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http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Julia
Julia
function extendedsqrt(x) try sqrt(x) catch if x isa Number sqrt(complex(x, 0)) else throw(DomainError()) end end end   @show extendedsqrt(1) # 1 @show extendedsqrt(-1) # 0.0 + 1.0im @show extendedsqrt('x') # ERROR: DomainError
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Kotlin
Kotlin
// version 1.0.6   // In Kotlin all Exception classes derive from Throwable and, by convention, end with the word 'Exception' class MyException (override val message: String?): Throwable(message)   fun foo() { throw MyException("Bad foo!") }   fun goo() { try { foo() } catch (me: MyException) {...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#FreeBASIC
FreeBASIC
' FB 1.05.0 Win64   Shell "dir" Sleep
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#Frink
Frink
r = callJava["java.lang.Runtime", "getRuntime"] println[read[r.exec["dir"].getInputStream[]]]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#FunL
FunL
import sys.execute   execute( if $os.startsWith('Windows') then 'dir' else 'ls' )
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Factorial
Factorial
Definitions   The factorial of   0   (zero)   is defined as being   1   (unity).   The   Factorial Function   of a positive integer,   n,   is defined as the product of the sequence: n,   n-1,   n-2,   ...   1 Task Write a function to return the factorial of a number. Solutions can be iterat...
#ATS
ATS
  fun fact ( n: int ) : int = res where { var n: int = n var res: int = 1 val () = while (n > 0) (res := res * n; n := n - 1) }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exponentiation_operator
Exponentiation operator
Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedure) overloading, then an ov...
#Modula-2
Modula-2
  (* Library Interface *) DEFINITION MODULE Exponentiation;   PROCEDURE IntExp(base, exp : INTEGER) : INTEGER; (* Raises base to the power of exp and returns the result both base and exp must be of type INTEGER *)   PROCEDURE RealExp(base : REAL; exp : INTEGER) : REAL; (* Raises base to the power of exp and retur...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language
Extend your language
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Some programming languages allow you to extend the language. While this can be done to a certain degree in most languages (e.g. by using macros), other langua...
#Scala
Scala
scala> def if2[A](x: => Boolean)(y: => Boolean)(xyt: => A) = new { | def else1(xt: => A) = new { | def else2(yt: => A) = new { | def orElse(nt: => A) = { | if(x) { | if(y) xyt else xt | } else if(y) { | yt | } else { | ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#Seed7
Seed7
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";   const proc: main is func local var integer: number is 0; begin for number range 1 to 100 do if number rem 15 = 0 then writeln("FizzBuzz"); elsif number rem 5 = 0 then writeln("Buzz"); elsif number rem 3 = 0 then writeln("Fizz"); els...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extensible_prime_generator
Extensible prime generator
Task Write a generator of prime numbers, in order, that will automatically adjust to accommodate the generation of any reasonably high prime. The routine should demonstrably rely on either: Being based on an open-ended counter set to count without upper limit other than system or programming language limits. In thi...
#Ring
Ring
  see "first twenty primes : " i = 1 nr = 0 while i <= 20 nr += 1 if isPrime(nr) see " " + nr i += 1 ok end   see "primes between 100 and 150 : " for nr = 100 to 150 if isPrime(nr) see " " + nr ok next see nl   see "primes between 7,700 and 8,000 : " i = 0 for nr = 7700 to 8000 if isPrime(nr) i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_Brain****
Execute Brain****
Execute Brain**** is an implementation of Brainf***. Other implementations of Brainf***. RCBF is a set of Brainf*** compilers and interpreters written for Rosetta Code in a variety of languages. Below are links to each of the versions of RCBF. An implementation need only properly implement the following instructions:...
#Brat
Brat
  ".""X"r~"-""\/^^{vvvv}c!!!-.256.%{vvvv}c!sa\/"r~"+""\/^^{vvvv}c!!!+. 256.%{vvvv}c!sa\/"r~"[""{"r~"]""}{\/^^{vvvv}c!!!}w!"r~">""+."r~"<"" -."r~"X""\/^^{vvvv}c!!!L[+]\/+]\/+]^^3\/.+1RAp^\/+]\/[-1RA^^-]\/[-\/ "r~"\'\'1 128r@{vv0}m[0"\/.+pse!vvvv<-sh  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm
Evolutionary algorithm
Starting with: The target string: "METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL". An array of random characters chosen from the set of upper-case letters together with the space, and of the same length as the target string. (Call it the parent). A fitness function that computes the ‘closeness’ of its argument to the target string....
#CLU
CLU
fitness = proc (s, t: string) returns (int) f: int := 0 for i: int in int$from_to(1,string$size(s)) do if s[i] ~= t[i] then f := f-1 end end return(f) end fitness   mutate = proc (mut: int, s: string) returns (string) own charset: string := " ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" out: array[char] ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence
Fibonacci sequence
The Fibonacci sequence is a sequence   Fn   of natural numbers defined recursively: F0 = 0 F1 = 1 Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2, if n>1 Task Write a function to generate the   nth   Fibonacci number. Solutions can be iterative or recursive (though recursive solutions are generally considered too slow ...
