date stringlengths 10 10 | nb_tokens int64 60 629k | text_size int64 234 1.02M | content stringlengths 234 1.02M |
|---|---|---|---|
2018/10/18 | 864 | 3,725 | <issue_start>username_0: Introduction
------------
Exhaustive search is a method in AI planning to find a solution for so-called Constraint Satisfaction Problems. (CSP). Those are problems that have some conditions to fulfill and the solver is trying out all the alternatives. An example CSP problem is the 8-queens pro... |
2018/10/19 | 1,739 | 6,877 | <issue_start>username_0: I've created a neural net using the ConvNetSharp library which has 3 fully connected hidden layers. The first having 35 neurons and the other two having 25 neurons each, each layer with a ReLU layer as the activation function layer.
I'm using this network for image classification - kinda. Basi... |
2018/10/19 | 940 | 3,842 | <issue_start>username_0: What are some ways to design a neural network with the restriction that the $L\_1$ norm of the output values must be less than or equal to 1? In particular, how would I go about performing back-propagation for this net?
I was thinking there must be some "penalty" method just like how in the ma... |
2018/10/21 | 715 | 3,057 | <issue_start>username_0: What is the best and easiest programming language to learn to implement genetic algorithms? C++ or Python, or any other?<issue_comment>username_1: There is no "best language" for any problem. There are too many variables to consider, even when advising a single person with a single project plan... |
2018/10/21 | 3,358 | 9,003 | <issue_start>username_0: I am trying to study the book [Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction](http://incompleteideas.net/book/bookdraft2018jan1.pdf) (Sutton & Barto, 2018). In chapter 3.1 the authors state the following exercise
>
> *Exercise 3.5* Give a table analogous to that in Example 3.3, but for $p(s',r|s,a)... |
2018/10/21 | 881 | 3,323 | <issue_start>username_0: >
> Batch size is a term used in machine learning and refers to the number of training examples utilised in one iteration. The batch size
> can be one of three options:
>
>
> 1. **batch mode**: where the batch size is equal to the total dataset thus making the iteration and epoch values equi... |
2018/10/22 | 681 | 2,858 | <issue_start>username_0: Why are we now considering neural networks to be artificial intelligence?<issue_comment>username_1: >
> Why are we now considering neural networks to be artificial intelligence?
>
>
>
"We" aren't. It is generally due to reporting by media sources that simplify science and technology news.
... |
2018/10/24 | 872 | 3,752 | <issue_start>username_0: The intelligence of the human brain is said to be a strong factor leading to human survival. The human brain functions as an overseer for many functions the organism requires. Robots can employ artificial intelligence software, just as humans employ brains.
When it comes to the human brain, we... |
2018/10/24 | 703 | 3,097 | <issue_start>username_0: Can artificial intelligence (or machine learning) applications or agents be hacked, given that they are software applications, or are all AI applications secure?<issue_comment>username_1: Everything can be hacked. The solutions found by artificial intelligence can be much more efficient than hu... |
2018/10/24 | 750 | 2,883 | <issue_start>username_0: I am training a multilayer neural network with 146 samples (97 for the training set, 20 for the validation set, and 29 for the testing set). I am using:
* automatic differentiation,
* SGD method,
* fixed learning rate + momentum term,
* logistic function,
* quadratic cost function,
* L1 and L2... |
2018/10/24 | 1,098 | 4,997 | <issue_start>username_0: I am so much curious about how do we see(with eyes ofc) and detect things and their location so quick. Is the reason that we have huge gigantic network in our brain and we are trained since birth to till now and still training.
basically I am saying , are we trained on more data and huge netwo... |
2018/10/25 | 3,977 | 16,954 | <issue_start>username_0: One of the cornerstones of The Selfish Gene (Dawkins) is the spontaneous emergence of replicators, i.e. molecules capable of replicating themselves.
Has this been modeled *in silico* in open-ended evolutionary/artificial life simulations?
Systems like Avida or Tierra explicitly **specify** th... |
2018/10/27 | 3,878 | 16,546 | <issue_start>username_0: What is the difference between learning agents and other types of agents?
