003",
    "name": "Steganography",
    "description": "Adversaries may use steganography techniques in order to prevent the detection of hidden information. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital media such as images, audio tracks, video clips, or text files.\n\n[Duqu](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0038) was an early example of",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1584.002",
    "name": "DNS Server",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party DNS servers that can be used during targeting. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize DNS traffic for various tasks, including for Command and Control (ex: [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071)). Instead of se",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1671",
    "name": "Cloud Application Integration",
    "description": "Adversaries may achieve persistence by leveraging OAuth application integrations in a software-as-a-service environment. Adversaries may create a custom application, add a legitimate application into the environment, or even co-opt an existing integration to achieve malicious ends.(Citation: Push Se",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1671"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1001.003",
    "name": "Protocol or Service Impersonation",
    "description": "Adversaries may impersonate legitimate protocols or web service traffic to disguise command and control activity and thwart analysis efforts. By impersonating legitimate protocols or web services, adversaries can make their command and control traffic blend in with legitimate network traffic.  \n\nAdv",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1012",
    "name": "Query Registry",
    "description": "Adversaries may interact with the Windows Registry to gather information about the system, configuration, and installed software.\n\nThe Registry contains a significant amount of information about the operating system, configuration, software, and security.(Citation: Wikipedia Windows Registry) Inform",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1030",
    "name": "Data Transfer Size Limits",
    "description": "An adversary may exfiltrate data in fixed size chunks instead of whole files or limit packet sizes below certain thresholds. This approach may be used to avoid triggering network data transfer threshold alerts.",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1030"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1028",
    "name": "Windows Remote Management",
    "description": "Windows Remote Management (WinRM) is the name of both a Windows service and a protocol that allows a user to interact with a remote system (e.g., run an executable, modify the Registry, modify services). (Citation: Microsoft WinRM) It may be called with the <code>winrm</code> command or by any numbe",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1028"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1550.004",
    "name": "Web Session Cookie",
    "description": "Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)\n\nAuthentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, includ",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1078.002",
    "name": "Domain Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a domain account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion.(Citation: TechNet Credential Theft) Domain accounts are those managed by Active Directory Domain Services where access and permissions are con",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation",
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.009",
    "name": "Regsvcs/Regasm",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Regsvcs and Regasm to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. Regsvcs and Regasm are Windows command-line utilities that are used to register .NET [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (COM) assemblies. Both are binaries that",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1034",
    "name": "Path Interception",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/007), [Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/008), and/or [Path Interception by Unquoted Path](https://attack.m",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1034"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.018",
    "name": "Python Startup Hooks",
    "description": "Adversaries may achieve persistence by leveraging Python\u2019s startup mechanisms, including path configuration (`.pth`) files and the `sitecustomize.py` or `usercustomize.py` modules. These files are automatically processed during the initialization of the Python interpreter, allowing for the execution",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/018"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1506",
    "name": "Web Session Cookie",
    "description": "Adversaries can use stolen session cookies to authenticate to web applications and services. This technique bypasses some multi-factor authentication protocols since the session is already authenticated.(Citation: Pass The Cookie)\n\nAuthentication cookies are commonly used in web applications, includ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Office 365",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1506"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1553.004",
    "name": "Install Root Certificate",
    "description": "Adversaries may install a root certificate on a compromised system to avoid warnings when connecting to adversary controlled web servers. Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or applicati",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1553/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1037.003",
    "name": "Network Logon Script",
    "description": "Adversaries may use network logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Network logon scripts can be assigned using Active Directory or Group Policy Objects.(Citation: Petri Logon Script AD) These logon scripts run with the privileges of the user they are a",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1499",
    "name": "Endpoint Denial of Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may perform Endpoint Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of services to users. Endpoint DoS can be performed by exhausting the system resources those services are hosted on or exploiting the system to cause a persistent crash condition. Example services i",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Containers",
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1499"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.004",
    "name": "Compile After Delivery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targeting executables/binaries. These payloads will need to be compiled before execution; typi",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1688",
    "name": "Safe Mode Boot",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Windows safe mode to disable endpoint defenses. Safe mode starts up the Windows operating system with a limited set of drivers and services. Third-party security software such as endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools may not start after booting Windows in safe mode. There",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1688"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1065",
    "name": "Uncommonly Used Port",
    "description": "Adversaries may conduct C2 communications over a non-standard port to bypass proxies and firewalls that have been improperly configured.",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1065"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1614",
    "name": "System Location Discovery",
    "description": "\nAdversaries may gather information in an attempt to calculate the geographical location of a victim host. Adversaries may use the information from [System Location Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1614"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.007",
    "name": "VBA Stomping",
    "description": "Adversaries may hide malicious Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) payloads embedded within MS Office documents by replacing the VBA source code with benign data.(Citation: FireEye VBA stomp Feb 2020)\n\nMS Office documents with embedded VBA content store source code inside of module streams. Each mod",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1197",
    "name": "BITS Jobs",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse BITS jobs to persistently execute code and perform various background tasks. Windows Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS) is a low-bandwidth, asynchronous file transfer mechanism exposed through [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) (",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1197"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1127.001",
    "name": "MSBuild",
    "description": "Adversaries may use MSBuild to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. MSBuild.exe (Microsoft Build Engine) is a software build platform used by Visual Studio. It handles XML formatted project files that define requirements for loading and building various platforms and configurat",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1656",
    "name": "Impersonation",
    "description": "Adversaries may impersonate a trusted person or organization in order to persuade and trick a target into performing some action on their behalf. For example, adversaries may communicate with victims (via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Phishing](https://attac",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1656"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1578.005",
    "name": "Modify Cloud Compute Configurations",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify settings that directly affect the size, locations, and resources available to cloud compute infrastructure in order to evade defenses. These settings may include service quotas, subscription associations, tenant-wide policies, or other configurations that impact available comp",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1088",
    "name": "Bypass User Account Control",
    "description": "Windows User Account Control (UAC) allows a program to elevate its privileges to perform a task under administrator-level permissions by prompting the user for confirmation. The impact to the user ranges from denying the operation under high enforcement to allowing the user to perform the action if ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1088"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1494",
    "name": "Runtime Data Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify systems in order to manipulate the data as it is accessed and displayed to an end user.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating runtime data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational understanding, and deci",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1494"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1090.004",
    "name": "Domain Fronting",
    "description": "Adversaries may take advantage of routing schemes in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and other services which host multiple domains to obfuscate the intended destination of HTTPS traffic or traffic tunneled through HTTPS. (Citation: Fifield Blocking Resistent Communication through domain fronting 2",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1557.002",
