Datasets:
docs: add 3 published papers to citations
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README.md
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- audio-classification
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---
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# Micro-Doppler Signatures
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# Micro-Doppler Signatures - Helicopter Classification Dataset
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Synthetic IQ-sampled radar returns from three helicopter types, generated using a physics-based sinc micro-Doppler scattering model. Designed for benchmarking ML classifiers on rotating-blade target identification.
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Each row is one 0.5-second radar observation window at 1 kHz sampling rate (500 complex IQ samples per window), flattened as real and imaginary columns.
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### Target classes
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| Label | Helicopter | Blades | Rotor RPM | Blade length |
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### Signal model
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The micro-Doppler return from the k-th blade is modelled as
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## Column Schema
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velocity_ms - float bulk target radial velocity (-50 to +50 m/s)
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```
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## Intended Use
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- Benchmarking classical and deep learning classifiers on radar micro-Doppler data
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- Code, notebooks, and full experimental pipeline:
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- **[bukac82/radar-microdoppler-ai](https://github.com/bukac82/radar-microdoppler-ai)**
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- ## Citation
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- audio-classification
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---
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# Micro-Doppler Signatures - Helicopter Classification Dataset
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Synthetic IQ-sampled radar returns from three helicopter types, generated using a physics-based sinc micro-Doppler scattering model. Designed for benchmarking ML classifiers on rotating-blade target identification.
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Each row is one 0.5-second radar observation window at 1 kHz sampling rate (500 complex IQ samples per window), flattened as real and imaginary columns.
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### Target classes
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| Label | Helicopter | Blades | Rotor RPM | Blade length |
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### Signal model
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The micro-Doppler return from the k-th blade is modelled as:
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$$s_k(t) = L \cdot \text{sinc}\!\left(\frac{2L}{\lambda}\cos\phi_k\cos\beta\right) \exp\!\left(j\frac{4\pi L}{\lambda}\cos\phi_k\cos\beta\right)$$
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where phi_k(t) = omega*t + theta_0 + 2*pi*k/N_b is the instantaneous blade phase, L is blade half-length, lambda is radar wavelength, and beta is the elevation angle. AWGN is added to reach the target SNR.
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## Column Schema
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velocity_ms - float bulk target radial velocity (-50 to +50 m/s)
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```
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## Intended Use
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- Benchmarking classical and deep learning classifiers on radar micro-Doppler data
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- Code, notebooks, and full experimental pipeline:
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- **[bukac82/radar-microdoppler-ai](https://github.com/bukac82/radar-microdoppler-ai)**
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- ## Citation
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- If you use this dataset in your research, please cite the dataset/software repository and/or the relevant papers below.
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- ### Dataset & Software Repository
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- ```bibtex
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@software{agnihotri2026microdoppler,
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author = {Agnihotri, Vikas},
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title = {Radar Micro-Doppler AI: End-to-End Helicopter Classification},
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year = {2026},
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url = {https://github.com/bukac82/radar-microdoppler-ai}
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}
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```
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### Related Papers
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**Quantum ML on NISQ Hardware:**
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```bibtex
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@article{agnihotri2026quantum,
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author = {Agnihotri, Vikas and Kaur, Jasleen and Kaushik, Sarvagya},
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title = {Practical Evaluation of Quantum Kernel Methods for Radar
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Micro-Doppler Classification on Noisy Intermediate-Scale
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Quantum ({NISQ}) Hardware},
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journal = {arXiv preprint},
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volume = {arXiv:2601.22194},
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year = {2026},
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url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22194}
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}
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```
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**Radar-Based ATR Framework (foundational SVM/signal model):**
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```bibtex
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@article{agnihotri2020radar,
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author = {Agnihotri, Vikas and Sabharwal, Munish},
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title = {An Automatic Radar Based Aerial Target Recognition Framework},
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journal = {Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics},
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volume = {23},
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number = {2},
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pages = {321--333},
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year = {2020},
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doi = {10.1080/09720502.2020.1737377},
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url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2020.1737377}
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}
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```
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**Frequency Effects on Micro-Doppler (underpins extended dataset design):**
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{agnihotri2019frequency,
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author = {Agnihotri, Vikas and Sabharwal, Munish and Goyal, Vinay},
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title = {Effect of Frequency on Micro-Doppler Signatures of a Helicopter},
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booktitle = {2019 International Conference on Advances in Big Data,
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Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD)},
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year = {2019},
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doi = {10.1109/ICABCD.2019.8851024},
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url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICABCD.2019.8851024}
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}
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```
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## License
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MIT - free to use for research and commercial purposes with attribution.
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