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Combustion instabilities are physical phenomena occurring in a reacting flow (e.g., a flame ) in which some perturbations, even very small ones, grow and then become large enough to alter the features of the flow in some particular way. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
In many practical cases, the appearance of combustion instabilit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_instability |
Combustion models for CFD refers to combustion models for computational fluid dynamics . Combustion is defined as a chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with an oxidant to form products, accompanied with the release of energy in the form of heat. Being the integral part of various engineering applications like: int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_models_for_CFD |
The combustion tap-off cycle is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine . The cycle takes a small portion of hot exhaust gas from the rocket engine's combustion chamber and routes it through turbopump turbines to pump fuel before being exhausted (similar to the gas-generator cycle ). Since fuel is exhausted, the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion_tap-off_cycle |
The single cell gel electrophoresis assay ( SCGE , also known as comet assay ) is an uncomplicated and sensitive technique for the detection of DNA damage at the level of the individual eukaryotic cell . It was first developed by Östling & Johansson in 1984 and later modified by Singh et al. in 1988. [ 1 ] It has since... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_assay |
ComfortJet is a high-speed push-pull train which is being built by Siemens Mobility and Škoda Transportation for the Czech train operator České dráhy and is planned to start operations from summer 2024. [ 1 ] Based on the Railjet , Siemens developed its Vectrain train family. It will operate at speeds of up to 230 km/h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ComfortJet |
Comfort noise (or comfort tone ) is synthetic background noise used in radio and wireless communications to fill the artificial silence in a transmission resulting from voice activity detection or from the audio clarity of modern digital lines. [ 1 ]
Some modern telephone systems (such as wireless and VoIP ) use voice... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort_noise |
The Comins' reagent is a triflyl -donating reagent that is used to synthesize vinyl triflates from the corresponding ketone enolates or dienolates. [ 1 ]
It was first reported in 1992 by Daniel Comins. [ 2 ] The vinyl triflates prepared are useful as substrates in the Suzuki reaction . [ 3 ]
This article about an org... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comins'_reagent |
The Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad ( CONABIO ; English: National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity ) is a permanent inter-ministerial commission of the Federal Mexican government , created in 1992. It has the primary purpose of coordinating, supporting and executing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comisión_Nacional_para_el_Conocimiento_y_Uso_de_la_Biodiversidad |
CommView is an application for network monitoring , packet analysis , and decoding. There are two editions of CommView: the standard edition for Ethernet networks and the wireless edition for 802.11 networks named CommView for WiFi . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The application runs on Microsoft Windows . It is developed by TamoSoft, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CommView |
A comma-free code is block code in which no concatenation of two code words contains a valid code word that overlaps both. [ 1 ]
Comma-free codes are also known as self-synchronizing block codes [ 2 ] because no synchronization is required to find the beginning of a code word.
This applied mathematics –related articl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-free_code |
A comma code is a type of prefix-free code in which a comma , a particular symbol or sequence of symbols, occurs at the end of a code word and never occurs otherwise. [ 1 ] This is an intuitive way to express arrays.
For example, Fibonacci coding is a comma code in which the comma is 11 . 11 and 1011 are valid Fibonac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma_code |
A command-line interface ( CLI ) is a means of interacting with software via commands – each formatted as a line of text. Command-line interfaces emerged in the mid-1960s, on computer terminals , as an interactive and more user-friendly alternative to the non-interactive mode available with punched cards . [ 1 ]
For a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface |
In computing , a command is an instruction received via an external interface that directs the behavior of a computer program . Commonly, commands are sent to a program via a command-line interface , a script , a network protocol , or as an event triggered in a graphical user interface .
