Datasets:

cometadata
/

crossref-datacite-citations-datacite-enrichment-format

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Convert pinned Crossref citations of DataCite DOIs to validated COMET insert records."""
from __future__ import annotations

import argparse
from collections import Counter
from datetime import datetime, timezone
import gzip
import hashlib
import io
import json
from pathlib import Path
import re
import shutil

import fastjsonschema
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
import rfc8785
import xxhash

SOURCE_REPO = "cometadata/crossref-datacite-citations"
SOURCE_REVISION = "65642a869543640f2965bcf9a7652f49fe88ef93"
SOURCE_CONFIG = "all"
PIPELINE_MANIFEST = "metadata/pipeline-manifest.json"
PIPELINE_MANIFEST_SHA256 = "9a68b2e5189e2a627d5cd33bca7e17f6cfb7c5b0d39dc4cbe4c05897ce1dda76"
SCHEMA_REVISION = "abd6a9acd3fc70d25f703ea5be3c0fc62e0b6a61"
SCHEMA_SHA256 = "8a46a45770572b68261aa4045641006e22d56cc652ae3ec9242718a091ff7c28"
METHOD = "crossref-datacite-citations"
SCHEMA_PATH = Path(__file__).parent / "provenance/enrichment_input_schema.json"
DOI_NAME = re.compile(r"\A10\.[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*/.+\Z")
# Rust's char::is_control is general category Cc, which is exactly these code points.
CONTROL = re.compile(r"[\x00-\x1f\x7f-\x9f]")
VALUE_SCHEMA = {
    "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
    "type": "object",
    "required": ["relatedIdentifier", "relatedIdentifierType", "relationType"],
    "additionalProperties": False,
    "properties": {
        "relatedIdentifier": {"type": "string", "pattern": r"^10\.[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*/.+$"},
        "relatedIdentifierType": {"const": "DOI"},
        "relationType": {"const": "IsCitedBy"},
    },
}


def is_valid_doi_name(value: str) -> bool:
    """Port of comet-enrich identifiers::is_valid_doi_name at SCHEMA_REVISION."""
    # str.strip also removes U+001C to U+001F, which Rust's trim keeps.
    # Both reject them as control characters, so the predicates agree.
    return value.strip() == value and not CONTROL.search(value) and DOI_NAME.match(value) is not None


def require_doi(value, role: str) -> str:
    if not (isinstance(value, str) and is_valid_doi_name(value) and value == value.lower()):
        raise ValueError(f"Invalid or non-lowercase {role} DOI: {value!r}")
    return value


def content_key(doi: str, value: dict, method: str = METHOD) -> str:
    return xxhash.xxh3_128_hexdigest(
        rfc8785.dumps([method, doi, "relatedIdentifiers", "insert", value])
    )


def sha256(path: Path) -> str:
    with path.open("rb") as stream:
        return hashlib.file_digest(stream, "sha256").hexdigest()


def gzip_text(path: Path):
    # Fixed gzip header for reproducible data bytes.
    return io.TextIOWrapper(
        gzip.GzipFile(filename=str(path), mode="wb", compresslevel=6, mtime=0),
        encoding="utf-8", newline="\n",
    )


class ShardWriter:
    """Numbered gzip JSONL shards of rows_per_shard records under data/."""

    def __init__(self, output: Path, rows_per_shard: int):
        self.output = output
        self.rows_per_shard = rows_per_shard
        self.files = []
        self.stream = None
        self.path = None
        self.rows = 0

    def write(self, line: str):
        if self.stream is None or self.rows == self.rows_per_shard:
            self.close()
            self.path = self.output / "data" / f"part_{len(self.files):04d}.jsonl.gz"
            self.stream = gzip_text(self.path)
            self.rows = 0
        self.stream.write(line)
        self.rows += 1

    def close(self):
        if self.stream is not None:
            self.stream.close()
            self.stream = None
            self.files.append({"path": str(self.path.relative_to(self.output)),
                               "rows": self.rows,
                               "bytes": self.path.stat().st_size,
                               "sha256": sha256(self.path)})