#Lean
Lean
  -- Our first implementation is the usual recursive definition: def fib1 : ℕ → ℕ | 0  := 0 | 1  := 1 | (n + 2) := fib1 n + fib1 (n + 1)     -- We can give a second more efficient implementation using an auxiliary function: def fib_aux : ℕ → ℕ → ℕ → ℕ | 0 a b  := b | (n + 1) a b := fib_aux n (a + b) a ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_HQ9%2B
Execute HQ9+
Task Implement a   HQ9+   interpreter or compiler.
#Perl
Perl
#!/usr/bin/perl use warnings; use strict; use feature qw(say switch);   my @programme = <> or die "No input. Specify a program file or pipe it to the standard input.\n";   for (@programme) { for my $char (split //) { given ($char) { when ('H') { hello() } when ('Q') { qui...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_Markov_algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create an interpreter for a Markov Algorithm. Rules have the syntax: <ruleset> ::= ((<comment> | <rule>) <newline>+)* <comment> ::= # {<any character>} <rule> ::= <pattern> <wh...
#Nim
Nim
import strutils, strscans   type Rule = object pattern: string # Input pattern. replacement: string # Replacement string (may be empty). terminating: bool # "true" if terminating rule.   #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   func parse(r...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_Markov_algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create an interpreter for a Markov Algorithm. Rules have the syntax: <ruleset> ::= ((<comment> | <rule>) <newline>+)* <comment> ::= # {<any character>} <rule> ::= <pattern> <wh...
#OCaml
OCaml
(* Useful for resource cleanup (such as filehandles) *) let try_finally x f g = try let res = f x in g x; res with e -> g x; raise e   (* Substitute string 'b' for first occurance of regexp 'a' in 's'; * Raise Not_found if there was no occurance of 'a'. *) let subst a b s = ignore (Str.search_forward a s 0); (* ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#Phix
Phix
constant U0 = 0, U1 = 1 integer count = 0 procedure baz() count += 1 if count=1 then throw(U0,{{"any",{{"thing"},"you"}},"like"}) else throw(U1) end if end procedure procedure bar() baz() end procedure procedure foo() for i=1 to 2 do try bar()...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(de foo () (for Tag '(U0 U1) (catch 'U0 (bar Tag) ) ) )   (de bar (Tag) (baz Tag) )   (de baz (Tag) (throw Tag) )   (mapc trace '(foo bar baz)) (foo)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#langur
langur
# do something throw "not a math exception"   catch .e { if .e["cat"] == "math" { # change result... } else { # rethrow the exception throw } } else { # no exception ... }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Lasso
Lasso
protect => { handle_error => { // do something else } fail(-1,'Oops') }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#FutureBasic
FutureBasic
  include "ConsoleWindow"   local fn DoUnixCommand( cmd as str255 ) dim as str255 s   open "Unix", 2, cmd while ( not eof(2) ) line input #2, s print s wend close 2 end fn   fn DoUnixCommand( "ls -A" )  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#Gambas
Gambas
Public Sub Main()   Shell "ls -aul"   End
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#Genie
Genie
[indent=4] /* Execute system command, in Genie   valac executeSystemCommand.gs ./executeSystemCommand */   init try // Non Blocking Process.spawn_command_line_async("ls") except e : SpawnError stderr.printf("%s\n", e.message)
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Factorial
Factorial
Definitions   The factorial of   0   (zero)   is defined as being   1   (unity).   The   Factorial Function   of a positive integer,   n,   is defined as the product of the sequence: n,   n-1,   n-2,   ...   1 Task Write a function to return the factorial of a number. Solutions can be iterat...
#AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
MsgBox % factorial(4)   factorial(n) { result := 1 Loop, % n result *= A_Index Return result }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exponentiation_operator
Exponentiation operator
Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedure) overloading, then an ov...
#Modula-3
Modula-3
MODULE Expt EXPORTS Main;   IMPORT IO, Fmt;   PROCEDURE IntExpt(arg, exp: INTEGER): INTEGER = VAR result := 1; BEGIN FOR i := 1 TO exp DO result := result * arg; END; RETURN result; END IntExpt;   PROCEDURE RealExpt(arg: REAL; exp: INTEGER): REAL = VAR result := 1.0; BEGIN IF exp < 0 THE...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language
Extend your language
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Some programming languages allow you to extend the language. While this can be done to a certain degree in most languages (e.g. by using macros), other langua...
#Scheme
Scheme
  (define-syntax if2 (syntax-rules () ((if2 cond1 cond2 both-true first-true second-true none-true) (let ((c2 cond2)) (if cond1 (if c2 both-true first-true) (if c2 second-true none-true))))))  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language
Extend your language
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Some programming languages allow you to extend the language. While this can be done to a certain degree in most languages (e.g. by using macros), other langua...