Many commands support argument... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_(computing) |
In computer science , a command queue is a queue that determines when a command is executed, usually by order of priority or on a first-in first-out basis. Instead of waiting for each command to be executed before sending the next one, a program will put all its commands in the command queue, freeing it to perform othe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_queue |
In law, a commanding precedent is a precedent whose facts are "on all fours" with the case at hand. In other words, it almost exactly tracks it, sharing near-identical facts and issues. [ 1 ] A commanding precedent is also referred to as a "Goose" case in Louisiana ; [ 2 ] "Spotted Horse" or "Spotted Dog" cases in Alab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commanding_precedent |
Commandino's theorem , named after Federico Commandino (1509–1575), states that the four medians of a tetrahedron are concurrent at a point S , which divides them in a 3:1 ratio. In a tetrahedron a median is a line segment that connects a vertex with the centroid of the opposite face – that is, the centroid of the oppo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commandino's_theorem |
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction ( symbiosis ) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed. [ 1 ] This is in contrast with mutualism , in which both organisms benefit from each other; amensalism , where one is harmed while the other is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commensalism |
In engineering and science , dimensional analysis is the analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their base quantities (such as length , mass , time , and electric current ) and units of measurement (such as metres and grams) and tracking these dimensions as calculations or co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commensurability_(physics) |
Commercial animal cloning is the cloning of animals for commercial purposes, including animal husbandry , medical research, competition camels and horses, pet cloning, and restoring populations of endangered and extinct animals. [ 1 ] The practice was first demonstrated in 1996 with Dolly the sheep .
Moving or copying... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_animal_cloning |
Following the commercial classification of chemicals , chemicals produced by chemical industry can be divided essentially into three broad categories:
Kline matrix was presented for the first time in 1970 by Charles Howard Kline. [ 5 ] It is a more detailed classification of the previous one, that distinguished chemic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_classification_of_chemicals |
The commercial minus sign is a typographical and mathematical symbol used in commercial and financial documents in some European languages, in specific contexts. [ 1 ]
In some commercial and financial documents, especially in Germany and Scandinavia , the symbol ÷ was used to indicate subtraction or to denote a negati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_minus_sign |
Commercial Modular Buildings are code -compliant, non-residential structures that are 60% to 90% completed offsite in a factory-controlled environment. They are then transported or shipped to a final destination where the modules are then erected onto a concrete foundation to form a finished building. The word "modular... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_modular_construction |
Commercialisation or commercialization is the process of introducing a new product or production method into commerce —making it available on the market . The term often connotes especially entry into the mass market (as opposed to entry into earlier niche markets ), but it also includes a move from the laboratory into... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercialization |
Comminution is the reduction of solid materials from one average particle size to a smaller average particle size, by crushing , grinding , cutting , vibrating , or other processes. [ 1 ] Comminution is related to pulverization and grinding . All use mechanical devices, and many types of mills have been invented. Conc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comminution |
The Commission de régulation de l'énergie ( CRE , [ k ʁ ø ] [ 1 ] or French Energy Regulatory Commission under its official English title) is an independent body that regulates the French electricity and gas markets. It is a member of the European Union organisation ACER and the all-European CEER ( Council of European ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_de_régulation_de_l'énergie |
The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights ( CIAAW ) is an international scientific committee of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) under its Division of Inorganic Chemistry . [ 1 ] Since 1899, it is entrusted with periodic critical evaluation of atomic weights of chemical eleme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights |
In construction , commissioning or commissioning process (often abbreviated Cx ) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] is an integrated, systematic process to ensure, that all building systems perform interactively according to the "Design Intent", through documented verification. The commissioning process establishes and documents the "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissioning_(construction) |
A commissure ( / ˈ k ɒ m ə ʃ ər / ) is the location at which two objects abut or are joined. The term is used especially in the fields of anatomy and biology.
In biology , the meeting of the two valves of a brachiopod or clam is a commissure; in botany , the term is used to denote the place where a fern 's laterally e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commissure |
A commitment device is, according to journalist Stephen J. Dubner and economist Steven Levitt , a way to lock oneself into following a plan of action that one might not want to do, but which one knows is good for oneself. [ 1 ] In other words, a commitment device is a way to give oneself a reward or punishment to make ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commitment_device |
The committed dose in radiological protection is a measure of the stochastic health risk due to an intake of radioactive material into the human body. Stochastic in this context is defined as the probability of cancer induction and genetic damage, due to low levels of radiation. The SI unit of measure is the sievert .
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committed_dose |
Committed dose equivalent and Committed effective dose equivalent are dose quantities used in the United States system of radiological protection for irradiation due to an internal source.