def pinned_source(source_dir: Path) -> tuple[dict, list[dict]]:
    """Check the pipeline manifest, then every config file it lists, before any read."""
    manifest_path = source_dir / PIPELINE_MANIFEST
    if sha256(manifest_path) != PIPELINE_MANIFEST_SHA256:
        raise ValueError(f"{manifest_path} is not the manifest at revision {SOURCE_REVISION}")
    pipeline = json.loads(manifest_path.read_text())
    inputs = []
    for name in pipeline["config_files"][SOURCE_CONFIG]:
        path = source_dir / name
        expected = pipeline["files"][name]
        size, digest = path.stat().st_size, sha256(path)
        if size != expected["size"] or digest != expected["sha256"]:
            raise ValueError(f"{path} does not match its size and SHA-256 in the pipeline manifest")
        inputs.append({"path": name, "rows": pq.ParquetFile(path).metadata.num_rows,
                       "bytes": size, "sha256": digest})
    return pipeline, inputs


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
    parser.add_argument("--source-dir", type=Path, required=True,
                        help="Local download of the pinned source revision, holding metadata/ and data/all/")
    parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=Path, required=True)
    parser.add_argument("--rows-per-shard", type=int, default=250000)
    parser.add_argument("--source-id", default="",
                        help="Project DOI written to every sourceId; empty until one is registered")
    args = parser.parse_args()
    if args.source_id and not (is_valid_doi_name(args.source_id)
                               and args.source_id == args.source_id.lower()):
        parser.error(f"--source-id must be a lowercase DOI name, got {args.source_id!r}")
    if sha256(SCHEMA_PATH) != SCHEMA_SHA256:
        raise ValueError(f"{SCHEMA_PATH} is not the enrichment schema at {SCHEMA_REVISION}")
    pipeline, inputs = pinned_source(args.source_dir)
    output = args.output_dir
    data = output / "data"
    data.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    if any(data.iterdir()):
        raise ValueError("Output data directory is not empty")
    (output / "provenance").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
    validate_enrichment = fastjsonschema.compile(json.loads(SCHEMA_PATH.read_text()))
    validate_value = fastjsonschema.compile(VALUE_SCHEMA)
    (output / "provenance/related_identifier_subset_schema.json").write_text(
        json.dumps(VALUE_SCHEMA, indent=2) + "\n")
    shutil.copyfile(args.source_dir / PIPELINE_MANIFEST,
                    output / "provenance/source_pipeline_manifest.json")
    counts = Counter()
    by_provenance = Counter()
    seen_keys = set()
    cited_dois = set()
    enriched_dois = set()
    writer = ShardWriter(output, args.rows_per_shard)
    examples = []

    for item in inputs:
        parquet = pq.ParquetFile(args.source_dir / item["path"])
        # Only the citing DOI and its strongest provenance are needed, so the
        # per-match reference metadata is never decoded.
        columns = ["doi", "citation_count", "reference_count",
                   "cited_by.list.element.doi", "cited_by.list.element.provenance"]
        for batch in parquet.iter_batches(batch_size=1000, columns=columns):
            for row in batch.to_pylist():
                counts["source_rows"] += 1
                doi = require_doi(row["doi"], "cited")
                cited_dois.add(doi)
                if row["citation_count"] != len(row["cited_by"]):
                    raise ValueError(f"{doi}: citation_count {row['citation_count']} "
                                     f"!= {len(row['cited_by'])} cited_by entries")
                counts["source_citing_entries"] += len(row["cited_by"])
                counts["source_reference_matches"] += row["reference_count"]
                for citing in row["cited_by"]:
                    value = {"relatedIdentifier": require_doi(citing["doi"], "citing"),
                             "relatedIdentifierType": "DOI",
                             "relationType": "IsCitedBy"}
                    validate_value(value)
                    key = content_key(doi, value)
                    key_bytes = bytes.fromhex(key)
                    # The value is a pure function of the pair, so a repeated
                    # key means the source repeated a pair.
                    if key_bytes in seen_keys:
                        raise ValueError(f"Repeated citation pair: {doi} cited by {citing['doi']}")
                    seen_keys.add(key_bytes)
                    record = {"doi": doi, "action": "insert",
                              "field": "relatedIdentifiers", "enrichedValue": value,
                              "sourceId": args.source_id, "contentKey": key}
                    validate_enrichment(record)
                    writer.write(json.dumps(record, ensure_ascii=False,
                                            separators=(",", ":")) + "\n")
                    counts["enrichments"] += 1
                    by_provenance[citing["provenance"]] += 1
                    counts["enrichments_to_arxiv_dois"] += doi.startswith("10.48550/")
                    enriched_dois.add(doi)
                    if len(examples) < 4:
                        examples.append(record)
        print(json.dumps({"source_file": item["path"],
                          "source_rows": counts["source_rows"],
                          "enrichments": counts["enrichments"]}), flush=True)
    writer.close()