In what ways learning agents can be applied? Do learning agents differ from deep learning?<issue_comment>username_1: Although difficult to prove a negative, I don't think that this has been done.
The most advanced simu... |
2018/10/28 | 1,183 | 4,991 | <issue_start>username_0: What is the difference between goal-based and utility-based agents? Please, provide a real-world example.<issue_comment>username_1: [Utility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility) is a fundamental to Artificial Intelligence because it is the means by which we evaluate an agent's performance in... |
2018/10/28 | 2,517 | 7,335 | <issue_start>username_0: In [one of his lectures](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTbxa6GsTWc&index=3&list=PLkFD6_40KJIznC9CDbVTjAF2oyt8_VAe3) Levine describes the objective of reinforcement learning as: $$J(\tau) = E\_{\tau\sim p\_\theta(\tau)}[r(\tau)]$$
where $\tau$ refers to a single trajectory and $p\_\theta(\tau)... |
2018/10/29 | 827 | 3,199 | <issue_start>username_0: How do I define a reward function for my POMDP model?
In the literature, it is common to use one simple number as a reward, but I am not sure if this is really how you define a function. Because this way you have to do define a reward for every possible action-state combination. I think that t... |
2018/10/29 | 615 | 2,483 | <issue_start>username_0: I need to be able to detect and track humans from all angles, especially above.
There are, obviously, quite a few well-studied models for human detection and tracking, usually as part of general-purpose object detection, but I haven't been able to find any information that explicitly works for... |
2018/10/30 | 581 | 2,452 | <issue_start>username_0: How much can the addition of new features improve the performance of the model during the optimization process?
Let's say I have a total of 10 features. Suppose I start the optimisation process using only 3 features.
Can the addition of the 7 remaining ones improve the performance of the mode... |
2018/10/31 | 293 | 1,254 | <issue_start>username_0: I am building 2 models using XGboost, one with x number of parameters and the other with y number of parameters of the data set.
It is a classification problem.
A yes-yes, no-no case is easy, but what should I do when one model predicts a yes and the other model predicts a no ?
Model A with x... |
2018/11/01 | 384 | 1,540 | <issue_start>username_0: I have trained a convolutional neural network on images to detect emotions. Now I need to use the same network to extract features from the images and use them to train an LSTM. The problem is: the dimensions of the top layers are: `[None, 4, 4, 512]` or `[None, 4, 4, 1024]`. Therefore, extract... |
2018/11/02 | 227 | 1,021 | <issue_start>username_0: When should the iterative deepening search (IDS), also called iterative deepening depth-first search (IDDFS), and the depth-limited search be used?<issue_comment>username_1: Given only the fact that model A has a higher accuracy than model B you should just use model A. More information on the ... |
2018/11/02 | 1,588 | 6,314 | <issue_start>username_0: I am working on a project for price movement forecasting and I am stuck with poor quality predictions.
At every time-step I am using an LSTM to predict the next 10 time-steps. The input is the sequence of the last 45-60 observations. I tested several different ideas, but they all seems to give... |
2018/11/05 | 781 | 2,992 | <issue_start>username_0: What are the differences in scope between statistical AI and [classical AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_artificial_intelligence)?
Real-world examples would be appreciated.<issue_comment>username_1: **Statistical AI**, arising from machine learning, tends to be more concerned with *i... |
2018/11/08 | 2,012 | 6,694 | <issue_start>username_0: The field of AI has expanded profoundly in recent years, as has public awareness and interest. This includes the arts, where fiction about AI has been popular since at least Isaac Asimov. Films on various subjects can be good teaching aids, especially for younger students, but it can be difficu... |
2018/11/08 | 1,905 | 7,613 | <issue_start>username_0: I'm aware of those AI systems that can play games and neural networks that can identify pictures.
But are they really thinking? Do they think like humans? Do they have consciousness? Or are they just obeying a bunch of codes?