    "name": "ARP Cache Poisoning",
    "description": "Adversaries may poison Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) caches to position themselves between the communication of two or more networked devices. This activity may be used to enable follow-on behaviors such as [Network Sniffing](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1040) or [Transmitted Data Manipu",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access",
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1557/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1562.008",
    "name": "Disable or Modify Cloud Logs",
    "description": "An adversary may disable or modify cloud logging capabilities and integrations to limit what data is collected on their activities and avoid detection. Cloud environments allow for collection and analysis of audit and application logs that provide insight into what activities a user does within the ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "SaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1518.001",
    "name": "Security Software Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as cloud monitoring agents and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from [Security Software Di",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.003",
    "name": "Hidden Window",
    "description": "Adversaries may use hidden windows to conceal malicious activity from the plain sight of users. In some cases, windows that would typically be displayed when an application carries out an operation can be hidden. This may be utilized by system administrators to avoid disrupting user work environment",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1493",
    "name": "Transmitted Data Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating transmitted data, adversaries may attempt to affect a business process, organizational underst",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1493"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1127.002",
    "name": "ClickOnce",
    "description": "Adversaries may use ClickOnce applications (.appref-ms and .application files) to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility.(Citation: Burke/CISA ClickOnce BlackHat) ClickOnce is a deployment that enables a user to create self-updating Windows-based .NET applications (i.e, .XBAP, .EX",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.006",
    "name": "Python",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Python commands and scripts for execution. Python is a very popular scripting/programming language, with capabilities to perform many functions. Python can be executed interactively from the command-line (via the <code>python.exe</code> interpreter) or via scripts (.py) that ca",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.010",
    "name": "Relocate Malware",
    "description": "Once a payload is delivered, adversaries may reproduce copies of the same malware on the victim system to remove evidence of their presence and/or avoid defenses. Copying malware payloads to new locations may also be combined with [File Deletion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/004) to cle",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1591.004",
    "name": "Identify Roles",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about identities and roles within the victim organization that can be used during targeting. Information about business roles may reveal a variety of targetable details, including identifiable information for key personnel as well as what data/resources they have a",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1132",
    "name": "Data Encoding",
    "description": "Adversaries may encode data to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system. Use of data encoding may adhere to existing protocol specifications and includes use of ASCII, Unicode, ",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.010",
    "name": "AppInit DLLs",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and/or elevate privileges by executing malicious content triggered by AppInit DLLs loaded into processes. Dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that are specified in the <code>AppInit_DLLs</code> value in the Registry keys <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Microsoft\\Win",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1598",
    "name": "Phishing for Information",
    "description": "Adversaries may send phishing messages to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Phishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Phishing for information is different from [Phishing](",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1496",
    "name": "Resource Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage the resources of co-opted systems to complete resource-intensive tasks, which may impact system and/or hosted service availability. \n\nResource hijacking may take a number of different forms. For example, adversaries may:\n\n* Leverage compute resources in order to mine cryptoc",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Containers",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1496"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1684.001",
    "name": "Impersonation",
    "description": "Adversaries may impersonate a trusted person or organization in order to persuade and trick a target into performing some action on their behalf. For example, adversaries may communicate with victims (via [Phishing for Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598), [Phishing](https://attac",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1585",
    "name": "Establish Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may create and cultivate accounts with services that can be used during targeting. Adversaries can create accounts that can be used to build a persona to further operations. Persona development consists of the development of public information, presence, history and appropriate affiliati",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1585"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1588",
    "name": "Obtain Capabilities",
    "description": "Adversaries may buy and/or steal capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than developing their own capabilities in-house, adversaries may purchase, freely download, or steal them. Activities may include the acquisition of malware, software (including licenses), exploits, certificates,",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.002",
    "name": "Screensaver",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by user inactivity. Screensavers are programs that execute after a configurable time of user inactivity and consist of Portable Executable (PE) files with a .scr file extension.(Citation: Wikipedia Screensaver) The Window",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1147",
    "name": "Hidden Users",
    "description": "Every user account in macOS has a userID associated with it. When creating a user, you can specify the userID for that account. There is a property value in <code>/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow</code> called <code>Hide500Users</code> that prevents users with userIDs 500 and lower from ap",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1147"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556.009",
    "name": "Conditional Access Policies",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify conditional access policies to enable persistent access to compromised accounts. Conditional access policies are additional verifications used by identity providers and identity and access management systems to determine whether a user should be granted access to a ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1578.002",
    "name": "Create Cloud Instance",
    "description": "An adversary may create a new instance or virtual machine (VM) within the compute service of a cloud account to evade defenses. Creating a new instance may allow an adversary to bypass firewall rules and permissions that exist on instances currently residing within an account. An adversary may [Crea",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1500",
    "name": "Compile After Delivery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to make payloads difficult to discover and analyze by delivering files to victims as uncompiled code. Similar to [Obfuscated Files or Information](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027), text-based source code files may subvert analysis and scrutiny from protections targe",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1500"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1555.006",
    "name": "Cloud Secrets Management Stores",
    "description": "Adversaries may acquire credentials from cloud-native secret management solutions such as AWS Secrets Manager, GCP Secret Manager, Azure Key Vault, and Terraform Vault.  \n\nSecrets managers support the secure centralized management of passwords, API keys, and other credential material. Where secrets ",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1213.003",
    "name": "Code Repositories",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage code repositories to collect valuable information. Code repositories are tools/services that store source code and automate software builds. They may be hosted internally or privately on third party sites such as Github, GitLab, SourceForge, and BitBucket. Users typically in",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1565.002",
    "name": "Transmitted Data Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries may alter data en route to storage or other systems in order to manipulate external outcomes or hide activity, thus threatening the integrity of the data.(Citation: FireEye APT38 Oct 2018)(Citation: DOJ Lazarus Sony 2018) By manipulating transmitted data, adversaries may attempt to affec",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1565/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1003.008",
    "name": "/etc/passwd and /etc/shadow",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to dump the contents of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to enable offline password cracking. Most modern Linux operating systems use a combination of <code>/etc/passwd</code> and <code>/etc/shadow</code> to store user account information, including passw",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1543.001",
    "name": "Launch Agent",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or modify launch agents to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. When a user logs in, a per-user launchd process is started which loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand user agent from the property list (.plist) file found in <code>/System/Libra",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1569",
    "name": "System Services",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse system services or daemons to execute commands or programs. Adversaries can execute malicious content by interacting with or creating services either locally or remotely. Many services are set to run at boot, which can aid in achieving persistence ([Create or Modify System Proc",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.003",