#Seed7
Seed7
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";   $ syntax expr: .if.().().then.().else1.().else2.().else3.().end.if is -> 25;   const proc: if (in boolean: cond1) (in boolean: cond2) then (in proc: statements1) else1 (in proc: statements2) else2 (in proc: statements3) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#SenseTalk
SenseTalk
repeat 100 put "" into output if the counter is a multiple of 3 then put "Fizz" after output end if if the counter is a multiple of 5 then put "Buzz" after output end if if output is empty then put the counter into output end if put output end repeat
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extensible_prime_generator
Extensible prime generator
Task Write a generator of prime numbers, in order, that will automatically adjust to accommodate the generation of any reasonably high prime. The routine should demonstrably rely on either: Being based on an open-ended counter set to count without upper limit other than system or programming language limits. In thi...
#Ruby
Ruby
require "prime"   puts Prime.take(20).join(", ") puts Prime.each(150).drop_while{|pr| pr < 100}.join(", ") puts Prime.each(8000).drop_while{|pr| pr < 7700}.count puts Prime.take(10_000).last
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_Brain****
Execute Brain****
Execute Brain**** is an implementation of Brainf***. Other implementations of Brainf***. RCBF is a set of Brainf*** compilers and interpreters written for Rosetta Code in a variety of languages. Below are links to each of the versions of RCBF. An implementation need only properly implement the following instructions:...
#Burlesque
Burlesque
  ".""X"r~"-""\/^^{vvvv}c!!!-.256.%{vvvv}c!sa\/"r~"+""\/^^{vvvv}c!!!+. 256.%{vvvv}c!sa\/"r~"[""{"r~"]""}{\/^^{vvvv}c!!!}w!"r~">""+."r~"<"" -."r~"X""\/^^{vvvv}c!!!L[+]\/+]\/+]^^3\/.+1RAp^\/+]\/[-1RA^^-]\/[-\/ "r~"\'\'1 128r@{vv0}m[0"\/.+pse!vvvv<-sh  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm
Evolutionary algorithm
Starting with: The target string: "METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL". An array of random characters chosen from the set of upper-case letters together with the space, and of the same length as the target string. (Call it the parent). A fitness function that computes the ‘closeness’ of its argument to the target string....
#COBOL
COBOL
identification division. program-id. evolutionary-program. data division. working-storage section. 01 evolving-strings. 05 target pic a(28) value 'METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL'. 05 parent pic a(28). 05 offspring-table. 10 offspring pic a(28) ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence
Fibonacci sequence
The Fibonacci sequence is a sequence   Fn   of natural numbers defined recursively: F0 = 0 F1 = 1 Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2, if n>1 Task Write a function to generate the   nth   Fibonacci number. Solutions can be iterative or recursive (though recursive solutions are generally considered too slow ...
#LFE
LFE
  (defun fib ((0) 0) ((1) 1) ((n) (+ (fib (- n 1)) (fib (- n 2)))))  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_HQ9%2B
Execute HQ9+
Task Implement a   HQ9+   interpreter or compiler.
#Phix
Phix
with javascript_semantics -- copied from 99_Bottles_of_Beer constant ninetynine = 2 -- (set this to 9 for testing) function bottles(integer count) if count=0 then return "no more bottles" elsif count=1 then return "1 bottle" end if if count=-1 then count = ninetynine end if return sprintf("%d bott...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_Markov_algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create an interpreter for a Markov Algorithm. Rules have the syntax: <ruleset> ::= ((<comment> | <rule>) <newline>+)* <comment> ::= # {<any character>} <rule> ::= <pattern> <wh...
#Perl
Perl
@ARGV == 1 or die "Please provide exactly one source file as an argument.\n"; open my $source, '<', $ARGV[0] or die "I couldn't open \"$ARGV[0]\" for reading. ($!.)\n"; my @rules; while (<$source>) {/\A#/ and next; my @a = /(.*?)\s+->\s+(\.?)(.*)/ or die "Syntax error: $_"; push @rules, \@a;} close $source; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#PL.2FI
PL/I
  /* Exceptions: Catch an exception thrown in a nested call */ test: proc options (main); /* 8/1/2011 */ declare (m, n) fixed initial (2); declare (U0, U1) condition;   foo: procedure () returns (fixed); on condition(U0) snap begin; put list ('Raised con...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#Python
Python
class U0(Exception): pass class U1(Exception): pass   def foo(): for i in range(2): try: bar(i) except U0: print("Function foo caught exception U0")   def bar(i): baz(i) # Nest those calls   def baz(i): raise U1 if i else U0   foo()
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#Quackery
Quackery
[ this ] is U0   [ this ] is U1   [ 0 = iff U0 else U1 message put bail ] is baz ( n --> )   [ baz ] is bar ( n --> )   [ 2 times [ i^ 1 backup bar bailed if [ message share U0 oats iff [ say "Exception U0 raised." cr ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Lingo
Lingo
-- parent script "ErrorHandler"   on alertHook (me, errorType, errorMessage, alertType) if alertType=#alert then return 0 -- ignore programmatic alerts   -- log error in file "error.log" fn = _movie.path&"error.log" fp = xtra("fileIO").new() fp.openFile(fn, 2) if fp.status() = -37 then fp.createFile(fn)...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Logo
Logo
to div.checked :a :b if :b = 0 [(throw "divzero 0)] output :a / :b end to div.safely :a :b output catch "divzero [div.checked :a :b] end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#gnuplot
gnuplot
!ls
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#Go
Go
package main   import ( "log" "os" "os/exec" )   func main() { cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-l") cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Factorial
Factorial
Definitions   The factorial of   0   (zero)   is defined as being   1   (unity).   The   Factorial Function   of a positive integer,   n,   is defined as the product of the sequence: n,   n-1,   n-2,   ...   1 Task Write a function to return the factorial of a number. Solutions can be iterat...