For example, when an AI learns to play Pacman, is it really learnin... |
2018/11/09 | 1,193 | 4,754 | <issue_start>username_0: We seem to be experiencing an AI revolution, spurring advancement in many fields.
Please explain, at a high level, the uses of artificial intelligence and why we might need it.<issue_comment>username_1: The question, "Why do we need artificial intelligence?" is quite to the point. Technically,... |
2018/11/09 | 602 | 2,468 | <issue_start>username_0: I observed in several papers that the variational autoencoder's output is blurred, while GANs output is crisp and has sharp edges.
Can someone please give some intuition why that is the case? I did think a lot but couldn't find any logic.<issue_comment>username_1: In essence, Variational Autoe... |
2018/11/10 | 630 | 2,712 | <issue_start>username_0: Do GANs come under supervised learning or unsupervised learning?
My guess is that they come under supervised learning, as we have labeled dataset of images, but I am not sure as there might be other aspects in GANs which might come into play in the determination of the class of algorithms GAN ... |
2018/11/10 | 1,558 | 5,792 | <issue_start>username_0: What are the differences between the A\* algorithm and the greedy best-first search algorithm? Which one should I use? Which algorithm is the better one, and why?<issue_comment>username_1: According to the book [Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach](http://aima.cs.berkeley.edu/) (3rd edit... |
2018/11/11 | 533 | 2,385 | <issue_start>username_0: How are artificial neural networks different from normal computer programs (or software)?<issue_comment>username_1: ANNs learn and adapt to the patterns inside inputs, however, general PCs don't. PCs take the process as input and provide results based on user preferences, but never adapt i.e., ... |
2018/11/13 | 787 | 2,852 | <issue_start>username_0: I found the below image of how a CNN works
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/I5nj1.png)
But I don't really understand it. I think I do understand CNNs, but I find this diagram very confusing.
My simplified understanding:
* Features are selected
* C... |
2018/11/13 | 2,782 | 11,154 | <issue_start>username_0: What is the actual learning algorithm: back-propagation or gradient descent (or, in general, the optimization algorithm)?
I am reading through chapter 8 of Parallel Distributed Processing hand book and the title of the chapter is "Learning internal representation by error propagation" by PDP r... |
2018/11/15 | 971 | 3,428 | <issue_start>username_0: I have three equations that relates five variables *{a, b, c, r, s}* with a sum and two ratios.
```
Eq. 1: a = b + c;
Eq. 2: s = b / a;
Eq. 3: r = b / c.
```
Given two values for any of the five variables I get a solution. But, this is not the automation problem I want to solve.
I can have... |
2018/11/15 | 1,025 | 4,069 | <issue_start>username_0: What are the limitations of the *hill climbing algorithm*? How can we overcome these limitations?<issue_comment>username_1: [Hill climbing](https://github.com/aimacode/aima-pseudocode/blob/master/md/Hill-Climbing.md) is not an algorithm, but a family of "local search" algorithms. Specific algor... |
2018/11/16 | 1,140 | 4,618 | <issue_start>username_0: Let's say there are two types of cancer(Type 1 and Type 2). Say we want to see if one of pour friends has cancer Type 1 or 2. We can treat this as a classification problem. But what if we use unsupervised learning (clustering) to separate the data into to 2 different groups and see each whether... |
2018/11/17 | 865 | 3,649 | <issue_start>username_0: I'm new to machine learning. I was watching a Prof. <NAME>'s video about gradient descent from the machine learning online course. It said that we want our cost function (in this case, the *mean squared error*) to have the minimum value, but that minimum value shown in the graph was not 0. It w... |
2018/11/20 | 881 | 3,539 | <issue_start>username_0: In the context of *evolutionary computation*, in particular *genetic algorithms*, there are two stochastic operations "mutation" and "crossover". What are the differences between them?<issue_comment>username_1: The **mutation** is an operation that is applied to a single individual in the popul... |
2018/11/21 | 2,239 | 10,036 | <issue_start>username_0: In the exercise [Exercise 3: Multivariate Linear Regression](http://openclassroom.stanford.edu/MainFolder/DocumentPage.php?course=MachineLearning&doc=exercises/ex3/ex3.html), by <NAME>, the author suggests to "scale both types of inputs by their standard deviations and set their means to zero".... |
2018/11/22 | 1,950 | 9,278 | <issue_start>username_0: In genetic algorithms, a function called "fitness" (or "evaluation") function is used to determine the "fitness" of the chromosomes. Creating a good fitness function is one of the challenging tasks in genetic algorithms. How would you create a good fitness function?<issue_comment>username_1: No... |
2018/11/22 | 328 | 1,324 | <issue_start>username_0: In evolutionary computation and, in particular, in the context of genetic algorithms, there is the concept of a [*fitness function*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness_function). The better a state, the greater the value of the fitness function for that state.