CDE is defined by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission in Title 10, Section 20.1003, of the Code of Federal Regulations... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committed_dose_equivalent |
In a Frame Relay network, committed information rate ( CIR ) is the bandwidth for a virtual circuit guaranteed by an internet service provider to work under normal conditions. Committed data rate ( CDR ) is the payload portion of the CIR. [ 1 ]
At any given time, the available bandwidth should not fall below this com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committed_information_rate |
In biochemistry , the committed step (also known as the first committed step ) is an effectively irreversible , enzyme - catalyzed reaction that occurs at a branch point during the biosynthesis of some molecules . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] As the name implies, after this step , the molecules are "committed" to the pathway and will u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committed_step |
The Committee on Space Research ( COSPAR ) was established on October 3, 1958 by the International Council for Scientific Unions (ICSU) and its first chair was Hildegard Korf Kallmann-Bijl . [ 1 ] Among COSPAR's objectives are the promotion of scientific research in space on an international level, with emphasis on the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_Space_Research |
The commodification of nature is an area of research within critical environmental studies that is concerned with the ways in which natural entities and processes are made exchangeable through the market , and the implications thereof.
Drawing upon the work of Karl Marx , Karl Polanyi , James O’Connor and David Harvey... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodification_of_nature |
Commodity computing (also known as commodity cluster computing ) involves the use of large numbers of already-available computing components for parallel computing , to get the greatest amount of useful computation at low cost. [ 1 ] This is a useful alternative to high-cost superminicomputers or boutique computers. Co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity_computing |
In chemistry , the common-ion effect refers to the decrease in solubility of an ionic precipitate by the addition to the solution of a soluble compound with an ion in common with the precipitate. [ 1 ] This behaviour is a consequence of Le Chatelier's principle for the equilibrium reaction of the ionic association / di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-ion_effect |
In electronics , the common mode rejection ratio ( CMRR ) of a differential amplifier (or other device) is a metric used to quantify the ability of the device to reject common-mode signals , i.e. those that appear simultaneously and in-phase on both inputs. An ideal differential amplifier would have infinite CMRR, howe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-mode_rejection_ratio |
The Common Application Process (CAP) is a new England-wide scheme for course applications to schools and colleges after the ages of 14 and 16, via the internet.
It is used, and will be used, by schools for admission to sixth forms or GCSE courses. Each Connexions area (usually one local education authority or an educa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Application_Process |
Common Arrangement of Work Sections ( CAWS ), first published in 1987, is a construction industry working convention in the UK . It was designed to promote standardisation of, and detailed coordination between, bills of quantities and specifications . It is part of an industry-wide initiative to produce coordinated pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Arrangement_of_Work_Sections |
The Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification or CAPEC is a catalog of known cyber security attack patterns [ 1 ] to be used by cyber security professionals to prevent attacks. [ 2 ]
Originally released in 2007 by the United States Department of Homeland Security , the project began as an initiative of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Attack_Pattern_Enumeration_and_Classification |
Common Firmware Environment ( CFE ), sometimes pronounced as 'cafe', [ 1 ] is a firmware interface and bootloader developed by Broadcom for 32-bit and 64-bit system-on-a-chip systems. It is intended to be a flexible toolkit of CPU initialization and bootstrap code for use on embedded processors (typically running on MI... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Firmware_Environment |
The Common Information Model ( CIM ) is an open standard that defines how managed elements in an IT environment are represented as a common set of objects and relationships between them.
The Distributed Management Task Force maintains the CIM to allow consistent management of these managed elements, independent of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Information_Model_(computing) |
The Common Manageability Programming Interface ( CMPI , also called Common Management Programming Interface [ 1 ] ) is an open standard that defines a programming interface between a WBEM server and WBEM providers.
The CMPI standard is defined by the CMPI Working Group of The Open Group and is implementation neutral.
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Manageability_Programming_Interface |
The Common Marine Inspection Document ( CMID ) ( IMCA M 149 ) is a free to use marine inspection format provided by the International Marine Contractors Association for the inspection and audit of marine vessels involved in the offshore industry. The inspection's purpose is to establish that a particular vessel is saf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Marine_Inspection_Document |
The Common Technical Document ( CTD ) is a set of specifications for an application dossier for the registration of medicine, designed for use across Europe, Japan, the United States, and beyond. [ 1 ]
The CTD is an internationally agreed format for the preparation of applications regarding new drugs intended to be su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Technical_Document |
The Common Workflow Language ( CWL ) is a standard for describing computational data-analysis workflows. [ 1 ] Development of CWL is focused particularly on serving the data-intensive sciences, such as bioinformatics , [ 2 ] medical imaging , astronomy , physics , and chemistry .