    "name": "Windows Command Shell",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Windows command shell for execution. The Windows command shell ([cmd](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0106)) is the primary command prompt on Windows systems. The Windows command prompt can be used to control almost any aspect of a system, with various permission levels ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.009",
    "name": "Proc Memory",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via the /proc filesystem in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Proc memory injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nProc memory injection involv",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1223",
    "name": "Compiled HTML File",
    "description": "Compiled HTML files (.chm) are commonly distributed as part of the Microsoft HTML Help system. CHM files are compressed compilations of various content such as HTML documents, images, and scripting/web related programming languages such VBA, JScript, Java, and ActiveX. (Citation: Microsoft HTML Help",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1223"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1650",
    "name": "Acquire Access",
    "description": "Adversaries may purchase or otherwise acquire an existing access to a target system or network. A variety of online services and initial access broker networks are available to sell access to previously compromised systems.(Citation: Microsoft Ransomware as a Service)(Citation: CrowdStrike Access Br",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1650"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1601.001",
    "name": "Patch System Image",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify the operating system of a network device to introduce new capabilities or weaken existing defenses.(Citation: Killing the myth of Cisco IOS rootkits) (Citation: Killing IOS diversity myth) (Citation: Cisco IOS Shellcode) (Citation: Cisco IOS Forensics Developments) (Citation: ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1558.002",
    "name": "Silver Ticket",
    "description": "Adversaries who have the password hash of a target service account (e.g. SharePoint, MSSQL) may forge Kerberos ticket granting service (TGS) tickets, also known as silver tickets. Kerberos TGS tickets are also known as service tickets.(Citation: ADSecurity Silver Tickets)\n\nSilver tickets are more li",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1213",
    "name": "Data from Information Repositories",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage information repositories to mine valuable information. Information repositories are tools that allow for storage of information, typically to facilitate collaboration or information sharing between users, and can store a wide variety of data that may aid adversaries in furth",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "SaaS",
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.009",
    "name": "Clear Persistence",
    "description": "Adversaries may clear artifacts associated with previously established persistence on a host system to remove evidence of their activity. This may involve various actions, such as removing services, deleting executables, [Modify Registry](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112), [Plist File Modif",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/009"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.012",
    "name": "Hypervisor CLI",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse hypervisor command line interpreters (CLIs) to execute malicious commands. Hypervisor CLIs typically enable a wide variety of functionality for managing both the hypervisor itself and the guest virtual machines it hosts. \n\nFor example, on ESXi systems, tools such as `esxcli` an",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/012"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1146",
    "name": "Clear Command History",
    "description": "In addition to clearing system logs, an adversary may clear the command history of a compromised account to conceal the actions undertaken during an intrusion. macOS and Linux both keep track of the commands users type in their terminal so that users can retrace what they've done. These logs can be ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1146"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1555.004",
    "name": "Windows Credential Manager",
    "description": "Adversaries may acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager. The Credential Manager stores credentials for signing into websites, applications, and/or devices that request authentication through NTLM or Kerberos in Credential Lockers (previously known as Windows Vaults).(Citation: Micros",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1555/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.010",
    "name": "Masquerade Account Name",
    "description": "Adversaries may match or approximate the names of legitimate accounts to make newly created ones appear benign. This will typically occur during [Create Account](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136), although accounts may also be renamed at a later date. This may also coincide with [Account Ac",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1519",
    "name": "Emond",
    "description": "Adversaries may use Event Monitor Daemon (emond) to establish persistence by scheduling malicious commands to run on predictable event triggers. Emond is a [Launch Daemon](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1160) that accepts events from various services, runs them through a simple rules engine, a",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1519"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1194",
    "name": "Spearphishing via Service",
    "description": "Spearphishing via service is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of third party services rather than directly via enterprise email channels. \n\nAll forms of spearphishing are electronically delivered social engineering targ",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1194"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1200",
    "name": "Hardware Additions",
    "description": "Adversaries may physically introduce computer accessories, networking hardware, or other computing devices into a system or network that can be used as a vector to gain access. Rather than just connecting and distributing payloads via removable storage (i.e. [Replication Through Removable Media](htt",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1200"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1219.002",
    "name": "Remote Desktop Software",
    "description": "An adversary may use legitimate desktop support software to establish an interactive command and control channel to target systems within networks. Desktop support software provides a graphical interface for remotely controlling another computer, transmitting the display output, keyboard input, and ",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1219/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1505",
    "name": "Server Software Component",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse legitimate extensible development features of servers to establish persistent access to systems. Enterprise server applications may include features that allow developers to write and install software or scripts to extend the functionality of the main application. Adversaries m",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1485",
    "name": "Data Destruction",
    "description": "Adversaries may destroy data and files on specific systems or in large numbers on a network to interrupt availability to systems, services, and network resources. Data destruction is likely to render stored data irrecoverable by forensic techniques through overwriting files or data on local and remo",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1485"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1132.002",
    "name": "Non-Standard Encoding",
    "description": "Adversaries may encode data with a non-standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a non-standard data encoding system that diverges from existing protocol specifications. Non-sta",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1132/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556.001",
    "name": "Domain Controller Authentication",
    "description": "Adversaries may patch the authentication process on a domain controller to bypass the typical authentication mechanisms and enable access to accounts. \n\nMalware may be used to inject false credentials into the authentication process on a domain controller with the intent of creating a backdoor used ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1537",
    "name": "Transfer Data to Cloud Account",
    "description": "Adversaries may exfiltrate data by transferring the data, including through sharing/syncing and creating backups of cloud environments, to another cloud account they control on the same service.\n\nA defender who is monitoring for large transfers to outside the cloud environment through normal file tr",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1537"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.006",
    "name": "HTML Smuggling",
    "description": "Adversaries may smuggle data and files past content filters by hiding malicious payloads inside of seemingly benign HTML files. HTML documents can store large binary objects known as JavaScript Blobs (immutable data that represents raw bytes) that can later be constructed into file-like objects. Dat",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556.005",
    "name": "Reversible Encryption",
    "description": "An adversary may abuse Active Directory authentication encryption properties to gain access to credentials on Windows systems. The <code>AllowReversiblePasswordEncryption</code> property specifies whether reversible password encryption for an account is enabled or disabled. By default this property ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.010",
    "name": "Command Obfuscation",
    "description": "Adversaries may obfuscate content during command execution to impede detection. Command-line obfuscation is a method of making strings and patterns within commands and scripts more difficult to signature and analyze. This type of obfuscation can be included within commands executed by delivered payl",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1130",
    "name": "Install Root Certificate",
    "description": "Root certificates are used in public key cryptography to identify a root certificate authority (CA). When a root certificate is installed, the system or application will trust certificates in the root's chain of trust that have been signed by the root certificate. (Citation: Wikipedia Root Certifica",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1130"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1022",
    "name": "Data Encrypted",
    "description": "Data is encrypted before being exfiltrated in order to hide the information that is being exfiltrated from detection or to make the exfiltration less conspicuous upon inspection by a defender. The encryption is performed by a utility, programming library, or custom algorithm on the data itself and i",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1022"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1070.004",
    "name": "File Deletion",