#AutoIt
AutoIt
;AutoIt Version: 3.2.10.0 MsgBox (0,"Factorial",factorial(6)) Func factorial($int) If $int < 0 Then Return 0 EndIf $fact = 1 For $i = 1 To $int $fact = $fact * $i Next Return $fact EndFunc
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exponentiation_operator
Exponentiation operator
Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedure) overloading, then an ov...
#Nemerle
Nemerle
using System;   macro @^ (val, pow : int) { <[ Math.Pow($val, $pow) ]> }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exponentiation_operator
Exponentiation operator
Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedure) overloading, then an ov...
#Nim
Nim
proc `^`[T: float|int](base: T; exp: int): T = var (base, exp) = (base, exp) result = 1   if exp < 0: when T is int: if base * base != 1: return 0 elif (exp and 1) == 0: return 1 else: return base else: base = 1.0 / base exp = -exp   while exp != 0: if (exp and 1) != 0:...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language
Extend your language
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Some programming languages allow you to extend the language. While this can be done to a certain degree in most languages (e.g. by using macros), other langua...
#Shen
Shen
(defmacro branch-if-macro [branch-if Cond1 Cond2 Both Fst Snd None] -> [if Cond1 [if Cond2 Both Fst] [if Cond2 Snd None]])
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language
Extend your language
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Some programming languages allow you to extend the language. While this can be done to a certain degree in most languages (e.g. by using macros), other langua...
#Sidef
Sidef
class if2(cond1, cond2) { method then(block) { # both true if (cond1 && cond2) { block.run; } return self; } method else1(block) { # first true if (cond1 && !cond2) { block.run; } return self; } method else2(block) { # se...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#SequenceL
SequenceL
import <Utilities/Conversion.sl>; import <Utilities/Sequence.sl>;   main(args(2)) := let result[i] := "FizzBuzz" when i mod 3 = 0 and i mod 5 = 0 else "Fizz" when i mod 3 = 0 else "Buzz" when i mod 5 = 0 else intToString(i) foreach i within 1 ... 100; in delimit(result, '\n');
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extensible_prime_generator
Extensible prime generator
Task Write a generator of prime numbers, in order, that will automatically adjust to accommodate the generation of any reasonably high prime. The routine should demonstrably rely on either: Being based on an open-ended counter set to count without upper limit other than system or programming language limits. In thi...
#Rust
Rust
mod pagesieve;   use pagesieve::{count_primes_paged, primes_paged};   fn main() { println!("First 20 primes:\n {:?}", primes_paged().take(20).collect::<Vec<_>>()); println!("Primes between 100 and 150:\n {:?}", primes_paged().skip_while(|&x| x < 100) .take_wh...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_Brain****
Execute Brain****
Execute Brain**** is an implementation of Brainf***. Other implementations of Brainf***. RCBF is a set of Brainf*** compilers and interpreters written for Rosetta Code in a variety of languages. Below are links to each of the versions of RCBF. An implementation need only properly implement the following instructions:...
#C
C
(ns brainfuck)   (def ^:dynamic *input*)   (def ^:dynamic *output*)   (defrecord Data [ptr cells])   (defn inc-ptr [next-cmd] (fn [data] (next-cmd (update-in data [:ptr] inc))))   (defn dec-ptr [next-cmd] (fn [data] (next-cmd (update-in data [:ptr] dec))))   (defn inc-cell [next-cmd] (fn [data] (next-...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm
Evolutionary algorithm
Starting with: The target string: "METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL". An array of random characters chosen from the set of upper-case letters together with the space, and of the same length as the target string. (Call it the parent). A fitness function that computes the ‘closeness’ of its argument to the target string....
#ColdFusion
ColdFusion
  <Cfset theString = 'METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL'> <cfparam name="parent" default=""> <Cfset theAlphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ "> <Cfset fitness = 0> <Cfset children = 3> <Cfset counter = 0>   <Cfloop from="1" to="#children#" index="child"> <Cfparam name="child#child#" default=""> <Cfparam name="fitness#c...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence
Fibonacci sequence
The Fibonacci sequence is a sequence   Fn   of natural numbers defined recursively: F0 = 0 F1 = 1 Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2, if n>1 Task Write a function to generate the   nth   Fibonacci number. Solutions can be iterative or recursive (though recursive solutions are generally considered too slow ...