A key goal of the CWL is to allow the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Workflow_Language |
Various radionuclides emit beta particles , high-speed electrons or positrons, through radioactive decay of their atomic nucleus. These can be used in a range of different industrial, scientific, and medical applications. This article lists some common beta-emitting radionuclides of technological importance, and their ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_beta_emitters |
Random effects
Random error
Systematic effects
Systematic error
Common and special causes are the two distinct origins of variation in a process, as defined in the statistical thinking and methods of Walter A. Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming . Briefly, "common causes", also called natural patterns , are the usual, h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cause_and_special_cause_(statistics) |
Common coding theory is a cognitive psychology theory describing how perceptual representations (e.g. of things we can see and hear) and motor representations (e.g. of hand actions) are linked. The theory claims that there is a shared representation (a common code) for both perception and action. More important, seei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_coding_theory |
Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. According to modern evolutionary biology, all living beings could be descendants of a unique ancestor commonly referred to as the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all life on Ear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_descent |
Several common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use around the world. The use of pure hydrous or anhydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines (ICEs) is only possible if the engines are designed or modified for that purpose, and used only in automobiles , light-duty trucks and motorcycles. Anhydrous ethanol can be blend... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures |
In mathematics, the common fixed point problem is the conjecture that, for any two continuous functions that map the unit interval into itself and commute under functional composition , there must be a point that is a fixed point of both functions. In other words, if the functions f {\displaystyle f} and g {\displaysty... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_fixed_point_problem |
In human anatomy , the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins . The left and right common iliac veins come together in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra , [ 1 ] forming the inferior vena cava . They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs.
Both commo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_iliac_vein |
Common knowledge is a special kind of knowledge for a group of agents . There is common knowledge of p in a group of agents G when all the agents in G know p , they all know that they know p , they all know that they all know that they know p , and so on ad infinitum . [ 1 ] It can be denoted as C G p {\displaystyle C_... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_knowledge_(logic) |
During the latter half of the 20th century, the fields of genetics and molecular biology matured greatly, significantly increasing understanding of biological heredity . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] As with other complex and evolving fields of knowledge , the public awareness of these advances has primarily been through the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_misunderstandings_of_genetics |
In biology , a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name , English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is often based ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_name |
In robotics the common normal of two non-intersecting joint axes is a line perpendicular to both axes. [ 1 ]
The common normal can be used to characterize robot arm links, by using the "common normal distance" and the angle between the link axes in a plane perpendicular to the common normal. [ 2 ] When two consecutive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_normal_(robotics) |
In programming languages , scientific calculators and similar common operator notation or operator grammar is a way to define and analyse mathematical and other formal expressions. In this model a linear sequence of tokens are divided into two classes: operators and operands.
Operands are objects upon which the operat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_operator_notation |
In electrical engineering , a common rail (shortened to COM ) is a shared path between different electrical routes in an electrical circuit . For example, a device or circuit board might have a power rail or a ground rail, which components are attached to, so all the electrical charge flowing through different componen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail_(electricity) |
Common species and uncommon species are designations used in ecology to describe the population status of a species. Commonness is closely related to abundance . Abundance refers to the frequency with which a species is found in controlled samples; in contrast, species are defined as common or uncommon based on their... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_species |
Common squirrel monkey is the traditional common name for several small squirrel monkey species native to the tropical areas of South America . The term common squirrel monkey had been used as the common name for Saimiri sciureus before genetic research by Jessica Lynch Alfaro and others indicated S. scuireus covered ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_squirrel_monkey |
The common symbiosis signaling pathway ( CSSP ) is a signaling cascade in plants that allows them to interact with symbiotic microbes. It corresponds to an ancestral pathway that plants use to interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) . It is known as "common" because different evolutionary younger symbioses als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_symbiosis_signaling_pathway |
Radionuclides which emit gamma radiation are valuable in a range of different industrial, scientific and medical technologies. This article lists some common gamma-emitting radionuclides of technological importance, and their properties.