    "description": "Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary (ex: [Ingress Tool Transfer](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105)) may leave traces to indicate to what was done within ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1070/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1189",
    "name": "Drive-by Compromise",
    "description": "Adversaries may gain access to a system through a user visiting a website over the normal course of browsing. Multiple ways of delivering exploit code to a browser exist (i.e., [Drive-by Target](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/004)), including:\n\n* A legitimate website is compromised, allow",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1189"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1498",
    "name": "Network Denial of Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may perform Network Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to degrade or block the availability of targeted resources to users. Network DoS can be performed by exhausting the network bandwidth services rely on. Example resources include specific websites, email services, DNS, and web-based appl",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1498"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1651",
    "name": "Cloud Administration Command",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse cloud management services to execute commands within virtual machines. Resources such as AWS Systems Manager, Azure RunCommand, and Runbooks allow users to remotely run scripts in virtual machines by leveraging installed virtual machine agents. (Citation: AWS Systems Manager Ru",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1651"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.016",
    "name": "Installer Packages",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence and elevate privileges by using an installer to trigger the execution of malicious content. Installer packages are OS specific and contain the resources an operating system needs to install applications on a system. Installer packages can include scripts that ru",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/016"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1595.001",
    "name": "Scanning IP Blocks",
    "description": "Adversaries may scan victim IP blocks to gather information that can be used during targeting. Public IP addresses may be allocated to organizations by block, or a range of sequential addresses.\n\nAdversaries may scan IP blocks in order to [Gather Victim Network Information](https://attack.mitre.org/",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1595/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1158",
    "name": "Hidden Files and Directories",
    "description": "To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a \u2018hidden\u2019 file. These files don\u2019t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1158"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1221",
    "name": "Template Injection",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. For example, Microsoft\u2019s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.do",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1037.004",
    "name": "RC Scripts",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by modifying RC scripts, which are executed during a Unix-like system\u2019s startup. These files allow system administrators to map and start custom services at startup for different run levels. RC scripts require root privileges to modify.\n\nAdversaries may establis",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS",
      "Linux",
      "Network Devices",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1134",
    "name": "Access Token Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify access tokens to operate under a different user or system security context to perform actions and bypass access controls. Windows uses access tokens to determine the ownership of a running process. A user can manipulate access tokens to make a running process appear as though ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1134"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1209",
    "name": "Time Providers",
    "description": "The Windows Time service (W32Time) enables time synchronization across and within domains. (Citation: Microsoft W32Time Feb 2018) W32Time time providers are responsible for retrieving time stamps from hardware/network resources and outputting these values to other network clients. (Citation: Microso",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1209"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1111",
    "name": "Multi-Factor Authentication Interception",
    "description": "Adversaries may target multi-factor authentication (MFA) mechanisms, (i.e., smart cards, token generators, etc.) to gain access to credentials that can be used to access systems, services, and network resources. Use of MFA is recommended and provides a higher level of security than usernames and pas",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1111"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1159",
    "name": "Launch Agent",
    "description": "Per Apple\u2019s developer documentation, when a user logs in, a per-user launchd process is started which loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand user agent from the property list (plist) files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchAgents</code>, <code>/Library/LaunchAgents</code>, and <code>$HOME",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1159"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.002",
    "name": "Software Packing",
    "description": "Adversaries may perform software packing or virtual machine software protection to conceal their code. Software packing is a method of compressing or encrypting an executable. Packing an executable changes the file signature in an attempt to avoid signature-based detection. Most decompression techni",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1584.007",
    "name": "Serverless",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise serverless cloud infrastructure, such as Cloudflare Workers, AWS Lambda functions, or Google Apps Scripts, that can be used during targeting. By utilizing serverless infrastructure, adversaries can make it more difficult to attribute infrastructure used during operations b",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1071.001",
    "name": "Web Protocols",
    "description": "Adversaries may communicate using application layer protocols associated with web traffic to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1059.005",
    "name": "Visual Basic",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse Visual Basic (VB) for execution. VB is a programming language created by Microsoft with interoperability with many Windows technologies such as [Component Object Model](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1559/001) and the [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.005",
    "name": "Hidden File System",
    "description": "Adversaries may use a hidden file system to conceal malicious activity from users and security tools. File systems provide a structure to store and access data from physical storage. Typically, a user engages with a file system through applications that allow them to access files and directories, wh",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1543.002",
    "name": "Systemd Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may create or modify systemd services to repeatedly execute malicious payloads as part of persistence. Systemd is a system and service manager commonly used for managing background daemon processes (also known as services) and other system resources.(Citation: Linux man-pages: systemd Ja",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1668",
    "name": "Exclusive Control",
    "description": "Adversaries who successfully compromise a system may attempt to maintain persistence by \u201cclosing the door\u201d behind them  \u2013 in other words, by preventing other threat actors from initially accessing or maintaining a foothold on the same system. \n\nFor example, adversaries may patch a vulnerable, compro",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1668"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1563.002",
    "name": "RDP Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may hijack a legitimate user\u2019s remote desktop session to move laterally within an environment. Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers ",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1563/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1136",
    "name": "Create Account",
    "description": "Adversaries may create an account to maintain access to victim systems.(Citation: Symantec WastedLocker June 2020) With a sufficient level of access, creating such accounts may be used to establish secondary credentialed access that do not require persistent remote access tools to be deployed on the",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Containers",
      "SaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1136"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.013",
    "name": "XDG Autostart Entries",
    "description": "Adversaries may add or modify XDG Autostart Entries to execute malicious programs or commands when a user\u2019s desktop environment is loaded at login. XDG Autostart entries are available for any XDG-compliant Linux system. XDG Autostart entries use Desktop Entry files (`.desktop`) to configure the user",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/013"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1584.004",
    "name": "Server",
    "description": "Adversaries may compromise third-party servers that can be used during targeting. Use of servers allows an adversary to stage, launch, and execute an operation. During post-compromise activity, adversaries may utilize servers for various tasks, including for Command and Control.(Citation: TrendMicro",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1672",
    "name": "Email Spoofing",
    "description": "Adversaries may fake, or spoof, a sender\u2019s identity by modifying the value of relevant email headers in order to establish contact with victims under false pretenses.(Citation: Proofpoint TA427 April 2024) In addition to actual email content, email headers (such as the FROM header, which contains th",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1672"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1526",
    "name": "Cloud Service Discovery",
    "description": "An adversary may attempt to enumerate the cloud services running on a system after gaining access. These methods can differ from platform-as-a-service (PaaS), to infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS), or software-as-a-service (SaaS). Many services exist throughout the various cloud providers and can in",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1526"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1204.004",
    "name": "Malicious Copy and Paste",
    "description": "An adversary may rely upon a user copying and pasting code in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to copy and paste code directly into a [Command and Scripting Interpreter](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059). One such strategy is \"ClickFix,\" in w",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1151",
    "name": "Space after Filename",