What would be a good fitness f... |
2018/11/24 | 885 | 3,153 | <issue_start>username_0: I am a new learner in NLP. I am interested in the sentence generating task. As far as I am concerned, one state-of-the-art method is the [CharRNN](https://github.com/karpathy/char-rnn), which uses RNN to generate a sequence of words.
However, [BERT](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805) has come o... |
2018/11/27 | 2,443 | 9,239 | <issue_start>username_0: Advantage Actor-Critic algorithm may use the following expression to get 1-step estimate of the advantage:
$ A(s\_t,a\_t) = r(s\_t, a\_t) + \gamma V(s\_{t+1}) (1 - done\_{t+1}) - V(s\_t) $
where $done\_{t+1}=1$ if $s\_{t+1}$ is a terminal state (end of the episode) and $0$ otherwise.
Suppose... |
2018/11/28 | 3,630 | 16,267 | <issue_start>username_0: I'm working on stock price prediction and automatic or semi-automatic control of trading. The price trends of these stocks exhibit recurring patterns that may be exploited. My dataset is currently small, only in the thousands of points. There are no images or very high dimensional inputs at all... |
2018/11/28 | 259 | 1,166 | <issue_start>username_0: If my algorithm detects the type of object, how should I know if that object is moving or not? Suppose a person carrying an umbrella. How to know that the umbrella is moving?
I am working on a project where I want to know whether that particular object belongs to the person entering inside the... |
2018/11/28 | 267 | 1,103 | <issue_start>username_0: Why do we apply the mutation operation after generating the offspring, in genetic algorithms?<issue_comment>username_1: The mutation operation is (usually) needed to introduce new genes not found in the population.
For example, suppose that you have 4 possible genes $A$, $B$, $C$, and $D$, and... |
2018/11/30 | 701 | 2,645 | <issue_start>username_0: I am having a video feed with multiple faces in it. I need to detect each face and the gender as well and assign the gender against each person. I am not sure how to uniquely identify a face as Face1 and Face2 etc. I do not need to know their names, just need to track a person in the entire vid... |
2018/11/30 | 375 | 1,588 | <issue_start>username_0: For which problems are Genetic Algorithms more suitable than Particle Swarm Optimization, and vice-versa? Are there any guidelines?<issue_comment>username_1: These kind of questions cannot be answered without looking at a particular project. Each algorithm has its particular strengths and weakn... |
2018/12/01 | 1,921 | 7,173 | <issue_start>username_0: Biology is used in AI terminology. What are the reasons? What does biology have to do with AI? For instance, why is the genetic algorithm used in AI? Does it fully belong to biology?<issue_comment>username_1: Biological organisms (such as animals or plants) are the main examples of *intelligent... |
2018/12/02 | 481 | 1,930 | <issue_start>username_0: Can the same input for a plain neural network be used for CNNs? Or does the input matrix need to be structured in a different way for CNNs compared to regular NNs?<issue_comment>username_1: * Neural networks generally deal with 1 D data. For example, the data for a NN would be ( 10 , 12 ) , whe... |
2018/12/02 | 1,758 | 7,956 | <issue_start>username_0: Modular/Multiple Neural networks (MNNs) revolve around training smaller, independent networks that can feed into each other or another higher network.