#Liberty_BASIC
Liberty BASIC
  for i = 0 to 15 print fiboR(i),fiboI(i) next i   function fiboR(n) if n <= 1 then fiboR = n else fiboR = fiboR(n-1) + fiboR(n-2) end if end function   function fiboI(n) a = 0 b = 1 for i = 1 to n temp = a + b a = b b = temp next i fiboI = a e...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_HQ9%2B
Execute HQ9+
Task Implement a   HQ9+   interpreter or compiler.
#php
php
  /* H Prints "Hello, world!" Q Prints the entire text of the source code file. 9 Prints the complete canonical lyrics to "99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall" + Increments the accumulator. */ $accumulator = 0; echo 'HQ9+: '; $program = trim(fgets(STDIN));   foreach (str_split($program) as $chr) { switch ($chr) {...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_Markov_algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create an interpreter for a Markov Algorithm. Rules have the syntax: <ruleset> ::= ((<comment> | <rule>) <newline>+)* <comment> ::= # {<any character>} <rule> ::= <pattern> <wh...
#Phix
Phix
procedure markov(string rules, input, expected) sequence subs = {}, reps = {} sequence lines = split(substitute(rules,'\t',' '),'\n') for i=1 to length(lines) do string li = lines[i] if length(li) and li[1]!='#' then integer k = match(" -> ",li) if k then ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#R
R
  number_of_calls_to_baz <- 0   foo <- function() { for(i in 1:2) tryCatch(bar()) }   bar <- function() baz()   baz <- function() { e <- simpleError(ifelse(number_of_calls_to_baz > 0, "U1", "U0")) assign("number_of_calls_to_baz", number_of_calls_to_baz + 1, envir=globalenv()) stop(e) }  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#Racket
Racket
  #lang racket   (define-struct (exn:U0 exn) ()) (define-struct (exn:U1 exn) ())   (define (foo) (for ([i 2]) (with-handlers ([exn:U0? (λ(_) (displayln "Function foo caught exception U0"))]) (bar i))))   (define (bar i) (baz i))   (define (baz i) (if (= i 0) (raise (make-exn:U0 "failed 0" (current...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#Raku
Raku
sub foo() { for 0..1 -> $i { bar $i; CATCH { when /U0/ { say "Function foo caught exception U0" } } } }   sub bar($i) { baz $i }   sub baz($i) { die "U$i" }   foo;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Logtalk
Logtalk
  :- object(exceptions).   :- public(double/2). double(X, Y) :- catch(double_it(X,Y), Error, handler(Error, Y)).   handler(error(not_a_number(X), logtalk(This::double(X,Y), Sender)), Y) :- % try to fix the error and resume computation; % if not possible, rethrow the exception ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Lua
Lua
  error("Something bad happened!")  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#Groovy
Groovy
println "ls -la".execute().text
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#GUISS
GUISS
Start,Programs,Accessories,MSDOS Prompt,Type:dir[enter]
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Factorial
Factorial
Definitions   The factorial of   0   (zero)   is defined as being   1   (unity).   The   Factorial Function   of a positive integer,   n,   is defined as the product of the sequence: n,   n-1,   n-2,   ...   1 Task Write a function to return the factorial of a number. Solutions can be iterat...
#Avail
Avail
Assert: 7! = 5040;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exponentiation_operator
Exponentiation operator
Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedure) overloading, then an ov...
#Objeck
Objeck
class Exp { function : Main(args : String[]) ~ Nil { Pow(2,30)->PrintLine(); Pow(2.0,30)->PrintLine(); Pow(2.0,-2)->PrintLine(); }   function : native : Pow(base : Float, exp : Int) ~ Float { if(exp < 0) { return 1 / base->Power(exp * -1.0); };   ans := 1.0; while(exp > 0) { ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language
Extend your language
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Some programming languages allow you to extend the language. While this can be done to a certain degree in most languages (e.g. by using macros), other langua...
#Smalltalk
Smalltalk
or:condition2 ifBoth:bothBlk ifFirst:firstBlk ifSecond:scndBlk ifNone:noneBlk "I know for sure, that I am true..." ^ condition2 ifTrue:bothBlk ifFalse:firstBlk
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language
Extend your language
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Some programming languages allow you to extend the language. While this can be done to a certain degree in most languages (e.g. by using macros), other langua...
#Standard_ML
Standard ML
(* Languages with pattern matching ALREADY HAVE THIS! *)   fun myfunc (pred1, pred2) = case (pred1, pred2) of (true, true) => print ("(true, true)\n") | (true, false) => print ("(true, false)\n") | (false, true) => print ("(false, true)\n") | (false, false) => print ("(false, false)\n");   myfunc (true, tru...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#Shale
Shale
#!/usr/local/bin/shale   string library   r var i var i 1 = { i 100 <= } { r "" = i 3 % 0 == { r r "fizz" concat string::() = } ifthen i 5 % 0 == { r r "buzz" concat string::() = } ifthen r "" equals string::() { i } { r } if i "%3d: %p\n" printf i++ } while
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extensible_prime_generator
Extensible prime generator
Task Write a generator of prime numbers, in order, that will automatically adjust to accommodate the generation of any reasonably high prime. The routine should demonstrably rely on either: Being based on an open-ended counter set to count without upper limit other than system or programming language limits. In thi...