    "description": "Adversaries can hide a program's true filetype by changing the extension of a file. With certain file types (specifically this does not work with .app extensions), appending a space to the end of a filename will change how the file is processed by the operating system. For example, if there is a Mac",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1151"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1018",
    "name": "Remote System Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for Lateral Movement from the current system. Functionality could exist within remote access tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating sys",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1018"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1046",
    "name": "Network Service Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of services running on remote hosts and local network infrastructure devices, including those that may be vulnerable to remote software exploitation. Common methods to acquire this information include port, vulnerability, and/or wordlist scans using tools tha",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1046"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1590.001",
    "name": "Domain Properties",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather information about the victim's network domain(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about domains and their properties may include a variety of details, including what domain(s) the victim owns as well as administrative data (ex: name, registrar, etc.) and more dir",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1590/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1518",
    "name": "Software Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of software and software versions that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. Adversaries may use the information from [Software Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, inclu",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1518"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1538",
    "name": "Cloud Service Dashboard",
    "description": "An adversary may use a cloud service dashboard GUI with stolen credentials to gain useful information from an operational cloud environment, such as specific services, resources, and features. For example, the GCP Command Center can be used to view all assets, review findings of potential security r",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "SaaS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1538"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.005",
    "name": "Thread Local Storage",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via thread local storage (TLS) callbacks in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. TLS callback injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nTLS callbac",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1622",
    "name": "Debugger Evasion",
    "description": "Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid debuggers. Debuggers are typically used by defenders to trace and/or analyze the execution of potential malware payloads.(Citation: ProcessHacker Github)\n\nDebugger evasion may include changing behaviors based on the results of the checks for t",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1622"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1036.006",
    "name": "Space after Filename",
    "description": "Adversaries can hide a program's true filetype by changing the extension of a file. With certain file types (specifically this does not work with .app extensions), appending a space to the end of a filename will change how the file is processed by the operating system.\n\nFor example, if there is a Ma",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.007",
    "name": "Re-opened Applications",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify plist files to automatically run an application when a user logs in. When a user logs out or restarts via the macOS Graphical User Interface (GUI), a prompt is provided to the user with a checkbox to \"Reopen windows when logging back in\".(Citation: Re-Open windows on Mac) When",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1608.006",
    "name": "SEO Poisoning",
    "description": "Adversaries may poison mechanisms that influence search engine optimization (SEO) to further lure staged capabilities towards potential victims. Search engines typically display results to users based on purchased ads as well as the site\u2019s ranking/score/reputation calculated by their web crawlers an",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1608/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1550.002",
    "name": "Pass the Hash",
    "description": "Adversaries may \u201cpass the hash\u201d using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authenticat",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1052",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over Physical Medium",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to exfiltrate data via a physical medium, such as a removable drive. In certain circumstances, such as an air-gapped network compromise, exfiltration could occur via a physical medium or device introduced by a user. Such media could be an external hard drive, USB drive, cellu",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1052"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.002",
    "name": "DLL Side-Loading",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by side-loading DLLs. Similar to [DLL](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/001), side-loading involves hijacking which DLL a program loads. But rather than just planting the DLL within the search order of a program then waiting for the victi",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1105",
    "name": "Ingress Tool Transfer",
    "description": "Adversaries may transfer tools or other files from an external system into a compromised environment. Tools or files may be copied from an external adversary-controlled system to the victim network through the command and control channel or through alternate protocols such as [ftp](https://attack.mi",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1105"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1216.002",
    "name": "SyncAppvPublishingServer",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse SyncAppvPublishingServer.vbs to proxy execution of malicious [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) commands. SyncAppvPublishingServer.vbs is a Visual Basic script associated with how Windows virtualizes applications (Microsoft Application Virtualization, o",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1098.002",
    "name": "Additional Email Delegate Permissions",
    "description": "Adversaries may grant additional permission levels to maintain persistent access to an adversary-controlled email account. \n\nFor example, the <code>Add-MailboxPermission</code> [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001) cmdlet, available in on-premises Exchange and in the cloud-base",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1098/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1588.003",
    "name": "Code Signing Certificates",
    "description": "Adversaries may buy and/or steal code signing certificates that can be used during targeting. Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted. Code signing provides a level of authen",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1126",
    "name": "Network Share Connection Removal",
    "description": "Adversaries may remove share connections that are no longer useful in order to clean up traces of their operation. Windows shared drive and [Windows Admin Shares](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077) connections can be removed when no longer needed. [Net](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S003",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1126"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1648",
    "name": "Serverless Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse serverless computing, integration, and automation services to execute arbitrary code in cloud environments. Many cloud providers offer a variety of serverless resources, including compute engines, application integration services, and web servers. \n\nAdversaries may abuse these ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "SaaS",
      "IaaS",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1648"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1548.006",
    "name": "TCC Manipulation",
    "description": "Adversaries can manipulate or abuse the Transparency, Consent, & Control (TCC) service or database to grant malicious executables elevated permissions. TCC is a Privacy & Security macOS control mechanism used to determine if the running process has permission to access the data or services protected",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1548/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1084",
    "name": "Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription",
    "description": "Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) can be used to install event filters, providers, consumers, and bindings that execute code when a defined event occurs. Adversaries may use the capabilities of WMI to subscribe to an event and execute arbitrary code when that event occurs, providing persisten",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1084"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1160",
    "name": "Launch Daemon",
    "description": "Per Apple\u2019s developer documentation, when macOS and OS X boot up, launchd is run to finish system initialization. This process loads the parameters for each launch-on-demand system-level daemon from the property list (plist) files found in <code>/System/Library/LaunchDaemons</code> and <code>/Librar",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1160"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.018",
    "name": "Invisible Unicode",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse invisible or non-printing Unicode characters to conceal malicious content within files, scripts, or text. By inserting characters that do not visibly render, adversaries may hide data, alter how content is interpreted, or make malicious code appear as benign text or whitespace.",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/018"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.008",
    "name": "Ptrace System Calls",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject malicious code into processes via ptrace (process trace) system calls in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Ptrace system call injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. \n\nPtrace",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1653",
    "name": "Power Settings",
    "description": "Adversaries may impair a system's ability to hibernate, reboot, or shut down in order to extend access to infected machines. When a computer enters a dormant state, some or all software and hardware may cease to operate which can disrupt malicious activity.(Citation: Sleep, shut down, hibernate)\n\nAd",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1653"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.007",
    "name": "Dynamic API Resolution",