In principle, the hierarchical organization could allow us to make sense of more complex problem spaces and reach a higher functionality, but i... |
2018/12/03 | 943 | 3,807 | <issue_start>username_0: We have convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks for analyzing, respectively, images and sequential data.
Now, suppose I want to approximate the unknown function $f(x,y) = \sin(2\pi x)\sin(2\pi y)$, with domain $\Omega = [0,1]\times [0,1]$, that is, $x$ and $y$ can be betwee... |
2018/12/04 | 521 | 1,826 | <issue_start>username_0: We have a series of data and we want to label the parts of each series. As we do not have any training data, we could try to use *active learning* as a solution, but the problem is that our classifier is something like RNN which needs a lot of data to be trained. Hence, we have a problem in con... |
2018/12/06 | 1,228 | 5,118 | <issue_start>username_0: I am wondering how the output of randomly initialized MLPs and ConvNets behave with respect to their inputs. Can anyone point to some analysis or explanation of this?
I am curious about this because in the [Random Network Distillation work from OpenAI](https://blog.openai.com/reinforcement-lea... |
2018/12/06 | 1,255 | 5,307 | <issue_start>username_0: I am preparing to perform research comparing the performance of two different systems that probabilistically generate the next word of an input sentence.
For example, given the word 'the', a system might output 'car', or any other word. Given the input 'the round yellow', a system might output... |
2018/12/06 | 1,651 | 6,357 | <issue_start>username_0: Can Machine Learning be applied to decipher the script of **lost** ancient languages (namely, languages that were being used many years ago, but currently are not used in human societies and have been forgotten, e.g. [Avestan language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avestan))?
If yes, is there ... |
2018/12/08 | 4,158 | 10,356 | <issue_start>username_0: In section 7.1 (about the n-step bootstrapping) of the book *Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction* (2nd edition), by <NAME> and <NAME>, the authors write about what they call the "n-step return error reduction property":
[]... |
2018/12/08 | 3,777 | 9,350 | <issue_start>username_0: Speech is a major primary mechanism of communication between humans. With respect to artificial intelligence, which signal is used to identify the sequence of words in speech?<issue_comment>username_1: Let's start by looking at:
$$\max\_s \Bigl\lvert \mathbb{E}\_{\pi} \left[ G\_{t:t+n} \mid S\... |
2018/12/08 | 2,508 | 6,711 | <issue_start>username_0: Consider a perceptron where $w\_0=1$ and $w\_1=1$:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eBSki.jpg)
Now, suppose that we use the following activation function
\begin{align}
f(x)=
\begin{cases}
1, \text{ if }x =1\\
0, \text{ otherwise}
\end{cases}
\end... |
2018/12/08 | 806 | 3,102 | <issue_start>username_0: I'm trying to train a Siamese network to check if two images are similar. My implementation is based on [this](https://leimao.github.io/article/Siamese-Network-MNIST/). I find the Euclidian distance of the feature vectors(the final flattened layer of my CNN) of my two images and train the model... |
2018/12/09 | 805 | 3,051 | <issue_start>username_0: What is the difference between additive and discounted rewards?<issue_comment>username_1: Discounted reward has its opposite undiscounted reward. The difference between *these* is that discounted has multiplier gamma != 1 and undiscounted is gamma = 1. Gamma tells the multiplier, how much previ... |
2018/12/10 | 1,057 | 4,160 | <issue_start>username_0: [Karel the robot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_(programming_language)) is an education software comparable to turtle graphics to teach programming for beginners. It's a virtual stack-based interpreter to run a domain-specific language for moving a robot in a maze. In its vanilla version,... |
2018/12/11 | 1,953 | 7,361 | <issue_start>username_0: In AIMA, 3rd Edition on Page 125, Simulated Annealing is described as:
>
> Hill-climbing algorithm that *never* makes “downhill” moves toward states with lower value (or higher cost) is guaranteed to be incomplete, because it can get stuck on a local maximum. In contrast, a purely random walk... |
2018/12/12 | 1,329 | 4,657 | <issue_start>username_0: What kind of problems is simulated annealing better suited for compared to genetic algorithms?