Many artificial radionuclides of technological importance are produced as fission... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonly_used_gamma-emitting_isotopes |
The Commonwealth Engineers' Council (CEC) is a network of professional engineering institutions of the Commonwealth , established to foster cooperation and exchange of information, support the development of indigenous engineering institutions, and foster the education, training and professional development of engineer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Engineers_Council |
Communal roosting is an animal behavior where a group of individuals, typically of the same species, congregate in an area for a few hours based on an external signal and will return to the same site with the reappearance of the signal. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Environmental signals are often responsible for this grouping, includin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communal_roosting |
Communalness , as suggested by Robert A. Freitas Jr. , is a level of an emergent phenomenon which originates from electronic sentience , and represents a broader mode of thinking than just normal consciousness . While consciousness is limited to the individual, communalness describes a complex organization of numerous ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communalness |
CommunicAsia is an information and communications technology (ICT) exhibition and conference held in Singapore . The annual event has taken place since 1979 and is usually held in June. The show customarily runs concurrently with the BroadcastAsia and EnterpriseIT exhibitions and conferences, all of which are operated ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CommunicAsia |
Communicating vessels or communicating vases [ 1 ] are a set of containers containing a homogeneous fluid and connected sufficiently far below the top of the liquid: when the liquid settles, it balances out to the same level in all of the containers regardless of the shape and volume of the containers. If additional li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicating_vessels |
Communication Linking Protocol (CLP) is a communications protocol used to communicate with many devices using the Motorola ReFLEX network. CLP allows a user to direct a ReFlex capable device to send or receive messages. CLP is used by Advantra's ReFLEX devices. Advantra's ReFLEX product line was purchased by Inilex ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_Linking_Protocol |
Communication design is a mixed discipline between design and information-development concerned with how media communicate with people. A communication design approach is concerned with developing the message and aesthetics in media. It also creates new media channels to ensure the message reaches the target audience. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_design |
A communication endpoint is a type of communication network node . It is an interface exposed by a communicating party or by a communication channel . An example of the latter type of a communication endpoint is a publish–subscribe topic [ 1 ] or a group in group communication systems . [ 2 ]
This article related to t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_endpoint |
Communication physics is one of the applied branches of physics . It deals with various kinds of communication systems . [ 1 ] These can range from basic ideas such as mobile phone communication to quantum communication via quantum entanglement. [ 2 ] Communication physics is also a journal edition created in 2018 pub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_physics |
Communication software is used to provide remote access to systems and exchange files and messages in text, audio and/or video formats between different computers or users . This includes terminal emulators , file transfer programs, chat and instant messaging programs, as well as similar functionality integrated within... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_software |
A source or sender is one of the basic concepts of communication and information processing . Sources are objects which encode message data and transmit the information , via a channel , to one or more observers (or receivers ). [ citation needed ]
In the strictest sense of the word, particularly in information theor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_source |
In telecommunications , communications-electronics (C-E) is the specialized field concerned with the use of electronic devices and systems for the acquisition or acceptance, processing, storage , display, analysis, protection, disposition, and transfer of information . [ 1 ]
C-E includes the wide range of responsibili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications-electronics |
Communications Earth & Environment is a peer-reviewed , open-access , scientific journal in Earth science, environmental science and planetary science published by Nature Portfolio in 2020. The editor-in-chief is Heike Langenberg. [ 1 ] Communications Earth & Environment was created as part of the Communications journa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Earth_&_Environment |
Communications Materials is a peer-reviewed , open access , scientific journal in the field materials science published by Nature Portfolio since 2020. The chief editor is John Plummer. [ 1 ] The journal was created as one of several sub-journals to Nature Communications . [ 2 ]
The journal is abstracted and indexed i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Materials |
In telecommunications , communications blackouts are
Uptime being a key goal of most communications networks , power supplies and backup generators are typically used to ensure high-reliability power.
Wireless networks may be subject to radio jamming ; wired networks can be physically severed. Network design can als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_blackout |
Communications in Algebra is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering algebra , including commutative algebra , ring theory , module theory , non-associative algebra (including Lie algebras and Jordan algebras ), group theory , and algebraic geometry . It was established in 1974 and is published by Taylor & ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_in_Algebra |
A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunication signals via a transponder ; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth . Communications satellites are used for television , telephone , radio , int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite |
In telecommunications , communications survivability is the ability of communications systems to continue to operate effectively under adverse conditions, though portions of the system may be damaged or destroyed.
Various methods may be used to maintain communications services, such as using alternate routing , differ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_survivability |
The word communication is derived from the Latin word " Communicare " which means share". The word communication means exchanging information. Communication between who? People with people? Or machine with machine? In reality , to make the interaction between people by using devices is called communication. And to comm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_system |
Communicative planning is an approach to urban planning that gathers stakeholders and engages them in a process to make decisions together in a manner that respects the positions of all involved. [ 1 ] It is also sometimes called collaborative planning among planning practitioners or collaborative planning model.