    "description": "Adversaries may obfuscate then dynamically resolve API functions called by their malware in order to conceal malicious functionalities and impair defensive analysis. Malware commonly uses various [Native API](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1106) functions provided by the OS to perform various ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1021.001",
    "name": "Remote Desktop Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.\n\nRemote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an inte",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1037.001",
    "name": "Logon Script (Windows)",
    "description": "Adversaries may use Windows logon scripts automatically executed at logon initialization to establish persistence. Windows allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or group of users log into a system.(Citation: TechNet Logon Scripts) This is done via adding a path to a script to the <",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1037/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.015",
    "name": "ListPlanting",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse list-view controls to inject malicious code into hijacked processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. ListPlanting is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.(Citation: Hexacorn Listplan",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/015"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1665",
    "name": "Hide Infrastructure",
    "description": "Adversaries may manipulate network traffic in order to hide and evade detection of their C2 infrastructure. This can be accomplished by identifying and filtering traffic from defensive tools,(Citation: TA571) masking malicious domains to obfuscate the true destination from both automated scanning to",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1665"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1484",
    "name": "Domain or Tenant Policy Modification",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify the configuration settings of a domain or identity tenant to evade defenses and/or escalate privileges in centrally managed environments. Such services provide a centralized means of managing identity resources such as devices and accounts, and often include configuration sett",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Identity Provider"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1484"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1220",
    "name": "XSL Script Processing",
    "description": "Adversaries may bypass application control and obscure execution of code by embedding scripts inside XSL files. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. To support complex operations, the XSL standard includes sup",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1220"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1596.005",
    "name": "Scan Databases",
    "description": "Adversaries may search within public scan databases for information about victims that can be used during targeting. Various online services continuously publish the results of Internet scans/surveys, often harvesting information such as active IP addresses, hostnames, open ports, certificates, and ",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1596/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.001",
    "name": "Hidden Files and Directories",
    "description": "Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a \u2018hidden\u2019 file. These files don\u2019t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1578.001",
    "name": "Create Snapshot",
    "description": "An adversary may create a snapshot or data backup within a cloud account to evade defenses. A snapshot is a point-in-time copy of an existing cloud compute component such as a virtual machine (VM), virtual hard drive, or volume. An adversary may leverage permissions to create a snapshot in order to ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1578/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1591.001",
    "name": "Determine Physical Locations",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather the victim's physical location(s) that can be used during targeting. Information about physical locations of a target organization may include a variety of details, including where key resources and infrastructure are housed. Physical locations may also indicate what legal jur",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1591/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1137.002",
    "name": "Office Test",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Microsoft Office \"Office Test\" Registry key to obtain persistence on a compromised system. An Office Test Registry location exists that allows a user to specify an arbitrary DLL that will be executed every time an Office application is started. This Registry key is thought ",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Office Suite"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1137/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1587",
    "name": "Develop Capabilities",
    "description": "Adversaries may build capabilities that can be used during targeting. Rather than purchasing, freely downloading, or stealing capabilities, adversaries may develop their own capabilities in-house. This is the process of identifying development requirements and building solutions such as malware, exp",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1587"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1173",
    "name": "Dynamic Data Exchange",
    "description": "Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) is a client-server protocol for one-time and/or continuous inter-process communication (IPC) between applications. Once a link is established, applications can autonomously exchange transactions consisting of strings, warm data links (notifications when a data ite",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1173"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1003.003",
    "name": "NTDS",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access or create a copy of the Active Directory domain database in order to steal credential information, as well as obtain other information about domain members such as devices, users, and access rights. By default, the NTDS file (NTDS.dit) is located in <code>%SystemRoo",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1686.001",
    "name": "Cloud Firewall",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify a firewall within a cloud environment to bypass controls that limit access to cloud resources.\n\nCloud environments typically utilize restrictive security groups and firewall rules that only allow network activity from trusted IP addresses via expected ports and prot",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1686/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1602.001",
    "name": "SNMP (MIB Dump)",
    "description": "Adversaries may target the Management Information Base (MIB) to collect and/or mine valuable information in a network managed using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).\n\nThe MIB is a configuration repository that stores variable information accessible via SNMP in the form of object identifiers",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1602/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1686",
    "name": "Disable or Modify System Firewall",
    "description": "Adversaries may disable or modify host-based or network firewalls to impair defensive mechanisms and enable further action. Once an adversary has gathered sufficient privileges, they can tamper with firewall services, policies, or rule sets to remove restrictions on inbound or outbound traffic. For ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1686"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1001.002",
    "name": "Steganography",
    "description": "Adversaries may use steganographic techniques to hide command and control traffic to make detection efforts more difficult. Steganographic techniques can be used to hide data in digital messages that are transferred between systems. This hidden information can be used for command and control of comp",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows",
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1204.001",
    "name": "Malicious Link",
    "description": "An adversary may rely upon a user clicking a malicious link in order to gain execution. Users may be subjected to social engineering to get them to click on a link that will lead to code execution. This user action will typically be observed as follow-on behavior from [Spearphishing Link](https://at",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1550.001",
    "name": "Application Access Token",
    "description": "Adversaries may use stolen application access tokens to bypass the typical authentication process and access restricted accounts, information, or services on remote systems. These tokens are typically stolen from users or services and used in lieu of login credentials.\n\nApplication access tokens are",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1550/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1547.008",
    "name": "LSASS Driver",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify or add LSASS drivers to obtain persistence on compromised systems. The Windows security subsystem is a set of components that manage and enforce the security policy for a computer or domain. The Local Security Authority (LSA) is the main component responsible for local securit",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1547/008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1569.002",
    "name": "Service Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the Windows service control manager to execute malicious commands or payloads. The Windows service control manager (<code>services.exe</code>) is an interface to manage and manipulate services.(Citation: Microsoft Service Control Manager) The service control manager is accessib",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1569/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1078.004",
    "name": "Cloud Accounts",
    "description": "Valid accounts in cloud environments may allow adversaries to perform actions to achieve Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Cloud accounts are those created and configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration of reso",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation",
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1480.001",
    "name": "Environmental Keying",
    "description": "Adversaries may environmentally key payloads or other features of malware to evade defenses and constraint execution to a specific target environment. Environmental keying uses cryptography to constrain execution or actions based on adversary supplied environment specific conditions that are expecte",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1480/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1008",
    "name": "Fallback Channels",
    "description": "Adversaries may use fallback or alternate communication channels if the primary channel is compromised or inaccessible in order to maintain reliable command and control and to avoid data transfer thresholds.",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1008"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1680",