From my experience, genetic algorithms seem to perform better than simulated annealing for most problems.<issue_comment>username_1: Simulated annealing algorithms are generally better at solving maze... |
2018/12/12 | 2,298 | 9,113 | <issue_start>username_0: This question is about **Reinforcement Learning** and **variable action spaces for every/some states**.
### Variable action space
Let's say you have an MDP, where the number of actions varies between states (for example like in Figure 1 or Figure 2). We can express a variable action space for... |
2018/12/13 | 880 | 3,776 | <issue_start>username_0: When adding dropout to a neural network, we are randomly removing a fraction of the connections (setting those weights to zero for that specific weight update iteration). If the dropout probability is $p$, then we are effectively training with a neural network of size $(1−p)N$, where $N$ is the... |
2018/12/14 | 1,406 | 6,109 | <issue_start>username_0: I've been re-reading the [Wikipedia article on the Chinese Room argument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room) and I'm... actually quite unimpressed by it. It seems to me to be largely a semantic issue involving the conflation of various meanings of the word "understand". Of course, sinc... |
2018/12/15 | 586 | 2,440 | <issue_start>username_0: I'm completely new at ML, but really interested. To be honest, read many articles about it, but still don't understand the workings of it.
I just started to understand this example: <https://storage.googleapis.com/tfjs-examples/mnist/dist/index.html>
My thinking about it is that TF has some r... |
2018/12/16 | 925 | 3,999 | <issue_start>username_0: I have multiple pictures that look exactly like the one below this text. I'm trying to train `CNN` to read the digits for me. Problem is isolating the digits. They could be written in any shape, way, and position that person who is writing them wanted to. I thought of maybe training another `CN... |
2018/12/16 | 1,132 | 4,125 | <issue_start>username_0: I've been reading up on how NEAT (Neuro Evolution of Augmenting Topologies) works and I've got the main idea of it, but one thing that's been bothering me is how you split the different networks into species. I've gone through the algorithm but it doesn't make a lot of sense to me and the paper... |
2018/12/17 | 468 | 2,094 | <issue_start>username_0: If I got well the idea of dropout, it allows improving the sparsity of the information that comes from one layer to another by setting some weights to zero.
On the other hand, pooling, let's say max-pooling, takes the maximum value in a neighborhood, reducing as well to zero, the influence of ... |
2018/12/18 | 759 | 2,844 | <issue_start>username_0: I've been given an assignment to create a neural network that will suggest a Croatian word for a word given in any other European language (out of those found [here](https://www.indifferentlanguages.com/words/beer)). The words are limited to drinks you can find on a bar menu.
I've looked at ma... |
2018/12/18 | 2,030 | 7,654 | <issue_start>username_0: I am learning Reinforcement Learning from the lectures from <NAME>. I finished lecture 6 and went on to try SARSA with linear function approximator for MountainCar-v0 environment from OpenAI.
A brief explanation of the MountainCar-v0 environment. The state is denoted by two features, position,... |
2018/12/18 | 959 | 3,890 | <issue_start>username_0: Once a book is published in a language, why can't the publishers use Google Translate AI or some similar software to immediately render the book in other languages? Likewise for Wikipedia: I'm not sure I understand why we need editors for each language. Can't the English Wikipedia be automatica... |
2018/12/19 | 758 | 3,333 | <issue_start>username_0: In short, imitation learning means learning from the experts. Suppose I have a dataset with labels based on the actions of experts. I use a simple binary classifier algorithm to assess whether it is good expert action or bad expert action.