Sinc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicative_planning |
In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis , biotic community , biological community , ecological community , or life assemblage . The term community has a variety of uses. In its si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_(ecology) |
CAMERA , or the Community Cyberinfrastructure for Advanced Microbial Ecology Research and Analysis , is an online cloud computing service that provides hosted software tools and a high-performance computing infrastructure for the analysis of metagenomic data. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The project was announced in January 2006,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Cyberinfrastructure_for_Advanced_Microbial_Ecology_Research_and_Analysis |
The Community Z Tools ( CZT ) initiative is based around a SourceForge project to build a set of tools for the Z notation , a formal method useful in software engineering . Tools include support for editing, typechecking and animating Z specifications. There is some support for extensions such as Object-Z and TCOZ . Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Z_Tools |
Community fingerprinting is a set of molecular biology techniques that can be used to quickly profile the diversity of a microbial community. Rather than directly identifying or counting individual cells in an environmental sample, these techniques show how many variants of a gene are present. In general, it is assumed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_fingerprinting |
Community genetics is a recently emerged [ citation needed ] field in biology that fuses [ clarification needed ] elements of community ecology , evolutionary biology , and molecular and quantitative genetics . Antonovics [ 1 ] first articulated the vision for such a field, and Whitham et al. [ 2 ] formalized its defin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_genetics |
Community Greens , sometimes referred to as backyard commons , urban commons , or pocket neighborhoods , are shared open green spaces on the inside of city blocks, created either when residents merge backyard space or reclaim underutilized urban land such as vacant lots and alleyways . These shared spaces are communall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_greens |
In mathematical biology , the community matrix is the linearization of a generalized Lotka–Volterra equation at an equilibrium point . [ 1 ] The eigenvalues of the community matrix determine the stability of the equilibrium point.
For example, the Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model is
where x ( t ) denotes the number... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_matrix |
Community respiration (CR) refers to the total amount of carbon-dioxide that is produced by individuals organisms in a given community , originating from the cellular respiration of organic material . CR is an important ecological index as it dictates the amount
of production for the higher trophic levels and influence... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_respiration |
Community studies is an academic field drawing on both sociology and anthropology and the social research methods of ethnography and participant observation in the study of community. In academic settings around the world, community studies is variously a sub-discipline of anthropology or sociology, or an independent d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_studies |
In mathematics , especially in linear algebra and matrix theory , the commutation matrix is used for transforming the vectorized form of a matrix into the vectorized form of its transpose . Specifically, the commutation matrix K ( m , n ) is the nm × mn permutation matrix which, for any m × n matrix A , transforms vec(... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutation_matrix |
In propositional logic , the commutativity of conjunction is a valid argument form and truth-functional tautology . It is considered to be a law of classical logic . It is the principle that the conjuncts of a logical conjunction may switch places with each other, while preserving the truth-value of the resulting propo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutativity_of_conjunction |
In mathematics , more specifically in abstract algebra , the commutator subgroup or derived subgroup of a group is the subgroup generated by all the commutators of the group. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The commutator subgroup is important because it is the smallest normal subgroup such that the quotient group of the original group b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutator_subgroup |
In polymer chemistry , a comonomer refers to a polymerizable precursor to a copolymer aside from the principal monomer . In some cases, only small amounts of a comonomer are employed, in other cases substantial amounts of comonomers are used. Furthermore, in some cases, the comonomers are statistically incorporated w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comonomer |
In standard cosmology , comoving distance and proper distance (or physical distance) are two closely related distance measures used by cosmologists to define distances between objects. Comoving distance factors out the expansion of the universe , giving a distance that does not change in time except due to local factor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoving_and_proper_distances |
CompEx (meaning Comp etency in Ex atmospheres) is a global certification scheme for electrical and mechanical craftspersons and designers working in potentially explosive atmospheres. The scheme is operated by CompEx Certification Limited since August 2021, previously knowned as JTLimited, [ 1 ] UK and is accredited by... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompEx |
The CompTox Chemicals Dashboard is a freely accessible online database created and maintained by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The database provides access to multiple types of data including physicochemical properties , environmental fate and transport, exposure, usage, in vivo toxicity, and in vitro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard |
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