    counts["unique_cited_dois"] = len(cited_dois)
    counts["unique_enriched_dois"] = len(enriched_dois)
    assert counts["enrichments"] == counts["source_citing_entries"]
    published = pipeline["counts"]
    assert counts["source_rows"] == published["all"]["works"]
    assert counts["source_citing_entries"] == published["all"]["citations"]
    assert counts["source_reference_matches"] == published["all"]["references"]
    manifest = {
        "created_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
        "method": {"name": METHOD, "version": "1.0.0"},
        "source_id": args.source_id,
        "source": {"repo": SOURCE_REPO, "revision": SOURCE_REVISION,
                   "config": SOURCE_CONFIG, "split": "train",
                   "snapshot_id": pipeline["snapshot_id"],
                   "extractor_version": pipeline["extractor_version"],
                   "pipeline_manifest_sha256": PIPELINE_MANIFEST_SHA256},
        "enrichment_schema": {"repo": "cometadata/comet-enrich",
                              "revision": SCHEMA_REVISION,
                              "path": "configs/enrichment_input_schema.json",
                              "sha256": SCHEMA_SHA256},
        "content_key": {"algorithm": "xxh3-128", "canonicalization": "RFC 8785 JCS",
                        "input": "[method, doi, field, action, enrichedValue]"},
        "counts": dict(sorted(counts.items())) | {
            "enrichments_by_source_provenance": dict(sorted(by_provenance.items())),
        },
        "validation": {"enrichment_schema_failures": 0, "related_identifier_schema_failures": 0},
        "input_files": inputs,
        "data_files": writer.files,
    }
    (output / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest, indent=2) + "\n")
    (output / "provenance/examples.json").write_text(
        json.dumps(examples, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")
    print(json.dumps(manifest["counts"], indent=2), flush=True)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

	#!/usr/bin/env python3
	"""Convert pinned Crossref citations of DataCite DOIs to validated COMET insert records."""
	from __future__ import annotations

	import argparse
	from collections import Counter
	from datetime import datetime, timezone
	import gzip
	import hashlib
	import io
	import json
	from pathlib import Path
	import re
	import shutil

	import fastjsonschema
	import pyarrow.parquet as pq
	import rfc8785
	import xxhash

	SOURCE_REPO = "cometadata/crossref-datacite-citations"
	SOURCE_REVISION = "65642a869543640f2965bcf9a7652f49fe88ef93"
	SOURCE_CONFIG = "all"
	PIPELINE_MANIFEST = "metadata/pipeline-manifest.json"
	PIPELINE_MANIFEST_SHA256 = "9a68b2e5189e2a627d5cd33bca7e17f6cfb7c5b0d39dc4cbe4c05897ce1dda76"
	SCHEMA_REVISION = "abd6a9acd3fc70d25f703ea5be3c0fc62e0b6a61"
	SCHEMA_SHA256 = "8a46a45770572b68261aa4045641006e22d56cc652ae3ec9242718a091ff7c28"
	METHOD = "crossref-datacite-citations"
	SCHEMA_PATH = Path(__file__).parent / "provenance/enrichment_input_schema.json"
	DOI_NAME = re.compile(r"\A10\.[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*/.+\Z")
	# Rust's char::is_control is general category Cc, which is exactly these code points.
	CONTROL = re.compile(r"[\x00-\x1f\x7f-\x9f]")
	VALUE_SCHEMA = {
	"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
	"type": "object",
	"required": ["relatedIdentifier", "relatedIdentifierType", "relationType"],
	"additionalProperties": False,
	"properties": {
	"relatedIdentifier": {"type": "string", "pattern": r"^10\.[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*/.+$"},
	"relatedIdentifierType": {"const": "DOI"},
	"relationType": {"const": "IsCitedBy"},
	},
	}


	def is_valid_doi_name(value: str) -> bool:
	"""Port of comet-enrich identifiers::is_valid_doi_name at SCHEMA_REVISION."""
	# str.strip also removes U+001C to U+001F, which Rust's trim keeps.
	# Both reject them as control characters, so the predicates agree.
	return value.strip() == value and not CONTROL.search(value) and DOI_NAME.match(value) is not None