How is this binary classification different from imita... |
2018/12/20 | 2,257 | 5,636 | <issue_start>username_0: In the policy gradient method, there's a trick to reduce the variance of policy gradient. We use causality, and remove part of the sum over rewards so that only actions happened after the reward are taken into account (See here <http://rail.eecs.berkeley.edu/deeprlcourse/static/slides/lec-5.pdf... |
2018/12/20 | 1,454 | 6,688 | <issue_start>username_0: Problem: Fraud detection
Task : classifying transactions as either fraud/ Non-fraud using GAN<issue_comment>username_1: Yes, although the traditional technique is to use Anomaly Detection for this sort of problem. The reason for that is that the space of possible frauds is very much larger than... |
2018/12/21 | 633 | 2,310 | <issue_start>username_0: This question was asked in an AI exam. How would you answer such question?<issue_comment>username_1: If the game is not [sequential](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_game), there would be no game tree and no need for pruning. Alpha-beta is a technique applied to look-ahead search. Alpha... |
2018/12/23 | 792 | 2,863 | <issue_start>username_0: I have a steady hex-map and turn-based wargame featuring WWII carrier battles.
On a given turn, a player may choose to perform a large number of actions. Actions can be of many different types, and some actions may be performed independently of each other while others have dependencies. For ex... |
2018/12/25 | 759 | 2,978 | <issue_start>username_0: How can I use a 2-dimensional feature matrix, rather than a feature vector, as the input to a neural network?
For a WWII naval wargame, I have sorted out the features of interest to approximate the game state $S$ at a given time $t$.
* they are a maximum of 50 naval task forces and airbases o... |
2018/12/26 | 1,329 | 4,913 | <issue_start>username_0: I am a novice developer in AI. Any help appropriated.
I have a set of images and from that I want to predict position(x,y co-ordinates) of the Ball.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bXjN9.jpg)
Thanks in advance.<issue_comment>use... |
2018/12/27 | 2,755 | 8,912 | <issue_start>username_0: **Description**
I have designed this robot in URDF format and its environment in pybullet. Each leg has a minimum and maximum value of movement.
What reinforcement algorithm will be best to create a walking policy in a simple environment in which a positive reward will be given if it walks i... |
2018/12/28 | 3,957 | 16,767 | <issue_start>username_0: I've inherited a neural network project at the company I work for. The person who developed gave me some very basic training to get up and running. I've maintained it for a while. The current neural network is able to classify messages for telcos: it can send them to support people in different... |
2018/12/29 | 1,637 | 6,527 | <issue_start>username_0: I have been reading a few papers ([paper1](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S003132030000114X), [paper2](https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.2474)) on stereo matching using genetic algorithms. I understand how genetic algorithms work in general and how stereo matching works, but I d... |
2018/12/30 | 1,415 | 5,892 | <issue_start>username_0: I am trying to understand what channels mean in convolutional neural networks. When working with grayscale and colored images, I understand that the number of channels is set to 1 and 3 (in the first conv layer), respectively, where 3 corresponds to red, green, and blue.
Say you have a colored... |
2018/12/31 | 244 | 1,067 | <issue_start>username_0: If deep learning is a black box, then why are companies still investing in it?<issue_comment>username_1: Easy answer: **utility**.
The strength and applicability of "black box" NNs has been regularly validated in the past few years, and business is concerned with results. *(i.e. they don't car... |
2018/12/31 | 938 | 3,516 | <issue_start>username_0: I'm reading this really interesting article [CycleGAN, a Master of Steganography](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1712.02950.pdf). I understand everything up until this paragraph:
>
> we may view the CycleGAN training procedure as continually mounting an **adversarial attack** on $G$, by optimizing a g... |
2019/01/03 | 1,399 | 5,915 | <issue_start>username_0: I understand the minimax algorithm, but I am unable to understand deeply the minimax algorithm with alpha-beta pruning, even after having looked up several sources (on the web) and having tried to read the algorithm and understand how it works.
Do you have a good source that explains alpha-bet... |
2019/01/03 | 1,373 | 5,165 | <issue_start>username_0: In [the DQN paper](https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/dqn/DQNNaturePaper.pdf), it is written that the state-space is high dimensional. I am a little bit confused about this terminology.