    "name": "Local Storage Discovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may enumerate local drives, disks, and/or volumes and their attributes like total or free space and volume serial number. This can be done to prepare for ransomware-related encryption, to perform [Lateral Movement](https://attack.mitre.org/tactics/TA0109), or as a precursor to [Direct Vo",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1680"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.004",
    "name": "NTFS File Attributes",
    "description": "Adversaries may use NTFS file attributes to hide their malicious data in order to evade detection. Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 20",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1558.003",
    "name": "Kerberoasting",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse a valid Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) or sniff network traffic to obtain a ticket-granting service (TGS) ticket that may be vulnerable to [Brute Force](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1110).(Citation: Empire InvokeKerberoast Oct 2016)(Citation: AdSecurity Cracking ",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1558/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1096",
    "name": "NTFS File Attributes",
    "description": "Every New Technology File System (NTFS) formatted partition contains a Master File Table (MFT) that maintains a record for every file/directory on the partition. (Citation: SpectorOps Host-Based Jul 2017) Within MFT entries are file attributes, (Citation: Microsoft NTFS File Attributes Aug 2010) suc",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1096"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1003.006",
    "name": "DCSync",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to access credentials and other sensitive information by abusing a Windows Domain Controller's application programming interface (API)(Citation: Microsoft DRSR Dec 2017) (Citation: Microsoft GetNCCChanges) (Citation: Samba DRSUAPI) (Citation: Wine API samlib.dll) to simulate ",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1003/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1124",
    "name": "System Time Discovery",
    "description": "An adversary may gather the system time and/or time zone settings from a local or remote system. The system time is set and stored by services, such as the Windows Time Service on Windows or <code>systemsetup</code> on macOS.(Citation: MSDN System Time)(Citation: Technet Windows Time Service)(Citati",
    "tactics": [
      "discovery"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1124"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1053.002",
    "name": "At",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse the [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility to perform task scheduling for initial or recurring execution of malicious code. The [at](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0110) utility exists as an executable within Windows, Linux, and macOS for scheduling tasks at ",
    "tactics": [
      "execution",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1035",
    "name": "Service Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute a binary, command, or script via a method that interacts with Windows services, such as the Service Control Manager. This can be done by either creating a new service or modifying an existing service. This technique is the execution used in conjunction with [New Service](http",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1035"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1055.001",
    "name": "Dynamic-link Library Injection",
    "description": "Adversaries may inject dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) into processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. DLL injection is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.  \n\nDLL injection is commonly performed by writin",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1086",
    "name": "PowerShell",
    "description": "PowerShell is a powerful interactive command-line interface and scripting environment included in the Windows operating system. (Citation: TechNet PowerShell) Adversaries can use PowerShell to perform a number of actions, including discovery of information and execution of code. Examples include the",
    "tactics": [
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1086"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1588.005",
    "name": "Exploits",
    "description": "Adversaries may buy, steal, or download exploits that can be used during targeting. An exploit takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer hardware or software. Rather than developing their own exploits, an adversary may find/",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1588/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556",
    "name": "Modify Authentication Process",
    "description": "Adversaries may modify authentication mechanisms and processes to access user credentials or enable otherwise unwarranted access to accounts. The authentication process is handled by mechanisms, such as the Local Security Authentication Server (LSASS) process and the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) ",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "IaaS",
      "Identity Provider",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.017",
    "name": "Udev Rules",
    "description": "Adversaries may maintain persistence through executing malicious content triggered using udev rules. Udev is the Linux kernel device manager that dynamically manages device nodes, handles access to pseudo-device files in the `/dev` directory, and responds to hardware events, such as when external de",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/017"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1056.004",
    "name": "Credential API Hooking",
    "description": "Adversaries may hook into Windows application programming interface (API) functions and Linux system functions to collect user credentials. Malicious hooking mechanisms may capture API or function calls that include parameters that reveal user authentication credentials.(Citation: Microsoft TrojanSp",
    "tactics": [
      "collection",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1056/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1495",
    "name": "Firmware Corruption",
    "description": "Adversaries may overwrite or corrupt the flash memory contents of system BIOS or other firmware in devices attached to a system in order to render them inoperable or unable to boot, thus denying the availability to use the devices and/or the system.(Citation: Symantec Chernobyl W95.CIH) Firmware is ",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1495"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1490",
    "name": "Inhibit System Recovery",
    "description": "Adversaries may delete or remove built-in data and turn off services designed to aid in the recovery of a corrupted system to prevent recovery.(Citation: Talos Olympic Destroyer 2018)(Citation: FireEye WannaCry 2017) This may deny access to available backups and recovery options.\n\nOperating systems ",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "IaaS",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1546.007",
    "name": "Netsh Helper DLL",
    "description": "Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by Netsh Helper DLLs. Netsh.exe (also referred to as Netshell) is a command-line scripting utility used to interact with the network configuration of a system. It contains functionality to add helper DLLs for extending fu",
    "tactics": [
      "privilege-escalation",
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1566.003",
    "name": "Spearphishing via Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages via third-party services in an attempt to gain access to victim systems. Spearphishing via service is a specific variant of spearphishing. It is different from other forms of spearphishing in that it employs the use of third party services rather than dire",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1090.001",
    "name": "Internal Proxy",
    "description": "Adversaries may use an internal proxy to direct command and control traffic between two or more systems in a compromised environment. Many tools exist that enable traffic redirection through proxies or port redirection, including [HTRAN](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0040), ZXProxy, and ZXPortM",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1090/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1216",
    "name": "System Script Proxy Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may use trusted scripts, often signed with certificates, to proxy the execution of malicious files. Several Microsoft signed scripts that have been downloaded from Microsoft or are default on Windows installations can be used to proxy execution of other files.(Citation: LOLBAS Project) T",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1216"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1094",
    "name": "Custom Command and Control Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may communicate using a custom command and control protocol instead of encapsulating commands/data in an existing [Application Layer Protocol](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071). Implementations include mimicking well-known protocols or developing custom protocols (including raw ",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1094"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1102.001",
    "name": "Dead Drop Resolver",
    "description": "Adversaries may use an existing, legitimate external Web service to host information that points to additional command and control (C2) infrastructure. Adversaries may post content, known as a dead drop resolver, on Web services with embedded (and often obfuscated/encoded) domains or IP addresses. O",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1102/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1118",
    "name": "InstallUtil",
    "description": "InstallUtil is a command-line utility that allows for installation and uninstallation of resources by executing specific installer components specified in .NET binaries. (Citation: MSDN InstallUtil) InstallUtil is located in the .NET directories on a Windows system: <code>C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Fr",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1118"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1001.001",
    "name": "Junk Data",
    "description": "Adversaries may add junk data to protocols used for command and control to make detection more difficult.(Citation: FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020) By adding random or meaningless data to the protocols used for command and control, adversaries can prevent trivial methods for decoding, decip",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1001/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1598.001",
    "name": "Spearphishing Service",
    "description": "Adversaries may send spearphishing messages via third-party services to elicit sensitive information that can be used during targeting. Spearphishing for information is an attempt to trick targets into divulging information, frequently credentials or other actionable information. Spearphishing for i",
    "tactics": [
      "reconnaissance"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1598/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1043",