#Seed7
Seed7
$ include "seed7_05.s7i";   const func boolean: isPrime (in integer: number) is func result var boolean: prime is FALSE; local var integer: count is 2; begin if number = 2 then prime := TRUE; elsif number > 2 then while number rem count <> 0 and count * count <= number do incr(...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_Brain****
Execute Brain****
Execute Brain**** is an implementation of Brainf***. Other implementations of Brainf***. RCBF is a set of Brainf*** compilers and interpreters written for Rosetta Code in a variety of languages. Below are links to each of the versions of RCBF. An implementation need only properly implement the following instructions:...
#C.23
C#
(ns brainfuck)   (def ^:dynamic *input*)   (def ^:dynamic *output*)   (defrecord Data [ptr cells])   (defn inc-ptr [next-cmd] (fn [data] (next-cmd (update-in data [:ptr] inc))))   (defn dec-ptr [next-cmd] (fn [data] (next-cmd (update-in data [:ptr] dec))))   (defn inc-cell [next-cmd] (fn [data] (next-...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm
Evolutionary algorithm
Starting with: The target string: "METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL". An array of random characters chosen from the set of upper-case letters together with the space, and of the same length as the target string. (Call it the parent). A fitness function that computes the ‘closeness’ of its argument to the target string....
#Commodore_BASIC
Commodore BASIC
10 N=100:P=0.05:TI$="000000" 20 Z$="METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL" 30 L=LEN(Z$) 40 DIMX(N,L) 50 FORI=1TOL 60 IFMID$(Z$,I,1)=" "THENX(0,I)=0:GOTO80 70 X(0,I)=ASC(MID$(Z$,I))-64 80 NEXT 90 FORK=1TON:FORI=1TOL:X(K,I)=INT(RND(0)*27):NEXT:NEXT 100 S=-100:B=0 110 K=B:GOSUB300 120 FORK=1TON:IFK=BTHEN150 130 FORI=1TOL:IFRND(.)<...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence
Fibonacci sequence
The Fibonacci sequence is a sequence   Fn   of natural numbers defined recursively: F0 = 0 F1 = 1 Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2, if n>1 Task Write a function to generate the   nth   Fibonacci number. Solutions can be iterative or recursive (though recursive solutions are generally considered too slow ...
#Lingo
Lingo
on fib (n) if n<2 then return n return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2) end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_HQ9%2B
Execute HQ9+
Task Implement a   HQ9+   interpreter or compiler.
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(de hq9+ (Code) (let Accu 0 (for C (chop Code) (case C ("H" (prinl "Hello, world")) ("Q" (prinl Code)) ("9" (for (N 99 (gt0 N)) (prinl N " bottles of beer on the wall") (prinl N " bottles of beer") ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_HQ9%2B
Execute HQ9+
Task Implement a   HQ9+   interpreter or compiler.
#PowerShell
PowerShell
  function Invoke-HQ9PlusInterpreter ([switch]$Global) { $sb = New-Object -TypeName System.Text.StringBuilder   for ($i = 99; $i -gt 2; $i--) { $sb.Append((("{0,2} bottles of beer on the wall, " + "{0,2} bottles of beer! Take one down, pass it around, " + "...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_Markov_algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create an interpreter for a Markov Algorithm. Rules have the syntax: <ruleset> ::= ((<comment> | <rule>) <newline>+)* <comment> ::= # {<any character>} <rule> ::= <pattern> <wh...
#PHP
PHP
<?php   function markov($text, $ruleset) { $lines = explode(PHP_EOL, $ruleset); $rules = array(); foreach ($lines AS $line) { $spc = "[\t ]+"; if (empty($line) OR preg_match('/^#/', $line)) { continue; } elseif (preg_match('/^(.+)' . $spc . '->' . $spc . '(\.?)(.*)$/', $l...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#REXX
REXX
/*REXX program creates two exceptions and demonstrates how to handle (catch) them. */ call foo /*invoke the FOO function (below). */ say 'The REXX mainline program has completed.' /*indicate that Elroy was here. */ exit ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#Ruby
Ruby
def foo 2.times do |i| begin bar(i) rescue U0 $stderr.puts "captured exception U0" end end end   def bar(i) baz(i) end   def baz(i) raise i == 0 ? U0 : U1 end   class U0 < StandardError; end   class U1 < StandardError; end   foo
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#M2000_Interpreter
M2000 Interpreter
  Module Errors { Module Check { Module Error1 { A=1/0 }   Try ok { Error1 } ' we get an Error, and Error$ print division by zero in module Error1 If Error or not ok then Print Error$ Error "Ne...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Make
Make
all: false
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#Haskell
Haskell
import System.Cmd   main = system "ls"  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#HicEst
HicEst
SYSTEM(CoMmand='pause') SYSTEM(CoMmand='dir & pause')
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Factorial
Factorial
Definitions   The factorial of   0   (zero)   is defined as being   1   (unity).   The   Factorial Function   of a positive integer,   n,   is defined as the product of the sequence: n,   n-1,   n-2,   ...   1 Task Write a function to return the factorial of a number. Solutions can be iterat...