Suppose my state is a high dimensional vector of length $N$, where $N$ is a huge number. Let's sa... |
2019/01/03 | 1,611 | 6,958 | <issue_start>username_0: This is a question related to [Neural network to detect "spam"?](https://ai.stackexchange.com/questions/9725/neural-network-to-detect-spam).
I'm wondering how it would be possible to handle the emotion conveyed in text. In informal writing, especially among a juvenile audience, it's usual to f... |
2019/01/04 | 794 | 3,286 | <issue_start>username_0: What are the strengths of the Hierarchical Temporal Memory model compared to competing models such as 'traditional' Neural Networks as used in deep learning? And for those strengths are there other available models that aren't as bogged down by patents?<issue_comment>username_1: IMO, the greate... |
2019/01/04 | 2,035 | 7,986 | <issue_start>username_0: After reading an excellent BLOG post [**Deep Reinforcement Learning: Pong from Pixels**](http://karpathy.github.io/2016/05/31/rl/) and playing with the code a little, I've tried to do something simple: use the same code to train a logical XOR gate.
But no matter how I've tuned hyperparameters,... |
2019/01/07 | 1,968 | 7,775 | <issue_start>username_0: I'm trying to understand how the dimensions of the feature maps produced by the convolution are determined in a ConvNet.
Let's take, for instance, the VGG-16 architecture. How do I get from 224x224x3 to 112x112x64? (The 112 is understandable, it's the last part I don't get)
I thought the CNN ... |
2019/01/08 | 2,972 | 13,556 | <issue_start>username_0: Is "emotion" ever used in AI?
Psychologists have a lot to say about emotion and it's functional utility for survival - but I've never seen any AI research that uses something resembling "emotion" inside an algorithm. (Yes, there's some work done on trying to classify human emotions, called "em... |
2019/01/09 | 1,217 | 5,110 | <issue_start>username_0: When trying to map artificial neuronal models to biological facts it was not possible to find an answer regarding the **biological justification** of randomly initializing the weights.
Perhaps this is not yet known from our current understanding of biological neurons?<issue_comment>username_1:... |
2019/01/09 | 1,930 | 6,884 | <issue_start>username_0: I'm doing a research on a finite-horizon Markov decision process with $t=1, \dots, 40$ periods. In every time step $t$, the (only) agent has to chose an action $a(t) \in A(t)$, while the agent is in state $s(t) \in S(t)$. The chosen action $a(t)$ in state $s(t)$ affects the transition to the fo... |
2019/01/09 | 1,272 | 4,805 | <issue_start>username_0: In the book [Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction (2nd edition)](http://incompleteideas.net/book/RLbook2020.pdf) Sutton and Barto define at [page 104 (p. 126 of the pdf), equation (5.3),](http://incompleteideas.net/book/RLbook2020.pdf#page=126) the importance sampling ratio, $\rho \_{t:T-1}$... |
2019/01/10 | 1,427 | 5,791 | <issue_start>username_0: Disclaimer: I'm not a student in computer science and most of my knowledge about ML/NN comes from YouTube, so please bear with me!
---
Let's say we have a classification neural network, that takes some input data $w, x, y, z$, and has some number of output neurons. I like to think about a cla... |
2019/01/11 | 2,407 | 8,537 | <issue_start>username_0: I have checked out many methods and papers, like YOLO, SSD, etc., with good results in detecting a rectangular box around an object, However, I could not find any paper that shows a method that learns a rotated bounding box.
Is it difficult to learn the rotated bounding box for a (rotated) obj... |
2019/01/11 | 705 | 3,142 | <issue_start>username_0: If I'm performing a text classification task using a model built in Keras, and, for example, I am attempting to predict the appropriate tag for a given Stack Overflow question:
>
> How do I subtract 1 from an integer?
>
>
>
And the ground-truth tag for this question is:
>
> [objective-c... |
2019/01/12 | 555 | 2,393 | <issue_start>username_0: Some examples of low-variance machine learning algorithms include linear regression, linear discriminant analysis, and logistic regression.
Examples of high-variance machine learning algorithms include decision trees, k-nearest neighbors, and support vector machines.
**Source:**
[![](https:/... |