    "name": "Commonly Used Port",
    "description": "**This technique has been deprecated. Please use [Non-Standard Port](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1571) where appropriate.**\n\nAdversaries may communicate over a commonly used port to bypass firewalls or network detection systems and to blend with normal network activity to avoid more detaile",
    "tactics": [
      "command-and-control"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1043"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1505.006",
    "name": "vSphere Installation Bundles",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse vSphere Installation Bundles (VIBs) to establish persistent access to ESXi hypervisors. VIBs are collections of files used for software distribution and virtual system management in VMware environments. Since ESXi uses an in-memory filesystem where changes made to most files ar",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/006"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1552.007",
    "name": "Container API",
    "description": "Adversaries may gather credentials via APIs within a containers environment. APIs in these environments, such as the Docker API and Kubernetes APIs, allow a user to remotely manage their container resources and cluster components.(Citation: Docker API)(Citation: Kubernetes API)\n\nAn adversary may acc",
    "tactics": [
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/007"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1584.001",
    "name": "Domains",
    "description": "Adversaries may hijack domains and/or subdomains that can be used during targeting. Domain registration hijacking is the act of changing the registration of a domain name without the permission of the original registrant.(Citation: ICANNDomainNameHijacking) Adversaries may gain access to an email ac",
    "tactics": [
      "resource-development"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "PRE"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1584/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1505.001",
    "name": "SQL Stored Procedures",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse SQL stored procedures to establish persistent access to systems. SQL Stored Procedures are code that can be saved and reused so that database users do not waste time rewriting frequently used SQL queries. Stored procedures can be invoked via SQL statements to the database using",
    "tactics": [
      "persistence"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows",
      "Linux"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1556.004",
    "name": "Network Device Authentication",
    "description": "Adversaries may use [Patch System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/001) to hard code a password in the operating system, thus bypassing of native authentication mechanisms for local accounts on network devices.\n\n[Modify System Image](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601) may inc",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment",
      "persistence",
      "credential-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1556/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1561.001",
    "name": "Disk Content Wipe",
    "description": "Adversaries may erase the contents of storage devices on specific systems or in large numbers in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.\n\nAdversaries may partially or completely overwrite the contents of a storage device rendering the data irrecoverable through the stora",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1561/001"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1213.005",
    "name": "Messaging Applications",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage chat and messaging applications, such as Microsoft Teams, Google Chat, and Slack, to mine valuable information.  \n\nThe following is a brief list of example information that may hold potential value to an adversary and may also be found on messaging applications: \n\n* Testing ",
    "tactics": [
      "collection"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Office Suite",
      "SaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/005"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1048.003",
    "name": "Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol",
    "description": "Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.(Citation: copy_cmd_cisco)\n\nAdversaries may opt to obfu",
    "tactics": [
      "exfiltration"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1027.015",
    "name": "Compression",
    "description": "Adversaries may use compression to obfuscate their payloads or files. Compressed file formats such as ZIP, gzip, 7z, and RAR can compress and archive multiple files together to make it easier and faster to transfer files. In addition to compressing files, adversaries may also compress shellcode dire",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/015"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.004",
    "name": "Dylib Hijacking",
    "description": "Adversaries may execute their own payloads by placing a malicious dynamic library (dylib) with an expected name in a path a victim application searches at runtime. The dynamic loader will try to find the dylibs based on the sequential order of the search paths. Paths to dylibs may be prefixed with <",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/004"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1601.002",
    "name": "Downgrade System Image",
    "description": "Adversaries may install an older version of the operating system of a network device to weaken security.  Older operating system versions on network devices often have weaker encryption ciphers and, in general, fewer/less updated defensive features. (Citation: Cisco Synful Knock Evolution)\n\nOn embed",
    "tactics": [
      "defense-impairment"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Network Devices"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1601/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1684.002",
    "name": "Email Spoofing",
    "description": "Adversaries may fake, or spoof, a sender\u2019s identity by modifying the value of relevant email headers in order to establish contact with victims under false pretenses.(Citation: Proofpoint TA427 April 2024)\u00a0In addition to actual email content, email headers (such as the FROM header, which contains th",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Office Suite",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1684/002"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1078.003",
    "name": "Local Accounts",
    "description": "Adversaries may obtain and abuse credentials of a local account as a means of gaining Initial Access, Persistence, Privilege Escalation, or Defense Evasion. Local accounts are those configured by an organization for use by users, remote support, services, or for administration on a single system or ",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "persistence",
      "privilege-escalation",
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Containers",
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1669",
    "name": "Wi-Fi Networks",
    "description": "Adversaries may gain initial access to target systems by connecting to wireless networks. They may accomplish this by exploiting open Wi-Fi networks used by target devices or by accessing secured Wi-Fi networks \u2014 requiring [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) \u2014 belonging to a ",
    "tactics": [
      "initial-access"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows",
      "macOS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1669"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1211",
    "name": "Exploitation for Stealth",
    "description": "Adversaries may exploit vulnerabilities to evade detection by hiding activity, suppressing logging, or operating within trusted or unmonitored components. \n\nAdversaries may exploit a system or application vulnerability to avoid detection while maintaining access within an environment. Exploitation o",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Linux",
      "Windows",
      "macOS",
      "SaaS",
      "IaaS"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1211"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1127",
    "name": "Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution",
    "description": "Adversaries may take advantage of trusted developer utilities to proxy execution of malicious payloads. There are many utilities used for software development related tasks that can be used to execute code in various forms to assist in development, debugging, and reverse engineering.(Citation: engim",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1127"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1529",
    "name": "System Shutdown/Reboot",
    "description": "Adversaries may shutdown/reboot systems to interrupt access to, or aid in the destruction of, those systems. Operating systems may contain commands to initiate a shutdown/reboot of a machine or network device. In some cases, these commands may also be used to initiate a shutdown/reboot of a remote c",
    "tactics": [
      "impact"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "ESXi",
      "Linux",
      "macOS",
      "Network Devices",
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1529"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1218.014",
    "name": "MMC",
    "description": "Adversaries may abuse mmc.exe to proxy execution of malicious .msc files. Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a binary that may be signed by Microsoft and is used in several ways in either its GUI or in a command prompt.(Citation: win_mmc)(Citation: what_is_mmc) MMC can be used to create, open, an",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1218/014"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1564.010",
    "name": "Process Argument Spoofing",
    "description": "Adversaries may attempt to hide process command-line arguments by overwriting process memory. Process command-line arguments are stored in the process environment block (PEB), a data structure used by Windows to store various information about/used by a process. The PEB includes the process command-",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1564/010"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1077",
    "name": "Windows Admin Shares",
    "description": "Windows systems have hidden network shares that are accessible only to administrators and provide the ability for remote file copy and other administrative functions. Example network shares include <code>C$</code>, <code>ADMIN$</code>, and <code>IPC$</code>. \n\nAdversaries may use this technique in c",
    "tactics": [
      "lateral-movement"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1077"
  },
  {
    "id": "T1574.012",
    "name": "COR_PROFILER",
    "description": "Adversaries may leverage the COR_PROFILER environment variable to hijack the execution flow of programs that load the .NET CLR. The COR_PROFILER is a .NET Framework feature which allows developers to specify an unmanaged (or external of .NET) profiling DLL to be loaded into each .NET process that lo",
    "tactics": [
      "stealth",
      "execution"
    ],
    "platforms": [
      "Windows"
    ],
    "url": "https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/012"
  }
]