#AWK
AWK
function fact_r(n) { if ( n <= 1 ) return 1; return n*fact_r(n-1); }
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exponentiation_operator
Exponentiation operator
Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedure) overloading, then an ov...
#OCaml
OCaml
let pow one mul a n = let rec g p x = function | 0 -> x | i -> g (mul p p) (if i mod 2 = 1 then mul p x else x) (i/2) in g a one n ;;   pow 1 ( * ) 2 16;; (* 65536 *) pow 1.0 ( *. ) 2.0 16;; (* 65536. *)   (* pow is not limited to exponentiation *) pow 0 ( + ) 2 16;; (* 32 *) pow "" ( ^ ) "abc " 10;; ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language
Extend your language
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Some programming languages allow you to extend the language. While this can be done to a certain degree in most languages (e.g. by using macros), other langua...
#Tcl
Tcl
proc if2 {cond1 cond2 bothTrueBody firstTrueBody secondTrueBody bothFalseBody} { # Must evaluate both conditions, and should do so in order set c1 [uplevel 1 [list expr $cond1] set c2 [uplevel 1 [list expr $cond2] # Now use that to decide what to do if {$c1 && $c2} { uplevel 1 $bothTrueBody ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/FizzBuzz
FizzBuzz
Task Write a program that prints the integers from   1   to   100   (inclusive). But:   for multiples of three,   print   Fizz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of five,   print   Buzz     (instead of the number)   for multiples of both three and five,   print   FizzBuzz     (instead of the number) ...
#Shen
Shen
(define fizzbuzz 101 -> (nl) N -> (let divisible-by? (/. A B (integer? (/ A B))) (cases (divisible-by? N 15) (do (output "Fizzbuzz!~%") (fizzbuzz (+ N 1))) (divisible-by? N 3) (do (output "Fizz!~%") (fizzbuzz (...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extensible_prime_generator
Extensible prime generator
Task Write a generator of prime numbers, in order, that will automatically adjust to accommodate the generation of any reasonably high prime. The routine should demonstrably rely on either: Being based on an open-ended counter set to count without upper limit other than system or programming language limits. In thi...
#Sidef
Sidef
say ("First 20: ", 20.nth_prime.primes.join(' ')) say ("Between 100 and 150: ", primes(100,150).join(' ')) say (prime_count(7700,8000), " primes between 7700 and 8000") say ("10,000th prime: ", nth_prime(10_000))
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_Brain****
Execute Brain****
Execute Brain**** is an implementation of Brainf***. Other implementations of Brainf***. RCBF is a set of Brainf*** compilers and interpreters written for Rosetta Code in a variety of languages. Below are links to each of the versions of RCBF. An implementation need only properly implement the following instructions:...
#C.2B.2B
C++
(ns brainfuck)   (def ^:dynamic *input*)   (def ^:dynamic *output*)   (defrecord Data [ptr cells])   (defn inc-ptr [next-cmd] (fn [data] (next-cmd (update-in data [:ptr] inc))))   (defn dec-ptr [next-cmd] (fn [data] (next-cmd (update-in data [:ptr] dec))))   (defn inc-cell [next-cmd] (fn [data] (next-...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm
Evolutionary algorithm
Starting with: The target string: "METHINKS IT IS LIKE A WEASEL". An array of random characters chosen from the set of upper-case letters together with the space, and of the same length as the target string. (Call it the parent). A fitness function that computes the ‘closeness’ of its argument to the target string....
#Common_Lisp
Common Lisp
(defun fitness (string target) "Closeness of string to target; lower number is better" (loop for c1 across string for c2 across target count (char/= c1 c2)))   (defun mutate (string chars p) "Mutate each character of string with probablity p using characters from chars" (dotimes (n (length strin...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence
Fibonacci sequence
The Fibonacci sequence is a sequence   Fn   of natural numbers defined recursively: F0 = 0 F1 = 1 Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2, if n>1 Task Write a function to generate the   nth   Fibonacci number. Solutions can be iterative or recursive (though recursive solutions are generally considered too slow ...
#Lisaac
Lisaac
- fib(n : UINTEGER_32) : UINTEGER_64 <- ( + result : UINTEGER_64; (n < 2).if { result := n; } else { result := fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2); }; result );
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_HQ9%2B
Execute HQ9+
Task Implement a   HQ9+   interpreter or compiler.
#PureBasic
PureBasic
Procedure hq9plus(code.s) Protected accumulator, i, bottles For i = 1 To Len(code) Select Mid(code, i, 1) Case "h", "H" PrintN("Hello, world!") Case "q", "Q" PrintN(code) Case "9" bottles = 99 While bottles PrintN(Str(bottles) + " bottles of beer on th...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_Markov_algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create an interpreter for a Markov Algorithm. Rules have the syntax: <ruleset> ::= ((<comment> | <rule>) <newline>+)* <comment> ::= # {<any character>} <rule> ::= <pattern> <wh...