	def require_doi(value, role: str) -> str:
	if not (isinstance(value, str) and is_valid_doi_name(value) and value == value.lower()):
	raise ValueError(f"Invalid or non-lowercase {role} DOI: {value!r}")
	return value


	def content_key(doi: str, value: dict, method: str = METHOD) -> str:
	return xxhash.xxh3_128_hexdigest(
	rfc8785.dumps([method, doi, "relatedIdentifiers", "insert", value])
	)


	def sha256(path: Path) -> str:
	with path.open("rb") as stream:
	return hashlib.file_digest(stream, "sha256").hexdigest()


	def gzip_text(path: Path):
	# Fixed gzip header for reproducible data bytes.
	return io.TextIOWrapper(
	gzip.GzipFile(filename=str(path), mode="wb", compresslevel=6, mtime=0),
	encoding="utf-8", newline="\n",
	)


	class ShardWriter:
	"""Numbered gzip JSONL shards of rows_per_shard records under data/."""

	def __init__(self, output: Path, rows_per_shard: int):
	self.output = output
	self.rows_per_shard = rows_per_shard
	self.files = []
	self.stream = None
	self.path = None
	self.rows = 0

	def write(self, line: str):
	if self.stream is None or self.rows == self.rows_per_shard:
	self.close()
	self.path = self.output / "data" / f"part_{len(self.files):04d}.jsonl.gz"
	self.stream = gzip_text(self.path)
	self.rows = 0
	self.stream.write(line)
	self.rows += 1

	def close(self):
	if self.stream is not None:
	self.stream.close()
	self.stream = None
	self.files.append({"path": str(self.path.relative_to(self.output)),
	"rows": self.rows,
	"bytes": self.path.stat().st_size,
	"sha256": sha256(self.path)})


	def pinned_source(source_dir: Path) -> tuple[dict, list[dict]]:
	"""Check the pipeline manifest, then every config file it lists, before any read."""
	manifest_path = source_dir / PIPELINE_MANIFEST
	if sha256(manifest_path) != PIPELINE_MANIFEST_SHA256:
	raise ValueError(f"{manifest_path} is not the manifest at revision {SOURCE_REVISION}")
	pipeline = json.loads(manifest_path.read_text())
	inputs = []
	for name in pipeline["config_files"][SOURCE_CONFIG]:
	path = source_dir / name
	expected = pipeline["files"][name]
	size, digest = path.stat().st_size, sha256(path)
	if size != expected["size"] or digest != expected["sha256"]:
	raise ValueError(f"{path} does not match its size and SHA-256 in the pipeline manifest")
	inputs.append({"path": name, "rows": pq.ParquetFile(path).metadata.num_rows,
	"bytes": size, "sha256": digest})
	return pipeline, inputs


	def main():
	parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
	parser.add_argument("--source-dir", type=Path, required=True,
	help="Local download of the pinned source revision, holding metadata/ and data/all/")
	parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=Path, required=True)
	parser.add_argument("--rows-per-shard", type=int, default=250000)
	parser.add_argument("--source-id", default="",
	help="Project DOI written to every sourceId; empty until one is registered")
	args = parser.parse_args()
	if args.source_id and not (is_valid_doi_name(args.source_id)
	and args.source_id == args.source_id.lower()):
	parser.error(f"--source-id must be a lowercase DOI name, got {args.source_id!r}")
	if sha256(SCHEMA_PATH) != SCHEMA_SHA256:
	raise ValueError(f"{SCHEMA_PATH} is not the enrichment schema at {SCHEMA_REVISION}")
	pipeline, inputs = pinned_source(args.source_dir)
	output = args.output_dir
	data = output / "data"
	data.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
	if any(data.iterdir()):
	raise ValueError("Output data directory is not empty")
	(output / "provenance").mkdir(exist_ok=True)
	validate_enrichment = fastjsonschema.compile(json.loads(SCHEMA_PATH.read_text()))
	validate_value = fastjsonschema.compile(VALUE_SCHEMA)
	(output / "provenance/related_identifier_subset_schema.json").write_text(
	json.dumps(VALUE_SCHEMA, indent=2) + "\n")
	shutil.copyfile(args.source_dir / PIPELINE_MANIFEST,
	output / "provenance/source_pipeline_manifest.json")
	counts = Counter()
	by_provenance = Counter()
	seen_keys = set()
	cited_dois = set()
	enriched_dois = set()
	writer = ShardWriter(output, args.rows_per_shard)
	examples = []