#PicoLisp
PicoLisp
(de markov (File Text) (use (@A @Z R) (let Rules (make (in File (while (skip "#") (when (match '(@A " " "-" ">" " " @Z) (replace (line) "@" "#")) (link (cons (clip @A) (clip @Z))) ) ) ) ) (setq Text (chop Text)) (pack ...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_Markov_algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm
Execute a Markov algorithm You are encouraged to solve this task according to the task description, using any language you may know. Task Create an interpreter for a Markov Algorithm. Rules have the syntax: <ruleset> ::= ((<comment> | <rule>) <newline>+)* <comment> ::= # {<any character>} <rule> ::= <pattern> <wh...
#Prolog
Prolog
:- module('markov.pl', [markov/3, apply_markov/3]).   :- use_module(library(lambda)).   apply_markov(Rules, Sentence, Replacement) :- maplist(\X^Y^(atom_chars(X, Ch), phrase(markov(Y), Ch, [])), Rules, TmpRules), % comments produce empty rules exclude(=([]), TmpRules, LstRules),   atom_chars(Sentence, L...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#Rust
Rust
#[derive(Debug)] enum U { U0(i32), U1(String), }   fn baz(i: u8) -> Result<(), U> { match i { 0 => Err(U::U0(42)), 1 => Err(U::U1("This will be returned from main".into())), _ => Ok(()), } }   fn bar(i: u8) -> Result<(), U> { baz(i) }   fn foo() -> Result<(), U> { for i i...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions/Catch_an_exception_thrown_in_a_nested_call
Exceptions/Catch an exception thrown in a nested call
Show how to create a user-defined exception   and   show how to catch an exception raised from several nested calls away.   Create two user-defined exceptions,   U0   and   U1.   Have function   foo   call function   bar   twice.   Have function   bar   call function   baz.   Arrange for function   baz   to rais...
#Scala
Scala
object ExceptionsTest extends App { class U0 extends Exception class U1 extends Exception   def foo { for (i <- 0 to 1) try { bar(i) } catch { case e: U0 => println("Function foo caught exception U0") } }   def bar(i: Int) { def baz(i: Int) = { if (i == 0) throw new U0 else throw n...
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Maple
Maple
  errorproc:=proc(n) local a; try a:=1/n; catch "numeric exception: division by zero": error "Something went wrong when dividing." end try; end proc;  
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exceptions
Exceptions
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops This task is to give an example of an exception handling routine and to "throw" a new exception. Related task   Exceptions Through Nested Calls
#Mathematica_.2F_Wolfram_Language
Mathematica / Wolfram Language
f[x_] := If[x > 10, Throw[overflow], x!]   Example usage : Catch[f[2] + f[11]] -> overflow   Catch[f[2] + f[3]] -> 8
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#HolyC
HolyC
Dir;
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#Icon_and_Unicon
Icon and Unicon
procedure main()   write("Trying command ",cmd := if &features == "UNIX" then "ls" else "dir") system(cmd)   end
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Execute_a_system_command
Execute a system command
Task Run either the   ls   system command   (dir   on Windows),   or the   pause   system command. Related task Get system command output
#IDL
IDL
$ls
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Factorial
Factorial
Definitions   The factorial of   0   (zero)   is defined as being   1   (unity).   The   Factorial Function   of a positive integer,   n,   is defined as the product of the sequence: n,   n-1,   n-2,   ...   1 Task Write a function to return the factorial of a number. Solutions can be iterat...
#Axe
Axe
Lbl FACT 1→R For(I,1,r₁) R*I→R End R Return
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exponentiation_operator
Exponentiation operator
Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedure) overloading, then an ov...
#Oforth
Oforth
: powint(r, n) | i | 1 n abs loop: i [ r * ] n isNegative ifTrue: [ inv ] ;   2 3 powint println 2 powint(3) println 1.2 4 powint println 1.2 powint(4) println
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Exponentiation_operator
Exponentiation operator
Most programming languages have a built-in implementation of exponentiation. Task Re-implement integer exponentiation for both   intint   and   floatint   as both a procedure,   and an operator (if your language supports operator definition). If the language supports operator (or procedure) overloading, then an ov...
#PARI.2FGP
PARI/GP
ex(a, b)={ my(c = 1); while(b > 1, if(b % 2, c *= a); a = a^2; b >>= 1 ); a * c };
http://rosettacode.org/wiki/Extend_your_language
Extend your language
Control Structures These are examples of control structures. You may also be interested in: Conditional structures Exceptions Flow-control structures Loops Some programming languages allow you to extend the language. While this can be done to a certain degree in most languages (e.g. by using macros), other langua...
#TXR
TXR
(defmacro if2 (cond1 cond2 both first second . neither) (let ((res1 (gensym)) (res2 (gensym))) ^(let ((,res1 ,cond1) (,res2 ,cond2)) (cond ((and ,res1 ,res2) ,both) (,res1 ,first) (,res2 ,second) (t ,*neither)...