	for item in inputs:
	parquet = pq.ParquetFile(args.source_dir / item["path"])
	# Only the citing DOI and its strongest provenance are needed, so the
	# per-match reference metadata is never decoded.
	columns = ["doi", "citation_count", "reference_count",
	"cited_by.list.element.doi", "cited_by.list.element.provenance"]
	for batch in parquet.iter_batches(batch_size=1000, columns=columns):
	for row in batch.to_pylist():
	counts["source_rows"] += 1
	doi = require_doi(row["doi"], "cited")
	cited_dois.add(doi)
	if row["citation_count"] != len(row["cited_by"]):
	raise ValueError(f"{doi}: citation_count {row['citation_count']} "
	f"!= {len(row['cited_by'])} cited_by entries")
	counts["source_citing_entries"] += len(row["cited_by"])
	counts["source_reference_matches"] += row["reference_count"]
	for citing in row["cited_by"]:
	value = {"relatedIdentifier": require_doi(citing["doi"], "citing"),
	"relatedIdentifierType": "DOI",
	"relationType": "IsCitedBy"}
	validate_value(value)
	key = content_key(doi, value)
	key_bytes = bytes.fromhex(key)
	# The value is a pure function of the pair, so a repeated
	# key means the source repeated a pair.
	if key_bytes in seen_keys:
	raise ValueError(f"Repeated citation pair: {doi} cited by {citing['doi']}")
	seen_keys.add(key_bytes)
	record = {"doi": doi, "action": "insert",
	"field": "relatedIdentifiers", "enrichedValue": value,
	"sourceId": args.source_id, "contentKey": key}
	validate_enrichment(record)
	writer.write(json.dumps(record, ensure_ascii=False,
	separators=(",", ":")) + "\n")
	counts["enrichments"] += 1
	by_provenance[citing["provenance"]] += 1
	counts["enrichments_to_arxiv_dois"] += doi.startswith("10.48550/")
	enriched_dois.add(doi)
	if len(examples) < 4:
	examples.append(record)
	print(json.dumps({"source_file": item["path"],
	"source_rows": counts["source_rows"],
	"enrichments": counts["enrichments"]}), flush=True)
	writer.close()

	counts["unique_cited_dois"] = len(cited_dois)
	counts["unique_enriched_dois"] = len(enriched_dois)
	assert counts["enrichments"] == counts["source_citing_entries"]
	published = pipeline["counts"]
	assert counts["source_rows"] == published["all"]["works"]
	assert counts["source_citing_entries"] == published["all"]["citations"]
	assert counts["source_reference_matches"] == published["all"]["references"]
	manifest = {
	"created_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
	"method": {"name": METHOD, "version": "1.0.0"},
	"source_id": args.source_id,
	"source": {"repo": SOURCE_REPO, "revision": SOURCE_REVISION,
	"config": SOURCE_CONFIG, "split": "train",
	"snapshot_id": pipeline["snapshot_id"],
	"extractor_version": pipeline["extractor_version"],
	"pipeline_manifest_sha256": PIPELINE_MANIFEST_SHA256},
	"enrichment_schema": {"repo": "cometadata/comet-enrich",
	"revision": SCHEMA_REVISION,
	"path": "configs/enrichment_input_schema.json",
	"sha256": SCHEMA_SHA256},
	"content_key": {"algorithm": "xxh3-128", "canonicalization": "RFC 8785 JCS",
	"input": "[method, doi, field, action, enrichedValue]"},
	"counts": dict(sorted(counts.items())) \| {
	"enrichments_by_source_provenance": dict(sorted(by_provenance.items())),
	},
	"validation": {"enrichment_schema_failures": 0, "related_identifier_schema_failures": 0},
	"input_files": inputs,
	"data_files": writer.files,
	}
	(output / "manifest.json").write_text(json.dumps(manifest, indent=2) + "\n")
	(output / "provenance/examples.json").write_text(
	json.dumps(examples, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n")
	print(json.dumps(manifest["counts"], indent=2), flush=True)


	if __name__ == "__main__":
	main()